The New York Herald Newspaper, October 18, 1858, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1858. NEW YORK HERALD. | JAMES GORDON BENNETT, r EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR, OPFION HM. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASBAO STS. cash in adeonce. Money soni hy mat will be at the A LY | LD, t100 conte: Y $F per annum. THE LY MERALD. cory Sarde cents per : ‘park of Groat Britvin, or Bo nay prart af the Continent, hod THE FAMILY HERALD, every Wedneaday, at four cents por or $3 per annum. RT CORRESPONDRNOR, containing semportsnt leohhcitel from comy uci worlds of wack, vill ba Be ee. pg Sih aia Luvrans axD Pack. AMUREMENTS THIS EVENING. BROADWAY THEATRE, Broadway—Lapr or Lrons— Mouwine Cau—Miize's Marn. FIBLO’'S GARDEN, Broadway.—Pavvenres. BOWERY THEATRE, ‘Tavarst—Post or Honor. BURTON'S NEW THEATRE, Broadway.—Irauian Orena I Portas WALLACK'S THEATRE, Broatway—MABRIAGe A Lor. reuy—Nertone’s Dereat. LAURA KRENE'S THRATRE, No. 6% Broadway —Ocn Amsniwax Covsus—A Dar ix P. Bowery.—Parvnerts—Macic METROPOLITAN HALL, 585 Broadway. —Simrson & Co. —Lavum Brew ane—Box axp Cox. n BARNUWS AMERICAN MUSEUM, Rrosdway.—Afternoon ud Eveniug—Taropox’s Mixro Woxip—Dx. Vaanrine, &c ‘WOOD'S MINSTREL BUILDING, 581 and 563 Broadway— Rrmortas Sones, Dances, &0.—1s anv Our or PLace. MECHANIC'S HALL, 427 Rroadway,—Bevawrs’ MinstRets: —NsGa0 SONGS axD Buaiesaues—Riowany No. 3. CAMPBELL MINSTRELS, 444 Broadway.—Eraiorian naRacrenistics, Sones, £0.—Darxsr's Dazaw. New York, Monday, October 18, 1858. ‘The New York Herald—Edition for Europe. ‘Tho Cunard mail steamship Canada, Captain Lang, will ‘cave Boston on Wednesday, for Liverpool. ‘The European mails wil! close in this city to-morrow af. Ternoon, at half-past two o'clock to go by railroad, and at four o'clock to go by steamboat. ‘The Koropean edition of the Himato, printed in French ted Ruglish, wili be published at ten o'clock in the morning. Single epics in wrappers, six conta. Subscriptions and advertiaoments for any edition of the New Yors Hsaaip will do received at the following places (a Europe — fowpon.. ..Samsen Low, Son & Co., 47 Ladgate Hill. Rames & Macay, 61 King William stroct. Pamm...... Lansing, Baldwin & Co., 8 Place de la Bourse. favmeroot .Lanaing, Starr & Co., No. 9 Chapel street. R Stuart, 10 Exchango stroct, East. Kaven,....Lanaing, aldwin & Co., 21 Rue Corneille. The contents of the European edition of the Herarp wil! combine the news received by mail and telegraph at tue office during the previous week, aad up to the Lour of publication. The News. A letter from New Orleans states that the fever does not abate in any degree, and will not until they have a frost. The writer gives the dates of early frosts for the past six years, as follows: — 1852, November 14; 1853, November 15; 1854, No- vember 17; 1855, October 26; 1856, Saptember 30; 1557, October 30. We have news from Bermuda dated on the 29th ultime. The storm mertioned in our last was very severe on land, and at sea, to the westward, it raged for a short time with all the power of a hur- ricane. One effect of the blow was an unusual state of dryness of the atmosphere—a difference, contrasted with the ordinary state, as between 8-10ths and 5-10ths. The face of the Bermudas never looked more beautiful. The arrow root and feet potato crops give promise of an abundant yield, and if there should be a continuance of mild weather the fall crop of the Trish potato (in some pinees already above ground) will come to perfec- tion in good time. A correapondent from Santiago, Chile, gives a very interesting account of railroad building in the mineral regions of that country, and of the style of living in which the mining population sometimes indulge Tha new charch af 04 vos ee ey ed, with all the solemn and impressive ceremonies of the Catholic religion yesterday, at Hudson City, N.J., by Bishop Bayley of Newark, who preached an eloquent and instructive sermon. Capt. Camillus Rooke, of the schooner Susan Canon, which arrived here from Para, Brazil, on Saturday, reports having been in very close prox- imity to a waterspout on the 24 of August, and gives @ very interesting description of its appear- ance. The news from Para is devoid of any politi- eal or commercial interest. The two ladies who clasped each other in their arms, kissed, and leaped overboard from the burn. ing Austria, were the two sisters of Mrs. Eckert, of Brooklyn. Their names were Scher. ‘The committee appointed by the Medical Society of Richmond county to investigate the number of yellow fever cases which have occurred outside the walls of Quarantine during the past season have made their report, setting down the total number to the present date at thirty-nine, and the deaths at rixteen. In concluding their report, the committee adds:—“Should no other advantage be derived from this investigation, we think that by present- ing to the public these results we have disproved the allegation that the excitement during the past season was merely an old dodge of real estate spe- culators.” We learn from a Brookhaven, L.1., correspondent that the body of an unknown man was found on the morning of the Sth on Crane beach. He was about six feet high, and had on s brown frock, a check shirt, red flannel undershirt and black cloth pants. He had a full set of teeth, with the exception of one wanting in the upper jaw. The head and face were much decayed, the eyes gone, and there were several deep gashes on the arms and legs. No papers or clue of any sort were found on his person: The annexed table shows the temperatare of the stmoepbere in this city during the past week, the range of the barometer, the variation of wind cur- rents, and tho state of the weather at three periods during each day: viz., al 9 A. M., and 3 and 9 o'clock P.M. ? mi ” orm. iy = F\> a3 (hf $ rele g kl: = aH H a}: |f 3 i : ea: xen SoS Bee's Wet aed rk Bom Thor LGN iN Woe ra 30.51/61) NW (S06) NOW olay eas REMARKS. Saturday—ear and cool ail day; night, clear Sundey—Civar and pleasant all day; bight, clear Monday —Ciwudy ail day Tuesday—Overcart all day; night, rain. Wedneeday—Morning, overcast with light mist; after- boon, Overcast wight forgy, with rain. ‘Thureday—Cioar al! day and night. Friday—Clear ail day and night Saturday —Morning, clear ‘Tho sales of cotton on Saturday reachod about 6,100 bales, Chivly in transita. Prices continued to rule hoavy and to be unsettled and difficult to give, as transactions on the Spot were limited. Sales in transitu are 80 mich rogulat €4 by rates of freight from Southern porte that \t is dim. Quit to base quotations that would bave any general ap. plication. A private despatch reosived from Mobile, dated the 16t), quoted middling cotton at 1iXc. a lin%e, with Gales of 2,500 bales. Flour was less active and buoyant for common grades, while good brands of Ohio, with Southern extra grades, were quite steady, and in some request for export to the West Indies. Wheat war unset tied and prices were easier, while sales were light. Oorn was heavy and cheaper for Western mixed, which sold at Te. & Tle., part to arrive; white Southern at 830. a B4e., aod yellow do. at 860.0870. Pork was firmer, with sales OH mows O16 1 & $16 50 an! prime at $14 20 0 $14 25, Sugars wore in fair demand, with sales of about 600 hhds at steady prices, The stock in this market embraced about 80,000 hhds. Cuba, 192 do. Now Orloans, 1,560 do, Porto Rico, 100 do, molado, aad 1,150 boxes Havana. Coffeo was firm: sales of 38,950 bags Rio were made, by auction, at Xe. a 12c.—average 10.700. Of the whole offered, 619 bags were withdrawn, and 200 bags of it after wards sold by private sale at 110. The public sale was spirited, and fully sustained the previous prices of the trade. One thousand bag: of Java were also sold by auc tion at 14¢., at which the sale was stopped. Freight en- gagemonts were moderate, and q\otations without change of moment. Our November Election—Singular Condition of Partics and Factions. The Northern elections of the present year, from Maine to Minnesota, have thrown the demoralized democracy into ruins in every direction. The fac- tious conspiracy against the administration, with Douglas at the head and Forncy at the tail, ac- tively co-operating with all the odds and ends of the opposition, has especially laid low the demo- cracy in Pennsylvania, so that at this crisis the only available point for the recovery of their position and their broken fortunes in the North is the State of New York. Singularly enough, too, while Pennsylvania, which in 1856 turned the scale in favor of Mr. Buchanan, has been re- yolutionized in the late election, New York, which was carried for Fremont by 80,000 plura- lity, is now, from the intestine divisions of the opposition, entirely within the grasp of the de mocracy. This auspicious opening to the democratic party is due to the selfish and dictatorial policy of Seward and his man Thurlow Weed at the late Syracuse Republican Convention. Had Seward consented temporarily to stand in the back- ground, or had the Convention consented to put Weed “into a back seat in the rear car,” there would have been a fusion between republi- cans and Americans which probably would have carried their common State ticket by a hundred thousand majority. But as Mr. Seward, for the Presidency, was the sine qua non of the republi- cans, and as Thurlow Weed was his indispensable facteten, the prevailing desire on both sides for a practical coalition was frustrated; and the result, instead of fusion, is a regularly organized battle between the two factions for the Presidential balance of power of the Empire State. On the one side the contest is of vital impor- tance to Seward, for should he fail to carry his own State at this important crisis he cannot ex- pect to be considered available for 1860. On the other side, should the American faction fail to draw away from Morgan a vote indispensable to the future movements of the republicans, the last remnants of the American Order will speedily be frittered away at less than cost. But with the defeat of Morgan by a handsome democratic plu- rality the Know Nothing managers of New York may dictate the terms, and even the candidate, of the opposition coalition for 1860. Between Sew- ard and the American faction, therefore, this November contest is too sharply defined to admit of a compromise upon the State ticket. On the contrary, it is now as important to the American as to the democratic party that Morgan should be defeated, while Gerrit Smith believes that Morgan's defeat is just as essential to the triumph of the great cardinal principles of “temperance and freedom.” With the opposition forces thus divided into three irreconciliable factions, upon three different candidates for Governor, and with the democracy of the State cordially united upon the common platform of the administration, there is no reason to doubt the triumphant election of the Parker State ticket. And the inducements to the de- mocracy to carry this State in this canvass are scarcely less, in reference to 1860, than were the necessities of the party in the Pennsylvania Oc- ban tI ee . og ae clection settled the issue of the last Presidential struggle, so this New York November election, if carried handsomely by the democracy, give them a Northern foothold from which t may recover all the ground they have lost, and carry in their hands the balance of power to the Charleston Convention. Thus our intelligent readers will discover the wide distinctions between the Presidential par- ties and issues of our November election, and the temporary and local questions and combina- tions which have carried these late September and October elections in other States. While our Seward republican clique are laboring for the utter extinction of Know Nothingi«m, the Know Nothing clique of managers are as actively struggling to secure that balance of power which will put them in a commanding po- sition in view of the fasion of all the opposition elements for the Presidency. Io thie connection this fight of these great factions becomes the more interesting from the interposition of Ger- rit Swith, who is resolved that the double-deal- ing Seward managers shall, in this contest, have none of the assistance of the bonest believers in “temperance and freedom.” We repeat, too, that while these divisions of the opposition in thi« great State, (the arbiter of national parties and Presidential elections.) are most encouraging to the democracy, the general result to them is of the highest importance in reference to the Presidential succession. The next Congress may still be saved by the democracy of New York; but upon them the last chance of saving it depends. The recovery of the Northern ground lost by the party may be saved by a strong reaction here in November, and thus New York may play 4 part as decisive in the election of 1860 as in that of 1844. Final- ly, as the divisions and demoralizations of the democracy will account for their late disasters in Pennsylvania, 0, we predict, will the divi- sions and dissensions of the opposition of New York be attended with similar result to our Seward republicans in November. If the broad shoulders of General Scott were not strong enough to bear the dead weight of Seward in 1852, it is hardly possible that Seward can save his man Morgan io 1858, with a radical aboli- tion and temperance candidate on one shoulder and a conservative American on the other. No- vember, therefore, will probably mark the last of Seward, the last of Morgan, and the beginning of the reconstruction of the opposition for the Presidency upon more conservative men and principles. Tre Cextrat Pank axp its Aprroacnne.— We publish to-day an interesting account of the progress of the Central Park, and the system adopted for the government of the work. The approaches to the park, as well ax all the other outlets of the city, are in a most disgraceful con- dition. Fifth and Eighth avenues, in particular, are absolutely impassable for vehicles. In fact, there is hardly a road in the upper portion of the ieland on which it ie safe to drive or ride, ‘The Street Commissioner should see that contrac. tore who have undertaken to grade these avenues should do eo at once, or forfeit their contract, What isthe use of having « park if we cannot sppeoech it without risking our necks * Our al Expedition to South America. The flag ship of the squadron destined to act against Paraguay, or bring the dictator of the republic to bis senses, sailed from this port on Saturday, having on board our Minister, Mr. Bowlin. The Sabine has been preceded by the steamers Harriet Lane and Dolphin, and will be | joined at the mouth of the La Platta by the frigate St. Lawrence, the sloop Preble, and the brigs Bainbridge and Perry, which now form part of our Brazil squadron. The Fulton and the five steamers chartered for the expedi- tion will sail ina short time, and will join the others at the rendezvous. It is intended that the Fulton shall convey our Minister up the river to Asuncion, there to formulate the demands of our government and submit them to the dictator, Lo- pez. Ifthat gentleman prove obstinate and in- tractable, or if he do not, without dodge, subter- fuge or equivocation, accede to the reasonable demands that will be made upon him, the diplo- matic relations of Mr.Bowlin with Paraguay will be suspended, and the settlement of the matter will be transferred by him into the hands of Commodore Shubrick, who will immediately bring to bear arguments more eloquent than any werds, and which will, no doubt, soon conviace Lopez of the justice of our claims. The equadron, though not imposingly large in point of number of vessels, is nevertheless power- ful enough to overawe these quarrelsome, intract- able little republics of South and Central America. It is destined to act, not against Paraguay alone, but against such other of the governments as will not listen to any other style of argument. There are a great many accounts to be settled al! through the region of South and Central Ameri- ca, and all concerned hac better understand that they are likely soon to be called on for a final settlement. The Sabine—the flag ship of the squadroa—is armed with fifty thirty-two pounders and two tea inch shell guns. The St. Lawrence carries the same weight of metal. The armament of all the other vessels is chiefly composed of eight inch shell guns. The five chartered steamers carry each one gun of this dimension. The forts along the Paraguayan shore will prove but small obsta- cles to the passage of the squadron, which may be expected, other means proving ineffectual, to present itself before Asuncion before many months have passed. The two frigates, however, are too large to ascend the river up to that point. The mission of Judge Bowliais one of peace; but while be carries the olive branch in one hand, he holds the sword in the other. The instruc- tions of our government to the Commissioner to Paraguay are in the nature of a direct appeal to the justice and magnanimity of that government for the adjustment and liquidation of our difi- culties. The idea will be impressed upon Para- guay that the President, as chief magistrate of the United States, has determined to assert the rights of his fellow citizens upon foreign govern- ments, and maintain the national honor, proceed- ing upon the principle to make no demand not founded in justice, and to submit to no wrong. Every possible recourse will be had, compatible with the dignity and honor of our country, in or- der to prevent a rupture between the two gov- ernments. But if, after a limited time, Paraguay ball obstinately persist in refusing to indemnify us for the wrongs of which we complain, then the responsibility must needs rest with her if the American government shall be forced, by a sense of duty and self-respect, into ulterior measures to enforce its demands. The ratification of the treaty of Asuncion will be insisted on, or a new treaty, embodying its stipulations, with the free navigation of the Parsi demanded. indemni- fication for the losses and injuries sustained by the United States and Paraguay Navigation Company. and an apology for firing into the steamer Water Witch, at Itapira, in February, 1855, will be made indispensable conditions for the renewal of our amicable relations. While we are thus giving assurance of our de- termination not to submit any longer to the in- sults of theae little States, nor to excuse the in- dignitics perpetrated on our flag and citizens on account of the weakness of the perpetrators, we bope that resort will not have to be had to that final arbiter, the cannon. We expect that at the Jast hour Lopez will make the necessary apology and reparation. That matter being once closed, we will have time to turn our attention to Nica ragua, New Granada, and such others of these Powers as we have accounts to scttle with; and we expect that the net results of our naval expe- dition to South America will be creditable to the honor of our flag, and profitable to our trade and commerce in those regi Trexorarn Lives to Te Paciere.—The oe tablishment of an overland mail route to the Pacific, so auspiciously inaugurated within the last few weeks, becomes an event of increased importance in connection with simultaneous en- terprises for the laying down of telegraph lines to connect New York with Sen Francisco, A great impetus was given to this idea in the latter city by the reception of the news announcing the laying of the Atlantic cable, which event was to be publicly celebrated there. The entha- siaem will be, of course, considerably dampened by the further intelligence of the partial failure of the Atlantic telegraph; but that will have no effect in stopping the work of connecting the Pacific and Atlantic States by telegraphic wires. The California Legislature passed an act in March, 1858, incorporating the Pacific and At- Jantic Telegraph Company. That company has since been organized, with 9 capital stock of $350,000, of which $250,000 is to be expended in building the line from Sun Francisco to Los Angeles, a distance of six hundred miles, the balance to be reserved for the purpose of ex- tending the line to the eastern boundary of Cali- fornia. Thence to the western boundary of Texas is a distance of only 475 miles. Once at that point, the completion of a continuons line from New York to San Francisco will be « matter of ea: y accomplishment. Another line is about being built by way 0 Placerville to Salt Lake City. The first pole was erected in the former town on the 3d of September, and at the latest: accounts the work was being vigorously prosecuted. That the line will be immediately extended from Salt Lake City to St. Josephs, in Missouri, cannot be doubted, and then telegraphic communication between the Atlantic and Pacity will be an accomplished fact. Still another enterprise has for one of its ob- jects the attainment of the came result. We al- jude to a New York and Havana Company, which is seeking, with good chances of success, the assent of the Spanish government to the pro- jet. The plan contemplated by this company isto lay a submarine cable from Key West to Havana—a distance of seventy miles—and one from Havana to Yucatan—a distance of forty miles--and to continue the bine by land to the city of Mexico. A secondary line is contemplat- ed, to traverse Nicaragua and terminate at Pa- | nama—and then, Tehuantepec and Santiago | being once connected, to extend the line to San | a hundred miles from the latter | pon As telegraph lines, when well managed, are among the best paying speculations, we may reasonably expect that some or all of these en- terprises will be carried to a successful termina- tion within ® year or two. Thus one great de sideratum will be obtained in our relations with the States of the Pacific. The next will follow in due time, in the shape of a continuous line of railroad from New York to San Francisco. The Revival of Trade—When it will Come, and from Where. Why ia it that business does not revive? How is it that trade is so stagnant when money is plenty, crops abundant, labor cheap, and dis- counts easy to be obtained These are questions that come home to every man’s bosom and are on every man’s lips. We have gone through the revulsion, and are now in the slackwater time that precedes reaction. But the reaction does not come. Credit is restored; but a facility of obtaining credit does not lead business men into making large purchases. Some oneidea people lay it to the tariff; but the tariff haa nothing to do with increasing or diminishing the generaldemand for and consumption of grain wud agricultural products. Others again insist that our monetary system is wrong, and one party would mend it by establishing a bullion bank; while others insist that our present bank- ing system is too stringent, and we should resort to a more expansive medium of circulation. These are old ideas resuscitated, and have proved not to solve the difficulty. We have tried high tariffs and low tariffs, sub-treasury and mul- titudinous banks, in past times, and they have not produced the anticipated results. What, then, will cause business to revive? The fact is, that trade cannot revive without some great external impulse. Hopes must be made active in every mind. Commerce of itself is a plant of slow growth, if left entirely to itself; but extraneous influences act upon it like guano upoa an exhausted soil. The history of past revulsions and revivals in trade teaches these truths. We need not go back beyond the memory of the present generation of business men to demonstrate them. The revulsion of 1837 left the country as prostrate, if not more so,as that of 1857, Trade did not revive for ten years. During the interval money accumu- lated at the great centres until in London it was as low as one-half to two per cent per annum. But while business continued stagoant this ple- thora of money produced a fever of speculation in railways, which culminated in England, and burst in 1847. In this country the eight years succeeding the crash of 1837 were years of com- mercial depression, with occasional spasmodic evidences of life. The first impulse to trade was given by the annexation of Texas. New scenes for labor, new sources of supply and new mar- kets for consumption, were opened. The effect was almost immediate; but it was principally felt in the North. Indeed, the annexation of Texas was opposed by a large party in the South, on the ground that it was a measure for the exclu- sive benefit of the Northern States. It was argued that the superior lands of Texas would draw off the slaves from the worn-out tobacco farms of Virginia, and the sandy regions of North and South Carolina, Georgia and Alabama. The spindles of the North and the makera of Yeukee nations tn New England vere és receive the only tangible benefits that would result from the measure. On the heel of Texas came the Mexi- can war and the acquisition of California and New Mexico. Again the South was in opposition. The admission of California would destroy the balance of power in the Senate, and give to Northern trade and industry ag impulse that would bring to it an immense preponderance. But we have seen that, while the anticipations of direful results to the South have been falsified, the effect upon the North has been far greater than was anticipated. Trade in every depart- ment was stimulated. The shipping interest found a remunerative employment ; every spindle was driven day and night to supply the demand for its products ; railroads sprung up on every side to carry men and goods ; cities were built where towns had stood, and villages became towns ; real estate everywhere advanced in value, and in a far greater degree in the Norih than in the South. In England similar results flowed from similar cauves. Annexation in India, and the develope- ment of Australia, consequent upon the gold dis- coveries there, gave an immense impulse to Bri- tish production and British labor. Commerce everywhere felt the influence of the new clements that had been brought to it from impnises ex- traneous to itself. The opening of new scenes for ite developement gave rise to new hopes, and bu- siness revived; healthy speculation, which is the life of trade, set in; prosperity ensued, and specu- lation became feverish, then wild, then mad, and finally culminated in the crash of 1857, But though much that was fictitious passed away then with the hopes upon which it was built, much that was real remains with us, and we are far in advance to-day of where we were in 1848. Our thousands of miles of railway, our great lines of ocean steamships, our magnificent clippers, our brown stone and marble palaces, und the aug- mented value of town lots and country farms, owe their existence to the impulse that was given to trade by the annexation of Texas and Califor- nia; and dull a* business is now, it is ten times greater than it was a few years ago. To eveb another external impulse must we look for another revival in business. Protective tariffs can only temporarily increase the prosperity of one class of producers at the expense of oe} the others. Banks can only gather in large some the minor streams of the hoarded wealth of individuals, and make it available to commerce and production. Neither of these can give em- ployment to labor and create an activity alike beneficial to all. But the admission of Cuba or of Mexico into the circle of our productive and commercial action would at once create new channels for trade and bring an immediate revival of business, It is to the acquisition of Cuba, and the extension of our influence over Mevico, #0 a8 to bring peace and order to her people and productive developement to her immense letent wealth, that we must look for our material pros perity for the next decade of years. The South may look at these questions in their abstract character, and with an eye to their political bear- ing, but the North will look at them in their practical light, and advocate them as such, The North bas received the greater advantage from Texas and California, because she improved at once the material impulse they gave; and in 60 doing she drew greater political advantages trom ‘bem than did the South, So it will be with Ouba and Mexico. The acquisition of either will bring a revival of trade, and this the North » J) most develope to proper advantage. JEREZ AND HIS Missicw.—A Dreromatic Conrt- pence Man.—General Casa has at length, ina very summary and effective manner, solved the difficult diplomatic problem of which Senor Jerez was the monitor. The Senor, it is known, came to Washington several months ago, and repre- sented himself as being fully commissioned by the government of Nicaragua to settle all the pend- ing difficulties between the two governments, to ratify the Cass-Yrisarri treaty, and to make all due apology and reparation in the Belly affair. Well, his plausable manner and statements pro- cured him some sort of recognition in the State Department ; and ever since his arrival we have had daily accounts from Washington of the varying phases of diplomacy which the negotia- tion from time to time assumed, All this time a great point was obtained by the Nicaraguan government in the fact that delay was gained and that matters were not driven to extremities. It was hoped that something might turn up from the diplomatic visit ot Sir Gore Ousely, and from the operations of Monsieur Belly, which would favor Nicaragua and enable it to force its modifi- cations of the Cass-Yrisarri treaty on our ac- cel ptance. Senor Jerez, having so far succeeded in im- posing on our government as to have had a semi- official recognition, thought he could carry on the deception a little further, and undertook, instead of ratifying the Cass-Yrisarri treaty, as he at first proposed, to press the modification thereof on the acceptance of our government. It was then that he revealed his real character, in the shape of a diplomatic confidence man, asserting that he had no power to ratify the treaty. In this apparent dilemma the President acted promptly. He dis- missed the pretended ambassador, and announced his determination not to be bamboozled any longer by such means, but to take prompt mea- sures to bring Nicaragua to her senses. OPeNinG oF THE FaswionaBL¥ AND Operatic Srason.—The present week inaugurates the fall and winter season at the Academy of Music, and commences a new period in the fashionable world. In the circles of the beau monde nothing is talked of except the Opera. The Academy manager, the indefatigable Ullman, plays out his strongest card in the person of M’lle Piccolomini, who represents any amount of princes, popes, cardi- nals and other dignitaries, civil und ecclesiastic. On the other hand, we find Strakosch, the mer curial aud impresible director of the Burton’s theatre troupe, producing a pet of the New York public in the person of Mme. de Wilborst, around whoee public career there is thrown a halo of The operations at Burton’s partake more of the char- acter of ekirmish than of a regular campaign ; but there is just sufficient of excitement about the contest to pique the curiosity of a public romance which is irresistibly attractive. which is given to sudden and extraordinary freaks in artistic matters. The Piccolomini ex- citement haa become so intense that the ortha- pists and philologists bave commenced a fierce contest over the question as to the pronunciation of her name, while ethnological and antiquarian philosophers @iscuss without proper gravity her nationality and pedigree. The Fifth avenue belles so are much excited upon the subject of the opera war that they have even neglected for the mamont ¢y calticlne cach other's clothes, statement has ® manifest air of improbability, but the suthorily upon which it is made seems indubitable, Not only in the opera alone, but in other public amusements there are signs of activity too palpable to be overlooked. In addition to the opera houses there will be during this week no less than seven theatres open in this city, with a legion of other exhibitions of all sorts, from the Dusseldorf Gallery down to the wonderful show of a child with more than the usual allowance of head, arms and legs. The weather, although we have passed through half the autumn, is balmy as midsummer, and our great promenade—seduciang Broadway—is an ave- une of palaces decorated with parterres of flow- ers, natural and artificial. If ever the Goddess of Crinoline held high carnival it is at this mo- ment in the great metropolis of commerce, politics, finance, fashion, folly, frippery and fri- volity. What a contrast from last year at this time! Then Fashion sat groaning in sackcloth and ashes; Mrs. Coupon was called upon to sa- crifice her carriage, sell off her horses, discharge her servants, melt up her plate, cut down her butcher's bills, avoid Stewart's, and pursue the most difficult of studies—economy. The young demoiselles Coupon were plunged in grief by the announcement that there were to be no balls in society—only “sociables,” without supper. Master Coupon took to drink when his allowance was reduced one half; and the pére Coupon die continued his weekly banquets to the men in the banks. The painters smoked dreary pipes in lonely studios, to which no orders came; the “Manager in Distress” was acted in the cov- lissea of every theatre in the city; and the act- ore were all preparing to play the réle of the starved apothecary in “Romeo and Juliet.” Well, it seems that we have got over all these things. They say “in society” that the winter, both here and in Washington, is to be very gay. Certainly everybody is having a fine frolic of it just about now. It is the harvest time of the Broadway merchants, the hotel keepers, milli- ners, jewellers and purveyors of all kinds of lux- uriee, The opera managers are in for their share of the spoils; and, having all the materials for a Jurore of colossal proportions, it would be too bad if they did not get it up. The fashionable and artistic world will therefore be good enough to consider itself excited up to the bounds of propriety asa matter of course, and to prepare for a grand campaign. Miirrary ann Fineen’s Paranes ano Ex. cunstons.—The firemen of this city had « grand torchlight celebration on Saturday night, on the occasion of a visit from a Philadelphia hove com- pany, There has been quite a revival of mili- tary, Gremen and target company shows thie fall ‘This time last year—the most auepicious season for displays of this kind—we were in the middle of the panic, and a sudden stop was put to pa rades and shows of all descriptions One com- pany. we believe, bad the bardihood to turn out, and the parade was generally mistaken for a sol- dfer’s funeral. people natorally supposing that nothing of a less solemn character could Bave produced it. This year the target companies are wut in larger numbers than ever, and we have had more magnificent displays of fire companies, both by night and by day, than ever before, be- sinning with the cable torchlight celebration and ending with that of Saturday night. Celebra- tions of this kind are very costly things, and as theee companicn are composed wninly of me- The chanics, the expense must be pretty onerous, Nearly two hundred thousand dollars must be spent by that class annually on these displays, and of late we have been growing more extrava- gant in our ideas, Some time ago a visit toa nighboring town in our own State was an event; then our military and firemon’s visits extended as far as Washington; but now we go to Canada, and fire companies visit us from Chicago, It is bow no uncommon thing to charter a big steam- ship for an excursion to Richmond or the national capital, and one regiment of New York militia is actually preparing to visit Ireland, while some of our fire companies contemplate a visit te France and England. These facts show what extravagant habits the Americans are acquiring. However, these celebrations circulate the money, and it is all very well until the next panie comes. Losses ny SurpwrecK.—The record of marine losses for the first nine months of this year ex- hibits a very considerable diminution from that of the same period in 1857, both in the number of vessels and the value of property. Probably this is owing to the fact that greater caution is exercised in the management of steamships, or that ocean navigation generally is better under- stood by our seamen, The Atlantic, we are led to believe, has been more tempestuous, violent gales have been more frequent, than in any pre- vious year; yet the number of vessels lost since the commencement of this year was little more than half that of 1857, and the amount of pre- perty lost bears the same proportion. From Jan. 1 to Oct. 1, 1857, the number of vessels lost bound to and from United States ports was 445, and the total value $14,758,300. For the same period this year the number of vessels lost was only 229, and the total value $6,948,391, which includes the unfortunate Austria, valued at $800,000. While this improvement is very gratifying, there is much more to be done, both by in- dividuals and by government, to guard against marine disasters, The governments of England, France and Holland have recently adopted a set of signals with a view to prevent collisions at sea, and Congress should follow their example, for safeguards of this kind, in order to be truly useful, should be universal. There is another duty which Congress should perform in this con- nection. It is well known that the American merchant marine is miserably deficient in able seamen. Most of our vessels are manned either by landsmen or by foreign seamen, who, as a general rule, are a carcless and reckless class of men, many of them half ignorant of the language, and nearly all indifferent as to the safety ot the ships and their cargoes. We want class of thorough seamen for the merchant service, and if we had them there would be less shipwrecks, and there would be no neces- sity for impressing men and forcing them on board ship, as was attempted by a shipping mas- ter the other day on one of our own wharves, Congress should pass a law compelling all our national war vessels and merchant vessels to take a eertain number of boys as apprentices, the num- ber to be regulated in proportion to their arma- ment and their tonnage. By this system we would have a fine force of able seamen in a few years, ready for any emergency which might arise, and always at hand for our merchant marine ser- vice, where they are now so greatly needed. THE LATEST NEWS. INTERESTING FROM THF NATIONAL CAPITAL, Our Special Washington Despatch, DESPATCHRS FROM MEXICO—AFFAIKS IN THE CHH- KOKEK NATION—TROUBLE AMONG THE ABOLITION PROPAGANDISTS—8TEAM CONDENSERS, ETC., ETO. Wasmwaroy, Oct. 17, 1868. Toeut, Ap Catesby Jones ia bere with important despatches from Mr. Forsyth, our Minister lo Mexico. The contenta of them have not yet been made known. Ho loft the sloop-of-war Plymouth at Vera Cruz, whence she would proceed to Tampico to guard the interests of American citizens there until Mr. Forsyth, is ready to return home. Senators Hayne, of South Carolina, Brown, of Mississippi, Gwinn, of California, and General Lane of Oregon, are all here, busy making their arrangements for the winter’s work. George Butler, Cherokee agent, bas arrived in the city. He reports all quiet im the Cherokee Nation, but not likely to continue so long, if the abolitionists are permitted to have full sway there aa they have had heretofore. It seems that these mischievous agitators aro at their old trade out there, busy brewing mischief, and actively engaged im sowing diasension among that people and arraying ove Portion against another, through the instrumentality of their emissaries—wolves in sheep's clothing—who were seut outfor the ostensible purpose of preaching “ peace on earth and good will among men."’ The Board of Mis- sion, that have thoir headquarters jn Boston and carry om all the!r machinations for mischief in that self-righteous and pharisaical city, \t seems have, for some ten or fifteen years, been laboring to impress their Cherokee con- verta with the idea that no slavebolder can enter the kingdom of heaven, and they, through their head agent, a distinguished member of the jilustrioas Jones family, and his subalterne,bave gone on excom- municating all persons guilty of the crying sin of owning and taking care of negroce, burling anathcmas against the heads of the abominable herettes who have the hardness of heart to affirm that slavery is sanctioned by the bible, and exciting the enmity of the poorer class of pure blood Cherokees against the better portion of the population— the wealthy slave owners, composed of half breeds, whites ‘and some pure Cherokess—until the feeling of hostility ia aroused to such an extent ae to threaten serious troubles at the next election. These abolition omissaries have acquired such influence that they were enabled to prevens ‘the passage of @ resolution by the last Cherokee Council, calling on the Boston Board to state what instructions they aout out to their missionaries. | understand the matter will ‘be laid before the Secretary of the Interior for any action he may deem expedient im the premises, and proper means will doubtless be used to avert the threatened ovils. The report of the fight between Palmer's men and the Indians in Oregon is not contradicted bere, ar there is no official information or letters speaking of it. The mail from Washington and Oregon Territories did not connect ‘with the California mail just arrived, ‘The news of the Indians burning grass in the neighbor- hood of Snake river crossing, is not considered important or likely to prove of great inconvenience to Col. Wright's operations, Winter campaign againrt the Indians is com- sidered by army officers as practicable, and it is thought General Harney will prosecwte it Mr. Neemith, Superintendent of Indians in Oregon and Washington, writes to the Department that all the tribes west of the Cascade mountains are peaceable, and that the war is confined to the Indians east of those mountaing ‘The Commissioners of the General Land Office on the 16th inet. tranamitted to the Governor of Missouri two pa. tents, numbered two and three, of swamp and overflowed land#, ceding to said States, under the provisions of the act of September 28, 1860, in the district of lands subject, tosnle at Milan, Missouri, Containing ip the aggrogate ‘77,945.88 acres. A Board of Engineers ond scientific men have been ap- pointed by the Navy Department to report on (Miller's Surface Condenser,” for marine and other engines. The gentlemen composing this board are Samuel Archibald, Engincer-in-Chief of the United States Navy, Chief Engi- neers Henry Hunt, John P. Whipple and Willam & Kverett, There gentiemen are all here, are now making @xaminations, and wi!) report in a few days. For several years past the government has been on. deavoring to find a thorough steam condenser. Congress, in 1851, appropriated five thousand dollars to defray ex. ponses in the examination of qifferont inventions for that purposes. On that cecasion there were exhibited come seventy or eighty different plans, both chemical and me- chanical, The Board of Examinors was composed of J. 0. Qresson, of Philadefphia, and J. Ul, Aloxandor, of Balti«