The New York Herald Newspaper, April 6, 1858, Page 3

considerable mer‘shante of Chicago and Milwaukie have had recouyee to the other route, viz:—that of the Canada Grand Trunk. This route had often been sugrested before, but until the preseat tine enor-aous Cp ager wired for its construction had prevented being brought into operation. _ such wonderful rapidity has the population of the far West increased, that that of the town of ‘Chicago alone is at the present day twenty-two times Greater than it was in 184]. Also aukie, a town which has sprang up since Chicago, has within the Space of twelve years increased its tion twen- ty fold. Toronto has also trippled its population within a few years. Hence it is reasonable to sup- b cadbyerd all t mass of commercial skill and it which exhibits 20 much power and energy will not be long before it asks itself the question whether it would aot be desirable and possible to find a mafer,a quicker, and a more direct route than the and dangerous route of the lakes by which to @egorge and pour upon the Atlantic coast: the vast amount of len, jucta accumulated, and, as it were, imprisoned inthe Far West. In 1855 the value ef merchandize exported from Chicago and import- ed by the lakes amounted to the sum of $233,000,000. amount in value, in the same year, of the waukie, by the same route, was $85,000,000. The tonnage emp! by Chi on this naviga- tion amounts to 179 ‘tons, and that of Mit- 5 waukie to 45,961. The exportation of the article ef wheat alone from Chicago, in 1856, amounted to ‘2),000,0C0 of bushels: from Milwaukie the amoant exported in the same year was 30,000,000 bushels. To all this immense commercial activity and move- ment of commodities which depends upon the route of the lakes for an outlet, we ought to add the trade from the neighborhood of Lake Superior from the various mines in that region, and from the coasting trade in general which is carried on upon the lake, of which it is impossible to form an estimate from fhe want of regular and sufficient data. At all events, the single value of the copper and iron drawn from there regions in estimated at $3,700,000. Here, then, we have before our eyes the spectacle eof an trade and commerce, which goes om every F col increasing and increasing. It isa gabject well worth the most serious consideration, fmasmuch as it is this very commerce which has built up the city of Buffalo, and transferred the of the West to New York city. Could not ur French shipowners and merchants find in t field of the Far West a new opening for troduction of French industrial products? not? The memory of the French still lingers all these regions. ese are countries which is rt 2 originally settled by the French. Our lan- still spoken out there. Old French cus- ard manners still prevail in the cities founded ose progenibces. Sarely the various articles of ‘and of elegance—those supertiuities which im proportion as riches and well being increase #0 necessary to mankind—surely all ‘thoee little memorials and traditions of the country which are held so tenaciously those ‘who live in far distant countries —surely all those tender and invisible bonds which bind the hearts of exiles to the land where their an- eestors once lived—surely those brave sons of France, whose names are echoed in the wild woods, on the Jofty mountains, upon the vast lakes, and in the crowded cities of that New World where their me- pon Ag as it were, eternalized—surely all these id be received with enthusiasm by the people of @anada—not, indeed, as new things brought from a great distance, to satisfy the new wants of a new @ivilization, but rather asa restored recollection of ancient reminiscences which are still cherished among them and talked ovér with a feeling of pride at the tamily fireside, when men take pleasure in re- ealling to mind the ancient glories of their ancestors, who, coming from ancient France, brought with them to that distant shore those sentiments of chi- valry and that politeness of manners which stil! pre- eerve their empire among them. ‘The Japa: AE Sz nese Treaties. Translated for the Nsw York Heraup from the Paris Pa- trie, 5.) ‘The world’s attention is now fixed cn the events which ae yes, on in the far East. In India, the Inst efforts of an insurrection which has shaken the power; in China, the French and British on the walls of Canton; in Japan, secu- 8 overthrown by peaceful negotiations. Sach are the curious spectacles seen in the extreme eastern part of the Old World, and which,thanks to the unheard of of our means of communica- , interest us quite as much as if our frontiers ‘were the theatre on which they were some, Among those events, the most recent, if not the thtest and most fruitful, is the opening of the of the latter country (Japan), which has re- mained closed up to the present time. We know how Japan ogy eng ong, Be suc- cessively some of its ports to the United States, England and Russia, in pursuance of the treaties of March 31 and Oct. 14, 1864, and Jan. 26, 1855; and , in virtue of another treaty of Jan. 30, 1856, Japan has granted better conditions to the Nether- ands ———, = A > ay, to the = = ropean governmen which for two centuries i a difficult and ited intercourse. If oor information is correct, the Netherlands govern- ment has obtained from the Court of Yedo such con- censions as are equal to a complete commercial revo- This is the result of persevering efforts during last fourteen years, which have until now ob- tained but little publicity. nit or we i 0 the glory of Commodore Perry. But it is a fact that the d on which the Americans 80 boldly advanced. and where Commodore Perry has shown so much firmness and judgment, was paper ed a long time since by the government of the Neth- erlands. Two reports sent tothe King of Holland the Secretary of Foreign Affairs, one in 1855, the Saher in 1807, and recen Commerce Extérieur, subject. 1844 King William II. wrote to the Emperor of Japan to invite him to abandon volun- py hy system of exclusion which the then ‘existing era did not tolerate, and this letter has served as an invariable basis for the pobier Satloved since then by the Cabinet of the Hague with the Empire of Japay. ng ™ople i i I Such p liberality on the part of the Sradi i] a g “ ‘edo having answered bya polite William II., and having declared of the empire did we the Ring ait ex: intercourse with foreigners, not » and through his influence that granted to wrecked sailors, and that alte in this news an American sail, the ent lications. An letter written by Mr. Donker Curtins, the factories, to the Governor of Nangasaki, follows:—“ His Majesty the King of the fetherlands hopes that will be maintained if government answers the President of States, in accordance with the advice I take the liberty to give.” ‘a few months after this that the American Pye — in the Bay of sere sae re Perry entered upon negot known, did not meet with immediate the of the Americans rane ie apseel ty in et with appoin' e Governor . The delegate alleged again laws of the empire; but a letter the Governor testified that the arguments chief of the Dutch factories had made some $e rec communicated to, yor avout. the. tmposd was communicated to about - Pility of modifying the laws. of the em and of commercial intercourse with foreign na- tions. However, what you have said about coal the eee St granting an asylum and does the : arm “lt ? i E28 i ae I depots and Provisions to those who might be thrown on our Coasts by tempests, not seem inadmissible to me.” Thus basis of the arrangement obtained on his The Cabinet it Hage ai not on F cig) nf advise to the Court of Yedo; it hel mem — 8 all the Commodore, Admiral, Putiatine, the British —have Fe rom to con- the good offices of the ‘h government. In the meantime the Japanese were initiated to oar civilization and to our arts. A steam engine and_ an electric Da ara were exhibited and worked in presence & curious bat intelligent le. So many efforts have not heen lost on the Dutch themestvess they have increased their credit in Japan; Lf have Po A enfranchisement, 3 NEW YORK HERALD, TUESDAY, APRIL 6, 1858—TRIPLE SHEKY. very indifferent success. Three porta of that em- pire, Hakodadi, Simod and Nangasaki were 0) to the flag of four Christian nations—the United States, England, Russia and the Netberlands—but they were open only a# ports of refuge and for sup- lying provisions. Commerce remaimed as in past Eines. imited to the Chinese and Dutch. Nothing was more miserable than that privileged commerce of the Dutch, apart from all regard to the vexatious conditions to which it was subjected. Some articles imported for the use of the Emperor and the grandees, and (as return freight) copper to the maximum of 375,000 kilogrammes, with a small quantity of camphor and a number of morning gowns--such was the kampshandel or tariffot the gevernment. Whe traffic in some other articles to the amount of alittle over one hundred thousand francs was for a long time rented under the denomi- nation of kambanghandel. The Dutch government was endeavoring as much as posible to enlarge the circle of its relations. The lease of the lessee of the kambanghandel was boushs off, and trade privileges permitted to private individuals, whose first operations seem to have been profitable. New patterns of return articles were sent to ia, and an authorization to European tiseues was obtained from the Japanese government. But still this was nothing. The unequivocal dis- positions of a portion of the inhabitants awakened the hope that the throwing one: of Japan to general commerce was not far off; and from that moment the Netherlands government tried with redoubled acti- vity to attain this end. ibe means it employed were praiseworthy; it was by benefits and prominent ser- vices that it endeavored to gain the favor of the government and the inhabitants. A scientific library and a collection of model instruments were esta- blished at Desima; a learned Dutchman delivered lec- tures on chemistry and mechanics; a Dutch engineer was charged with instructing them in the best modes of working mines; the Emperor was offered a steamboat, and this present was accepted with enthusiasm. What the Japa- nese government had most desired was to possess @ war navy on a European footing. The Cabinet of the Hague, without blindly according whatever it was asked for, nevertheless deemed itself bound to accede to a desire which was legitimate in itself. At a@ moment when the relations of Japan with the fo- reign countries became more active, it thought that it would not be friendly to refuse it the means of de- fending, if necessary, its independence. Therefore it P pemeges that on the Dutch wharves three screw schooners should be constructed for the Japanese navy, and charged a detachment of marines to direct the education of a native crew—an undertaking which, according to the last news, had been crowned with complete success. The price hoped for all those services was the set- ting trade free. Fifteen additional articles joined to the definitive treaty, which in 1856 had re- placed a former convention, were proposed by the Dutch Commissioner to the authorities of Nangaraki. These articles prove at the same time the humiliating situation to which for so long time the Hollanders had submitted, and the deep change ef- fected by the course of events. They 4 articular stipulated the admission of women and children into the ports open to commerce, the free exercise of the Christian religion, the abolishing of the odious prac- tice of trampling under foot the image of Christ, @ facility of selling to and buying from the mer- chants of the country, and lastly, the extension to foreign nations which had entered or would enter into treaties with Japan of all the rights accorded tothe Netherlands government. The manner in which those liberal propositions were at firet received, the ee shiftines which were resorted to, betrayed all hopes of the Dutch government. Under the impression of this defeat, it had last year decided not to abruptly change its policy, but to show less complacency and not to ac- cede to different demands of war munitions and other articles necessary te the defence of the count: until the court of Yeddo snould show signs of be! ter sentiments. Now we know that that court was making its last resistance and was near yielding. The followin, he account of what happene: The fifteen additional articles gave place to fort: other articles under date of October 16, 1857, whic! organize the new system of relations to which Jay has consented. Commerce is permitted in the two ports of Nangasaki and Hakodadi. The tonnage duties on vesse!s, the import datiea on merchandises ~duties fixed at 35 per cert, ad valorem—the mode of sale of and payment for said merchandises, and all formalities consequent on the superintendence of commerce, are specified in detail. More than ona re- striction still subsists. Thus the importation of opinm is prohibited, as also the exportation of the specie of the country; the Japanese government reserves to it- self, in certain cases, the For ara won of exportation of provisions. and even, without giving any reason, that ‘of wax and paper; it retains a monopoly of the ex- rt of different products, especially ‘of copper. it, in a word, a decisive result has been obtal 5 which cannot but extend in the course of time. After the additional articles there follow special declarations still more important. One of them ad- mits women and children into the ports open to commerce; another abolishes the pretties of tom - ling under foot the a of Christ. The most arkable of all of them is couched in these terms:— The Japanese government is ready to conclude similar treaties with all civilized nations, including Portugal.” It is known that it was the religious zeal of the Portuguese missionaries which, two cen- turies ago, provoked the exclusion of all Europeans, with the exception of the Dutch. A short time before these concessions had been made to the Netherlands, and through them to the whole world, the Consul of the United States at Si- moda bad concluded (in June 17, 185 ty, the text of which was published by American re The new facilities stipulated for by that treaty have but small importance in com son with those for which we are indebted to Dutch a. ‘ithout being ungrateful to the latter, the honor of them is, perhaps, not to be exclusively attributed toit. The attitude of France and England in the Chinese sea was, perhaps, not without an influence decision of the Court of Yeddo. However be, the captare of Canton and its conse- Will surely confirm tiijs decision, Fingland’s £3 3? Fy 2 H 5 E F i i 3 ki £ z F i E gti aafis 38 ii i . : ik car found to be worn out for ocean Cy. running. They earned a five per cent last three years of their career, but nothing pret 5 Collins’ line bas never paid simple interest to the a holders. The only line now properly subsidised WA American government is Livingston's, and the subsidy to artes Ye tps us eividend bes this was coon started it a 7 per ce’ . reduced tobi, The ships by this line only form a monthly mai! communication with Rngland. Vanderbilt's ships =r American mails for a portion of the on letters whi such mails contain. The failure of the American lines is attributed to various causes. The steam machinery of Aterican steamers is inforior that of Ragliah vessels, aad the bulls are not so strongty built. Hence the former ships break down oftener than the latter, and this causes irre. gvlarities in the mail service. Again, American lines work ‘with fewer steamers than English lites; when there is « break down, therefore, with the former the mail service must be interrupted, because ships are pot at hand to be Fa 28, i Lj is about the Knglish ones, and there is consequently a dim- in raising @ufficient capital to provide an adequate for the American lines. ocean lines would pay well without mail , if they ran at moderate . As it was the ‘used to kill in || coaches, #0 it is the iyi He ume e4 Hy vone of cost daily: and sixty one tons a dey only Ween aes oe Garin 4 a it more than 4 the speed by three miles on beor.” Sue th is that the power of coal n¢ to produce speed must te increandd in the ratio of the cube of the velocity, Bat not only is the cost of fue! enormous in fast steamers, but the woar and toar of such ehiye mast be very great. They moet be first built with great sirength, at an extra ox- penes, of course. Afier running six youre Collins’ shipe coat in irs more than the original outtay for build! aah yet, notwithetanding those repairs, the Inst abow Every trip of one of Collins’ more to Kogan’ and back again cost upwards of 00h. Every tix years the boilers have to be re newed, at an empense of £7). Coiling’ last ship, the Adriatic, cont tn Butlin 000. Hler speed ham not properly tented, Next to the Levia an 3 been finest ship in the world. Notwi Collins’ ateamers were really very fae! on they never supplanted Qunar t's in public favor, not even with the Americeps themselves, Collins is @ true patriot. Ho bas spest an immense fortune to estadliab @ reptta:ion for bis countrymen for ek:}i in ocean steam navisation Some of bis fainily perished ia the great calamities which bave overtakoa bis own ships, and he has experienced the bitterest oblequy abd opposition ia bis own country while undertaking ‘Denefit ove of the most spiriléd enter- prises ever ined by # single individual. What will (he British government do now the formidable rivels to Guvard’s chips have been fairly driven off thy Liverpool and New York jine, and America has acknow- ledged the supremacy of Kgland in steam navigation ? For some years thera has been a semi-weekly mail com- munication between this country and the United Rtates, and the two ceuntries can scarcely ¢o without such a fre- quent communiaation, for the Amarican malls are of great mognitude Now 4s the time for English capital and enter- rinse gow at the whole of the mail and ail the lucrative trade that accompanies it in the North Atlantic; tut of every shilling postoge on a letter to or from the United States the British paawnes, eontny to the last postal convention, nets 103d. if the letter is conveyed across the Adlantic in an ish packet. The American government bes pet yet ly decided on the non subsidy policy; and Coiling, with tye Saxon pluck, hrotne, 9 been driven frem the Mersey? contemplating running bis magatficent steamers to come port in the British Channel where they weuld be sure to monopolise the traftic of the whole con- Unent of Europe with America. “ (From the fame paper samo day.] * For this -ecurring dizeppointment in the efforts of our traneatlantic relatives several explanations aregiven. Ono difficulty they are said to labor under is the inferiority of their ebips and machinery. The vessels built and the engines manufactured in America are reported to work ard woar by pe means o well as these of British fabric. The versels, it is stated, canvot attain the same speed without incurring a beayior experse in fuel, do not last 80 Jong, and aro moro Mable to derangements and delays. This digadvantage, if it reaily exists, must, of course, tell severely in a race where competition is so severo, and the utmost limit in speed. regularity, and economy of transit is mace the great object of attainmont by the com- petitors on either side. a still more damagirg influence has, however, been cx- erted by the i!] ju¢ged terms on which the United States government have granted their subvention for the postal service, Sometimes this payment was made by a fixed amount of reimbursement, and at others a preceutage was paid to the owners of the mail steamers from the postago of the letters, &o., which were conveyed. But in either care the revenue thus derived was very inconsiderable, ‘and it was also invariably accompanied by the condi- tion that the service should be performed at a certain rate of speed. All other considerations were, indeed, sacrificed to this s'ngle element, fourteen knots an hour, and no less, being exacted as a genera! average, at every season, urder all circumstances of wind and woathor. Now, it is very right to require ‘‘punctaality and despatch’? in the performance of every pub’ic work, and especially one of such importance as the tranamission of correspondence between the two greatest commercial States in the word. But the rate was inthis case fixed much too high cithor for profit or security. Above s certain velocity every in- crease in the speed of a steam vessel is obtaincd only at an extravagant cost. The consumption of coal alone in the voyages between N York and Liverpool is aug. mented from £80 000 to £128,000, if the rate of steaming is increased from twelve knots to fourteen. The gain in despatch is by no mears equivalent to the enormously en- bacced expenditure incurred. Nor is the cost of fuel tho enly drawback. Much greater wear and tear is occasion- ed, and far heavier risk of accident is encountered, when the traneit is thus urged at high pressure speed. A total failure bas not unfrequently occurred in the arrival of an expected mail through this injudicious attempt to ab- breviate by a few hours the average period of con veyance. It should be remembered also that theso mail steamers carry other things besides letters. The safety or even the ‘convenience of a crowd of passengers should be taken into account as well as the rapid tranemtssion of correspondence. This consideration bas hitherto been too frequently overlooked. As a matter of fact, several veseels have been fost and a mul- titude of lives sacrificel, while im many more instances frightful casualties have been on!y just escaped through the natural anxiety of the commanders to save the heavy penalties which an hour’s Joss of time or twenty miles of dietance may hes upon their owners under the Post Office contract. en tbe submarine telegraph is estab. lished, the necessity for ensuring a rapid conveyance of letter? will almost at a All important politica! in- toiligence or commercial messages will be flashed along the wires, rendering it @ matter of comparative indiffe- rence whether the written correspondence arrives in ten days or eleven. But even before this work is accomplish- ed the United States government should revise the terms of its postal service, alter these repeated proofs that by exacting too hard conditions it effects a dubious economy atthe rain of many enterprising and patriotic subjects and with a serious a, vation of peril to the crews and passengers on board the traneatiantic mail steam: ers. THE NEWS BY THE INDIAN. Tclegraphic from Portland to New York. THE MUTINY IN INDIA. ‘The details of the Indian news, via Bombay, to the 24th, added nothing of importance to the tclograph‘c ad- vices, but gave rise to the hope that desisive intelligence would be received by the next mail. Tt wes rumored that Nona Sahib was wandering about the country with but few followers. ‘The cannonade of Lucknow was expected to open on the 22d of February. Sir Colin Campbell had one hundred and sixty ‘iret class guns. Numerous successful encounters with numerous bodies of mutineers were reported. A fresh attack on General Outram at Alumbagh had also been reported, but no details reccived. THE WAR IN CHINA. Advices from China via Bombay, describe trade as al most paralyzod, and state that imports were accumulating to such an extent as to render it difficult to procure storage ‘The Times’ Canton correspondent reports the entire ro- establishment of order there. ‘The Chinese loss during the late attack was not believed to exceed 200 men. ‘The English and French, it was said, would proceed north as carly as possible. ‘The China mails intended for the lost steamer Ava had ‘not reached England, The blockade of Canton was to finish on the 1th of February, The city will then be accessible to foreigners under certain conditions, which will shortly be promal- gnted. The stato of riege in to continue during the pertod of occvpation. Immense depots of arms had been dis- covered, The allies had destroyed the remainder of the fortifleations. ‘Tho large towns of Koachow and Keang Chang bad been retaken by the imperialists, Fears were onteriained for the safety of the ship John Taylor, which left China October 17 for England, and in- surances were being effected as 30 a 40 por cont. Exchange at Hong Kong on January 29 was 4a. 9X4., ‘and at Shanghae 6s. 11344. Preights wore dull. ‘Tho total export of toas for tho year to Great Britain shows a decrease of eight million pounds. THE LATEST. The Calcutta mall steamer, with no later news from Todia, but with the China mailto February 17, arrived at Suez on the 17th of March. Yeh, @ prisoner on board tho Inflexible, was at Fong Kong, on bis way to Calcutta, ‘The blockade of Canton was raised on the 10th of February. ‘The Americans and Russians had joined the French and Fnglieh in ademand on the Chiva government. The let ters of the four plenipotentiarics bad gono up to Shanghae, and by the middie of March {t would be known what line China would take, Trade bad reopened at Canton. The 70th Sepoy regiment had arrived, and was quartered within the walls of Canton. GREAT BRITAIN. On the 22d, in the House of Lords, Lord Derby an- nounced that the House would be adjourned from the ‘20th to the 12th of April for the Faster Holidays. He also said in reply to Lard Brougham that there was no founda- tion for the report that it waa intended to import free nogroes from Africa and form them into black regimonta. ‘The Earl of Carnarven, in reply to Lord Brougham, said that the Vagrant act recently passed by the As- sembly of Jamaica had been received at the Colonial office, and was under consideration. He belioved that there would be no chjection to lay the bill upon the table before it received the royal assent. One of the allegations against this bill is that it partially revives slavery. In the House of Commons General Veola aatd it was not the Intention of government to embody any more regi ments of militia. Mr. Disraeli gave notice that he would move for leave to being ina bill to reform the government of india on tho 2th. Lord John Ruseell’s Oaths bill was debated at length, and an amendment which continued the exclusion of Jews from Parliament waa rejected by a vote of two hundred fand ninety seven to one hundred and forty-four. ‘The third reading was fixed for April 12. A motion to appoint a select committee to inquire into tho consular service and consular appointments was agreed to. ‘On the 254, in the Lords, Tord Filenborough explained the desire of the government to enliat into the Indian army Kroomen on the const of Africa, but said the plan had been abandoned on account of technical difficulties, In the Commons it was announced that the Governor @onoral of India had on his own responsibility confiscated and annulled the Principality of Thar. Mr. Monkton Milnes called attention to the vexations to Which British eubjects were exposed by the alterations In the French passport system, and moved for the produc- tion of the correspondence on the subject. Afer considerable discussion on the merite of the whole question, agcurance wae given on the part of the goverm- ment that they had considered the best moe of providing @ remedy, and it was contemplated to establish offises at the principal ports, and to reduce the price of Forsiga Office passports. Leave was given to bring ina bill to legalizo marrigge ‘with a deceased wife's sister, by 43 majority. A Polish bookeeller in Landon, named Tehorewsk!, had been arrested, charged with publishing @ pamphiet re- cently written by M. Pyat and others, advocating the 28- sassination of Napcleoa. The Loodon Times City Article hopes that the projacted abolition by the banks ot New York of allowing interest on current deposits will give additional impulse to the consideration of the point in England. It was expected that the invitations would be issued for the India loan on tho day the Indian sailed. It was ru mored that they would be in four per cent debentures, ro- deemab'e in seven years. Tho first amount to be raised would be £6,600,000, The funds exhibited general steadiness and closed firmly on Tuesday at a slight advance. Geld continued to flow into the Bank of England, aud a farther reduction in tho rates of discount was aaticipated. Mr. Henley, President of she Board of Trade, bad pro mised # deputation from the mercantile marine that if the present government remained in office they would dea) with the question of passing tolls and local charges. FRA) Count Persigny’s resignation of the English embassy had been accepted. The Duke do Malakoff (Pelizsier) has been appointed ns his successor. The accounts from various parts of Franco complain f undue severity with respect to passports. It was said that in consequence of despatches from the French Admiral, orders bad been given t fit outa now division of gun boats for China, and that the operations of the allies would bo extended as far as Pekin. It was reported that Count Walewski had received ano- ther check on the subject of refugees; that he had applied to the Portuguese government to expel some French rofu- gees from Lisbon, but had been met with a direct refusal. Commercial affairs throughout France continued greatly depressed. The railway receipts for the week were the worst that had been known. The goods trains had abso- lutely nothing to carry. It is said that an hour beforo the Emperor’s arrival st the Opera on bia recent visit, all the houses on the Rue le Pelletier, opposite the Opera house, were searched by the police. ‘The Municipal Commiesion of Paris have resolved on commencing the public works on a large scale, so as to give employment to the operatives. ‘The daily Paris correspondent says it was rumored that the Count de Chambord had resolved to abdicate all bis rights and claims in favor of the Count de Paria. ‘The Paris Bourse had been firmer, but declined slightly on Tuegday. Breadstufls were dull and lower. The trensporiation of the parties arrested under the new Public Safety law had commenced, and between afty and sixty of the proscribed individuals had been sent to Africa. All sailors from twenty to forty years of age, who had not completed their four years of service, had been or- dered to join their ships immodiately. ‘The Paris correspondent of the London Herald gives a rumor that the Eropress ia enciente. SPAIN. A telegraphic despatch from Madrid says that several ships of war wero being fitted out for Havana, and that demonstrations against Vera Crus were spoken of. ITALY. Discontent in Austria and Italy is said to be daily n- creasing. On the 20th the court at Geneva gave judgment in the political trials which took place in consequence of the events of June. Mazzini and five others were tried in their absence, and, in contempt of court, sentenced to death, Twonty- nine were acquitted and twenty-eight were sentenced to imprigonment for terms varying from seven to twenty ears. : Rumors are again current of the approaching settlement of the difficulties between Naples and the Western Powers. SWITZERLAND. According to a Swiss paper the affair of tho refugees is nearly terminated. It is proposed to the Federal Council to give fixed residence in the interior, and to expel forty-one persons. Among the Frenchmen twelve had alroady loft for England. RUSSIA, A despatch from 8. Petersburg says Ruseia is watching with great intercet the relations of England and France. ‘The Russian navy is to be fully manned, end shipbulll- ing largely increased. Russia has no intention of accept- ing English and French Consuls in the Black Sea. All suspicious vessels on the Circassian coast will be eeized. TURKEY. A letter states toat in case the Turks shall not be able to suppress the insurrection in the Horztorina, that the Aus. trian government will assist the Sultan with @ division of troops, and that in such case the Austrians will occupy Bosnia for some timo. Per contra, the !ondon Post's Paris correspondent says that the Austrian government will not interfere in the affairs of Montenegro, end that Austria will only draw a military cordon towards her own frontier. ‘The Alexandria correspondent of tho London Times says that M. do Leon, Utited States Consul at that place, had returned from the mission bo undertook to Syria, in con- nection with the outrage on a family resid ng near Jaffa, the details of which have already been published. ‘The Turkish authorities had yielded to the indignant ro- monstrances of M. de Leon and arrested four of tho parties to the outrage. They had all been convicted and were lying in trans awaiting confirmation of their sentence from Constantinople. COMMERCIAL NEWS. LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET. Liverroot, March 24, 1858. ‘The market was quite booyant at the opening of the week, with an advance on all qualities of },d. to 4d.; but the America’s advices which reached us on Tuosday checked the upward movement, and the market closed yesterday quiet but steady. Sales for the threo days 28,000 bales, of which 3,000 were taken by speculators ‘and 1,000 for export. The advices from Manchester were more favorable, and the market was firmer. ae however, age i ore isigechatscacs LIVERPOOL BRRADSTUPFS MARKET. There bas been @ decline on all sort of breadstuffr, and the market clored with a tendency stil) downward. Richardson, & Co, say the weather, which haa deen very favorable for crops, caused great dulness in the market. Flour bas declined 64. ; wostern omal is qued at Zils. 6d. 2 228.; Philadelphia and Baltimore 22. a 238, ; Obio, via Northeren , 200. & 260: do., via New Or. leans, 268. a 278. ie very dull, and has declined 1d a 2d. ; red is quoted at 60. 9 Ge, 2d. ; white, 7s. a 78. 64. LIVERPOOL PROVISION MARKET. Beet dull and quotations nomina!. Pork qaiet at 70s. for prime. Bacon dull. The auction sale went off quite flat, only @ small Sone ene. Cumberland ia quoted at 48a, Od. 0448; Long Middle, 438. (1. a 468.; Short Middle, 458, a 488. Cheese easier, but quotations unchanged. Lard dull and selling for 498. « 508. Tallow slow of sale but prices unc! : LIVERPOOL PRODUGE MARKRT. Pataches quiet but firm. Pearl ashes ditto. Sugar steady. Rice quiet. Rosin dull at 4s. Sd. for common. Qvercitron dull, but prices unaltered. Ciover seed cull at 478, a 488, LONDON MARKETS. Loxpoy, March 24, 1858. Rreadetofs dull apd declining. Wheat is down a. Sugar frm on better grades, but inforior qualities have slightly declined. Coffee heavy and quotations barely maintained. Tea from Congon is selling for is. 1d. Rice dull, with a slight decline on all qualities. Tallow firm at She. Linseed Off 298 a 298. 3d. iron firm. Sales on the Clyde at 56a. Od. a BOe. Od, declined 68. LATRST MARKETS, Lowpow, March 24—Noon. Consols 967; a 97); for money, and 07}; for account. Liverroot, March 242 P. M. Sales of cotton to-day, 7,000 bates. The market cloeing with a declining tendency. Breadstuffs weak in prices, with but little inquiry. Provisions generally unchanged. Raat, Estate mw Boston.—The residence of Hon. S.A te ge Beacon | i : I A Prue Promt—The Trog Times says the pre- Jiminaries for @ luistic enconnter between Con. Fitzge- rald and John , Of Albany, for $5008 have bees 1 by friends of each; the Nght place in ‘weeks Lime somen hore in Canada, AFFAIRS A? THE STATE CAPITAL FEW YORK LeGisLaTURE, Senate. Aumaxy, April 6, 1868, REMONSTRANCES By Mr. Scent, (dem.)—Of tho Caamber of Commerce ageivet increasing the rates of wharfage in New York and Rrooklyp; also of the Chamber of Commerce againat taking from the New York Common Council tho right to regulate the steamboat piers and landings. REPORTS. Thirty bil's were reported and ordered te a third read: ‘ng. Among them the moat important wero az e: Amending tho law relative to the taxation of corpora tions. To authorize the Boards of Supervisors to correct the asserement rolia when tho assessor cannot, To incorporate the Germans’ Savings Association of the city of New York. To extend tho charter of the New Dock Company. To incorporate the Great South Bay Steam Navigation Company. Relative the drainage of lands in Ulster county. To regulate the sale of manures, and to incorporate the New York Pure Milk Company. The Senate voted to reconsider the voto of Saturday redacing the toll op canals, with the view of obtaining information from the Capal Department, BILLS PASSED, To revive the charter of the Albany and New Baltimore Ship Canal Company. NOTICES OF RILIS. By Mr, Noxon (rep.) 0 provide the means necessary to complete the lateral canals, and secure tho navigation of the Erie canal, with a depth of six feet of water. BMS PASSED. Py end the Revised Sta‘utes relative to the partition an To amend the act extending the jurisdiction of the Courts of General and Special Sessions of New York. To organise a State Lunatic Asylum for insane convicts. To amend the charter of the Hrooklyn City Hospital. Relative to Superintendente of the Poor in Kings county. Toamend the Revised Statutes relative to the exemption of property from execution on judgments for servants’ wogrs. i repealing section three of tho laws of 1857 rolativo to fare on the Central Railroad, known as the Dime law, ‘was orderod to a third reading by 17 to7. The bill to secure to steamboat lines ia New York the use of their cld piers was up before the Senate commit teo today. Much interest was manifested in tho result by a second lopby from New York against the bill from the Chamber of Commerce. Mr. Deiancy and others addressed the commitiee against the bill ‘Tho following important bills wero referred to bo re- ported completa :— Relative to the Northern Railroad of New Jersey. Relative to refunding bead moneys on emigranta ar- riving at tbe port of New York. To insure the speedy termination of causes in the Court of Appeals. To incorporate the Central American Commercial and Industrial Company. Relative to the appointment of deputy aborifts by re- commendation of the Governor. To change tho school year and amend the Inws reiative to pabiic instruction. To reduco the capital stock of the Onondaga Rank. To extend the charter of the Screw Dock Company. boron to the superintending of the poor in Kings county. REPORTH. By Mr. Srixo1a—To repeal the law of 1857 relative to re-burnivg charcoa! in Brooklyn. By Mr. Dives—Adverse to the bill to regulate the eala- ries of deputies and clerks in the State offices. Laid on the table. PARES ON TILE CENTRAL RAILROAD. Tho bill to repeal the third section of the law of 1857 relative to fares on the Central Raiiroad, commouly known as the Half-Dime law, was read a third time and passed— ayes 19, nays 6. RELATIVE TO RANKS. The Senate, in general orders, ordered to a third read- ing the bill to prevent banks of ‘issue and discount from acting a6 savings inatitutions. ‘The committee is now discussing the bill recommeaded by the Pilot Commissioners to regulate the wharves, piers and glipe ip the city of Mr. Doherty having the floor in opposition to the bill, there is no prospect of a vote till very late. Assembly. "ALBANY, April 5, 1853. A bill te amend the assessment laws was reported com- plete. Mr. Barxes (rep.) moved to exclude all peraons from the floor not having the privilege thereof by the rule and by invitation. Adopted. Mr. Fery (rep.) on a question of privilege, allnded to an article in the Albany Journal stating that on Friday even- Ing tho Dill to amend tho Emigrant Steerago act had been placed out of ite order in the third reading of bills, and calling it a piece of legislative legerdemain. THe explalne1 that the bill had, by consent, been laid asido by its frienda, in order to allow its oppopents then absent an opportu ity to be present and attend to it. This was the whole of the mare’s nest. Mr. Surmm (dem.) rose on as question of privilege, to apologiee for a basty remark which escaped him on Satar- day on the defeat of the Emigrant Steerage bill, when he bad congratulated = the House on its supportiog a pack of vex. The Srxaker said that the words had not been recoguiz- ed as uttered within the bar of the House. HILLS PASRED, For the rolief of the Common Council aad Supervisors of New York of 1857. To authorize the city of Auburn to convey the armory site to the state, To amend the act establishing courts of civil and crimi- nal jurisdiction in Brooklyn. To provide for the removal of the obstructions from the outlet of Cayaga lake and channel of Seneca river. To repeal the Railroad Assessment law of 1857. Passed wes $2; nays none. extend the charter of the Firemen and City In- surance Company, New York. To amend the charter of the Sun Mutual and Scbonoctaly Mutual Insurapco Companies. To re the law authorizing the election of special Judge of Ulster county. afternoon seanion having been spent in debates on Mr. Law's project to form a fund for the completion of tho canals, by ® Wwapafer of unc! vd dividends from courts and banks to the State, Mr. Anuernonc presented @ minority report against the measure. -_ ‘Law made an elaborate argument in support of the ‘Tho Sreaxen repiicd against the bill. Progress was ro- RILLS PARED. For the relief of the Onondaga tribe of Indians. To provide for the enlargement of the Chemung canal To authorize the Harlem Railroad to run by staam to Thirty-second street. A motion to reconsider this bill, by Mesers. b.. T Delaney, was voted down. To amend act to develope the resources of the Mon- teruma ralt q For the re! the Westchester County Railroad Com- Pomeed the State Woman's Hospital charter. To declare the Buffalo and Lake Huron Railroad a cor- ation. Pre allow the Buffalo and Pitteburg Railroad Company to consolidate with the Buffalo and Brantford Railroad. Adjourned. Our Albany Correspondence. ALnany, April 3, 1858, Another Tafpingement on the Rights of the Oity—Shall Aliens HoTl Real Estale?— Where Shall Representatives Reside?—More Public Plunder— Dredging and Bridge at Whitehall—Morning Prayers at the Capitol—General Lockwood's $40,000—A Spiritualist on a Jury— Abstracts of Bills, de Ieaac Newton's bill, overriding the Corporation of New York in the regulation of piers and docks, which recently pasted the House by a strong vote, is a second edition of the Metropolitan Police bill, One is just as much an in fringement on the rights of the community of the city of New York aa the other, Members of the House who sustain Mr. Newton's bill need no longer stuitify them- selves by Cenouncing the action of the last Logisiature in passing the police law. In justice to Mesers. Fags, Lynch, and Delany, it is well to state that they opposed the mea- sure in able speeches, and nearly tho entire city delega- tion, in voting against it. As it has yet to pass the Senate, Mr. Enge threatened to appeal to that body to defeat it. But it ie already decided that Isaac Newton porsesses more power and authority than the whole New York Com mon Counct!, and the bill wiil beeome a law. A bill has been before the Senate for several weeks making it a general thing allowing aliens to hold real entato. As roveral special acta are annually granted, several Sena- tors folt disposed to dispense with such special legialation, and allow every person to hold and convey real cstate, though not « naturalized citizen. The discussion wasa warm one—Senators Mather, Wadsworth and Wheeler advocating the principle, while Senator Diven and others spoke egainat it. [t finally failed, the Americans and re- publicane uniting in defeating it, A foreigner eannot become fully @ citizen ender five years, though he may have brought large amounts of funds with him to invest in city property, in farms or Western lands, and is compelled to wait during that period before he can purchage, sel! or convey. It seems there is no real danger in inviting per- sons to invest their funds in real estate, though not faily Possensed of citizenship. Is there any politics in opposing the measure? Is there any Know Nothing proscription in- volved in preventing the passage of the bill? It haa Iately paaned tha Honse by a large majority. ‘The privilege of allowing members of tho Logistature living In one Assembly district and representing the peo- ple in another district, waa broached in tne Constitutional Convention of 1846, when that body was discussing the Propriety of electing members of the Assembly by single districts, On the 28th of July, Mr. Rhoades, a delegate from Onondaga, moved an amendment to the proposition under consideration, ‘so #8 to provide thas members of 3 Assembly may bechoren from any part of a county i whick the dirtrict represented is situated, but requiring the representative to be a ree| font of the coumty,”? Mr. Nicholas, delegate from Ontario, contended “that if the constitution sanetiored the selection of candidates ont ‘of the district where they are to be voted for, it must de- feat the principal Objects of the single district system, which are (o prevent political combinations in large counties, and to bring the candidate and his constituents nearer together, so that candidates may be generally known within thelr district.’ The proposition submited by Mr. Rhoades waa promp'ly voted down. A day or two previous, when the single district system was wader discussion, Mr. Waterbury, from Delaware, remarked that ‘bo liked the plan of single districta. Many a man bad been olected to the Assembly from hit county who would not haye come bad he atood alone; na war in favor of bavipg every tub stand upoa its own bot- tom, end here was an opportunity for those who talked «o moch abcut the dear people to come right lown to them.’” Here we dnd that the proposition to allow peravos ro- siding in other than their own Assembly districts, in the eame county, decidedly rejected. The idea was 40 falla- cious that \t wes not considered worthy, of any oonsidera- tien, It was 4) unsound, 39 unpopular, that the coaven- tion thovgbt |t so far beneath ths good senso of the people that \t was unworthy of @ probibitory clause in the constitution, And if they would not permit 4 person living in ono part of his own county to represent anoiher part of the same territory outside of his own Assemb!y district, how much moro promptly would the convention have voted down a proposition to allow a person living im Washington county to represent one of the election dia- tricts in the city of New York? All tha pablic plonder does pot occur on the lina of the Erie cana}, as many people aro led to imagine The dia- position prevails even here, Tho last instance of alleged plunder from the public treasury is the case of the eon- tractors for dre the harbor of Whitehall, the head. ofthe Champlaincanal. A sand bar had formed which in Rome measure impeded the conraa of canal and ataam= boats. A law was parsed appropriating oighteon thonsand: dollars, after having the stutistica and surveys of an on gincer of the measure of cubic yar’s of earth (not ico, or enow, as Engineer Hartwell certified to in another contract) necessary to be excavated. Frauds t> a great extent are alleged to Dave been committed in the mea- upon those frauds large amonota bave been mptrolier Hurrows. A select committee of the Sepate bas just completed ap investigation, and tho testimony ia in the hands of Senator Diven, from which he ip pesperag his report, which wiil be presented in a day or two. Another caso of a similar character ia the atempt to build abridge at Whiteball. Eight thougand ¢o lara tha State expended under the late American administration, and now the structure ie in anch 9 dilapitated condition, the crosetng is so dangerous, tho pulic ara probibited from passing over it.” Aa investiga tien into the expend'ture of the public funds in the attempt to build thia bridge bas beeu going on for w a week before a commilien of the House, If therein the least reliability in the goesipof Masam Rumor, the poitt- cal Know Nothing jockies at and about Whitchall are not a whit bebind any of the “bard pan’’ or ‘‘ice and snow’? sharpers on the Erie or Oawego Caval in bleeding the treasury. Will Mr. Richarida, of the House, present bia ‘port on this bridge question as soon as convenient? The esvion in drawing t a ciese. The time is about expiring with the present publishers of the legal potices, under contract made three years since, Other parties were appointed by the late Stato <fiicers, but an injunction ebut them eff Now, Mr. Sena- tor Loveland, (republican,) foresselng that uoder the present law a change ie inevitable, informs the Jenate that he iptends to amend that Jaw. The publicadvertieing and pricting for this great State is necessarily endrmous, but under the presert iaw a practical printer would say the more work he bas to do the worse be ie olf, But we'll wait for Mr. Loveland’s now proposition. The morning prayers beld in one of the committes roome of the capital are well attended. The membora of the Legislature are beginning to realize the benefits of the — brethren. Deacon Rawson ¢tates that be was appy to see prevent this morning threo distinguished members of tho Honee, viz.:—the gentieman from Ooon- doge, the gentleman from Krie,and the gentioman from Monroe, These ‘revivals,’ whether of religion or anything elee,are in their way most useful and excellent institu- tion Thovgh the re neur forty shone: there is no probability renliz It te paid the Attorney G intends te carry the case Tut, te. cannot be estimated when the question will be settled. As the Legislature, tn the case of Lockwood's final auc cena, are to appropriate the funds, eome diflicalty may be experienced on that account. Spiritaalim bas recently appeared in # new pharo bere- abouts. Upon the recent trial, the third one, of McCann ia thia city, for slaughter iog bis wife with au axe « peraon Was placed on the jury who turned oat to be « aptritaatiat. Wren the jury first canvassed the guilt of the priconer in their room, eleven were at once convinced of the prison- ers baving committed the oflence charzed against him, while be was in asene mind. But this single individual alone stood ou! against conviction. Ln this condition the Jury stood for the remarkably long period of sixty hours, when finally they were compeiled to come into court with- oUt agreeing upon a verdict. Tne spiritualist informed tha Jnry several times that he could not make up his mind aa to the guilt or innocence of tho prisoner, and as there ro- mained doubts in his mind, bo should reserve those doubts for the benefit of the prisoner, romarking at the same time that if he coult be permitted to return to his home, rome #ix miles from the city, and there, through @ “medium,” consult the “spirits would be able to de- cide whether MoCann killed bis wife, and also, whether he was in a sane mind when he committed the deed, committed it If this fenaticiam is aprewting to such tent it wiil be well for District Attorney 8 to add interrogations to petit jurymen in capital cases, Mr. Ames bas introduced a bill repealing the law which reeuraing the Common Council of New York from makiag granta of land under water, contioning, Lewever, the prox bibition cf grants beyoud the limite of the city. Mr. Stow has introduced @ bill authorizing the Canal Board to award £10,000 to the first person who shall prac- theally (emonetrate the advantageous (so of steam in pro- pe! ing boats upon the canals of thia State. Mr. Hanford has introduced a bill providing for the rates on the Brooklyn ferries, The rates for foot andro much humbug, that probably nothing will be cope with any of them. Reduction of the Tolls The following communication was made by the Auditor, N. T. Benton, to the Senate on the vd instent:— Casa. Derantexst, Arnasy, March 31, 1858, Resolved s the Lopisiatore concur), Mat the rates of toli on the following articles of property transported apon the canals of (hin State, be reduced ag follows, if the Oanal Roard shall find it expedient to do so to protect the revenues of the canals, to wit» 1862, 1868, Io m fr. cla. m. fr. Flour and whiskey, 30 o20 sett eeeeees . 30 o16 Racon, cheewe, lard, lard oil, 16 o10 Butter and tallow... 30 o1¢@ ‘Wool, and pot and pearl ashes 40 020 Lider, raw end imported meatic nd othe: + 6 0 os 0 Sugar, meiasrer, cofise, iron in , bundles steel, rail ‘rede, botler: iron, ents, spikes, horse ahom, et ery, Sod geeBare, Lin, rosin, piten, tarpentipe, oil, chain cabies, sochors cakum, mineral wa ters, oysters and clams, dye ‘woods, end all other morchan dize not enw 1,060 0 40 e200 mile. Recoiec Pethae the oe onal — Copy of the above resolutions to fcislatare and ask @ concurrence therein im behalf of this ltcard, City Intelligence. Tur St. Nicnotas Society. —The members of this Society celebrated the festival of Pans Inet evening, at the St. Ni- cholas Hotel. There was a large attendatice, and the mect- ing was prolonged to a late hour. Patat, Accipent At New Brosewnee.—We are informed by Mr. Coulter, conductor on the New Jersey railroad, of fatal accident which ocenrred yesterday afternoon at the paper manufactory of Ayres & Foster, near New Brunswick. The victim in this sad disaster was Johan Ayres, one of the members of the firm—his body by some means becoming entangled, in the machinery by which he was instantly killed, New York Tyrocrarmeat Usiow—At tho meeting of this society, held on Saturday evening last, Mosara. Geo W. Smith and poe B. Young were elected de! to the National nion, which is to meet at Chicago in May, proximo. Fine 1x DCAW® STREET.—At about 10 o'clock last night a fire broke out ia the four story buliding No. 161 Duane street, Tho firemen were very quickly at work and ex- building or stock above the second floor. Taeurence Companies; tos eeuiniated at about $000 peurance Companies ; Brothers ‘oeured for $1,000 in the St. Mark's y i be about The *« Owned by Mtr, Wedel: the. damage done to i gil be