The New York Herald Newspaper, August 13, 1858, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD. JaMES GORDON BENNETT, EDITOR OFFICE N. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU STS. TERMS, cok tn atrance. FHE DAILY ZEKALD. +20 conte per copy, $1 per ann THE WEEKLY HERALD. every iy, at wine conta per sepy,tor 3 per annum, the Bw Eedition $4 per annum, to Feed Britain, or #8 to any mart ef the Continent, jh to Hm ade THE FAMILY HERALD, every Weinewluy, at four cents per annie ORT ONTINT CORRESPONDENCE, containing ¢mportant feiss, solicited from any quarter of the world; if wsed, will be Lal SENT vs. “So HOTIOE token of anonymous communications, ‘We do return i MLDVERTISEMENTS renewed every day: advertisements in- serted in the Warkiy Wenacn, Fawity Gnd tn the verve and European "i ’ O20 PRINTING executed with neatness, cheapness and dis pate 3 —— Veieme XXIII AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING, SISLO'S GARDEN, Brosaway—Wast Exo, on tram Inisa Harness. BOWERY THEATRE, Rowery—Tae Tuxee Guanpsuen— Four Loy sna—a0. ALLAOK’® THEATRE, Broadway--O'Fianmigan aN var f simes—Tunice Minnice—Yaoxae HOUSEKREFER. METROPOLITAN HALL, 565 Brosdway—Prencs Tara ween Mami a fa Vite —La Fics Teeginix, BARNUM'S AMERIOAN MUSEUM, Broadway—After oon and evening -Magic, VenTesLoquisa Amp Ougiositixs WOOD'S BUILDING, 661 and 683 Broadway—Eratoriax Bones, Danons, £0.—Vincixia Mumay. MECGANIO® HALL, 473 Broadway—Barants’ MinsTe eis Nacho Macopiss any Buaixsquas—Hor or Fasiion. JONRS' WOOD, Sixty sixth street—Maxwora Musicat Fes- nv, Mew York, Friday, August BAILS FOR BUROPE. @we New York Herald—Edition for tturope. ‘The steamship Vanderbilt, Capt Lefevre, will leave this Port to morrow, at noon, for Southampton and Havre. ‘The European matis will close in this city at haif-past tea o'clock to morrow morning. ‘The European edition of the Hxniro, printed in French ed English, will be published at ten o'clock in the tmeruing. Single copies, in wrappers, six cents. Subscriptions and advertisements for any edition of the Wew Youx Huzatp will be received at the following place fo Barope— ‘Tae contents of the European edition of the Hrnaw ‘will combiBe the news received by mail and telegraph at tae office daring the previous week, and up to the hoar of Pabioation. Revival of Businces—Vast Increase of Ciren- lation. During the last few days about fifieen thousand addi- (onal sheets have been added, to the already vast daily sirculation of the Hxrarn. This we take to be a symptom of the approaching revival of business ia this great metro- polls. © the Atlantic Telegraph Mine should be successfully es- tabdliched, and the new Dorado on Frazer river turn out to be acthentic, there will be o rapid revival of busi- meee throughout the commercial world. We should not be surprised if, under the coming new era cf developement, the circulation of the New Yore Herscp should rise toa daily circulation of 150,000, or even 200,000. The past justifies the future, Now is the time for fresh men of enterprise to begin their movements. ‘The News, The steamship Star of the West, from Aspins vi via Key West, arrived at this port yesterday, with $1,500,000 in treasure from California, the semi monthly Pacific mails, and about three hundred pas- sengers. The advices brought by this arrival have been anticipated by the St. Louis, which arrived on Wednesday. Oar files and letters from New (Granada, dated at Bogota on the 6th of July and at Aspinwall on the 3dof August, confirm the report of the ratification of the modified Cass-Herran treaty by the Legisla- ture, and also throw some light on the motives which actaated the mem ers in their support and opposition to the convention. A correspondent of an Aspinwall paper, writing from San Juan dei Norte on 18th July, states that the Transit Commodores cannot long blindfold the Nicaraguan government to the true interests of the country. He gives what purports to be a true re port of the travels and difficulties endured by the late Vanderbilt envoys who went with the cash. ‘The writer is of opinion that General Walker will soon return to Nicaragua. Mr. Balas, the Spanish Consul at Key West, was drowned at that place on the 27th ult. We have news from Jamaica, dated at Kingston on the 26th ult. Our correspondent writes that a meeting of the inhabitants was held on the 23d ult to petition the British®government not to withdraw the Cuban squadron, and to make some arrange ments with the United States government on the subject. The petition was to leave on the 27th ult. by the mail steamer. The accounts from the mines were very satisfactory and encouraging The weather was very warm. The British steamer Devastation and gunboat Skipjack were in port. The gunboat Lapwing, from Eng land, arrived on the 20th ult., and left on the 2ist for Havana, with despatches for Admiral Ste wart. The market had experienced a little specu lative feeling, but not sufficient to cause any uno sual activity,except in flour and corn, of which large quantities had changed hands. Produce re mained dull. We have files from Bermuda to the Jd inst. The dry state of the weather that prevailed up to the middle of July had been effectually relieved hy « fall of unusually heavy and continuons rains. Vege tation had magically improved by the change : the whole face of the country presented an appearance of the richest verdure, and the planting of cnttings from the sweet potato was progressing most indua triously. In the House of Assembly on the 2d inst. | a resolution was introduced making a grant of mney | for promoting immigration, which was read a fire time ‘The steam frigate Niagara, of the Atlantic tele graph fleet, left St. Johns at five o'clock on Wednes day evening for New York. It is expected that sh will arrive here on Sunday next. The second meeting of the Joint Committee cho- Ben by the Common Council to make appropriate arrangements for the celebration of the laying of the Atlantic cable, took place yesterday. The va rious subcommittees reported that the music, tar Barrels, &c., would be on hand when requisite. A motion was passed requesting the Telegraph Com pany to transmit through the great cable, as the se- cond message, a salutation from the city of New York to the city of London. The Committee ad- journed till one o'clock to-day. Some interesting particulars of the recent dif culty between the Merced Mining Company of Mati posa, California, and Colonel J. C. Fremont's agents and the attempt of the former to seize the Pine Tree Vein, which was being worked by the latter, will be found in another column. It will be seen that Colo ne! Fremont stoutly maintained his rights. and that the Governor, by prompt action, sneceoded in put ting down the rioters. The Commissioners of Health held their daily ses tion yesterday, and received a report concerning the | fuccessful negotiations with Mr. George Olney for barges to be used at Quarantine. A petition from | the captain of the schooner W. C. Marston, asking to be permitted to discharge the balance of cargo on lighters, for the citw, was denied. General order q@ere given oor eeenintion boy erence tot nme g vessels in Quarantine, and a | elee betokens a resumption of trade val of ome unaound cheese now lying on the bulk. head at pier No. 8 East river, having been passed, the Board adjourned. The Board of Supervisors did not organize last evening for want of a qnorum. This is the third in- effectual attempt made to meet this week. There seems to be some disposition to prolong the passage of the tax levy, as there are certain items very ob- jectionable to the principles of many members of the Board. It is also said that there is a difference of opinion as to the necessity of amending the tax levy by inserting an additional appropriation of $300,009 for the Commissioners of Record. The cotton market yesterday continued qu'st, ant gsios Were confined to 300 a 400 bales, without change iz quo'a- tions. There was a disposition among dealers to await the receipt of private letters dus by the Niagare before doing much, Flour was some tesa active, avd rejectel superfine brands of Mate and Western ware easier, while Sood to extra standard graces were Srmer. Wheat was firm for all good to prime quaitdes, while infartor grades were dull. The eales embraced about 60,000 bushels ,at priets given in another column. Corn was in goot sup. Ply and fell off about two cents per bushel, with sales of ‘unsound to good and gound Western mixed a! 70: a S5c.; Southern white at 68c., and Southern yellow at 962. Pork ‘was without change of importance. Tne eules embraced ‘Wess at $17 60 and prime at $16. The recent depression m the sugar markct, caused mainly by the temporary ab: setce of demand, caused purchasers to reappoar ta the market yesterday, who bought freely, oansing a reaction © prices, which at the close measurably recovered [rom the previous decline, The sales embraced about 1,509 bhds, and 5,200 boxes at prices given in anotuor place. Nearly one-third, it was aaid, was bought oc account of « Montreal refining house. Freights continued wishout aai mation, while engagements were to @ moderaio extent ai rates given elsewhere. The Miiacts Campaign—Senator Trumbuil's Speech—Hot Work all Round. 4 We publish at length this morning the late comprebensive and interesting epeech of Mr. Senator Trumbull at Chicago, giving the repub- lican side of the picture of the Illinois cam- paign, in all its strongest lights and shades. From the tone and temper of this curious and ferocious epeech, and from the equally violent war of extermination which has been raised among the Lecompton democracy of Illinois against Mr. Douglas, the reader will perceive that “the Little Giant” has placed himself be- tween two raking fires, from which he can only escape destruction bya miracle. His Senatorial colleague, in the epeech under review, has given him a shot between wind aad water on “popu- lar eovereignty,” which, in itself, ought to be sufficient to sink him. Our readers will recollect that during the Lecompton discussion in Congress we pointed out the inconsistency of Mr. Dow glas in 1857-"8 as compared with his line of action in the Senate in 1856. Mr. Trumbull boldly ané pointedly raises this issue against hie colleague, and says that in 1856 Mr. Douglas was an active participant in the bill of Mr. Toombs, under which a plan was provided for securing a Stete constitution for Kansas and her admis. sion into the Union under it, dispensing with the submission of said constitution to the popu- lar vote. To this charge, thus pointedly raised against Mr. Douglas by his colleague in the Se- nate, who ought to know something upon the fubject, we must leave “the Little Giant” him- self to reply; but the facts and the testimony appear to be overwhelmingly against him. Mr. Douglas is now in the position, at all evenis,in which he can comprehend the suicidal folly of his abandoument of the administration to follow the shadowy abs.raction of “popular tovereignty.” His “manifest destiny” is that of Calhoun, Rives, Tallmadge, Van Buren, Ben ton, and others who have attempted, from time to time, to prostrate the policy of the adminis. tration which they could not control. How different would have been the position of Mr. Douglas had he not allowed himself to be frightened by what his facetious colleague calls “the Fremont thunder” of 1856! From the Kansas question Mr. Tramball passes to a review of the Southern “despotism” which prevails at Washington, and to the federal extravagances of the democracy and Mr. Bu- chanan’s administration—in regard to all of which we must remember that Mr. Trumbull is playing the part of a stump speaker, and not the grave, deliberate and careful rile of a statesman. His Custom House statistics, how- ever, are very curious and remarkable, and suggertive of an immense batch of spoils and lobby jobs, which have grown up under the fos- tering care of the spoilsmen and lobby jobbers of Congress, until they need a general pruning down. For all of this, however, Congress, and not the President, is the responsible party. The fault is in our revenue and custom house job- bery system, and not in the Executive Depart- ment—the duty of which is to administer the lawe. Upon the question of the disposition of our free negro population, Mr. Trumbull adopts the idea of Eli Thayer—to wit: the colonization of Central America with these people. He thinks that region well adapted for the negro race—and there can be no doubt of that; and | Nicaragua, besides, would be a much more con- venient settlement for the American Coloniza tion Society than Liberia. Bat it will be time enongh to discuss thie proposition when it shall have assumed a more definite shape. The re marks of Mr. Trumbull upon this point are only valuable for the present, as showing that his sympathies with the negro philanthropists do not extend to the full measure of negro equality and negro amalgamation. On the contrary, he tells us that the republican party is “the white man’s party”—-a hint which we commend to the special consideration of Mr. Seward, Thurlow Weed and the Hon. Massa Greeley, inasmuch as the republicans of New York, believing niggers to be a homogeneous party, ought to stand upon the same platform with their brethren of Mlinois. We eubmit this speech of Mr. Trumbull to the digestion of our readers of all parties, as far- nishing abundant materials for profitable re- flection. It is the epeech of a sharp, active and somewhat overheated partizan on the stump; but still there are many things in it indicating the future policy of the republican party, including ® war against the administra- tion and ® war against the Supreme Court, which it would be well for all parties, and espe- cially for the democracy, to understand. Revivat. or Busrsess.—The state of our ad- vertisement columns, and the large increase of our circulation, are evidences of a satisfactory revival of business. Other evidences are not absent. The streets begin to be crowded; the principal hotels are full; euch of the theatres a8 are open are well patronized; and everything We are told that the arrivals at our hotels are more numerous now than they werqJast year at this time, which wae before the panic. Is it the dis- covery of the Frazer river gold mines or the of the Atlantic cable that has ficial change? or is it that ) gtedually getting ‘nto their necesstul les @ NEW YORK HERALD, FRIDAY, AUGUST 13, 1858 ‘The New Phase of tue British Claim to ene Right of Search, OF all queations cigimed to be settled, the question of the British practice of tue right of fesreh is the moet unquiet. Notwithstanding the acuouocemeuts made by the official orga, bets in Warhiugton acd London, that all dif ferry coes between the two countries oa this point Are MMicediy wud sati-factorily arrauged, there is a coustsct cailon both eides of the Atlantic for sometbiog more palpable than the vague aseurazces of ministers or the outgiviags of Officval printers, Indeed, the question itself is too great, and the interests involved too im- portant, to res, apon such unstable foundations, Several important debates and questionings on the subject have occurred in the British Parlia- met, the most definite of which wae that which took piace in the House of Lords on tae 26th of July, published in our issue of Tuesday last. in this debate it seems that the poiat of the whole affair—the substance of the concessions mace to the United States—has been brought o light. And it is something very different rom the total concession of the claimed right of visit or eearch. The discussion was opened by Lord Lyndhurst, who explained the admitted vatiousl law on this question, and, quotiag Lord Stowell and Chief Justice Story, conceded that England hed not the shadow of a law to sua tain her in the practice of the right of search at sea in time of peace. He evon went further: He overthrew the fallacious distinction at- tempted to be drawn between visitation and search ; and showed that the claim of a right to exercise a maritime police over ita own sub- jects, except by the authority of its own magis- trates, had never been willingly conceded by any country, and had no foundation whatever in the law of nations. In all this there was no new principle; and Lord Lyndhurst acknow- ledged that these interpretations of inter- national law had always been held by British judges. He was followed by Lord Malmesbury, the British Secretary for Foreign Affairs, who agreed with thie interpretation of the law, and stated that the law officers of the Crown had expressed the same opinion, He then an- nounced, a8 follows, the new position assumed by the British government :— Upon that opinion her Majesty’s government at once acted, and we frankly confessed that we bad no legal claim to the right of visit and of search which bas hitherto been assumed. (Hear, hoar.) Her Majesty's govern- ment bare, therefore, abandoned both these claims; but at the same time they placed before the American govorn- moest the permenect seceestly. at agreeing she ado, hon of some instructions to be placed in the of the efficers of both governments, and, indeed, the officers of all maritime by which all Powers should be ruled, ‘Dauous, and their cficers should henceforward act in a manner leas obstructive of commerce effect of saving us from tacse quarrels ari: out of the assertion of an assumed rigtt. Hay: up, as I Dave said, the right of visit and of ly American government on their part beve received our communications with equal frankress, apd have siated to her Mejesty’s governmens they are ready to listen to and to conaicer any ™ @ we may make to them with the view to the vorification of tho taternational ‘lags. Lord Aberdeen then took up the question, and etated that he had heard uo novel princi- ples of law set forth by the speakers who pre- ceded him; he had always been familiar with them, and acknowledged them. He had given up the claim to the right of search twenty years ago. Mr. Webster declared over and over again to Lord Ashburton that the matter had been satiefactorily settled; and it was then that he drew up the instructions which had lately been acted upon. He could not, therefore, see what Lord Malmesbury bad given up. This statement he fortified with these words—th closing sentence is nothing more nor less than Lord Malmesbury’s “ paramount necessity for the verification of internationsl flags” :— Iwill teke the Uberty of quoting a note of my own, written at the period to which [ have referred. It is as joulows —Ibe une repounces all pretension on i tbe part of she British government to visit and to American vessels intime of peace; nor bas it been the In reply to Lord Aberdeen, Lord Malmesbury makes the following statement of the position which the American government has hitherto held. It is the one which the Henao still maintains, and will always maintain :—“ The American government went farther than that, and contended that they alone hada right to maintain their own police; and whatever idea we had, if the American flag were flying on board of a veeeel, we had no right to visit or to search her. They have consistently main- tained that they would carry out their own police, and would be meddled with by no other country whatever.” This is the position which has not yet been acknowledged by the British government a# ours of right; and until it is acknowledged the question of the right of earch cannot be settled with Eag- land. All that Lord Malmesbury has lately given up was conceded years ago by Lord Aberdeen; but he hes had the skill to re-assert the arrogant claim of England in a new form Let us eee what this is. His own words, divested of their verbiage, are as follows:—* Her Majesty's government has piaced before the American government the paramount necessity of agreeing apon the adop- tion of some instructions, to be placed in the hands of the officers of both governments, cal- culated to prevent the fraudulent use of the flags of foreign States; and the American gov- ernment have stated to her Majesty's govern- ment that they are ready to listen to and con- sider any suggestions with the view to the veri- fication of the national flag.” This is the new position of the British government; buat it is the eame old dog, only he has got a new collar. The right of search has been re-baptised, and is now the “paramount necessity of verifying the national flag.” What is 0 “paramount neces sity?” According to the best authorities, both American and English, in the definition of words, it is a necessity “superior to all ethers:” & necessity “possersing the highest title or ju- riediction.” Thus, then, England asserts that the necessity of verifying the national flag of a thip at ea overrides all other right or law. But wherefore this “paramount neees- sity!” It is that Kagland may exercise the right of eeareh upon the ships of weaker nations who have unwillingly conceded it to her. Bat there is a higher principle, and a far more dangerous one, involved in this conces- sion by the American government, of the right to verify the flag of a ship at sea by British men of war. It ie the concession to England of her arrogant and long claimed right to exer. clae by her ehips of war ® police over the ocean. It is the engrafting of « new priaciple upon the law of nations that will produce con. fiiote namberless and wars without end. No nation can exerciee this right under any pre- tenoe whatever with eafety to the peace of the world. We have uo fears that Mr. Buchanan will concede to England euch a preposterous right. But it is weil that the couatry should be on the alert, and that our government sboutd at once give as explicit and peremptory a de ciai to this British clsim of a “paramcnat ne- cessty”’ a8 it has ever givea to its feri.w, the cisim to the right of search. The Quartesty Report of tne Poitos—Crimes of tne From the quarterly report, ending July 31, mae by the Deputy Superintendent of Police, we learn some very curious facts illustrative ot the character of the orimes incident to a dense population, acd most common in the city of New York. More than 17,300 persons have violated the laws during the last three mouths, some of them ia the most cutvageous manner, and taye been arrested for doing so. How many criminals have cecaped detection it is im- possible to know. It is quite certain that no such number as thet stated has been seriously punished or subjected to any great degree of imprisonment, for our jails would not hold them. Many eecape from want of evidence, many forfeit the bonds given for their appear- ance, and a considerable number escape through the leniency of the jurica, technical defects in the indictments, abrence ef witnesses, and other means, to mention which might be consideped by come of our immaculate officials to be Libel- lous. The greatest proportion of these offenders (10,477) are natives of Ireland, 1,621 came from Germany, eleven are Ceiestials, and one actually bails from Patagonia. Those of American birth are 2,690 in number—only about one to four of the Irish. Thus, it appears that the two countries furnish criminals in the folowing proportions— one of every seventy ia Irish, and of 260 but one American, when, according to the ordinary rules of prog ortion, it should be much the other way. Seven murderers have been arrested, and judging from experience most of them will es- cape. Sixty-five committed assaults with a murderous intent, considered but a slight of- fence in this city. It is, however, 2 heavy list, and spesks badly for this city of churches, laws, schools and reformatory associations. Thirteen have been taken up for the commission of rape, and nine more for attempting it; so that it seems that establishments of « certain character which have received the advantage of a favora- ble dictum from an em‘nent Judge, do not have the full effect for which their advocates so phi- losophically contend. And this, too, although the police itself has inter‘ered with oaly eighty houses of ill fame out of several thousands dur- ing these three months past, and with but one solitary landlord out of the hundreds whose in- comes are derived from the letting of houses for licentious purposes. We perceive that biga- my had but four representatives in the cells, though a good many more cases found their way into the newspapers. Nearly four thou- sand drunken people were carried off to the station bousee, and iwo thousand four hundred more, disorderly as well as drunk, were placed in the same predicament. More than nine bun- dred vagrants were wandering about the streets ready to beg or to steal as opportunity served them—not so many as one would suppose from the numbers daily encountered. Only one hundred and fifty-five pickpockets were caught during the quarter, but a fractional part, doubtless, of those who are constantly on the alert. One hundred and thirty-three less experienced in the business—bunglers, it would seem—were arrestcd in their attempts. One hundred and eighteen burglaries were committed, and thirty more were attempted; so that about one bur- glary and two-thirds of a burglary succeeded every night. It takes the whole police force of 1,225 men to detect and drag to light the nim- ble footed nipper and chisel association. Those who steal the most valuable articles seem to escape the most easily. We observe tha! one bold man who had the audacity to show his contempt for one of the courts wos put in limbo, while the many thousands who entertain possibly similar opinions have thus far fortu- nately escaped. A remarkable offence—the in- decent exposure of the person—one of the low- est, most brutal and degrading of its clas of crimes—was committed by no less than forty- eight scoundrels, all of whom we trust were brought to justice. Street fights, as we leara from this report, are quite fashionable. No less than three hun- dred and four are recorded in the books of the police, as occurring during the three months ending the 3ist of August—more than three for every day. As from ten to a hundred persons generally look on, or in some way or other take part in the muss, we may calculate that about fifteen thousand New Yorkers are daily wit- nesses of these interesting spectacles, cach industrious man losing from fifteen to thirty minutes of his time in watching these affrays. This loss, if turned into money. at « shilling an hour, would amount in the former case to $450, in the other to $900. This is one view which some of our learned statisticians might take of the subject, if they were called on suddenly to lecture before a peace society. Seventy children have been abandoned to the public charity by their un- natural parents, but in all cases they have been kindly taken charge of by the city; and if they survive the perils of infancy and the loss of a mother’s care, may one day live in the Fifth avenue, and no one wit ever question their right of domiciliation or inquire into their pedigree. The petty larceny thieves amounted to 1,141, and those who audaciously violated . the ordinances of our virtuous Common Coun- cil were 1,044. Wecan only account for this close reeemblance in numbers between those who commit crimes against property and those who violate the city ordinances, by the euppo eitien that there are such things as a bill of coste, and a profitable penalty visible at the bottom of most municipal prosecutions. It speaks well for the general ability of the people to maintain themselves, that these crimes againet property are not only not the greatest in numbers, but bear a limited proportion to the whole; while the vices of intemperance and sensuality, voluntary idleness and a love of pleasure, the vices of the animal frame ap- pear to be the causes of most of the criminality which the police have had occasion to repress. Some other curious circumstances are re- vealed by this report. It appears that great temptation is placed in the way of our city vagabonds by the carelessness of a large num- ber of our oftizens. Thus two hundred and tixty storee were found open and unprotected, and as meny asone hundred and ninety four dwellings; one hundred horses were ranning astray, inviting the attention of knackers and tired pedestrians, and twelve thousand four hun. dred and ninety five dollars were found in the pockets of station lodgers and others taken into custody, fo sums sufficient to reward the rick of expert thieves and support the whole fraternity of Tombe lawyers One great obstacle in the way of an improve- ment in the moral condition of the offending classes 4 the well known protection, when they are in danger, whioh they are afforded by pollti- cal friends. Moet of these wretches who are daily and nightly dragged to the police etations are regular voters, and are’ numerous enough to change the complexion of the wards of which they are the terror. Some of these, familiar with the criminal box, are found in the possession of good fat offices, both under the State and na- tional governmests, and use their influence and money, in turn, to shield their poorer friends. As long aa this condition of things exists we cannot expect much amelioration in the habits or principles of those who are 80 prone to do evil, and find it does not pay to do well. We must expect, then, this euperadded in- ducement to criminality will continue to aid in swelling our criminal calendars. In a large city we always find constant temptations to intoxi- cation, licentiousness, and numerous causes for disagreements, quarrels and disorderly conduct; many opportunities for theft, commercial frauds, forgeries and perjuries; for gambling, burgla- ries and embezzlements. These are the usual vices of dense population, The only funds- mental remedy is the spread of sound educa- tion, since all experience and indisputable re- cords show that well instructed people are not inthe habit of committing the crimes which stain the public character; and when they do, they are the exception, and not the rule. Society is not growing worse, though the ap- palling array of crime would make us think so. In the city we see more conspicuously its con- centration and the consequences of a precari- ous, crowded and unnatural condition of life. Tuk Fravps oy tus Crry Treasury—Waat 13 T0 BE Done ’—As the investigations of the joint Committee of Accounts into the assess- mente and arrearages progress they are met with increasing obstructions. It is almost im- porsible to find out the owners of property which has been assessed, many of whom, in all probability, have never heard that any claims exist against their estates, though eight mil- lions of assesements remain unpaid. The com- mittee have sent thousands of eirculars to par- ties against whom amounts are charged for assessments for the last three or four years, informing them of the fact, and requesting them to produce their receipts if they have paid the collectors; but in many cases the owners or their heirs are not to be found. The best way for the committee to get at the information they require would be to advertise the names of all those persons against whom claims are outstanding in the Hrnatp; and we presume they will be driven to adopt that expedient be- fore long. While we are on this subject, we would say to the taxpayers that they ought to be active in pushing on their organization for the fall elec- tion. They bave had a bitter 'esson of the re- sults of former elections of city officials. The primary elections, of all parties alike—demo- crate, republicans and Americans—are con- trolled by a set of rowdies and bulliesin the diferent wards. If a respectable person at- tempts to show himself there, and offers any opposition to the infamous proceedings for which primary elections are proverbial, he is knocked down by these ward ruf- fians, Theee pugilistic politicians it is who always make the nominations, just as Suita themselves, and then eell their all-potent influence to the highest bidder. There is no ex- aggeration in this statement ; it is literally true, and true of all parties, without distinction. As long as the property owners are satisfied with this state of things they deserve but little sym- pathy while the remedy is so easy. A well organized party of voters, whose interests are #0 largely involved in the government of the city, can uproot this whole system of rowdy no- minations, rasoality and plunder, A suggestion is made. in a communication which we publish eleewhere, which, though it may seem an extreme measure, would undoubtedly produce the desired result of stimulating the owners of houses to make some effort to reduce the taxes. Our cor- respondent caloulates that thirty per cent of the rent annually paid by tenants in this city goes to make up the taxes paid by the landlords, and he suggests that the tenants should accosd- ingly Geduct thirty per cent off the quarter's rent next November, and compel the property owners either to pay the taxes out of the re- duced rent or allow their property to go to the hammer, This new anti-rent movement would be a deeperate measure ; yet we must come to something like it in the end, if the taxes con- tinue to increase, for the tenant class cannot afford to pay the enormous rents which the land- lords are obliged to demand in order to pay their taxes. The prompt action of an indepen- dent taxpayers’ party would be an easier and safer remedy than this dernier resort, and we hope the taxpayers are wise enough to per- ceive it. Peestomntiat, Ivteieves.—We find the fol- On, by which ons wes to £5 the eunaiante fer the Tron ‘and the ether the candidate for the Vice Presidency in 1960 is corroborated by the developements that aro Pa made here Oe ee one wane cannot hope to contro! the ‘ielogation ice ha poy Jog fp - Gy aT 3 = eptracy le got conned to Ditaots, Vet onsets to Verge, Sd bees to central Ge Che Dosiinien Wy eneveraging und Sow enten to eneho thelr dread end taniee fily ar ween 8 ; Z r According to this exposition the case, as it stands, is between Slidell and Bright on the one side, and Wise and Douglas on the other. Very Let the fight proceed; for, as Sir Lucius O'Trigger has eaid, “it would be a pity to spoil it.” Slidell, Bright, Wise, Dougias, and all concerned in it, will find their level before 1860, and the beginning of the collapse will be Douglas. Tur CHartestox Mercvry ox tue Late Kansas E.eerion.—We transfer to another part of this paper a grave and melancholy article ‘rom the Charleston Mercury on the late Kan- sas election. At last our hitherto hopeful pro- slavery cotemporary gives it up, but impa- tiently aske—What will the democratic party from the North in Congress, which supported the coaference bill, do?—what will the adminia- tration—what will the South do?” We think we may venture to anewer that they will ac- quiesce in the necessity and expediency of ad- mitting Kansas asa free State, with the noxt constitution which may be offered. Our Charleston cotemporary would do well to sub- mit to thie reenlt as among the inevitable things of the fatare, for it is all folly now to be crying oter a game that is lost. 2 Msgr dage af Rrvex Goip Mnms.—In addt- the sews published in yesterday's Heratp from the Frazer river gold mines, we publish today more detailed and highiy inte. resting socounts from those regions, The ro vulsion of feeling and the disappointmest among the miners appear to be almost ag re- markabie as the excitement that raged throug- out Californis on the first news of the rich gold on Frazer and Thompson rivers. But it must be remembered that all these ao- counts come from California, which is directly interested in presenting Frazer river affairs ia their worst light. Thewater had been so high that the barscould not be worked, and conse- quently the miners remained idle. Of eome twenty-five thousand men who it is estimated landed at Vancouver's Isiand on their way to the mines, not more than five thousand have reached there. The rest were in Victoria, Whatcom, and other towns; and all were suf- fering much from the scarcity and high cost of provisions, Numbers of those who were abis to get away had returned to California and reported the prospects of those that remained as anything but cheering. All ngrec that the diggings on the bars are extremely rich, though limited in extent; but owing to the high atate of the water they cannot be worked now. This will be the case, too, for the longest portion of the year. The news of this unfavorable state of things in New Caledonia appears to have given muoe satisfaction in California, and the emigration thence has almost entirely ceased. On the other hand, however, we have intelligence of important gold discoveries in Washington Ter- ritory. In consequence of the apprehension of famine among the miners on Frazer river it was in-contemplation by the Hudson’s Bay Com- pany to remove the restrictions to the free navigation of that stream. Two American ves- sels had already had permission accorded to them to ascend it, and it was expected that the navigation would be declared free to all. That step, however, had not been definitively taken at the last accounts. So far as the statements published in Califor nia can be relied upen, Frazer river is unani mously denounced as a monstrous swindle and the Hudson’s Bay Company and other is terested parties come in for a large ehare o contumely and denunciation. The wildness and insanity which characterized the rush of emi- grants to those regions could hardly have had a different result. The Frazer river excitemeat has cooled down as suddenly, and, it may be, aa unreasonably as it sprung ap. Su.ver Theves.—It is a very curious circum- stance that the robbers who make a business of stealing silver plate in this city almost without exception escape detection. We have heard within a few months past of numbers of fami- lies who have lost the whole of their silver, and have failed to discover the first trace of it. If the sufferers apply to the police they are told to keep quiet, to say nothing, to wait, und quite as often are informed that there is no use ia making any attempts to recover it, for it is already melted up and disposed of. We con sider this a most shameful state of things, and one which requires correction. In many re- spects our police system is not only ineflicient, but excites very unpleasant suspicions of strangs complicities. Suppose the silver stolea is melted up without delay—it must then be run into bars or ingots, or irregularly shaped pieces, and in this form disposed of. But it requires a hot fire and strong crucibles to do this. Silver to melt is subjected to a heat of 4,717 degrees Fahrenheit, or 28 degrees Wedgewood’s.pyro- meter. A common red heat visible in the day time is but 1,077 degrees Fahrenheat, and 0, or zero, of Wedgewood, and is not great enough for the purpose. It is, therefore, evi- dent that in an ordinary open fire, grate or Stove, without the addition of a stream of air artificially applied, this stolen silver cannot be melted up; and this fact should open the eyes of the police to certain places which are sup- posed to be used only for legitimate smelting. And even after being thus surreptitiously melted it must fall into the hands of persons well acquainted with the precious metals and their appearance when coming out of the fire. They can tell in a moment whether it has been cooled hastily or not, by certain infallidie marks, not proper, perhaps, to be stated publicly, and which would in nine cases out of ten lead to a detection of the offender. It is also understood that all respectable re- finers stamp their bars or ingots with some pe- culiar marks of their own, of which they are very chary, and which they protect from coun- terfeiting with the greatest care. Now, the bur glar has no euch means of designating his work, and if he has any, his marks would not be known nor received without scrutiny. What the police ought to do, then, is to keep their eyes on any shop or house where the process of melting is carried on, and the places where the precious) metals are usually bought, The honest refiners, could very easily unite ona plan which would enable them to detect any anusual appearances or falee marks, for ‘ie latter are not so nume rous as to make co-cperation impracticable. So of the jank dealers «:d pawnbrokers. They are already watched by the police, and might be forbidden to purchase silver, unless it bore the regular marks of the rofiners, or purchase it at all under a certain price per ounce. Taey might also be compelled to report every case where it was presented to them at less than its true or established value. The burglar would thea sec his game blocked at once, in this city at least, and through similar legal provisions in other cities he would find bis opportunities to dispose of his plunder very greatly diminished. The appearance of silver suddenly melted, would always be a just ground of suspicion oa the part of an honest purchaser. It is « grost mistake to suppose that silence is the best method for the recovery of stolen property. It has been tried over and over again, without ef- fect. On the contrary, the moment a loss is sustained, it should be made as public as possi- ble. The whole community is then aware of the circumstances, and becomes a body of de tectives. The process of melting cannot be carried on without some aid from accomplices ; and every rogue has always some anfriendly eye upon him, even among his own comrades. ‘There thefts of silver are supposed always to be made by persons familiar with the habits and condition of the families they rob. In moat houses the female servants are allowed “to keop company ” with strangers picked up casually, with hoste of cousins and acquaintances made at janketings, and even at the churches. In this class of persons, often pretending to visit with intention of marriage, we have the most daa gerous of our thieves, Another class enter our residences ostensiblz