The New York Herald Newspaper, January 16, 1859, Page 2

ontempt. (Hear, hear.) The advocates of pn “attacked ns valued friend Charles Sum- —( a his seat in the Senate house of his country, nearly } executioner with votive canes and imitative cudg- els; but battery and assault, mutilation and mur- der were indicatious of hostility, alarm and conster- nation, not of indifference and contempt. (Ap- plause. They might depend upon it that the cause of the svoliconiya as aaming real, palpable aah daily progress. (Hear, hear.) It entered now in’ ervey pbine of private, social and domestic life; every decision of the courts of law teemed with it; it was a matter of comment, eitheras being advert- ed to or omitted in the teachings of the pulpit; it entered into almost every election; it affected the election of members of Congress, of Senators, of Governors of States, and might, prerine before long influence even the selection of the President of the Union. (Applause.) Under these circum- stances he wished that the voice of sympathy, mane and encouragement, even from old Europe, old England and old Yorkshire—(applause)—might not be wholly beni (Hear, hear.) They had been reminded 3 his worship the Mayor that indications 4 not been want- ing in the great neighboring empire of France that the claims of liberty, which were not treated with inviolate respect in the interior rela- tions of that rehgy might also meet with but scant observance in its exterior relations. (Hear, hear.) He would not touch upon the question of the lawfulness of the ships and cruisers of this country ascertaining the Lona fide character of other vessels—whether they were engaged under the lawful fiag of their country, or merely piratical and slave carrying vessels. ‘That question might for the moment be involved in some embarrass- ment, which he should be sorry, by any observa- tion of his, to increase, especially as he could not tell exactly how it precisely stood. (Hear, hear.) He must say upon this head that he thought some of the abolitionists of the United States themselves in speaking of this question last year part this country had taken) did not evince such Sepepesity or gratitude for the efficient i 3reat Britain had always taken. i for the suppression of the slave t But whatever this country did for that great had almost said that Godlike—purpose, she had not in view the thanks and gratitude of men, and might well pass without them. (Applause.) What he felt anxious about was that the demon- stration of the feelings which animated the people of this country on this class of subjects, and which was evinced by the existence of a ic- ties, should serve to show their ov Parliament, and mai the essential questions relating to slaver slave trade they would be true to them: true to the great part which their father this immortal cause. (Lond applause.) vent, indeed, was his hope that the present display of the spirit that was within them mighteven make itself felt and known across the wide world of waters—to those among whom the cause was still only militant and not triumphant. (Applause.) There was a sublime notion connected with the laws of sound, which he believed Mr. Babbage had moat impressively mentioned in one of his works, namely, that all sound whatever, even the mildest word which escaped their lips, was never wholly lost, but was so impelled by the undulations of the air, or whatever the medium might , as to leave its impress through all space and during all time. Such a notion seemed to invest their utterances with new and un- dreamt of responsibilities. (Hear, hear.) Eyen the very youngest person had been startled by the mar- velious efiects of electric communication; and he asked them only to figure to themselves that, by a chain of connections and sympathies, even more to be relied on than the great Atlantic cable which still lay submerged at the bottom of the deep, they were, from the Town Hall of Leeds, wafting that night across the mighty ocean to those rugged steeps once trod by the Pilgrim Fathers, to those wide plains where Washington unfurled the stand- ard of independence, or (to present the exact re- verse picture) to the rice swamp, the sugar planta- tion and the slave mart, where the slave still toiled and bled and was sold afresh: that they were waft- ing from this real land of liberty to the still existing home of slavery the accents of their sympathies with the abolitionists, their pity for the slave, their allegiance to the undying cause of freedom. (The noble lord resumed his seat amid loud cheers.) The resolution was seconded by Mr. K. Baines, and carried unanimously Visit of the Russian Archduke to Paris, ‘THE ANGLO-FRENCH ALLIANCE. Paris (Dec. 24) correspondence of Loudon Herald.] e Patrie to-night publishes a long article on the subject of the visit of the Grand Duke Constan- tine to Paris. It assures the public that the only importance to be attached to itis that it must be considered as a proof of the good understanding between the French and Russian governmenta ‘This is a most gratifying state of affairs, according to the Pairie. At the same time it must not be Series. hints your contemporary, that the friend- ship between France and Russia is a sign of the coming rupture of the En Seto alliance. Quite the contrary. “We are the allies of England and the friends of Russia.” The English alliance, more- over, though a guarantee for the peace of Europe— (here follows an enumeration of al} the blessings of said alliance, which most of your readers must by this time be pretty familiar with)—is so disinter- ested that it permits us to have frien erywhere. And so on for two columns. All this may be very well meant, but it cannot be denied that it is very badly expressed. It is not easy to distinguish be- tween the meaning attached by the Patrie to friends as contradistinguished from allies. What the real views of the government on the subject may be, itis clear they must not be sought for ia the columns of La Pati The follow’ here alluded to:— ‘The second visit which the brother of the Russia has just paid to the Emperor of the F Tige to numerous comments both in the and in the foreign press. portant fact, and we think it woald be to misunder its character were it to be considered simply as ai courtesy. Marks of politeness showa by princes mere formalities; they are the symptom tions existing between nations, and of draw them towards eachother. But if th some extracts of the article e not of the good rela we may aflirm with the sam2 asenranco that it i new one. Russia has evinced az mucd good peace as she has shown beroism in war. We have learnt to admire the courage and discipline of her soldiers on the field of battle, and to honor her frankness and straighiforwardn: in the Congresees held. Petty rancors are the of gar defeats, but one s0 glorious as that whicl Russia expe- Fienced at Sebastopol after a Mfteen months’ sioge cannot ingpire any vulgar feeling. Russia has admitted the po wer France, the equity of ber policy,-and the wisdom of her sovereign, and has understood that it was worthy of her to obtain our friendship after having acquired our es. teem. Those are the sentiments which have icepired ber conduct, and directed her in her relations with us. In the Congrets of 1866 and the Conferences of 1858, ber repre. sentatives manifested no hesitation in giving their co-ope- ration in the European interests which the Emperor of the French, faithful to his policy of moderation, sought to pro- mote. ‘Not a complaint ean be raised against her on that point. Our brave enemies have been Joya! friends, ‘The article then refers to the altiance of Russia with France and England, and says: ‘This state of things ins not been abie | dify the combination on which the peace of Europe re- poses. It can only consolidate them. The Angi French alliance, far from having been weakened, finds on tho y way to mo- | | i in| Downing, Timoth; lanse)—as he sat quietand unepenking 'y | ‘William O'Brien to be admited to bail, themselves took away his life, and then presented the | NEW YORK each, to come up for trial when called on; Jeremiah Cullinane, Timothy Pee, Dee Downing. Patrick Met y, Thomas O’Shea and in £200 each and two sureties each of £50, to sppene at the assizes, and Daniel McCarthy, Denis Sullivan, Jeremiah Donovan (Rossa), Murty Moynehan, Wil- iam O'Shea and Murty Downing to be committed for trial without bail, he solicitors for the prisoners then returned thanks to the er a and Crown solicitors for the manner in which the proceedings had been conducted, Mr. William Smith O’Brien—a competent autho- ~~ on prison es—thus writes about the “de- luded youths” of the Phenix Club:— Although I Sieapovers more than I can express of ‘Secret societies, and up to this moment [hey ey or with the objects of the Phoenix Club, I cannot but feel much sympathy for the young men who are now under arrest. The mode in which they have been dealt with hitherto reminds me of the stories which we have heard of Austrian tyranny in the writings of Silvio Pellico and others. Whatever their offence be, they wo be confronted with their sco aay ought to in- formed of the charge that is brought against them—thoy Ought to be assisted and protected by the presence of their legal advisers. ought to be treated as innocent until they are proved guilty, and not punished by severe treatment in anticipation of a conviction which it is pos- sible they may not have merited. These are fundamen- tal requisites of justice common, to pil oonnsees, but it appears, alas! that they are still violated in Ireland. vies r WILLIAM 8, O’BRIEN. The Steamship Weser at Queenstown. (From the Cork Reporter, Dec. 29. ‘ The Bremen screw steamship Weser, Captain John H. Gatzen, put into this harbor on Snnday evening, bound from Bremen to New York, with 2 valuable cargo and passengers and a large mail. She is 2,700 tons register, not including the engine room, and 25 feet longer than the Great Britain, The captain of this vessel, who has been several times across the Atlantic, states that he never en- countered such dreadful weather. This splendid vessel (during a hurricane which Jasted trom. the 16th to the 23d inst.) was thrown on her beam ends, the sea making a complete breach over her, carrying away nearly everything on deck, and the vessel having sprang aleak the water rose to seven feet in the engine room compartment, putting the fires out, and the coal bunkers having broken adrift, the coals got under the platform and choked the pumps. A pump was fen contrived by the chief engineer out of a steam pipe, at which the officers, crew and passengers worked with the greatest vigor, until they eventually reduced the water and enabled the steam to be got np again The passengers speak very highly of the praise- worthy manner in which Captain Gatzen acted during the entire gale, as also of the officers and crew of the vessel. We understand that the Weser is to be repaired at Mr. Wheeler's dock. ‘The Australian Bank Loan in Euro) ‘Forty ‘Millions of Dollars Wanted. {From the London Herald (City Article), Dec. 30.) It was Cigars announced this afternoon, 29th ultimo, that the Victoria (Australian) Railway Loan will immediately be brought forward. The pros- pectus has consequently been issued, with the sig- natures of the parties representing the six Austra- lian banks who have engaged in the operation, and tenders will be forthwith received for the first £1,- 000,000, The entire amount authorized to be raised is £8,000,000, for £7,000,000 of which subscriptions will be taken in this country, it be- ing proposed to spreadthe amount over a period of about four years. The money is secured, principal and interest, under the Railway Loan Act of the Legislature of Victoria, dated Melbourne, the 24th of November, 1857, and the amount is to be obtained by the issue of debentures, bearing inte- rest at the rate of 6 per cent per annum from the Ist of October, 1858, in series of £1000, £500, and £100 each, redeemable at the expiration of 25 years, the consolidated revenues of Victoria being pledged to the discharge of the liability. The ten- ders for any portion, or for the whole of the first £1,000,000, will be received by the London and Westminster Bank up to Friday, the 7th proximo, a deposit of 5 per cent being previously paid either to the London and Westminster Bank or the London Joint-stock Bank, the balance being adjusted at the date of the delivery of the debentures, which is fixed as the Ist of February. The principal and interest will be payable at these estab- lishments, the latter on the Ist of April and first of October in each year, by coupons. Capitalists who take the debenturesjwill befentitled to the two per cent interest accruing from the Ist of October, 1858, to the 1st of February next. From the statement made it appears that the revenue of Victoria for 1857 amounted to £3,307,467, while for the present year it is estimated at about the same sum. Different opinions have been expressed with regard to the success of the transaction. Altho' it is thonght by some individuals that difficult; will beonporionced irplacing he eurtter sues, the nature of the security, with the advantages it possesses, will, it is believed, eventually render it popular. The certainty of six per cent interest, with the accruing two per cent at the date ar- ranged in February, may operate as an induce- ment; but yet the public are far from being prepar- ed to enter into extensive transactions, however, fa- vorable the investment. The similar descriptions in the market, with dividend on the Ist of January, range from 111 to 113; and therefore it has been estimated that the biddings, whether limited or not, may, looking at the quantity offered, and the date of redemption, vary from 105 to 108. The highest isof course the nearest appreciable quotation, though a great deal will naturally depend upon the support afforded by leading capitalists, and the tone of the general markets during the next week or ten days. As was anticipated, the committee representing the contractors have brought the ope- ration as near the date of the payment of the Ja- nuary dividends as was possible, in order to obtain whatever advantage that then might arise from the enlarged circulation of money. Professor Hughes’ Printing Telegraph. From the London Mechanies’ Magazine, Nov. 27.] We happen to be in a position to offera few re- marks upon the subject of the above letter, in which we shall show that the Atlantic Company have yeta greater duty to perform in accepting the té:ms proposed by Professor Hughes. The At- lantic cable is at present lying waste, and any elec- trician, whoever he may be, has a just right to ex- pect a very liberal remuneration for peg 3 it available to the company and to the public. The very first proposal of Professor Hughes, which is to enter upon the necessary experiment upon the cable with his own instruments, at his own expense, is, we submit,a imost liberal offer. Mr. Phillips’ second point is not better substantiated than his firet. Against his assertion we oppose ours, and say that the Hughes printing apparatus is much less liable than the ‘“Whitehouse-Morse system” to de- rangement from earth currents, for the compact- ness with which a message is recorded by the for- mer is much greater than with the latter. The ques- tion of yapidity of communication—Mr. Phillips’ third point—is not a very important one in the present state of affairs, but we think Mr. Phillips must have failed to comprehend the capabilities of the Haghes instrument in that re- spect. As to the last paragraph of the above letter, we do not see how Professor Hughes can do more towards er ing his assertion “ to others” than he has already done in making the offers he has made. On Tuesday last we visited Mr. Henley’s works contrary greater strength in it, aud fresh guarantees of | at East Greenwich and saw Professor Hughes’ in- duration. The alliance is founded on general interests, Which are those of tue whole of Europe, and we might say of civilization, It ¢oes not, as at another period, make ‘one pation subordinate to the’ other. It is not impose? un France by a dynastic necessity,and on England by an itea of ambition. It attests, on the contrary, tue power of the two governments aud of the two nations, but it also proves their moderation. What, therefore, the Grand Duke's visit should struments in operation, and the result of our inves- tigations is that there is even better canse than the Zimes announced for believing that the Atlantic cable may yet be rendered the channel for perfect communication between England and America in both directions. What the Tumes stated respecting the earth currents is founded on fact, and we have no doubt whatever that the Hughes instru- intimate is summed up in the following terme: ment, as modified to snit the circumstances of the The presence In France of t peice oer ihe | Atlantic cable, is thoroughly well adapted to the Grand Duke Constantin one 80 close to the throne of stission and receipt of signals by means of the his august brother, bas in our opinion no other signitica- | faint currents now sent through that cable. But, in tion, His visit to the Tuileries, thus explained, ought aot | addition to the advautages of the printing appa- to awaken any distrust, and cau only strengtien the hopes | ratus, Professor Hughes has an invention by of those who ihink that the re will not be devoted to | which the faintest conceivable currents may be war, but to progress and to ex The Irish Nevolutionists. NAMES OF THER Mb SMITH O BRIEN. The Northern Whig (Belfast paper) of 29bt ult. says:—At our Police Court to-day (Wednesday) ghtened liberty a conversation took place between Mr. Joa & solicitor, aud Mr. Tracy, R. M., in regard to the pri- soners now in dy, charged with membership in an illegal society. “Mr. Rea inquired of the sit- | fing magistrate whether it was his intention to bring on the investigation next Friday, in the coun- ty jail, and in private? Mr. Trac , and replied that the investigation would be privat ty that the jail was, in his opinion, a proper place for tho cordact of the investigation. Mr. Rea protested inguiry Lessig place in the jai ld it and a ied t migh. he held in the County Court House. He was o opinion that the press ongit to have <i Baty Af was ing to concedeothat point Q quirics were not held in yn @ cove, he said, might do in Naples, but was con- trary (o the British constitution, and prevailed only where despots riled. Mr. Tracy said the jail was quite suitable. Mr. Rea then ‘declared ‘that he would throw up his brief rather than lower his profession, by being compelled to defend his clients in-such a place. He had no doubt Mr. Tracy | was acting under instructions. CLOSE OF THE EXAMINATION AT Conk. (From the Cork Examiner, Dec. 26.) The inquiry closed at five o'clock, and after a fhort deliberation on the part of the magistrates, the following decision was avnounced:—Bugene McCarty, James Stack and Jeremiah Driscoll to be Pischarged on their own recognizances of £100 COMMITIED—LETTER FROM | } | | | that countr utilized. To assure us of this, a battery was formed y of two fragments of wire, excited to an ow degre The current from this cn a on T | extremely Vatter y of course, 80 faint as to be enti in- capable of prodacing anything like a deflection in the needle of a fine Henb even when the instrument wa cenit close he battery. Yet this extremely faint current, passed through 240 miles of the Australian now shipping from Mr. Henley’s works, d the printing apparatas perfectlyso well apparetos qualified to re the influence most diminished eloctric current. ‘The con- clusion is, that not only ure the currents obtained at Valentia from Newfoundland sofficient to record signals, but that the Hughos apparatus may be worked, and siguals recorded per , even long after all currents perceptible by ordinary in- struments have ceased to exist. Neod we add one word to induce the Atlantic Company to close at once with Professor Hughes? Russtan Progress in China, The Russian authorities are preparing to make the most of the commercial prospects opened to them on the side of China. The late treaty with h has decided the commercial corpora- tion of Kiakhta to keep two students at the Univer- sity of St. Petersburg, after they have completed their scholastic instruction at Irkutsk, who are es peciall, y to occupy themselves with the study of the Shin Mantchou and English languages. The University will be paid the sum necessary for the support of these pupils for thirteen years. After being perf ‘din the above languages, they are to learn the Japanese. A service of malles-postes and diligences is also being established between Kiakhta and St. Potersburg—the former run twice a month, and the latter three times a » From Kiakhta to Pekin the distance is 623 but let = are Semprayed ite back in eet @ servi forme men | hore . who for some little time before Teaching e place where they change horses, raise a loud and peculiar cry, so that the fresh animal may be brought out for them. In Mongolia a « performs miles in the twenty-four | sy the moun- tot ee eisets buh siict regedit ee detent not so ;; but ict as 3 to the rate zat travelling, ftom which the couriers ‘ ‘The Bilboa,s steamer built im harbor, is se ae er lr ete Bor e river Am of Tar- ta find Siberia. This craft, tary A rp, has been just bought for that gov: ‘and starts with @ cargo of small iron of yr draught, built by Cockerill, of Liege. ‘enough t Liege is French for Cork, Both it ishoped, will give buoyancy tothe 4 Triumph of the Russian Em {From the Par is Conatitut Deo. 24.) There is every reason to believe: the libera- tion of the serfs will be effected b; padcamp ton, But ail the proposals made with that oiject ave been rejected by the commission, and this latter has explained its refusal in Matra ‘on the one hand, that serfdom was only estal in Russia by Bo- ris-Godouneff, and that custom alone had “ abusive- ly” consecrated it ; and that, on the other hand, it is for the Sovereign alone to destroy, by his own will that which another Sovereign introduced, without any other right but his good pleasure. That manner of laying down the question of obedience to imperial guthority appears to us oo to eae able. It is not pray ie prosness in ia; it proves at least that the n nobility, swayed by purely material interests, make no attempt to yield to the voice of justice and generosity. The mem- bers of the commission have even e farther. They have not only declared the ition of li- berty and civil rights to the peasants by redemption to be amercantile operation unworthy of them and their families, but they question also whether it would not remain a disgraceful memorial in the his- tory of Russia. A people does not buy its liberty ; it achieves it by labor and civic virtues, and it is not in exchange for money that the privileged classes of a country ought in the nineteenth cen- tury to give the protection of the laws to the poor and laborious classes. The nobility of St. Peters- burg does not wish either that any mistake should arise in consequence of the term of “temporar bondsmen” being substituted for that of “serfs.” They have regarded the newcondition created by imperial edict as a favor to the peasants. During the twelve years through waich these latter will have to pass before obtaining their entire liberty, the peasants will adapt themse:ves to regular la- bor. They will learn to love the land which they no‘longer cultivate by force, and they will insensi- bly become capable workmen, so much the more interested in the fraits of their labor, that a day willarrive when they alone will reap all those fruits. Immediate emancipation would, on the con- trary, have the disadvantage of leaving all these men unsettled, exposed to their own caprices, dis- posed perhaps to emigrate, and running all the risks of idleness and misery. Such a condition of things would have all thedangers of a complete revolution. The agricultwal wealth of Russia would then become the cbject of a struggle be- tween the nobles despoiled. of all their rights, and the peasants led away ly the intoxication of triumph. ‘The Revolution ta Cochin China. A despatch from Manila, dated the 23d October, supports the rumor of an insurrection in Cochin China. We read:— The chief of the insurrection is a prince of the dynasty of the Trinh, whose father died in the year 1851, and who enjoyed greatpopularity at oe The dynasty of the Trinh reigned simultaneously with that of the Le until the close of the eigh- teenth century. It was dethroned by the family of the Tay-son. These usurpers maintained their su- premacy only a few years, and were themselves vanquished, after a severe contest, by Hong-De, who owed his success to the Bishop of Adren, so justly celebrated, and to the French officers who commanded his army, as well-as to the Catholics. Hoang-De, after his victories, united Tonking with Cochin China, and in 1802 assamed the name of Gia-Long, under which he immortalized himself. This prince protected the French and the Catholics, to whom he was indebted for his good fortune; but at his death, in 1820, his son and successor, Minh- Menh, changed his a and quarrelled with the old friends of his father. Thieu-Tri, the son of Minh- Menh, mounted the throne in 1841, and commenced persecuting the benefactors of his family. His suc- ne Ta-Duc, Res psn aA by a worse spirit than ¥, never ceased to persecute and torture the Christians, to whom he owes his ctuwn. tyranny is not con- fined to the Christians; it oppresses the entire pop- ulation of his States, and particularly the inhabi- tants of Tonking, who are said to feel much aver- ion for his government, and this explains the en- couragement given to the chief of resent in- surrection, who is the legitimate descendant of the dynasty of the Trinh. ‘The account contains an addition, in the form ofa statement that the pretender has shown a friendly feeling towards the Christians, whom he wishes to attach to his cause. Opening of the Suez and Alexandria Rall- way. CONNECTION BETWEEN THE MEDITERRANEAN AND RED SEAS. The Peninsular and Oriental Company's screw steamer Alhambra, Captain J. D, Steward, with mails in charge of Lieutenant Cashman, R. N., Ad- miralty agent, arrived at Southampton early on the morning of the 21st ult. From the London Times, Dec, 28.} Among the passengers by the Pera were: Col. Apthorp, of the 41st Native Infantry, one of the heroic defenders of Lucknow, and who went through the whole of the daugersand hardships of that memorable siege; Major Dickens, of her Ma- Jesty’s 20th Regiment, who was with the regiment in the Crimea, and also at the relief of Lacknow; Captain Bogle, of the 78th Highlanders, who was with the Jate Sir Henry Havelock during the whole of his: brilliant successes; and Captain Pinckney, late of the 6th Enniskillen Dragoons, who was with isregiment inthe Crimea, as well as during the siege und attack on Delhi. This gallant. young offi- cer's health has been so impairel by climate, &c., that he has been compelled to retire from the service. [From the London News, Dec. 28.) ‘The Pera’s outward passengers were conveyed throughout Egypt by railway. It was stated at Alexandria that the Suez canal will be commenced next year. (From the London Chronicle, Dee. 23.) The Suez canal, it is said, will be commenced next year. The writer of this heard a shrewd American observe, “If the French and Russians begin to make that canal, T guess England and the United States must take their shovel fill it up as fast as they dig it out.” [From the London Herald, Dec. 80.] The line of railway is now open in its entire length from Alexandria on the Mediterranean sea to Suez on the Red sea. The distance between the two seas is about the same as from London to Man- chester, The London and Northwestern Railway Company charge £3 per ton for conveyance of goods from the metropolis to Lancashire, and bear- ing in view the difference in the cost of eonstruc- tion, the value of land being so high in England and so cheap in Egypt, the carriage of goods along the Isthmus by rail to Suez ought not to exceed £3 per ton. At this rate there would be a won- derful expansion of trade by the overland route. Already the traffic with Egypt has received an impetus. First class steamships now depart every few weeks froni the Thames to Alexandria, and they act as feeders to the Indian trade. But the Mersey people ship largely to the Mediterranean, and steamers leave that port. for Alexandria every few days. Messrs. Viana, Chapple & Gos, Messrs. Bibby, and Burns and M’Ivor, are the incipal owners ofthe Alexandrian lines of ste: As great quantities of faucy goods are forwarded from the manufacturing districts to the East, a project is on foot to place screw steamers to conneet at Suez and go and with the Liverpool vessels for Bombay, Madras, and Caleut The rate charged from Liverpool to Alexandria is 45e. per ton, and if the Pacha re- duces tI e through Egypt before the expira- jon of we may have the throw tes from England to one My Tndia reduced one-half. Biltish Code of Morals tn Ind the Trade tn Infant Females tor Barposte of Prostitutto (From the Friend of India, Oct. 28, Six months ago Mr. Toogood, magistrate of Mon- ghyr, discovered that the Cazee wore in the habit of ‘registering the sale of girls to brothel keepers on legal documents. Three giris in partioular had been so sold to one Amee' ly deeds prescribed erun, as deeds of lease, but which ‘assigned over the girls for ninety years, and all their children... The woman was entitled to “exact any kind of service whatever,” end was bound to furnish only food and clothing. Mr. Toogood committed both’ Ameeran and the Cazee for trial, At first it appeared ag if his imagination had for once not played him false. The facts were all clearly proved, Ameeran ad: mitted that she had hired the children. Sli , mitted that they were to be prostitutes, One girl testified that she followed that trade. Another, with a naivelé which has in it even a deeper touch ot horror than Ameerun’s franknes, said she was young, but was being brought up to it. The Judge, seeing these facts, considered the prisoners guilty of a misdemeanor, and sent the case up to the Sudder Court to pro- nounce sentence. The Sudder Court re- viewed the evidence, admitted the facts as SUNDAY, JANUARY 16, 1859 proved, acquitted the prisoner, and censured the inagistrate for interfering in matters with which he had nothing to do. The reasons ed for the ae are as aber prry see ba arsine, acl: be Cazee who signed the de at once. He had only lent the aid of his jedibial office to bind little girls, British subjects, for life to com- pulsory prostitution. As to the brothel kee; Dpinions were divided. ‘The first. two te oney and Mr. Bayley, would have Amee- run. “The latter held that a lease for life was legal, but that the present lease, involving the lessee’s progeny, was beyond life and egal. Being illegal, the hiring of a ‘cir for immoral purposes was an offence, and, asan offence, panlihal le. He there- fore inflicted a sentence of two years’ imprison- ment. The two judges not agreeing as to the ex- tent of ment, the case was referred to a third. Mr. Colvin held that the proceedings were ab initio null and void. The crime was “not @ serious one,” and the magistrate had no power to interfere. The charge should have been made by an individual. Mr. Sconce went further. He held that Ameerun was rather an injured individual than otherwise. Hiring a child, he remarks, does not “constitute a crime. Miscellancous Pereiee Items. The /ast Goftar (India) of the 7thof November remarks:—The royal proclamation, announcing the assumption by the Queen of England of the gov- ernment of India, read to the public on Monda; last, has been pronounced a r of the civil and religious rights and liberties of the people of India; and such a charter it would pre-eminently be, if carried out with that earnestness and that sincerity in which it appears to have been framed. The importance of the proclamation lies not in the professions it makes, but in the hope that the time fan come when they may be realized. Similar pro- tessions, in some shape or other, were from time to time made by the East India Company and its offi- cers, but in most instances they remained on pa- per, and some were ron eae set aside. Even for unjust acts, good and weighty reasons were made out and recorded. Dalhousie made no spoliation for which a moral obligation, a political necessity, a philanthropic desire for bettering the condition of the people were not pointed out. The Paris Univers says:—The Sapte her pro- clamation, assumes the title of Defender of the Faith. In fact, her Britannic Majesty, Defender of the Faith of Jesus Christ, declares that though firmly convinced of the truth of Christianity, she has not, however, either the right or the desire to impose her own convictions on any of her gubjects. She says even more, and takes care that every one shall be perfectly aware of what lengths her abne- gation goes. It would be simple enongh that she should promise not to piace constraint on any one, but the engagement which she takes against Chris- tianity is far more ample. Not only she has no de- sire to impose her faith on her Mussulman and idolatrous subjects, but she forbids pout one to un- dertake their conversion. Her Majesty’s language is “We strictly order all who exercise au- thority not to interfere with the religions faith or form of worship of our subjects, under pain of our high displeasure.” To any one aware of the abom- inations of Indian idolatry, the engagement thus taken by the Queen of England must appear in- credible. Statistics have been published of the returns from the three Indian railways. The Bengal line has returned:— Mileage. Receipts per mile, Jan., Feb., March. 1a £363 68, April, May, June. 121 £360 83, Being equivalent on a cost of £12,000 a mile, and with an expenditure of 46 per cent on working ex- penses, to a divisable profit of 64 per cent. In Bombay the returns were:— Mileage. Receipls per mile. Jan., Feb., March...... 88: £363 68. Lam not aware of the cost of the Bombay line, and the expenses are heavy there, but those returns must still yield a dividend over the guarantee. In Madras, again, the returns are:— Mileage. Receipts mile. Jan., Feb., March. si. 3 est 83. ES igh May, June. . $1 £100 10s. This is equal to a dividend of two per cent. The export of tea from China to the latest date was 9,500,000 Ibs., showing, a8 compared with the corresponding period of last year,a deficiency of 10,000,000 Ibs. Of silk the exports had reached 24,000 bales, showing a deficiency of 11,000 bales. Fraser's Magazine has the following:—The mid- dle classes in Japan are all well educated and hight: intelligent, and inspired with a thirst after knowl- edge, equally respectable and admirable in a nation so long debarred from all op jortunities of self-de- velopement. From their old friends the Dutch, they have already learned a great deal; how anxious they are to learn more is proved by the endless series of questions they are always propounding. to ‘tmose whom they fancy they can obtain rr mation. In order to prove what we say by more than mere assertion, we transcribe here, trom a manuscript kindly placed in our hands by a Dutch gentleman, pony, years the chief of the Dutch fac- tory, some of the queries addressed to him at dif- ferent times by Japanese residents of Nagasaki or other places. They are mostly written—or rather painted, as the Japanese, like the Chinese, always use the brush, in a bold, clerk like hand—on Ja- panese paper, in always intelligible and often toler- ably correct Dutch:— Z QUERIES ON DIVERS SUBJECTS. 1. What is the weight of the earth? Can it be ascertained? 2, Are the United States of North America likely to increase in power and extent? 3, What are the revenues of England and Rus- sia? 4. It is said that Turkey holds no maritime inter- course, with other nations. What are the means of subsistence of that nation? 5. Is there any land near the Sonth Pole? 6. Can one learn astronomy thoroughly without going to sea? 7, What difference is there in the rigging of a merchant vessel and a man-of-war? _ 8 What sum is requisite for the building of a line-of-battle ship, a trigate,a corvette, a brig, a bark, a sloop? ‘The Japanese carry on their accounts in thails, and one thail is, as nearly as possible, equal to two shillings and eight pence English currency. Pieces of cloth of the above stated dimensions were sold, hefore the opening of the trade at from twenty- eight to thirty-six thails, cachemires at fifteen, camlets at twelve, watered camlets at seven, print- ed woollen yelvets at about ten thails, average prices. M. Ferdinand de Lesseps has addressed to the Paris journals a letter giving some additional de- tails concerning the subscription for the Suez canal. He states that in France it has exceeded his expec- tations, not fewer than 220,000 shares having been taken. The returns already received from other countries complete the capital required, and the company will be regularly constituted, accordin; to the terms of the statutes, very soon. The Board of Directors have, he says, been already chosen from among the principal projectors of the under- taking and such of the shareholders as have from the commencement shown the greatest confidence in the realization of the enterprise. The interest of five per cent secured to the subscribers, and calculated in estimates of the expenses, will com- mence from the Ist January. There reigns in the empire of Morocco a very general belief that Spain or some other Power will make the inveterate habits of piracy among the Arabs of the Riff'a pretext for Tay ing that part of Africa, and attempting a permanent settle. ment there. On account of that belief the Empe- ror of Moroceo ct ee his standing army on a more efficient footing, and is having it armed with the beet kind of firearms which European manu- facturers can produce. The Minister of the Interior of France has ad- dressed a report to the Emperor on the question of emigration. It appears that France has hitherto re- mained aloof from the movement which has beenso actively going on in Great Britain and in Germany. During the last ten years the number of emigrants from England amounts to 2,750,000, and from Ger- many, 1,200,000; while France stands in the list for Jess than 200,000. In 1856 the number of French emigvants was 17,997, of whom 9,433 went to fore countries, and 8,564 to Algeria. In 1857 10,817 went abr and 7,992 to Algeria, Foreign countrics, therefore, scarcely take from France 10,000 individuals a year, the remainder going to her African possessions. The budget of the Austrian Navy, which prior to 1848 did not exceed a million and 'a half of florins, has now been increased to five millions, (12,500,000 franes.) ~The Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian, while at Trieste, informed the nayal authorities of the fact. This augmentation has been caused by the building of several new vessels of war and by ihe works going on in the ports of Maggia and ‘ola. ‘The Finance Department of Austria has just pub- lished a work which contains some curious infor- mation relative to the system of taxation in the em- pire. In 1857 the taxes levied amounted to 298,- 206,847 florins. Of that sum 30 per cent was raised by direct, and 50 per cent by indirect taxation, “The remaining 20 per cent,” says the official writ- er, “was got from other sources.’ The direct taxes are the land tax, which brought in 63,242,146f.; the house tax, 11,719,486f.; the trade tax (eru steuer), 9,392,863.; and the income tax, 9,76% 3008. The indirect taxbs are the consumption tax ( 36,934,3358.; customs, 18,786,427. / tobacco, 26,686,1261.; stamp duty, HTL ORL. lottery, 7,135,907f1.; post, 2,106,0860.; duties, 2,424 49sfl.; and “other duties,’ $40,508f, The ayerage Jand tax is about 5.26fl. per joch, or acre, bnt in Some of the Crown lands or provinces sevon or eight florins are paid, In 1856 the house rent paid in Austria amonnted to 95,000,000f., and the next sentence will explain how it is that lodg- ings are 80 enormously expensive there: —"In 1438 the honse tax (gebiiude-steuer) was3,925,119f1., and in 1856 it had risen to 11,698,2194.” Thus the tax on house property had increased 198 per ceng dur- ing the period of 18 years. ‘The trade of Madeira appears to be languishing. In 1852 the imports and exports amounted to £281,760; in 1854 to £175,200, and in 1856 to 196,100. - Of this trade £132,310 passed through British vessels in 1852, £107,600 in 1864 and $122,- 550 in 1856. The quantity of wine exported from the island was 6,690 pipes in 1852, 4, jipes in 1853, 2,227 pipes in 1854, 1,776 pipes in 1855, and 1gol Hao. The popula' of Madeira was 103, 1856. A Jamaica Custom House’ return shows the fol- Big: Touhy rts of the princi staple arti- cles Wu the year en gon e 30th of Sey ir last:. gar, 33,032 \ds.;_ rum, 18,193 puncheons;. cotton, 5,876 Ibs.; coffee, 5,237, 689 Ibs.; pimento, 9,465,261 Ibs.; Bin r, 709,620 lbs.; arrowroot, 72,023 Ibs.; logwood, 12,558 tons; honey, 8,108 gallons; beeswax, 794 cwt. 1 qr. 11 Ibs.; cocoanuts, 784,422 Iba; lead ore, 23 tons; copper ore, 40 tons. The Icelanders are generally dissatisfied with their political position, and manifested not only in thing, but also in the journals of the island. They wish to govern themselves. The Representative Assembly, created in March, 1843, and composed of twenty-four deputies, has only one deliberative vote. At Copenhagen, the Second Chamber ap- pears willing to support the claim of the national icelandic party. report on the chapter of the budget relating to Ice- ‘and, expresses regret that. it knew so little of the affairs of the island, and declares that the time has arrived for according the inhabitants the right of managing their own afluirs. From the 1st of January, 1858, down to Decem- ber, the number of vessels that have sailed from Hamburg is as follows:—For Port Adelaide, 5! Melbourne, 11; Sydney, 3—together 19. In the year 1857 the numbers were—ForiPort Adelaide, 2; Melbourne, 13; Sydney, 1—together 16. In 1856, the total number of vessels that sailed from Hamburg to Australian ports was 17, conveying 1,701 Ger- man emigrants. The Australian trade of Bremen from the Peetntne of last year was as follows:— For Sydney, 2 vessels. with 517 emigrants; for Port Adelaide, i vessel with 16 emigrants, A letter from Frankfort of the 23d of November says:—It results, from an application ely made for information by the committee formed here to examine the complaints of German creditors of the United States, that a certain number of these States owe them more than ten millions of francs, fur- nished for the execution of public works, such as canals, roads, railways, &c. Nothing remains to these German creditors but the share papers as a gortentee of the debt, and they have not received for several yearsa single dollar of interest for the sums which they advanced in good specie to Ame- rican companies now become insolvent, though it is yet hoped only fora time. The committee pro poses to send special agents'to the United States to pursue by all means the recovery of the important sums due to Germany. The Great Russian Railway Company has decided to receive during the month of January pay- ments for shares not yet taken up (actions pas liberées). Shareholders, however, are to have the right for an unlimited period to subscribe. The Gazelte of St. Petersburg has an article on the affair of the Charles Georges, in which, on the subject of immigration in general, it expresses Sonia almost textually the same as those in the peror Napoleon's letter to his cousin. The writer says:—We know that the negro, when he is free, never thinks of abandoning his country, and consequently the idea of contracting an engagement to labor i as the seas can never occur to him. We know also that there are very few free negroes on the coast of Africa. There are, however, some resid- ing on the coast who may be good sailors, but who do not like agricultural labor. What then is done to obtain laborers? Application is made to the na- tive princes, to the oenes, who, by the continual wars they carry on amongst each other, obtain troops of slaves. It is these pett kings who sup- ith what are called the ply the French dealers wit ee blacks. We are aware that Europeans may pretend that in purchasing blacks from the kings on the coast they are zealous promoters of civiliza- tion. But this argument resembles that by which slave traders formerly defended their traffic: “Do we not,” said they, “save the slaves from certain death? Do we not make Christians of them by sending them to the sugar, cotton and coffee plan- tations?” Thank God, however, this fallacious argu- ment has never been admitted; it has been shown that in reality the demand for the black merchan- dise excited the native princes to intestine strug- gles, in order to procure slaves, Tn the recent treaty between Russia and China it is atipulated that there shall he a monthly mail communication between Kiakhta, on the Russian frontier, and Pekin, the communication to be eftect- ed in fifteen days, for the convenience of the two governments,.as well as for the wants of the Rus- sian ecclesiastical missions at Pekin. This mission consists of ten persons—never more—but may be less from death or other causes. They reside within the city of Pekin, near the Imperial palace; have a Chinese guard of honor, but are unrestricted in their movements. The Chinese have a school of twenty- four young men, selected from the descendants of the Cossacks made prisoners at the capture of Albasin, on the Amoor river, in 1680, in the war with Rus- sia, and who were removed to Pekin. These boys are taught the Russian language, and any document coming from Russia is sent to this school to be ren- dered into Chinese. .A letter from St. Petersburg, in the Nord, gives some account of the sensation in that cit; caused by the polemic in the Western journals on the Villafranca affair. The writer remarks :— What is it that France has gained in its influ- ence in the Mediterranean or the East in return for the sacrifices she made in the late war? And what has become of the political equilibrium at Constantinople? To re-establish it Russia and France have already had to draw near to cach other on the scene even of their bloody contest. On the oy first symptoms of this union, Eng- land turned herself towards Austria, and sought to create alliances in Germany, the significance of which can escape no one. Wherever there is to be found a French interest in Spain, in Italy, or the East, in ry sea, in the colonies, British influence bristles up in arms. Wherever there is a germ of hostility against France, England grafts there a temporary friendship. If from this state of things var has not yet arisen, it is, on the one hand, because of the Indian revolt—it is because the multiplied bonds of international commerce, industry and finance make to hesitate the most unscrupulous of consciences; it is, on the other hand, because the friendship of Russia strength- ens the position of France, the firmness, the dig- nity of her attitude, assuring at the same time the maintenance of peace. The Emperor of Russia has conceded to a joint stock company the construction of a railway to unite the Volga to the Don. That undertaking ‘will unite together the Caspian, the Sea of Azoff, the Mediterranean, the Black Sea and Central Asia. ‘The most distant regions of Siberia will come into easy communication with Odessa, Vienna, Paris and England. In spite of the wretched aid afforded We the present steamtugs on the lower Don, and the difficulty of communications with the rich parts of the empire, the commerce of the basin of Azoff has increased tenfold ba the last twenty years. In 1848, the total value of imports and exports amounted to 8,000,000 roubles; in 1853, to 23,092,000; and in 1857, 27,797,000. Rostow, on the Don, had, in 1838, 909,000 roubles of imports and exports; in 1847, 4,113,000; and in 1857, 11,029,000. The ex- tremely moderate price of the produce of these countries, washed by the Volga, is the principal cause of this rapid developement. Rostow exports wheat, linseed, wool, iron, tallow, candles and ca- viare. It is thought that in consequence of the large goods traffic which must take place, the new railway will make @ very handsome profit, calen- lated at 12 per cent. : By a return of the stamps issued to the various Paris journals, it appears that at the present mo- ment the leading organs stand thus in point of dail circulation:—Le Siecle, 36,000; Le Constitutionnel, 24,000; La Presse (evening), 18,000; La Patrie (even ing), 14,000; Les Debats, 9,000; Courrier de Paris (evening), 12,000; La Gazette de France (evening), 3,000; Chiravari, 3,000; L’Univers, 4,000; Gazette des Tribanaux, 1,200 per day. The mission which the Venetian Counts, Castel- laniand Freschi, have undertaken to the East, in the silk business, is exciting considerable attention on the European Continent. The disease, a kind of atro- phy, which has extensively spread among the silk- worms of Italy, France and other parts of Europe, and well nigh threatens to extinguish the whole race of that useful and indis; le creature, has de- termined the above-named noblemen to visit some of the most distant, parts of Asia, including Persia and China even, to examine there the method of rearing the worm, its proper treatment, and to introduce into Burope fresh seed for its propagation. The Polish landowners have again made an at- tempt to protect themselves as much as possible ay t the consequences of the emancipation of the serfe, The Polish cultivators are free in their ersons, but dependent on the aristocracy by the lands which they till. Immediate notice to quit has been d oe to those persons, as fears were enter- tained that they might claim the property of the land which had been conceded to them. The result has been a great number of law suits, which have been decided in this sense, that cultivators cannot be expelled from lands whioh they have cleared, nor from those which from their origin have been considered fs peasants’ lands, and of which they should have the right to claim the full property at the moment of the general emancipation, eir discontent is | the Assembly of the Al- | ¢ Committee of Finance, in its | [ A London letter says:—As there is at present great agitation among the shipowners, whose in- terests were never so depressed, and as many im- pute it to the repeal of the navigation laws without a quid pro quo, it may be well to see the increase of foreigners in our carrying trade since 1849, and the increase of forciga shipping compared to British up to 1856, inclu those years, first taking entries with cargoes:— British Ships. Porei 1849, tons 4,390,375. . 1,680,894 1856, tons 5,086,262 ve BL55 403 Increase, 16 per cent.. -100 per cent, oras 6 to b Secondly, the total entries and clearances with cargoes and in ballast:— a 1849, tons 9,669,038... 04)335,750 1856, tons 12,945,771... 8,643,273 Increase, 27 per cent. ~-100 per cent. ‘Thus it wall be seen that fosien ghioy with car- goes have increased in the ratio of six to one in our trade, while we are forbidden theirs. The Paris Presse publishes a very curious article on the pontifical finances, and on the dilapidation which, it affirms, is constantly going on in the various branches of the Papal revenue. The following extract enters into some strange details on the aub- ject:—The expenses of justice for the city of Rome exceed those of all the other tribunals of the State; | the courts are peopled with ecclesiastics and ge- | nerall presided over by Cardinals. According to a stati tloal account published by Cardinal lesi, | when Minister, there are in the Roman States more ‘ paid functionaries than soldiers The support of the various churches costs fabulous sums, the amount for the last ten years being equal to that of | all the other extraordinary expenses in the budget. The church of Ostia alone stands in the account for seven millions, and that is only a third rate town. | The commission for puiting ap end to mendicity | has swallowed uap,since 1827,no less than forty millions. This would be a trifle, even for Italy, where money is infinitely more valuable than France, if the commission had only shown some signs of existence. All thatis known of it, how- ever, is_ that the Cadinal President had for his share of the alms 60,000f. a year. What, then, has become of all the millions, since any one who has merely spent but one hour in the Eternal City must be sa- tisfied that it is the El Dorado of mendicity? The Sultan of Anjouan, one of the Comora islands lying between the Western Coast of Africa and Madagascar, has offered to place himself under the protectorate of France. This proposition, in the event of its being accepted, would secure to France a considerable preponderance in that group of islands to the north of the Mozambique Channel, where she already possesses the islands of Mayotte,. St. Marie and Nossibé. The Manchester Guardian remarks:—New York is more unfavorably circumstanced, as regards the success of democratic institutions, than any city in the Eastern States—far more so than any European country. It receives the offscourings of Europe, and its wealth attracts to it a large portion of the most disorderly characters in America. It has a large classe dangereuse, whose presence must obviously be fatal to a city where there is no power not directly derived from universal suffrage. It is true, therefore, that New York is not a fair speci~ men of America, and that America is an exagge- rated instance of the evils of democracy. The London News observes:—The independence of the Central American States, and the guaran- teed neutrality of the Transit route, have appeared to us, a8 to a good many observers in other coun- tries, sufficiently important to justify a vigilance all the more necessary for the general carclessness; and the disclosures which now arrive by almost every mail are such as to show the advantage of some former knowledge of the bearings of that group of questions. The London Post remarks:—Mr. Buchanan, do what he will now, is judged according to his past career. We are glad, indeed, to perceive that, now that chances of re-election have become desperate, he has enforced his authority in favor of law and order. But the sop has not been accepted by the Northern States; and there is every probability that the next Presidential election return to the republic a chief who shall impersonate the abo- lition of slavery. The London Times says:—The municipal insti- tutions of New York have been gradually formed by the skilful hands of the leaders and the wiHing minds of the people into a well arranged ma- chine, by which a large tax is laid on Properly, and tna great measure divided in sucl k proper. a tions as are agreed upon by the high co rties between the that Slecls the tor and the that Sr aperey the cracy. Turn to Congress itself, and there at least we find that Roman virtue which Montesquieu tells us is the very lifeblood of a republic. No; not even Congress can boast itself free from the breath of suspicion. Subsidies to steam packet compa- nies, grants of land to enterprising railways—these and many other good it is currently believed can be obtained from Congress itself by a secret and judicious application of a certain sum of r money. Indeed,so deeprooted has this belief be- come that it has found its practical embodiment in the existence of a race of men called “lobbyers,"’ whose business it is to carry on those secret nego- tiations which, if not committed to the discreet ency of a third persen, might wound the chastity of senatorial honor, and perhaps reduce the ge- neral estimate of republican virtue. The London Post of the 8th ultimo says:—It is said that filibusters from Texas are about to invade Mexico, but the accuracy of this intelligence we beg to doubt—first, because Mr. Buchanan can- not with any consistency, after his recent procla- mation, sanction such an attempt; and secondly, because the American people, should they desire acquire Mexico, can more safely and honorably se- cure that object by engaging in legitimate hostffi- ties with a Power which has given them ample grounds for such a mode of enforcing national re- dress. The London News says:—Mexico, incurable as she is, has little to learn in law and order from the mother country; and even were it not other- wise impossible, a Spanish invasion of her ancient colony could only be successful on the principle of “Like cures like.” But it is as well understood at Madrid as at Washington that the re-appearance of the Spanish flag on Mexican territory would be the signal for the rising of “The Lone Star” at Cuba, never to set again. The Madrid government, therefore, will be satisfied with obtaining satisfac- tion, for Mexican outrages by a little harmless cannonading. Hué, the capital of Cochin China and the resi- deuce of the eror of Annam and his Court, is situate about eight miles from the mouth of the river, the navigation of which is difficult. At this mouth are a village and a fort. Hué, which is on the left bank, occupies a considerable space. Its de- fences, perfectly constructed, do the greatest honor to the French engineers who erected them, in the reign of preding. There is nothing com- parable to them in all Asia. The ramparts are over thirty feet high, with a ditch forty English feet wide, and advanced works to some extent. They are surrounded by a vast canal, which might serve as the first line of defence. Those fortitica- tions, executed in 1814, were kept in perfect repair till 1828, The present Emperor still attaches real importance to their maintenance; but as the Enro- eans who were in the service of his predecessors have been dismissed, and as the pupils they form- ed are dead, there is at the present day a complete want of educated and competent engineers to keep them up. We have important accounts from Upper and Lower Cochin China. The kingdom of Tonkin, a de dah of the empire of Annam, is in full revo- lution. stated that the insurrection was ex- cited by the Spanish missionaries, and that the na- tive Christians are the Peesipal actors in it. Seve- ral vessels were immediately sent from Touron to support the revolt, and the capital of the kingdom itself is menaced. The task of getting the Great Eastern ready for sea will commence probably about the middle of this month, and to finish in every respect will re- quire five months from the day the work begins. In all probability, therefore, the Great Eastern will be filling up with coals and stores, and making ready for her first great trial trips by midsummer. A religious journal of Madrid, dated on 18th ultimo, announces thata beautiful Jewess, daughter of ey, parents, has been pyres baptised after having been instructed the Countess de Hurrianes, one of the most influential members of the old aristocracy. The clemency of the Emperor of the French is to be further exercised towards Gomez, the servant and accomplice of Orsini. He is to be liberated on the Sardinian frontier. From 1851 to 1857, inclusive, the colony of Vi toria has yielded gold to the value of £53,93), and California to that of £67,742,493, ‘The last Australian mail, delivered in Dublin, con- tained 1,400 registered money letters, trangmitted by emigrants to relatives and friends in the old country. The Madrid Gazelle contains a royal decree for the regulation of railway concessionsin Cuba. The tailways are to be classified as of the first, second and third class, Those of the first class are to begin at the capital and cross the centre of the island aa far as the extremities of the eastern or western de- partments; those of the second are to begin at some one of the seaports and communicate with one or more railways of the first class; and those of the third are merely to put two points into commn- nication. All railways, it ia added, are to be con- sidered as belonging to the State as’ works of pub- lie utility, and may be made efiher by the govern- ment or by private persons or companies. Accounts received by the French Minister of Marine from Isle Réunion speak of an eraption from @ volcano there, known by the name of Grand