The New York Herald Newspaper, August 30, 1858, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD. 4aNag6 GORD BENNET®, BRITOR AND PROPRIETOR. OF FULTON AND NASSAU OTS 1 etree [ERALD poo one per oe, 36 oan ‘ak wi Conte per HERALD cvery x : 3 =F f sr ei a i 5 i 1 @ 5 j | ? i (NUE, ar TORR RsrON DENCE, viii Fouston Conaesrompasts aux Pan- ‘Bequasseo vo Sasi 12 Lerrams amp Packaces Has | i a ACADEMY OF MUSIC, Fourteenth streot—ItaLian Orena La POMP AMBULA. DIBLO’S GARDEN, Broadway- Love (7 4s8—ScHOOL ror 4 WEE’ 7 Tae © « THRATRE, Rowers omsicas MarB— Pongo Tux INTELLIGENT APE Ride WALPHLES. RURTOWR NEW THRATEE, Broadway—Teisn Awnassa- por— Bow 70 Par THe bert. ALLACE’S THEATRB, sroadway—Stace Stacce Bar- ssn booster a Wire—Liuseice Bor. LAURA KKEWR'S THEATRE, 624 Broadway—Tae Wu- Lew Voras—Daxcine, 40. BARNUMS AMERICAS Broatway—afier nove ané¢ Uvecing—Tuwwon’s Taearey OF Aut, 08 At mateo Woren-Cvnioerties, £0. ‘WOOlYB SUTLVING Bi ac\ Sf Seoncwar- Srmorur Bones, Dances, &c,--socTHeRN Prant ation Fesriy trina. BECBANLO8 BALL £11 gondw —Nasec Secon bc OSMPRELL WINSTRELS, 444 Scoadway—Eraiori ox Owakavreeiorios, SomGs, Ac G30 Hooras ity BROOKLYN ATHENAOM, Atlantic sy ert—ficroe Bairz, Tee WaGlOLAN AND VERTRILOQUIST, WITH UIs LEARS ED Garasr Binse. New York, Monday, August 30, 1858, The News. By the arrival of the steamship North Star off Tape Race on the afternoon of Friday last we have ews from Europe to the 18th inst., four days ter than the accounts brought by the Canada. Consols at London on the 18th were quoted at 964 2%} for both money and account. At Liver- pool American produce was depressed, and a slight decline in both cotton and flour ia re- ported. The British government has determined to send to Vancouver a detachment of engincers, who wil! erect blockhouses for the safe keeping of gold, build roads and otherwise facilitate the opera- tions of the miners who have flocked to the newly discovered gold regions. The pioneer of a line of steamers to the British possessions is also announced. Very late advices received from the Italian ports at Marseilles represent the whole peninsula to be in a state of great effervesence, and that there were manifest signs of an approaching outbreak. Our Manilla advices are to the 15th of June. Cur- rent clayed sugar, $6. Exchange on England 4s. for six months’ sight bills. By way of Charleston we have news from Havana to the 26th inst. Sagar and molasses had advanced in price. Our correspondent at Sagua la Grande, Cuba, writing on the 12th inst. says :—The health of the native population of this port, strange to say, is not good, owing to the intercourse with foreigners, who improdently indulge in luxuries with which they are entirely ignorant and diametrical- ly opposite to their tastes and constitutions; hence diarrhwa, cholera morbus and yellow fe- ver, whose contagious influences native and fo- reign systems and constitutions are subject. ‘The loss on board foreign vessels is severe, and many of the iahabitants have fallen victims to the scourge. The shipments of sugar and molasses have been very large this year, and leave bat little on hand for export. Great precaution is being ob- served bere towards repelling foreign invasion. The programme of the grand Atlantic telegraph celebration which isto take place in this city on ‘Wednerday vext, so far as it has already been agreed upon, is published in today's paper. The Fire Department has made arrangements for the finest torchlight procession ever beheld in the me tropolis. The entire First division of military, to- getber with the Montreal artillery, who will reach here on Tucedsy, will parade in the civic proces- sion. The German Turners, numbering some six thonaand, and the various German musical societies and clubs, will also participate in the demonstration, A meeting of English, Irish, Scottish and cvlonial re. sidents of Great Britain, convenes this evening to decide what part they will take in the celebra- tion. There is every indication that the event will be signalized by a general suspension of business, not only in New York, but in all the prin, cipal cities and towns throughout the country, An imposing religious service will be per formed at Trinity church on the morning of the celebration. Dr. Ogilby yesterday preached a preli- minary discourse on the laying of the cable, a report of which is given elsewhere. The enthusiasm of the entire community is aroused, and the festival in com- mom vn of the great achievement of the age will undoub@Pily eclipse all former affairs of a similar character A letter from our special correspondent at Salt Lake City, written on the 30th ult., states that an election for members of the Territorial Legislature and county Cflicers was to take place on the Sd inst. Of course the straight out Mormons are largely in the majority ; but nevertheless the Gentile residents had, for the first time in the history of Utah local poli tics, nominated a ticket composed partly of Mormons and partly of Gentiles, Orson Hyde heading the list of candidates for represcatatives. Brigham Young's Mancia!l affrira appear to be in asad plight. The Prophet has heretofore in laced the people to give up their goid and silver, and receive in exchange notes | of the Deseret Currency Association. The Gentile merchants, however, refused to take these notes, ‘thas causing them to depreciate; and the Mormon | lesders finally also repudiated their own drafts. The Indian tribes in Utah are becoming troublesome. It | fs believed that they have been incited to iasubordi- | nation by the Mormons for the purpose of diverting the attention of the army from themselves. Biker. Dr. J. Bondi was inducted into the sacred office of Rabbi of the congregation Anshi Chesed, at | the synagogue in Norfolk street yesterday. A large concourse of spectators askembled to witness the im posing Hebrew services appropriate to the oc sasion. | An account of the ceremonies is given in another | column. | Our Leavenworth correspondent’s letter contains the proclamation of the Kansas Board of Commis- NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, AUGUST 30, 1858. Uscites wht prices were stea“y, and good warmly belt. | Acting committees the amiable pescemeker | The Nicaraguan Diodifications of the Cusr Corn was heavy with sales of about 36,000 bushels at rates given in anotber piace. Pork was in botter request and prices firmer, with sales of mess at $17 25 a 617 40— Ohiehy at the latter figure—and of prime a $16 Bugers were quiet; the rain tended to check sales, which Were confined to smail jobbing lots at unchanged prices. Coffee was steady; the chief sale consisted of « cargo of Rio, embracing 8,600 bags, cn private terms, Freights wore beavy and engagements moderate. New York City Politics—Movements of Par- ties for our November and December Elec- tons. While at their late State Council at Albany the American party have agreed to go up to Syracuse on the 8th of September (the place end day appointed for the Republican State Convention), to see if they oan bring about a coalition between the two parties upoa a com- mon State ticket and Platform, the agents in- terested on both sides have not been neglecting the policy of a combined movement against the democracy in thie metropolis, in our approach- ing November and December elections. In be- half of this combination the following “call” has been put into circulation:— Pusuc Msarirc.—The electors of the city and county of New York, who are tution wee “s “g: On @ protesting peop'e; Who are ia favor of each « change in our State constita- tion as shal require an adovts! cizen to bays been naturalized one year before voung; Who ure in iavor of securiag the rights of legal voters Dy an efficient registry law; Ave who re n fevor of legal safequards against the eportation by foreign govorameots of tivir convicts aad jaupers to our bores; Are requested to meet at Union equere, on Monday, the Oth Cay of September, at seven o'c cok PM. Among the “mixed commission” signing this call are suob potable reformers as Horace Greeley, Joseph Blunt, Erastus Brooks, Simeoa Baldwis, James de Peyster Ogden and others, republicans, Americans, old line whigs, &o. The platform upon which they propose to meet— opposition to the Kansas policy of the adminis- tration; a law requiring the “adopted citizen to have been naturalized one year before voting; aregistry law; and a law against the importation of foreign convicts and paupers’’—make up aboat as modest an abridgment of both the republican and American creeds as either party could de- mand. And we must confess that if the repub- lican anti-slavery platform, when cut down to the simple issue of hostility to the administra- tion on account of the Lecompton constitution, ef ee Daily News innocently inquires, “Why cannot all factions agree to unite, with oue eet of tair and bouorable inspectors, with clean and uue‘uttd ballot boxes, and with peaceable polis, held open for one entire day and evening, with every voter's name and residence register- ed, and with the returns made and published under the oaths of the inspectors, so that for once an honestly elected set of delegates may be preeented at the State Convention, just as a curioeity?” Why not? We suspeot that the intelligent reacer can apewer the question at once; that this thing canno: be done, because of the selfish motives and corrupt practices which, more or less, govern all thse conflicting cliques and factions. But we nevertheless warn these de- mocratic cliques and factions that the city of New York is the most important stronghold of the cemocratic party in the North, and in the whoie country; that if they lore it in the com- ing November election the chances of the par- ty of the Union for the campaign of 1860 will be reduced to the emallest possibilities, and that, from what was accomplished by the fa- sion of the epposion elements last December, and from present appearances, nothing but the inost cordinl rennion and harmony of our wrangiing Gemoeracy will save the city in November from falling into the absolute oc- cupation of the opposition, With regad to the December election we earnestly desire to see a new and independent party --the taxpayers’ party—take possession of the tield. There is no hope for a redaction of the long continued and existing spoils corrup- tions and reckless equanderings from the city treasury sbort of some such indeperdent organi- zation as a taxpayers’ party. But this opposi- tion movement for November is a fusion move- ment for 1860, and if the democracy would meet it and defeat it, they must bury the batchet in the coal hole of Tammany Hall, otherwise their disgusting feuds and equabbles will, perhaps, complete the ruin of all con- cerned. Tue Cosmc Orera Season—EnGaGEeMent or PiccoLomm1—We are glad to announce, on the autbority of Mr. Lumley, the director of Her will not satisfy the no-Popery faction, it will be uscless to make apy further efforts to conciliate them. So, on the other hand, if the rabid enti- Popery, anti Irish Catholic and intensely nativ- ist creed of Know Nothingiem, when diluted to a registry law—a law withholding the elective franchise from aliens until they shall have been one year naturalized—and a law against foreign vagrants, will not satisfy the black republicans then we may pronounce the mildest mixture of antiPopery and anti-slavery an impossible ping. is fusion meeting, it will be observed, is limited to the isenes which will enter into our November election, and, according Majesty’s theatre, that the departure of Mlle. Piccolomini for the United States has been de- finitively fixed, and that she will leave England about the 26th day of September. She will sing Mr. Ullman, who has already introduced many the appearance of Jenny Lind. The announce- principal artists of Her Majesty’s theatre was a mircrable humbug; but still it will further the ends of Lumley and Ullman, and Piccolomini at the Academy of Music, under the direction of musical celebrities to the New York public. So by the middle of October we may expect an operatic furore second only to that caused by ment made by Barnum that he had engaged the to the Tribune, the rpecial object in view is to eend to the next Congress a delegation of members from this city “who, whether personally republicans or Americans, shall oppore all attempts to plant slavery in the federal Territories,’ and to send to the State Legislature such men “‘as will do their utmost to prevent corrupt naturalization and illegal twenty-one years genious and beautiful distinction. The republican and American State Conven- ventions meet at Syracuse on the 8th of Sep- tember; this city fasion meeting upon the plat- form laid down is to come off on the 6th. It may, therefore, be cons‘dered as an initiative experiment in bebalf of fusion at Syracuse, and according to the result here we may anticipate the result there. And here the combination of last December, which reeulted in the election of Mayor Tiemann, suggests anything but the impracticability of the amalgation of our republicans and Know Nothings upon the basis proposed. The scheme of fu- sion advanced has been evidently well considered between the high parties, and that which has been agreed upon between the managers on both sides, it may be assumed will be satiefactory to the bulk of their followers. With the general plan of the combi- nation thus agrecd upon the secondary details of candidates may be readily arranged. It is highly probable, therefore, that even in the event of a failure at Syracuse to bring the republicans and Americans together upon a common State ticket, the two partiesin this city will eecure a coalition upon their candidates for Congress and the Legislature. In this view, how stand the democracy, and what are their Preparations for the November election? If they are defeated in that election, they will be defeated also in the municipal election of De- cember, and thus upon federal, State and city | issuee and spoils they will go to the wall. The prestige of invincibility, which had previously belonged to the democracy of this metropolis, was destroyed in last December's election. The result pointed out the fature policy of the oppo- sition factions, not only in this city, but throughout the State, and throughout the Union; and we perceive that, here and elso- where, they are profitting from the instructions of their successful experiment here of last De- cember. How, then, stand our city democracy, and what are they doing? Are they » compact and united party, or do they remain cnt up into little personal cliques and rival spoils factions inside and outeide of Tammany Hall? Let us see. “ The General Committee of each couaty” is authorized to appoint the mode acd manner Sioners appointed to canvass the retarns of the re ent election held in that Territory. It will be seen from the official vote that of 13,088 votes cast but 1,788 were given for the “Fnglish proposition.” ‘The Commissioners have therefore declared that ‘the people of Kansas do not desire admission into the Union with the Lecompton constitution under Abe conditions set forth in said proposition. As the season approaches for the annual exhibi- tions of agricultural products, the letter ot our cor respc tent at Bt. Louis, giving some account of the preperations making in that city for holding the fair of the Bt. Louis Agricultural and Mechanical Aveociation, will be found interesting. The list of prem! a8 amounts to $21,000, the largest evor givon ‘Dy «ny society in the country, and it is distributed ‘Over every department of agricultural, manufac. er og and commercial industry. ‘Th. csles of cotton on Saturday embraced about 1,000 Derive comng firm at about 1280. for middling apiands. Tick: saa lem buoyaut and active: rejected and com. ‘Ton \ran ts of Hate and Western wore heavy, while other Comoriyvone were firm and im fair demand; Southern Beane: of Good to extra grades, were not plonty and the faerke\ ire, Wheat was tm fair request, bat sales were a —Ci<‘CONOCOCC((itittOtétiwdé#({[]jw. ee of the election of delegates to the Syracuse Convention; but who constitute the General Committee of this county? There is a Tam- many General Committee, of which P. B. Sweeney is Chairman; there is an anti-Tammany General Committee at Mozart Hall, of which Alderman Thomas Stephens is Chairman; and there is a third committee, claiming to be the “ Regulars’ General Committee,” whose head quarters is at Free Masons’ Hall, Bowery, and of which Geo. C. Genet is Chairman; and it ap pears that each of these committees, ae the legi- timate authority, has been maleing arrangements for the election of seventeen delegater to Syra- couse. But then, again, it appears that the General Committee is only authorized to act in the pre- mises when there is not in existence an Aesem- bly District Committee, and that “in some, at lesst, of the districts of the city” it is claimed a committee of this sort, bere aod there, may be found. Ln view of all these rival cliques and con- voting.” Massa Greeley further assures us that “every republican who unites in this attempt may hold the doctrine of no more slave States if he sees fit, as every American may insist on a residence preliminary to naturalization, or even oppose any nataraliza- tion at all;” but these are extra individual privileges which are not to appear in the com- mon platform of the holy alliance—a very in- contracting will undoubtedly make a greater furore by coming alone than if she were attended by a number of other artists, who would, at first, divide public attention with her. We say at first, because Mile. Piccolomini’s overwhelming triumph in this country is beyond peradventure. She is youthful, beautiful and engaging; she exerts over her audience a degree of magnetiem meny. As we have already stated, Mile. Pic- colomini poseesses all the requisites to raise our mercurial and gallant people to the highest pitch of excitement. She has, we are told, the greatest anxiety to visit the United States, and we have no doubt that she will renew with us her transatlantic triumphs. She is younger and handsomer than Jenny Lind; and is, withal, ® splendid actress, shining equally well in the concert room or upon the stage, We shall have, when Piccolomini makes her début, such a mustering of the crinoline, the Opera cloaks, the kid gloves and all the other fashionable fripperies as will make the Broadway shop- keepers emile at their profits—a luxury in which, by all accounts, they have not been able to indulge for some time. Better than all, with Maretzck to commence with Mme. Gassier, and Uliman to follow with Piccolomini, we shall have a good four or six months Opera sea- fon, and we may reasonably expect that the Opera, the most agreeable, refined, artistic, soothing and fascinating of public amusements, will become permanently established in our midst. Please then to get ready for Picoolo- mini hats, Piccolomini cloaks, Piccolomini everything. Taz Taxravens’ Panty—Noy-raxravens Serrorrrxe It.—We publish to-day two com- munications which {indicate the fact that it is not alone the property owning class who are arousing themselves to resist the monstrous course of plunder which has been carried on for yeers in our city goverament ; those who pay no direct taxes, but who begin to feel that they are compelled to bear their portion of the onerous burdea in the ehape of rent, are taking the matter up also. It is evident that if the property of the landlords is heavily taxed, they must advance the rents on the tenants, so that, in fact, every individual in the city, except the officeholders and their hangers on, whether he pays direct taxes or not, is a victim to the plun derers. Every one of that numerous class, then, is interested in organizing an independent manici- pal party, and supporting it manfully at the next election. All the voters of the city against the class of rowdice, ward rufans and public plun- derers who now control the government, would make a formidable opposition that could not fail to prove successful in purifying the body corporate. Let the organization proceed in every ward in the city, so that it may be pre- pared either to make its own nominations in November, or carry into office the best men, and no others, from whatever tickets may be presented by other parties, Of couree the bit- terest opposition may be expected from oorrupt politicians and petty partivan sheets; that is quite natural ; having nothing to subsist on but public plunder, they cannot afford to part with it. But euch opposition will go for very littie if the people determine to protect their in- feresta, Fuston—The Hon. Mases Greeley and the Hon. Booby Brooke, the younger, having agreed upon # basis of fusion, anti-slavery and anti Popery, let ail concerned “remember, remem ber, the 6th of September” Thurlow Weed will probably be om band with bis “statistics” oa wool.” that has not been equalled since Malibran. She is a magnificent actress, as well as a first claes singer, and her engagement has been the alvation of the London Opera for the past two or three seasons. It was our pleasure to see the excitement created by Piccolomini at her délut in Italy, and in the course of an ex- perience of many years we have never seen anything equal to it. This triumph was re- peated over and over again in London, in Paris, in the provinces of England and in Ger- Vitsourt Treaty—Furthor Insults to the United States, We publish in another colnmn tie decree of the Covostiturat Acembiy of Nicsragua, modi- fyipg the Cuse-Yrirsrri treaty, «nd adding an additional article thereto, az the conditions of its ratification, in pursuance of the recommen. dations of President Martinez, after the origi- nal treaty had been once ratified by that ar remb'y. In order to give a clear view of there mcditications we iosert in paraltel colamns the origivel suet modified artiolee, prosentiag the alterations mode by Nicaragua in itallos;— ovwavar Art Io Pre United Staten hereby aerce to extend them protecaive wo all euch roules Cf COMMUEKELCS BS Bore enid ord to euarertes the Leudas} cf the came. Tary aco egree to erploy thelr wtieezee wtb crber rations W IRC Ue Rew Lo guareLtce suoh nettrality end proteo tion. And ths repubiic of Nica- undertek: 8 twe free porte, Boat each of the cxtremi- Orts Bo toutage Or other twren toe AUantc and Peci- cuties eball be imposed or fic oceazs At these ports tevied by the goverpmert of wo cther tonnage or M cn the vessels of be Uvitee States, or or any effects or merchandise be- longing to cit'zene or sub ects of the United States, or pon the vessels or eff-cts of any otber country inveud ed bene fide for traveit ecrcea ihe eaid routes of communication and not for coreumption within the re- public of Nicaragcs. Tre United States shail also be at liberty to carry troops and munitions of war, in y tation of said troops and mu. [Te rest of this articic nitions of war ‘was not altered.) wee 4d The first modification made here of “one free port at each extremity of one single route,” in- stead of “two free ports, one at each of the extremities of the communications,” is mere)y a quibble euch as schoolboys delight in, and has no significance whatever. The second modifica- tien of this article, however, is a virtual abro- gation of the entire treaty, and a denial of the great point insisted upon by the United States. The stipulation of our government is, that Nica- ragua ehall not impose, either directly or indi- rectly, in virtue of its right of domain, any tax upon the merchandise of avy nation in ite transit through its territory. This point is the key to the whole policy of the United States toward the republics of the American isthmus, and is where the two governments come in conflict. All the isthmus governments cling to the idea that jhe right of territorial sovereignty involves the right $o impose a kind of seniorage upon the transit of merchatdise through their domain. This claim is in direct opposition to the admitted principles of the law of nations on this point, which is thas laid down by Vattel, in stating how a nation ought to use its right of domain:— travolig over the earth in order to havo commenter tuon with each other, for carrying on trade and other just reasons. fhe master ofa country may ovly refuss the Particular cocattons—where he finds it - Sic or Gangeroun. Ho ough thn to grant efor wl fond causes whenever he it without incoavenionce to himself. And he cannot lawfuily aitix burdensome condi tions to @ concession which he is @dtized to perform, and which be cannot refuse who would discharge his duty and not abuse his right of property. In seeking to amend the Case-Yrisarri treaty #0 that it should confer upon Nicaragua the right to impose such taxes as the United States may agree to, it seeks to overthrow the great principle of free transit for which we are con- tending with New Granada and Nicaragua, and may yet have to contend for with Mexico and Honduras. The third modification of this article, relating to the stipulated right of transit for troops and munitions of war, is a technical assertion of the right of eminent domain, car- ried to its superlative expression. After insist- ing upon the giving of previous notice by our government, it not only requires that thoy shall not be intended for service against nations friendly to Nicaragua, but that they shall not be used against the Spanish American republics in any case, whether friendly to Nicaragua or not. This curious stipulation springs from the chimera of an alliance of all the Spanish Ameri- can republics against the encroachments of the “all-devouring republic of the North.” The modifications of the sixteenth article of the treaty are as follows:— zene 3, A " if £827 A g i i i j i iW Bes i ae ii f ie ze = : i d ii i tl i i - necessity of intervention for the security and protection of persons and property passing over the Isthmus—or when such intervention shail cenre—and reduces the United States to the Porition of a simple tool in the hands of Nica- ragua. Past events in the history of Central America, and of all Spanish Amerioa for the Jost thirty years, are not culoulsted to give great moral weight to this demand on the part of Nicaragua. But the additional article which Nicaragua insiete upon adding to the treaty with the United States was wanting to cap the climax of ite pretensions. It is as followe:— States abail revere the fermen tn eal Slaten of Caps, Citions oF armaments againat Nicaragua, even an ter pre. text of aiding any of wo partion which may exist in the This insolent etipulation that the goverrment of the United States eball fulfil ite obligations ander the admitted law of nations, is the oficial repetition by the Constituent Aseembly of Ni- caragua of the insniting terme of the declare. tion appended by Presidente Mora and Marti nez to the Belly negotiations, Notwithstanding all that the government of the United States bas done for the protection of Nicaragua against Walker ard hie school of Olibusters, the official bends of both Nicaragua and Corta Rica de ciated to the governments of Eorope that the government of the United States officially pro- teoted the fiting oyt of filibyster expeditions againet Nicaragua. The aseenibled wisdom of tbat republic comer now with a proposition to insert in a treaty between the two governments & tacit admission on the pert of the United Statee that it has pot done its duty. No other interpretation can be given to » stipulation which is simply @ reiteration of an admitted principle of the laws of nations, It was the duty of our government, on re- ceiving the intulting decleration of the Presi- dents of Costa Rice and Nicaragua, to demand an immediate and categorical explanation of it; in tact, to force those ignorant officials publicly to retract nnd eat their own words; aod if this was not done at once and without hesitation or evasion on their part, to recall Gen. Lamar and send home their Ministers in Washington. A suspension of amicable relations with them, and a simple bat unzealous enforcement of our neutrality laws, would supereede all necessity of any further demonstrations against them. We doubt not that Mr. Buchanan has demanded such an explanation, and that he will exhibit & proper energy in the reeentment of the insult to the good faith and honor of our government. The insolent character of the modifications and additions to the Cass-Yrisarri treaty call for other energetic reproof to the foolish gov- ernment of Nicaragua. Martinez is proving himself to be the King Bomba of America, and deserves to be dealt with accordingly. The New Treaty with China—Lnportance of 1 the Event. Of the many important events that bave been crowded into the bistory of these latver times, that which exceeds ail the rest in the magnitude of its consequences to the larger portion of the buman race isthe opening to the trade of all nations of the great empire of China, after its baving been hermetically sealed for countless centuries. In the universal feeling of joy and ex- citement which the establishment of telegraphic communication between Europe and America has evoked, this other great event of the age has failed to awaken in the public mind that de- gree of astonishment and enthusiasm which, under other circumstances, it must have elicited. We have not got over the effects of the succese- ful achievement of science ia the matter of the Atlantic telegraph enterprise sufficiently to realize the other grand achievement of arms and diplomacy in the matter of opening the Central Kingdom to the commerce, enlighten- ment and civilization of Europe and America. But, by-and-by, we will begin to appreciate that which has taken place in the Yellow Sea and on the banks of the Pei-Ho, and. to regard the issue of those events as of little less impor- tance to the world than the work performed he- tween the eastern and western shores of the Atlantic a monoth later, by the Niagara and Agamemnon. The one is a fitting accompani- ment to the other. The Atlantic telegraph has even bad its importance and atiiiiy magni- i fied in the public estimation from the auspicious fact of its having made known to us, in the first busines despatch sent through the cable, that peace had been made with China; that the oldest, most popolous and most exclusive empire in the world was open to the trade of all foreign Powers; that the Christian religion was allowed in all parts of the country, and that foreign diplomatic agents were te be admitted in its ports and at the scat of government. The only doubt that obtrades itself on the mind in connection with this matter arises in re- gard to the full meaning of that phrase of the despatch which informs us that the Chinese Em- Pire is open to the trade of all foreign Powers. Does it mean that all restrictions on trade and commerce, internal aod external, further than the usual Custom Houee restrictions, are removed, and that all parts of the empire are open to the subjects and citizens of all nations—that our steamers may ply without let or hindrance the great Yang-tze Kiang, and that our people may exchange commodities with the hundred mil- lions of industrious Celestials to whom that great river isthe avenne of trade? Does it mean that Yankee and British bargemon may navigate the great canal; that American and Britich capital and enterprise may be invested in building railroads from Pckinin the north to Canton in the south, and in establishing tele- graphic communication from ene end of the populous empire to the other? If it means all this, then, indeed, have Lord Elgin and Baron Gros obtained more than we could have expect- ed them to ask; and then are they entitled to the thanks of thecivilized world. Even if it only means that, inetead of foreign commerce being limited to five porta, as by the treaty of 1842, all the seaports of the empire havo been de- clared open, then much has been guined by the allied admirals or ambassadors; for the great difficulty of trade in China is the costly carriage of goods from the five open ports to the large and widely extended consuming districta, in dull sailing junks, and against the prevailing mopecons of the coasts and the strong currents of the rivers. We can hardly think that the allied ambarsa- dors would have been content with such terms, and it is almost as difficult to believe in their havieg obtained from the jealous government of China the unrestricted privileges conveyed in the idea of the whole empire being thrown open to the commerce of all nations, It may be, however, that in exchange for such @ concession the Emperor has been promised the aid of the French and British forces to put down the rebellion, and to restore his aathority throughout the whole of his do- minions, That, indecd. might be an indace- ment strong enough to outweigh all the consi- derations arising from respect for the ancient policy of the empire, and to lead the Chinese government to aseent to the breaking down of those ramparte of prejudice and exclusion that have been guarded with euch jealous care from the very foundation of the government, All things considered, we incline to the opinion that the terms of the treaty as telegraphed from London are to be interpreted in their widest sense—that the whole Empire of China is thrown open to the trade and intercourse of foreign nations, avd that the Christian religion is permitted to be taught and practised without restraint. If #0, are we not justified in saying that this treaty of peace with China is fraught with the mort important consequences to mankind? Who can estimate tho impetus that will be given to our commerce, our mannfactures, and our productions of every kind, when we are petmitted to find @ market for our commodities among a comparatively wealthy and enlight- ened population that ie numbered by husdreds of millions, and in « country lying contiguous to our Pacific porseesions? We are told that there are cores of native merchants in the bongs of Osnton and Shanghae, whore wealth is not inferior to that of our Astora and Poa- bodye; and whea we cousider the immense movement of the internal trade of China, we. Capnot be curprised at such satatement. Leg that trade be opened to the whole world, #@ wo are told that it now is, and its effect on foreign commerce will be immediately felt, and by ae nation more than by the United States. Oar imports from China in 1856 amounted to nearly ten und a half millions of dollars, and our ex- ports fo only two millions and « half. The difference of eight millions had to be paid im specie, almost wholly silver. That balance im trade against us will dicappear so soon as we enter into an unrestricted interchange of com- modities with the Chinese. At present we only send them eome manufactured cotton goods lead to a considerable extent, the root kaown in trade 2s ginseng, and come other matters of trifling value. There should be, however, and no doubt will be, «splendid market thore for our mechanical implements, and for all sorta of Yankee notions, to say nothing of our cora, flour, and other products, for a scarcity of provisions is not unusual in China. This trade will develope still further the necessity for a Pacific railroad, and will make San Franoisoo the cecond great port of the United States. Other nations will also, of course, exchaage their commodities with the Chinese; and thus the ‘mmense érain of eilver to that country, in pay- ment for their teas and silks, will be seusiity diminished, if not eventually stopped. Tue annual flow of silver from Europe and Ameria inte Avia is pot less than sixty millions of doliurs; and as there is a law in Chine forvid- ding its exportation, ita consequent scarcity io the great monetary ceutres of trade is cometimes seriously felt, The trouble in that respect wid be immediately relieved by the payment of the expenses of the war, which China is to refund te France and England, and will be rendered impossible hereafter by the establishment of eomething more like a just balance of trade. Webave no doubt that by many of our readers the withdrawal of all restrictions on the ex- ercise and propagation of the Christian re- ligion in China will be regarded a8 by far the most important concession obtained by the treaty. The population of China is estimated to be something like one-third of that of the + whole earth. The people are docile and intelli- gent toa remarkable degree, and therefore no better field could be opened to missionary ope- rations. Neverthless, the Chinese seem to have a greater respect for practice than they have for precept, as was ehown by their sending to the allied fleets at Taku tracts which had been soattered on shore, remarking that their teack- ings were good, and that the Freach and Haglish were evidently in necd of them. Would it be too much to anticipate the growth and influence of English and Ame- rican newspapers in the chief cities of China, the connection of all the important points of the empire by railroads, telegraphs and tiver steamers, and the estabijshment of weekly lines of steamers and of s sub-ma- rine telegraph line to San Francisco? The -very idea has something strange and wonderful about it, and yet it is by no means so strange as that some twenty years hence may not see it realized in all its points, The barrier of pre- jadice and exclusion being thus broken down in China, the same thing must soon follow in Japan, and—the revolt in India being suppressed—all the teeming millions of the Asiatic continent will be then brought into contact with the ea- lightenment of the Western world. It is no ex- aggeration, therefore, to say that, under these various arpects, the recent treaty with Chins is one of the greatest events of this age, prolific as it is in triumphs of science and civilization. No Quarter to Dover.as.—It is given out im the newspapers that Hon. Alexander H. Ste- phens, of Georgia, who went out to Illinois lately as peacemaker between the Douglas and anti-Douglas democracy of that State, has given it up asa bad job, and returned home in de- spair. In support of this view of the case, the Chicago Herald (auti-Douglas organ) Baysi— “We are bound, under any circumstances, to make this fight to the end. Stephen A. Douglas cannot be reelected to the Senate. Saltpetre cannot save him. The people of Washington may rely confidently on this. Mr. Douglas will not be allowed to triumph over Mr. Buchanan.” We bave no doubt of the truth of these re- marks. The united opposition of Illinois in 1866 against the united democracy, on the Go- vernor, polled a heavy majority. What chance then has Mr. Douglas against the united oppo. sition now, with the addition of a determined wing of his own party against him. Of course the opposition will carry the State, and after the thing & ‘one the democracy of Lilinois, like the party in New York after the Van Buren split of 1848, will be left to patch up a recon- ciliation if they can. And thus ends the final chapter of Mr. Douglas and his Kansas Nebras- ka bill. Within a month or two be will have had cnongh of “popular sovereignty” to Inst him the rest of his life. Tun ArnicaN Staver at Cuartzston—A Case ror tHe Revivatisrs or tun Stave Trape.—The brig Echo, which, with three han- dred Africans on board, was captured the other day off the north coast of Cuba by the United States brig Dolphin, and carried into Charleston harbor, presents very interesting case for the consideration of the advocates of the revival of the Africen trade. Unquestionably the admit nistration will enforce the law in this case; but if the believers in the legality of the African trade of the late Southern Commercial Conven- tion school are desirons of trying the question, now is their time. They should not consent to the loss of those three hundred niggers without at least an effort to make them the test question of the lawfulness of the traffic, according to the theory of State rights and Southern nullif- cation. Wren 1s tun Covmrrrre?—Can any of the sages or eachems of Tammany Hall tell us which is the General Democratic Committee of the county of New York, authorized to provide for the election of delegates to Syracuse? We are all waiting for information, Brxrn Concrmetowat Dirricy oF Omo.—The Demooratie Convention of the Sixth Congressional District, mot at Georgetown, on the 26th inst., and after an exciting com teat between the Lecompton and ant! Lecomptoniten, nom nated Wm. Howard, ant Lecompton, as their oandidassa ‘The choice was made on the fifty-third batiot, Axortee Natoonat Horse Snow.’ raisers of Michigan have made errengeneate their first national exhibition of imported bloo¢ the American breed of horses, at Kal 12th, 13th and 1th days of October next, maiom lis} ranges from $10 to $250, and is te exhibitors from the Canadas and other British paeatte sa The exhibition will be under the super- iitendence of the Kalamazoo Town A Imral Bo- ciety, of which Charies E. Stuart te ‘Present George F. Kidder, Secretary,