The New York Herald Newspaper, February 2, 1859, Page 4

NEW YORK HERALD. wenn pos SEaaBTT, BROADWAY THRATRE, Groetway.—Wenwaa—Oars- Bact OF THE GsNoEs. Ls EN, Broatwer —Afterncoa and Evening— omees Punsonnances— Cuatven Horses, Mutee, Ao, BOWERY THRATRE, Sowery.—Tas Tunas Past Maz, 08, tum Faxais Ronissox Cnvsons, BURTON'S NEW THBATRE. Broatway—Ove Fauas Auxnican Covsin—PorvLat Fanon, WALLACK’* THEATRE, Brosdway.—Tus Verssan ; 08, FusNce anD ALGERIA. RA KEENS’S THRATRE. 0M Broadway.—Oon Petr Soosue-acut Cumuorss's Maw, NUM’S AMERICAN MUSEUM, Broadway—After. oon and Evening—Naco Minerasisy—Cvniosirizs, £0. WOOD'S MINSTREL BUILDING, 661 and 963 Broadway— Srasorten Soncs, Davoss, 2.—New Yass taaae BRYANTS MINSTRELS, 4BUHANIO® HALL, 437 Broad qway—Nzgeo Sones asp Bueissques—Tax | nd NIFFEN'S UAMPBELL atNSTR: 444 Brosdway.— whoins, Bontsuvas, Ac.—Doonie Bebpes Boon LYRIQUE HALL, 765 Broadway.—Mx. Vawpexnorr's Daamatio Evanina. Gen York, Wednesday, February 2, 1859. MAILS FOR EUROPE. The New York Herald—Edition for Europe. ‘Tbe Cunard mail steamship Europa, Captain Leitch, will loave this port to-day for Liverpool. ‘The European mails will close in this city at a quarter past tcn o’clock this morning. The European edition of the Herat will be published at half past nine in the morning. Single copies, in wrappers, six cente. Subscriptions and advertisements for any edition of the New Yors Herazp will be received at the following places ip Europe :— Sam; Low, 5 . Tansing, Sar? & Go.) King Wile sree, Lansing, Baldwin & Go., 8 place de Ia Bourse. Lansing, Starr & Co. .No. 9 Chapel street. R. Stuart, 10 street, Haveg,.... Lansing, Baldwin & Co., 21 Rue Corneille. Hausorc ..De Chapeaunge & Co, The contents of the European edition of the Hgratp will combine the news received by mail and telegraph at tho office during the previous week and up to the hour of publication, ‘ The News. The tariff and loan questions are just now the prominent topics at Washington, and merchants, manufacturers and lobby agents are flocking thither to influence legislation upon these important sub- jects. As is well known, the democratic members of the Senate, with one or two exceptions, have already decided against any alteration of the exist- ing tariff by the present Congress. A caucus of members of the House opposed to a protective ta- riff and specific duties was held last evening. It waa composed principally of members from the Southern States. The caucus, after considera- ble discussion, adopted resolutions declaring it in- expedient to disturb the tariff of 1857, and also ap- pointing a committee of five to report at the next meeting—which is to be held on Saturday evening next—measnres by which the government expendi- tures can be reduced. In Congress yesterday the Senate took up the House bill making grants of land to agricultural colleges. Several amendments were offered, and pending a motion to recommit the bill the Senate adjourned. Inthe House the vote whereby the Homestead bill was referred to the Committee of the Whole was reconsidered, and the bill was passed by a vote of 120 to 76. There is, however, little probability of the bill passing the Senate at the present session. The Senate’s French Spolia- tion bill was then taken up. Mr. Burlingame re- counted the history of the claims in Congress, and concluded with moving the previous question on the passage of the bill. The Speaker, however, decided that as it contained an appropriation of money the bill must go to the Committee of the Whole. Such reference was accordingly made of it, and the bill may be regarded as effectually killed, so far as the Thirty-fifth Congress is con- cerned, A number of projects of local interest were brought before the Legislature yesterday. We re- fer to our telegraphic despatches for particulars. The radical abolitionists have held a convention at Albany, and adopted resolutions embracing Senator Seward’s revolutionary ideas, as enunciat- ed in his celebrated manifesto, promulgated some time since at Rochester. The overland mail has arrived at St. Louis with San Francisco dates to the 7th ult., two days later than those received by the Isthmus rontes.. Tho Supreme Court of California had dissolved the in- janction restraining the Fund Commissioners from issuing bonds of 1858. Business at San Francisco was very dull. Late accounts from Northern Mexico state that General Garza was again preparing to march from Tamaulipas to the assistance of the liberals, A conducta, with a million in specie and bullion, had arrived at Matamoras, Advices from Utah to the 4th ult. have come to hand, but they contain nothing of importance. General Johnston had reviewed the army, which was in a high state of efficiency. Our correspondent at Bridgetown, Barbadoes, writing on the 11th ult., says:—The United States ‘war steamers Westernport, Com, Hunter; Atlanta, Com. Ridgley, and Memphis, Com. Marchand, com- pleted their coaling and sailed from this porton the 27th of December for Paraguay, via Pernambuco, The hospitalities extended to the officers and crews of the expedition were generous and open hearted, and were duly appreciated by the recipients, and will assist in welding additional links in the chain of friendship which happily unites Great Britain and America. A little produce of the new crop is coming to market, but in very small quanti- ties. After all the despondency and misgivings the crop will approach an average yield, owing to the improved state of the weather for the last six weeks, which resuscitated the stunted cane and caused a harvest to load the ground. The health of the island is good. The heavy stock of bread- stuffs and provisions hag disappeared, and prices are beginning to lookup. The water works are Progressing rapidly. Coolie labor is very satisfac- tory, and the Indians are very much pleased with their pay and treatment. A large number of citizens assembled at the rooms of the Board of Education last evening, to witness the last (or 80 supposed to be) examination of the scholars of the Daily Normal School. The occasion was @ most interesting one. The exor- cises were gone through with in the best and most classical style, eliciting the approbation of every Person present. Speeches condemnatory of the action of the former Board of Education, in abo- lishing the Daily Normal School, were then deli- vored by Mesars. Neilson, McFarlane and others, and “tls classes were afterwards kindly dismissed by D.. 4 Wright until Thursday next. At the meeting of the Board of Supervisors yes- NEW YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 1859. terday, @ communication was received from the Comptroller relative to the measures necessary to separate the future accounts of the county from thore of the city, and requesting an expression of the views of the Board upon the subject. The an- nual report of the City Chamberlain shows that he had in his custody on the Ist ult. money and securi- ties to the amount of $1,004,024, which sum is under the control of the Supreme and County courts. A number of bills were received and re- ferred, and the Board adjourned till Tuesday next. ‘The sales of cotton yesterday embraced about 700 bales. ‘The higher grades were rather scarce, while middling up- lands closed at 120. per Ib. Good to choice extra grades of four were firm, while common brands wore heavy ani enpier. The late advance in common flour was dispropor- toned to the corresponding value of the better olass of extras; and hence the prices they reached could not be sustained. Wheat was less buoyant, and sales were mo- derate. Old corp was scarce and firm, while new was Gull and without a change of moment in quotations. Owing to telegraph despatches from New Orleans, stating that mess pork in that market hed advanced to $19 25 a $19 60, the markgt here became firmer yesterday, and sales of new meee wore made at $18 123¢, and old at $17 625 a $17 75, snd prime at $13 60 0 $13 6234. The stock amounts to about 77,283 of all kinds, and the stock of beef to about 06,828 bbls. end tierces. Lard was active and firmor. Sugars were firm, with salcs of 700 a 800 bhds. of Now Orleans. Coffe was steady. ‘The cargo (2,600 bags Rio), per M. A. Forrest, was sold evening beforo last at lc., ‘Rd 400 bage Laguayra sold at 11340. 0 120. Freight on- gagements were moderate, and rates unchanged. The Treasury and the Tariff~The Northern Majority of the House vs. the Southern and Western Majority of the Senate. The resolution which was put through the democratic caucus of the Senate on Saturday last, declaring that it is inexpedient, at the present session, to disturb the existing tariff law, was, doubticss, intended as a party decree, pass- ing this important subject over to the next Con- gress, in contempt of the President’s recom- mendations. But the resolution introduced into the open Senate on Monday, by Mr. Bigler, affirming the President’s views, and the proceed- ings of the same day in the House, very clearly, show that this last Saturday’s Senatorial caucus, instead of shelving the question under consider- ation, has only precipitated the inevitable issue from which there can be no more dodging. Mr. Bigler appeals from the caucus to the Senate—from the Southern managers of that caucus to the representatives in the Senate of the several States in their public capacity, and puts to them this unanswerable proposition— that, “as the creation of a large public debt in time of peace is inconsistent with the true policy of the United States, apd as the present revenues are insufficient to meet the unavoid- able expenses of the government, Congress should proceed, without delay, 80 to re-adjust the revenue laws as not only to meet the deficit in the government expenses, but to pay offthe present debt, so far aa it may be liable to immediate cancellation.” On the same day (Monday) there were some proceedings in the House on the same subject, of a still more significant character. Mr. Houston, of Alabama, 4 prominent leader of the Southern democracy, and, if we mistake not, a low ud valorem tariff disciple of Mr. Secre- tary Cobb, asked leave to introduce a bill au- thorizing the President to contract s new loan of twenty millions; whereupon Mr. Covode, of Pennsylvania, wished to know whether the gen- tleman intended “making any provision for the payment of the loan, as the delegation from Pennsylvania will not consent to vote for an appropriation of money until there are some measures adopted to supply an empty treasury. He would tell the gentleman they (the Pennayl- vanians) are not going to suffer them (the loan party) to run the ceuntry into debt without first revising the revenue laws, so as to increase the receipts of the treasury.” But Mr. Houston was not thus to be frightened off, and s0 he moved a suspension of the rales, in order to make an opening for his twenty million loan. And this motion has given us something more decisive than the decree of the Senate do-nothing caucus; for the vote of 73 for the suspension, to 127 against it, as we take it, is tantamount to a resolution by the House that there shall be no more loans nor treasury notes without some provision for their redemption. Thus, then, stands the case. The Southern and Western democratic majority ofthe Senate, whose constitaents are-more deeply interested in cheap “store goods” than in protective duties of any kind, are afraid to touch the low tariff of 1857, and shrink from it, notwithstanding the stringent necessities of the treasury. But the Northern majority of the House, whose constitu- ents—erpecially the Pennsylvanians—are very deeply interested in home manufactures, are not disposed to let slip this present golden opportu- nity for at least that incidental protection which a revenue modification of the tariff may confer. With this division of Congress the President stands committed; while by the other side, the President’s head clerk of the Treasury, Mr. Cobb, is regarded as the genuine oracle of the policy of the democratic party. We apprehend, too, that in this conflict be- tween the tariff majority of the House and the anti-tariff democratic caucus of the Senate, as in all other cases, the weaker body will have to succumb to the stronger. The House, under the constitution—and wisely, too—holds the initia- tive authority over the revenues of the federal treasury; and, in this connection, the resolution against Mr. Houston’s loan bill may be accepted ag a very seasonable rebuke to the Southern de- mocratic leaders of the Senate. Their little plots and plans for the next Presidency, and for the Southern elections yet to come off for the next House of Representatives, upon which may fall the election of our next President, may be worth look after; but a rapidly increasing public debt, and a heavy excess of current expenditures over current receipts, are matters of higher and more immediate importance than all the local conveniences and inexpedients of President making politicians. The House of Representatives haye the right side of the question, and they have the adminis- tration with them, of which the President of the United States is the official organ, and not his head clerk of the Treasury, This resolation against Mr. Houston and his loan bill should be, and doubtless will be, followed up by the House; and if the Senate should remain incorrigible, and refuse a modification of the tariff, let the House stand fast and refuse any more Treasury notes and loans. An extra session of the new Congress, “fresh from the people,” will doubt- Jess come to some satisfactory agreement, and so the sooner the President shaM be convinced of the imperative necessity for an extra session, the better it will be for all concerned. But the democratic caucus of the Senate, as we understand it, have agreed that the members of the party may disagree upon this question of the tariff. Perhaps, therefore, the resolution of Mr. Bigler, when bronght to the test, may prove the existence of a sufficient democratic balance of power in the Senate to pass a new tariff bill Anring the present session. In default thereof, it is the democratio party, and not the adminis. tration, nor the opposition, that will be. subject to the drawbacks and dangers of an extra ses- sion, The administration will be justified in this resort by the exigencies of the goverament, and the opposition will be apt to improve the Oecasion of an extra session, in the definite ar- Tangement of some general plan of operations for 1860. We are aware that since the passage of the tariff act of 1846, free trade principles have been steadily gaining ground in the South. Mach of the essence of secessionism lies in the sup- posed advantages which would acerue to a South- ern confederacy from reciprocal arrangements of free trade. But the democratic party have now to confront the demands of heavy expenses, small receipts, an empty treasury, and an increasing publjc debt ; and they must now decide whether these demands shall be met by higher taxations upon imported goods, or through a direct taxa- tion of the people, or the decision will be made by the opposition. The free traders of the South must consent to higher duties upon fron manu- factares and other articles, or toa direct tax upon their niggers, according to their three-fifths ratio Of representation in Congress. The one alternative or the other is inevitable, and the longer a decision js evaded the heavier will be the pressure when the day of settloment sha}! come. Our democratic President makers may agree to disagree upon this subject; but the party in power cannot escape their responsibilities to the country in reference to siort supplies, heavy ex- penees, and a heavy public debt. There is mis- chief, too, in this caucus movement of the Senate; and though it may be levelled at the President, it will react, if followed up, against the party. The President is secure in his positign, but the party is among the shoals and quicksands of the most treacherous navigation; and it may be that the disorganization of the party, commenced upon the Kansas issue, will be completed upoa the tariff A few weeks will settle the question. Bear of a War with France and England— The True Measure of National Power, The cavillers at the bill. for placing thirty millions of dollars at the disposition of the Pre_ sident, to be used in part payment for the island of Cuba in case of a successful negotiation with Spain, advance as one of the weighty arguments against its passage the assertion that auch a step would eventually involve usin a war with France and England. How this great result is to follow from the simple announcement of a desire on our part to acquire Cuba, and to acquire it peaceably, is not stated, and we cannot conceive. As this bug- bear of a war with those nations is continually held up by the opponents of any step that really is a living part of an American policy, it may be worth while to book into the subject, and see what a war between the United States and Eng- land and France, or between the former and either of the last two Powers, would, in fact, amount to. They. comprise three out of the four living nations of the world; and a con- flict between them, or between the United States and either of them, would be some- thing very different from any of the past European ware, or those that have oc- curred between us and any European Power. The three nations may be said to be very nearly balanced in physical strength—their populations not differing greatly in numbers— and that of each of them far exceeds anything in the shape of national Powers that have ever entered into conflict, excepting only the late war in the Crimea. They are, too, in this re- spect, more evenly balanced than any other nations in the world ; and each can freely com- mand the multitudinous mechanical appliances and improved weapons and instruments that have been introduced in warfare, and which have £0 enormously increased the cost of its prose- cution. These considerations alone are sufficient to compel each of these nations to adopt a careful hesitancy about going to war with each other, even upon motives of direst aggression; and much more do they operate when the subject in dispute is not only a question in which they are not directly interested, but one in which their indirect interests may lie in its success. Of this character is the question of the acquisi- tion of Cuba by the United States. Neither the interests of England nor of France are directly aggrieved in the transfer, while such a step would conduce indirectly to their advantage, by bringing the prolific industry and trade of Cuba within the scheme of our material and social de- velopement, and putting a stop to the last rem- nant of the inhuman African slave trade. This is the queation of war, viewing the three nations as equal Powers. But it has another aspect—one which every statesman, whoever he may be, is bound to con- sider before he plunges his country in a war. The three nations referred to comprise the three greatest members of the republic of trade, Their interests are bound together with mighty bonds of mutual exchange, which can be appreciated in the aggregate by the political economist; but 80 deeply do their varied ramifications penetrate every source of industry, the human mind can- not grasp nor estimate the intensity of evil that would be produced by their rupture. It is no exaggeration to say that such an event would paralyse the labors of industry and the exchanges of trade all over the world. Here, then, begins the effect which the political economist can grasp and estimate. Industry and trade are the fountains of revenue, and revenue constitutes the sinews of war and national power. In order, then, tocorrectly estimate the relative physical power of the three nations in a war between them, we must look at their respective condi- tions when the exchange of products between them is paralyzed. A detailed examination, which it is unnecessary to go into here, would show that a very large proportion of the indus try of France and England depends upon the cotton they procure from the United States, and that another large portion of it depends upon the fabrics into which this raw materialis wrought. To deprive them of cotton for one year would throw the industry and trade of both of those countries into inextricable confusion, and at once deprive their governments of the greater part ot their revenue by drying up its sources, So evident is this to merchants and statesmen, that it has been proposed, instead of offering Spain one hundred and thirty millions for Cuba, that our government take the same amount, and advance it on the cotton caop of one year, which shall be kept back until England and France ob- ligate Spain to cede Cuba to us. Our own posl- tion would no doubt be injured by a war that would prevent the conveyance of cotton to France and England, but not to a degree any- thing like the injary that would accrue to, them. We would have the cotton crop in our own hands, and one-third of it, at least, would be consumed in our domestic manufactures, which would then have no foreign compétition to en- counter, The other two-thirds—which now form so large an element of the clothing of the world— wé6uld remain with us, or seek new scenes of THE LATEST NEWS. AFFAIRS AT THE NATIONAL CAPITAL manufacture. No small portion of the forcign THE TARIFF QUESTION. text'le trade would seck our through the thousand paths that commerce finds | Proceedings of a Democratic Caucus of Mem- 8 way to open, when there is a profit to be made,| ers of Among thus civing us greater employment, and taking of another portion of the crop. In this way the changes of trade would be great; but its sources would not be dried up, and consequently the eprings of our revenues would not experience that immense diminution froma war which would come upon those of England and France. In this point of view the three nations are not equal Powers, and the United States, in the event of a war between them, would largely preponderate over England and France in revenue, which is the material of war, and the true measure of na- tional atrength. For these reasons, the fear of a war between ourselves and England and France—either or both—is unworthy the consideration of statesmen, and is nothing more than a bughear to old women and ignorant children, There are higher motives than those of fear to prevent a war, The laws of political economy and social science bind them to peace and forbearance, even under instances of direct aggression. But the fear of a war because we desire to acquire Cuba by a peaceable negotiation from Spain is trans- cendently silty. It should not be entertained for a single moment in discussing that question, which is to be decided upon principles of nation- al developement far bigher than any considera- tions of dynastic interests or kingly advantages. ‘Tue Unpraixtp Swamps Unper tae Crrr, ann Tue Consequences.—There is not in the world, perhaps, a city more susceptible of thorough draining and sewerage than New York, lying, as it does, directly between two rivers, and with in- clination east and west: towards each; yet, strange to say, owing to the hurried and impro- per manner in which many portions of it were constructed, the soi] at this day is nothing better than a sponge, from which poisonous exudations are emitted in the hot season, causing intermit- tent fevers and other local diseases, Singularly enough, this is the case with five of our public parks and squares. St. John’s Park, Washington Square, Madtson Square, Gramercy Park and Tompkins Square are all located on ground which was at one time under water, and was filled in without any attempt todrainit. The Senate Sanitary Committee, which has been in- veestigating the sanitary condition of this city, among other witnesses summoned Mr. Egbert L. Viele, the eminent engineer, who, in illustration of his testimony, furnished them with a most ex- cellent map, showing the topography of that por- tion of Manhattan Island lying between the Bat- tery and Eightieth street, from which it appears that several large tracts of ground, in different quarters of the city, which were originally either ponds or streams, have been carelessly filled in before building upon them, and are at the present time, ae a natural consequence, damp and un- healthy localities. For example: the district around where the Tombs now stands was originally a pool, known as Collect pond; it was over seventy feet deep, and was lower than the bed of the East river. ‘This wos filled in with earth, and we can fancy what soil it must have made. Time was when the prison was first erected, that prisoners who were placed in the lower cells at night were found dead in the morning—either suffocated with noxious’ gasses, or frozen with the cold damp. The whole region contained between Chambers and Broome streeta, Greenwich street and North river—which includes St. John’s park—was a marsh. So, also, was that part of the city lying at the foot of Murray Hill, and ex- tending over the vicinity of Madison square and Gramercy.park. It was once an extensive swamp, and has never been drained. From University place to’ Hamersley strect, running through Washington square, flowed the stream called “Manetta Water”—the old Indian title—which fell into the North river, but which now, of course, soaks through the ground, sending forth deleterious miasma. It has been ob- served by Dr. Foster, in his practice through this district, that intermittent fevers are frequent, and he avers that he can tell exactly, by the character of the symptoms, in many casea, whether his patient is residing within the influ- ence of the old “Manetta.” The vicinity of Tompkins square is similarly situated. It is merely a marsh, with dirt damped upon it, and parties residing there have stated that in very hot weather the aroma from the ground is far from agreeable. It is pretty well known that in some of the lower parts of the city it is very difficult, if not impossible, to procure dry cellars. When the old wells were used, a portion of the water was drawn off in that way; but since they have ceased to be employed, it rises continually into the cellars. At this moment there are several streams to be seen in the upper part of.the city, above Fifty-ninth street, not yet built upon—one of which is now used to turn a mill, If these be merely filled in, their waters dammed up, as it were, and no provision made for drainage, a8 was done heretofore with the localities alluded to, of course the land will become a muddy sponge, and the lessons afforded by the errors of former times will remain unheeded. We hope, therefore, that the Sanitary Committee have paid Proper attention to remedying thisevil, by re- commending » thorough system of drainage asa preliminary to laying out that portion of the city, at all events. tne Democracy, dc. : ote Wasumarox, Fob. 1, 1859. A democratic caucus was held to-night. Johu Coch- Fane acted as chairman, and Messrs. Ruffin and Cava- Baugh as secretaries, Mr. Vallandigham had been nomi- ated for secretary, but he declined, saying the call for the caucus hed not been submitted to the Ohio dolegation, at whose instance he had come here to ascertain the character of the proceedings. About fifty members were Present, principally trom the South, but including two from New York, two from Minnesota, one from Ohio, and five from Illinois. ‘Mr. Muisom, of Virginia, said he was unwilling to be bound by the action of the caucus: the House of Repre- sentatives was the proper place for action. He offered resolutions declaring it inexpedient to disturb the present tariff, and against protection or specific duties, Mr. Pusips, of Missouri, said he was opposed to specifio duties and protection of any form. He was for a modi- fication of t © tariff for revenue purposes, to meet the demands of the Treasury, and remarked that there should | be a retrenchment in the expenditures, Mr. BaRKspaLe, of Mississippi, was opposed to all duties, and favored free trade and direct taxation. Mr. Mitzs, of South Carolina, spoke to the same effect. ‘Mr. : Tawar, of Maryland, did not know that b> was properly preeent under the call, ashe was in fav: a Judicious tarifffor revenue, He thought that the pree ut one waa not perfect, and that a change might be mado with advantage to the country. ‘Mr. Crawrorp read the call, which invited to the caucus all members opposed to protection and specific duties. He said it was signed by many gentlemen now present, and the understanding was that all democrats were invited to attend. Mr. Hovstoy, of Alabama, thought differently. He was willing to confer with those only who were opposed to protection and specific duties, and did not care to attend a meeting of gentlemen entertaining various opinions for a conference. Mr. Morsus, of Illinois, wanted the Chairman of the Com- mittee on Ways and Means to answer whether the com- mittee intend to report any tariff bill, and if 20, of what character? Mr. Pux.rs replied that he could answer for himself. He was disposed to report a bill modifying the tariff in order to increase the revenue of the country, but ne had to in- form the gentleman that the committee had come toa dead lock. fohten ‘Mr. Morn suggested to Mr. Phelps that he prepare a Dill and submit it at the adjourned nu eeting for considera- tion. ‘this gave rise to expressions of good humor. Mr. Ganwert opposed a modification of the tariff, and alluded to the fact that the present expenses of the govern- ment were more than necessary. He considered it the duty of the democratic party to inaugurate a system of which the expenses of government can be reduced. Mr. Lamar, of Mississippi, was opposed to specific du- es. He thought it high time thatthe demooratic party define its position on the tariff, and that the present law should havo a fair trial. ‘Mr. Sraruens, of Georgia, said when he first entered Congress in 1843, the expenses of the government were only twenty millions per annum. ‘ihe country had gone through the expensive Mexican war, with sixty- three thousand soldiers in the field, for fifty- three millions, and now, in time of peace, the estimates were seventy-three millions. Many expendi- tures were wholly unnecessary, and reform was indis- pensably needed. He believed forty millions an abun- dance for the national expense. He was therefore opposed to an increase of duties, and said the expenditures should be brought within the present receipts. - Mr. Orawrorn, of Georgia, offered a series of resolu- tions asa substitute for Mr. Garnett’s, which the latter ac- copted:— First. That it is inexpedient to disturb the tariff of 1857. Becond. That a committee of five be appointed to report ‘at the next caucus means by which the expenses of the governusent van De reduced. Mr. Crawronp believed and was advised at the Treasury Department that the simple extension of the Treasury Note Jaw for one or two years, and authorizing the re-issue of the nearly twenty millions redeemable next July would be sufficient to relieve the treasary. Mr. Tarzor, of Louisiana, expressed himeelf strongly against any decided action at the present time. He be- Meved that it was due to the democratic party and the country to postpone proceedings until a general meeting of the democrats of the House could be called to consider the resolutions. Mr. Srewarr, of Maryland, made an ineffectual motion to table them. Mr. Reagan, of Texas, Mr. Pholps, of Missouri, Mr. Craige, of North Carolina, and others participated wn the debate. ‘The resolutions finally were adopted nearly unani- Mr. Gronar TAYsoR was opposed to this action at this time. He thought it premature and calculated to place gentlemen in a falso position before the country. He was unwilling to bind himself by. ‘tho pro- ceedings of this caucus, representing, as it did, less than half the democratic members of the House. He therefore moved to reconsider the vote by which the resolations were adopted, with a view to have the motion entered, so that they might be called up for consideration at the next meeting. On motion of Mr, Burnett, the caucus adjourned till ‘Saturday. A general invitation will, it is understood, in the Meantime, be extended to all demooratic members of the House. Our Wi Despatch. THE TARIFF AND LOAN QUESTIONS—THB DEMO- CRATIC CAUCUS—ORGANIZATION OF NEW TERRI- TORINS—THE FRENCH SPOILATION BILL—THS PRINTING INVESTIGATION, ETO., ETO. ‘Wasmmaroy, Feb. 1, 1860. A democratic caucus was held in the hall of the House this evening—Mr. Cochrane in the chair, and Mr. Ruflin, of North Carolina, and Mr. Cavanaugh, of Minnesots, secretaries. There were between fifty and sixty present. A free conversation was had among members, some adboring to the present tariff without change, others con- sulting the possible future necessity of an increase of reve- nite to defray the expenses of the government, and some pro- posing retrenchment of expenditures as the proper remedy. 4 Joan by government for ita relief met with general ap- Probation; but no one seemed impressed with the proba- bility of its being carried as a separate proposition. Mr. Millson, of Va., offered resolutions against disturb- ing the tariff, and in favor of ad valorem duties; but no vote was had. A vote was taken expressing the opinions of those pre- sent against changing the present tariff, and calling an adjourned meeting of the caucus for all democrats, with- out distinction, next Saturday evening. The caucus is regarded as rather a failure on the part of the section desirous of endorsing the action of the Senate caucus. Mr. Maclay signed the call for the caucus this evening. The caucus was called of those opposed to specific and pro- tective duties. As Mr. Maclay holds the controlling vote in the Committee on Ways and Moans, it is probable he may yote for a loan bill apart from a change in the tariff, and in that event the Joan bill will come before the House as the committee's report. But this is as far as it is likely to go. The Committee on Ways and Means did not discuss the tariff question at their meeting this morning. They are Waiting for the reply of the Secretary of the Treasury to @ resolution. That reply will be sent in either to-morrow or Thursday, and will be an emphatic reiteration as to the necessity of a change in the tariff, and substantially en- dorsing Mr. Phelps’ bill. The President opposes a loan bill, onthe ground of the impropriety of increasing the public debt for ordinary expenses in time of peace. The tariff of 1867 is really @ protective tariff for the benefit of the woollen and cotton manufacturers of New England, It ‘was out and carved to suit them, under the inspiration of ANor ror tee Tartrr Men to Crack.—The duties that will be paid into onr Custom Honse during the present weck will amouat to nearly, if not quite, two millions of dollars, and those of the next weck will not vary far from the same sum, This revenue is from goods already ar- rived, or known to be on their way. It is stated by many of our most intelligent jobbers, that the orders which have been sent out for goods ex- ceed anything that has been done in former years, and that the revenue during the present month of February must exceed that of any previous month. Our hotels are crowded with people, and the spring trade is opening with a spirit that encourages every one. The only complaint among importers is that our public storage and Custom House facilities for the despatch of goods quite unequal uirements the Massachusetts lobby fund. ye ete try of trade, | ‘™o\\weveatonable if the administration nood fear the and call for farther increase. fact of the next House being republican, for, a0 far, if the Supreme Court Chambers, government had depended upon the demoorats in Con- gress for carrying the bills necessary for ita support, it would havo been in the vocative. There is, however, an important consideration, which induces the belicf that after a good deal of buncombe a change in the tariff will be agreed upon this session. It is this: It was distinctly understood that the resolution of the Senate oxncus was not to be binding upon any Senator's yoto; and it is al- Judge Sutherland did not sit yesterday, in consequence of the death of his youngest son. Srranornrs Iv Wasummoyon—<The hotels 5 the federal metropolis wi rer before, except on the cocasion of lie inatguration oe a at al crowded.— Washington retrenchment and reform, and offered a resolation for the appointment of a committee of five to report means by - $$ $$$ ready known that eevera! of the participants in that cae. Cun are willwg, a6 a matter of compromise, when the Point couse, to vete for a modification upon (he basis of the revenue tariff of 1646. These, with the republican votes, wili be sufficient to carry it. Iam, therefore, strovgty Of the opiniow that there will be no necessity for Gb extra session, and that the tariff will be modified. The French Spoiiation bill received a severe blew im the House this mornmg, im the vote sustainiug the de- cision of the Chair and sending the bill to the Commites of uke Wuole. There are but two ways now open to reads ft, One fs by a suspersion of the rules requiring a two- thirds vote, which cannot be had; te other, by passing over each bill baving precedence of it seriatin, and thus reaching it. ‘This can be done by a simple majority, bub it i more than doubtful if it has sufficient friends whe ‘are willing to vote aside all other measures 20 as to give ® precedence. During President Pierce’s adi however, it passed in this way. Some of the lobby mem, ‘dere working for this bill are so unpopular that their eom- nection with ittis enough to defeat any measure, ‘The House C mmittee on Territories moet again this morning. After a free discussion the committee authorised the chairman to reports bill organizing the Territory of Colona, to be called Jefferson. They also im structed him to report tbe bill presented at the lags meeting—that bereaftor no Territory shall be admitted inte the Union as a State with @ population leas than the num» ber required by the ratio of representation in Congress, ‘The Senate Committee’ on ‘Territories have authorized bills to be reported organizing the Terzitories of Arizona and Dacotah. ‘The question of Colona will be brought up ct the next meeting, The House Committee on Foreign Affairs met again. to-day. The committee intend bringing the subject of Uuba, before the House early next week. Tbe Penneylvania delegation protest against Judge Black's leaving the Cabinet, and have recommended Wil- son McCandless, of Pittsburg, for Judge, tn place ot Irwin, resigned. He will probably receive the appointment. ‘The special committee appointed to investigate the a¢- counts of Mr. Seaman, the late Superintendent of Publie Printing, have succeeded in getting plenty of evidences of the extensive ‘loana’’—so they are delicately termed— which Seaman managed to negotiate with nearly all the manufacturers and contractors who supplied the paper. ‘Mr. Wendell is summoned to appear to-morrow, but it understood refuses to answer certain interrogatories of the committee, on the ground that the committee exceeds the legitimate scope of its duties in investigating anything the simple accounts of Seaman. THE GENERAL NEWSPAPER DESPATCH. GROANS OF THE SPOILS SEEKERS—THE NEW TERRI- TORY OF JEFFERSON, ETC, Wassiveron, Feb. 1, 1860, } ‘Messrs. Pryor and Heisa in the States to-day momoral- ize Congress to give them a share of the advertising, and complain that the Exeoutive has crowded them out. Although evidently » majority of the House is in favor of the passage of the Senate French Spoliation bill, its necessary: reference, under the decision of the Speaker, to the Com- mittee of the Whole on the State of the Union, may be re- garded as conclusive of its defeat. The Interior Department has rocelyed information from the Commission to survey the Texan and New Mexican boundaries. They have succeeded in approximately establishing the parallel, and were making the base line with the hope that ina few days they will be able to in- form the department of the fixing of the initial point. ‘The progress of the survey has been retarded by extreme cold weather in the valley of the Rio Grande. The party has been thrice attacked by Indians. The military escort despatched to them had not arrived. J. M. Bpillock has been confirmed as United States Mar- shal for the District of Goorgia, in the place of Mr. Stow- art, who was removed on the ground of not having used sufficient vigilance in the yacht Wanderer case. Senate. ‘Wasmmoron, Feb. 1, 1869. RELIEF OF COM. PAULDEVG. Mr. Sswann, (opp.) of N. Y., offered a resolution for the relief of Commodore Paulding. Referred. i: LANDS FOR AGRICULTURAL COLLBGME, Mr. Wapn, (opp.) of Ohio, moved to postpone prior or- Mr. Grow, (opp.) of Pa., called up his motion to reeon- sider the vote by which the Homestead bill was referred to the Committee of the Whole on the State of the Union. ‘Mr. Srernens, (adm.) of Ga., thought the present land system ought to be changed, but was opposed to this bill, Mr. Mrzisom, (adm.) of Va., was of the ppinion that the Mr. eo 120 against 76. Tt provides that i wes . any person, ‘who is the head ‘8 family and over twenty- one jmp of age, and a citizen of the United States, bas ‘an intention to become such, according nataralization laws, shall be entitled to onter a quarter section of any vacant or unappropriated land, aad hold a on condition of actual settlement and cultiva- ; | He Hie ial nail eal F ; r : 4 dir i ai |! FF i z Fg E2 ii gE 3 i a &g 2 = E i e Zz 5 § if oe Fe: I i I ‘The Srmaxan, for reasons which he stated, decided that the bill makes an and mast be considered in Committee of the the State of the Union. United States Supreme Court. ‘Wasuinatox, Fob. 1, 1899.