The New York Herald Newspaper, February 10, 1858, Page 2

2 fen, and particularly by a prominent nobleman Gistinguished for his attachment to the cause of freedom. By this nobleman Mina was made ac- quainted with General Scott, of the United States rmy, then on « visit to Eugland. He was also fur nished with a ship, arms and military stores by some English gentiemen attached to the cause of freedom, Cenable him to prosecute an enterprise he had been me time meditating against the Spanish province IMexico, as the quarter whence the moat severe bw conld be struck against the tyranny of King ferdinand. Mina, in drawing his sword in favor of the independence of Mexico, considered he was | espousing a cause consonant witb those principles | of liberty for which he became an exile from his native land. Power and place might have beea his if he had chosen to float in the eddy o court favor, | bot his character and principles forbade him. De- | feated in his attempt to uphold the Cortes and the Cause of Spanish freedom in Husope, he devoted | himself to the cause of liberty in America, Mina had originally intended Wirect to the Mexican coast, conceiving that the inhabitants generally would rise io favor; but altering bis plan in consequence of part of his designs in Europe being frustrated, and some information that he received, he sailed from England for Chesapeake Bay in the mouth of Ma’, 1816, accompanied by thirteen Spanish and Ttaliay and two English officera, After a passage of fortysix days the sbip arrived in Hampton Roads. ‘The General disembarked at Norfolk, whence he proceeded to Baltimore, where the ship arrrived on the 3d of July. Mina here made an arrangement for @ fast sailing brig, pierced for guns, and purchased artillery, military stores, clothing, c., for his army. ‘The ship was prepared for passengers, and Mina visited Philadelphia and New York, where several Americans and Eeropeans volunteered their services and offered to accompany him. He was not desirous of anementing his force except as to officers, being wnder the impression, as before remarked, that he ‘would be joined by the natives on landing in Mexico. He learned that the patriots in Mexico who had risen against the royal government, maintained strong guerrilla forces, and that a small fortress near Vera Cruz was held by the patriot general, Guada- lupe Victoria. . On the 28th of Angust, 1816, the ship having Cleared for St. Thomas, took on board about two hun- Gred passengers, under the direction of Colonel Count de Routh. Mina remained to go in the brig, which was not ready, and the ship was ordered to proceed to Port au Prince, there to await the arri of the General. The ship left the Capes of Vi ae a on the Ist of September, in company with a schoon- | er which had been hired by Mina, having on board acompacy of artillery, under Colonel Myers. The brig being ready for sea, Genera! Mina and his staff embarked and sailed from Baltimore on the 27th of September. During his stay in that city the sim- plicity and modesty of his demeanor, the honesty of his transactions, and his youth and gentlemanly de portment gained him the esteem and sympathy of a considerab! ‘on of its society. xy On arriving at Port au Prince, Mina was received with attention by Petion, then President of Hayti, who afforded every assistance in his power. The expedition d from Port au Prince, and effected a landing at Galveston, ia Texas. Among the American officers under Mina, were Colonels od Perry, both of whom had been Gistinguishe] in the service of the United States. Both these officers lost their lives in Mexico during this campai, The attention of Geseral Mina was Girected to the organization of his regiments at Gal- veston. OMcers were appointed to the different corps which it was expected would be filled up. Soon after the descent was made, Commodore Aury, who held a commission in the service of the Mexican patriots as Governor of Texas and General in the anny, had a force of two hundred troops under him at Galveston, for the invasion of Texas; but he de- Clined uniting with Mina. Colonel Perry, who com manded a body of one hundred Americans under Aury, determined to quit, the service of the latter, and join Mina, which he did, afters quarrel with Aury. Mina baving himself visited New Orleans on busi peas, embsrked his small forse of about three han- dred men irom Galeston for Soto la Marina, at the mouth of the river Santander, where a landing was effected on the 15th’ of April, 4si7, A printing press was established and the General's manifesto published. About two | of the oy to proceed | hia | | with England, by the fitting out of a great number | of privateers to operate against the Spanish com- merce. In these movements Baltimore was the fo- cus of activity, and in a few years it embraced with- in its limits many of the most active of our navy officers, among whom was Commodore Porter." ‘This officer had been tried by ® United States Court Mar. tiv! for an alleged violation of or non-compliance with the instivetions of the Secretary of the Navy, and " ded for a period of six months. Unwilling, to remain inactive, he took advantage of the opportunity presented to enter the Mexican ser- vice, and, aided by the Colombian and Mexican pri- vateers, he drove the Spanish commerce from the ocean, Vera Cruz and Cartha: na were the it centres u rations of this fleet, and they extended their crnises all throngh the Caribbean sea and the Gulf of Mexico, hovering continually upon the coast of Cuba, and frequent! making dea- cents upen the unarmed towns. In proportion as | the Spanish commerce disappeared from the ocoan, many of the worst of these privateers extended their depredations upon the peaceful traders of other nations. ‘The first operations of this kind were those of the well known Lafitte, who had his centre of action at Barataria, on the coast of Louisi- ' his operations were broken up by the { government an@ himself and companions | taken prisoners to New Orleans. Several of his | vessels escaped, and afterwards, joined by others of | his companions, founded that horde of pirates upon the coast of Cuba that afterwards grew up to such @ fearful extent. FILIBUSTERISM IN FAVOR OF THE GREEKS. The efforts of the Greeks to obtain their indepen- dence elictted great sympathy in this country, and in 1823 a plan was started by General Felix Hueston to go to their aid with a party of chivalrous spirits from this continent. This gentleman made exten- sive preparations, and obtained the highest letters of recommendation, commending his gallantry and the cause he was engaged in, from President Adams, Henry Clay, who was at that time Secretary of State, Mr. Forspth, Daniel Webster, General Lafay- ette, who was then visiting the United States, and many others. All of these gentlemen were perfectly well ‘aware that the plans of General Hueston were to take men and material aid from the port of New York. Large amounts of money were col- lected among the people as a proof of their practical sympathy for the Greeks. For reasons which have never been made puplic, General Hues- ton desisted from his enterprize, although in it he had the countenance of the highest in the land. | THE CONGRESS OF AMERICAN REPUBLICS | AT PANAMA. The efforts of the Spanish-American States to ob- | tain foreign assistance in their war with the mother | country did not cease with the failure of previous | expeditions. In 1824 the followingplan for a gene- | { | ral Congress of American nations was brought for- ward by Bolivar, who had by this time become the | most prominent character in the struggle for South | American independence:— | “The objects of the confederation are to complete the independence of the New World by expelling the foreign forces that still occupy certain points; to adjust existing differences between some of the American States, and to facilitate the emigration of those who are disposed to abandon Europe and settle on this side of the Atlantic “The Genera! Congress to be composed of three deputies from each tree State, and to be organized in any part of the Floridas that the United States may designate. An expedition to be forthwith fitted out against the Island of Cuba with the com- bined forces of the confederation. Those forces to consist of six ships of war from each of the three ae nations—that is to say: the United States, Mexico and Colombia; three from Buenos Ayres, Peru and Chile, and one from St. Domingo. The number of troops from each of the principal Powers to be three thousand men, and from the others in proportion, “An amphictionic council to be afterwards formed in Havana, which, in case of emergency, shall name a general to command the forces of the con- federation, though the election of one may be left rpately to each of the States—that is to say: the United States, Mexico, Colombia,” &c., &c., Ke. Many of the States resolutions approving of the object of the Congress of Panama, and it caused a violent and long continued discussion in Congress. The ronment of the United States de- clined to become a party ,to the Saar Congress at Panama, but appointed a complimentary commis- sion to go there and announce to the Assembly its determination. This commission was composed of | Richard C. Anderson, at that time United States Minister to the republic of Colombia, John Sergeant, of Philadelphia, and William B. Rochester, of New York. In consequence of the position taken by the government of the United States in order to prevent any evil col nences that might result from an in- vasion of the Island of Cuba, together with other causes, no action wastaken by this Congress, and it adjourned to meet at Tacubaya, near tht city of Mexico. It is sufficient to add that the second meet ing of the Congress never took place. It will be seen that the object of the Congress o hundred natives in a few days afterwards joined | the army of Mina; among these were tro royalist | oficers. Colovel Perry, the American officer we | have mentioned, and who was at the battle of New eans, became discoutented with Mina’s prospects | novements, and, with fifty of his men, left the ir g army with tse intention of returning to the United States. He marched along the coast towards Matagorda, where he expected to meet boats for a | conveyance. Near Matagorda he fell in with a body of two b 2 Spanish cavalry. The Americans combat nst this sup or force until y man on their #.de was killed except Perry. Thi Co then put a pistol to his own head and termi ce This mov of Perry is very similar to thet of Critten pez on his second expedition, with th number of men, and endeavored to yet back to the United States in boats. He was Captured at sea and executed, with all hia men, at | Havana. The end of Perry's remiods us of | that of Col. Pragay, who also died } pwn hand | in the same way, rather than fail in hands of | i “Col, Peagay, it will emembered, | was and ove of the leaders of the ill: | fated expedition a under Lope, and it is «aid I tan end to his life to avoid Leing taken prisoner y the enemy. On the 24th of May, 1817, with the emall force of oly three dred and eight men, General Mina mented his march from Soto la Mariua for the | or of the country. The spirit of independence, | ‘Which before this was greatly on the wane, was now renewed. Qn the Sth of June Mina encountered a the royalist, and routed them. He continued his “march with rpidity, and Guived anotier victory over a wreatly superior force on the 15th of J In this action the patriot lead- er proved bim-elf to be as las he was brave, and acquired the highest confi lence of his followers, Ju this engeyement which was called the battle of Pe he xe hundred and seventy men, while the enemy seventeen hundred, of whom | eleven hundred were cavalry. Mina’s loss in killed and wounded was fifty six men. Hed he ater this ; action a thousand instead of the small band of fo- reiwvers be commanded, it was believed that he might bave marched directly on thg city of Mexico, After Chirty days march, during witch bis army had ‘one over & distance of two hundred and twenty f Mina reached Sombrero, a fortress of the +, where he was warmly welcomed. The num had with him when he reached this place was ’, of whom tweuty-five were wounded. The pa | ot force with which he formed a junction at Som- | Drero Was about 300. ‘The Viceroy of Mexico organ'zed an army of five | thousand men to march against Mina, a large pert of which attacked the fort held by the patricta. They were, however, repulaed, bat continued the wiege for several days, during which the patriots per- formed prodigies of valor. Colonel Young ws 4 on the ramparts, and fell while the royalist+ were retreating before his troops. He was ai of great bravery and skili, and highly esteemed by Mina, his officers and men He been a Liente + Colonel in the 20th regiment of the United Infantry. ‘fhe fort was finally taken by the troops, and of the 209 who entered it with HO escaped, Those who were takea pri overs were shot by order of the royalist general » who had left the fort for the patpose » be eneoor mipplies, remained for several sy © the neighborhood, with a small body of cavalry He proceeded to Low Remedios, a patriot fortress in which was a body of 1,490 peasantry, besides women an dren. It was the headquarters of Padre To 4 patriot leader. Mir command of a body of nine bond allied ont to harass the royulita. T afterwards increased, and Mina for a lon, wp & guerrilla warfare, with which he Jem lar in Spain. After a most remarkabl @xploi Mina was surprised while on a Send, and separated froto bis tre He was ebot @n the Lith of Novemver, 181 y order of the ‘Viceroy of Mexico, Thus perished this gallant man br the Beth of his age. His short but brilliars urver entitles him to o distinguished place among | Bhowe beroes who bave died in the cause of | Freedom. | DUEL COLOMMIAN PRIVATEERS AND COM MODORE PORTER. The efforts of the Apanish-Amescan colonies to fecure their independence were largely seconded in } Gbe United Stotes, more particularly after the war kept A been 80 | ries of to a Nations at Panama was to drive the Spanish powe from Cuba and Porto Rico, thus destroying its las upon the New World. In connection with th | movements abroad secret societies of many kinds were organized in Cuba, all fostering opposition to the government. There were “Free Masons,” “Car- bonari,” “Ring Men,” “Communists” and others: but 4 s called the “Sons of Bolivar” was most widely e d and most feared by the authori- ties. “Vives, who was at that tir stain General, unable to cope with them by force, employed cua- ning. Agents were found who, assaming the mask of conspirators, pe Through these means the gov nt directed the movements of the conspirators teelf, and the Captain General became the f conspirator. The “Sons of Bolivar’ were se- ted to be made an example of, and by advising and precipitating their movements the chief con- ire were all caught ia a well devised net, on the rising in open rebellion. Many of the parties icated, including several officers of the army, were banished or sent prisoners to Spaia. One officer, Gas par Antonio Rodriguez, was ished into pronouncing in favor of independence at Matanzas, where complete measures he suppression of the movement had secretly taken. The affair consequently ex- 1, and Rodriguez succeeded in gesting on board a Colombian privateer in the offing. In connection with these movements an expedition was partly pre- in Carthagena by the government of New } Ja; but it was ear in conseqnence of the decided opposition of the American government, communicated through its diplomatic agents. MEXICAN FILIBUSTERING ON CUBA. The Tacubaya Convention of American Republics having falien through, efforts were made in Mexico to revive the revolutionary feeling in Cnim and ex pel the Spanish government. A secret society, hav- ng ite centre in Mexico, waa formed under the name of the “Black Eagle,” and its ramifications were ex- itended through # large portion of Cuba. The move- ment was very early discovered by the Spanish go- vernment, which sacceeded in arresting one of the agents, who came from Mexico, with important pa: pers, and many arrests were made. Some of the parties were sentenced to death, which was after. wards commated to imprisonment, and tie whole thing was quashed. THE TEX MOVEMENT. The overthrow of Mexican dominion and autho i Texas wes accomplished by Mexicans and ne, who either had settled in that State, or went there for the purpose of assisting their fellow countrymen against what they regarded asthe anjost demands and exactions of the central power of that republic, The first American settler of Texas was Moses Austin, « native of Connecticut, who obtained from Iturbide authority as colonizing contractor to give grants of land to actual settlers for the purpose of encouraging emigration to that fertile region. He alco procured the additional encouragment of free- éom from taxes and duties on goods imported into the territory."* With these inducements he retarned | to the United States with the intention of organizing a company of settlers; bat the labors he had already endured iv carring ovt his designs had proved too much tor bis physical energies, and he sank under them soon after his return. To his son Stephen was devolwed the task which he had left unfinished, and ns | under bim a small baod of emigran%s were conducted to their new home in the valley of the Colorado. {In a few years the colony became quite prosper ous, and the population received large accessions to their number from the United States. Up to the year 1830 they met with no obstacle to their on- ward progress, and but for the action of the Mexican Congres, which passed a law prohibiting emigra tion from this country, they might have continued still longer in their career of improvement. A nata- ber of emigrants who had left their homes to join the settlement were refused permission to cross the boundaries, and were obliged to retarn. This con | guct on the part of Mexico waa simply the develope- ment of a feeling of enmity which she had for some years entertained towards the colonists, and which the British government did all in its power to strengthen. The difference in language, manners and customs also tended greatly to widen the breach between the two people, and pretext was not long wanting to bring them into open hostility. Forgetful of the compact which they had entered into with the —eolonists, the Mexican government established Cus- tom Houses and posted troops along the frontiers. ‘The Texans complained of this new order of things as a violation of faith, and the refusal of the govern- ment to recede from its action aroused a spirit of opposition that nothing could subdue. Resolved to enforce ‘obedience to its authority, the government arrested some of the leading colonists, abolished the official acts of the authorities, and committed other outrages upon the people. The Texans were now Sully aroused, and determined to be their own rulers. Organizing an armed force, they compelled the re- lease of those who had been imprisoned, and, driving out the garrisons, tod& possession of all the Mexican forts in the territory. In 1833 a Convention of the colonists was held at San Felipe, for the purpose of forming a State con- stitution. A memorial drawn up by this body, and asking permission to establish a State government, was presented by Austin to the Mexican Congress. The reception of Austin was rather unfavorable, and fearing that his mixsion would not be successful, he wrote back to that effect, advising the colonists to right themselves. Informhtion in regard to this letter uaving reached Mexico, Austin was arrested and thrown into prison, where he remained till Septem- ver, 1835. In March of that year a new Texas Legis- lature was elected, and an act was passed for the benefit of several speculators authorizing the sale of vome vacant lands. The act was digapproved of by Santa Anna,who ordered the forcil aking up of the Legislature and the imprisoni its members. General Cos was entrusted with the execution of this order. The settlera now resolved on absolute ind pendence, took up arms once more, and seized seve- ral important fortresses, among which was the Alamo. The first struggle of the revolution took pine at Gonzales, where the Mexicans were re- a} 5 : In October the Texans had over six hundred men in the field and were victorious in all their ape A battle was fought at —- cion by one hundred Texans against a greatly superior Mexican force, in which the latter were do- feated with a loss of one hundred in killed and wounded. The year 1835 crowned the Texan arms with success, but the year following they lost every advantage they had gained. General Houston was at the head of the army, and was generally censured as the cause of the disasters and defeats which the ‘Texans suffered. Port after fort was taken from them or yielded up, and the army, whichin 1835 had driven the Mexicans out of the territory, was now in its turn forced to retreat through the want of reso- lntion in its general. A reinforcement of a thousand volunteers with arms and ammunition arrived from the United States, but up to the battle of San Jacinto the reverses of the colonists continued. The Alamo had again exchanged possessors, and was now in the hands of Mexicans, and the Texan garrison of Fort Goliad, numbering about three hundred men, were massacred in cold blood, after giving up their arms on condition of being sent back tothe United States. General Houston, who adopted the idea that he must fall back to the Red River, continued retreat- ‘ng before the forces of Santa Anna until President Burnet wrote to him that he must fight, and sent Gen. Rusk, who was then Secretury of War, to see that he did so. Pausing in his retreat, Gen. Houston exclaimed, “Let the responsibility rest on those who urge ine prynaturely into battle,” and on the 2ist of April the battle of San Jacinto was fought. The routof the Mexicans was complete, although Hous- ton, having received a slight wound, endeavored to stop the fight, exclaiming, “I am wounded—halt! Glory enough has been gained and blood enough shed for one day.” General Rusk and the other officers, who saw that to obey nis command would change victory to defeat, Naw on and the Mexi- cans were closely pursued Lamar’s cavalry. Santa Anna himself was captured, and subsequently sent tothe United States and placed at liberty. It is worthy of remark that General Quitman, whose na ne has subsequently been so much connected with these movements, reached the Texan army three days after the battle of San Jacinto was fought, he having marched across the country from Natchez with a body of reinforcements. As the war had been jast closed by the capture of Santa Anna, he returned to the United States. CONSPIRACY OF LOPEZ IN CUBA. The next movement of the filibusters in ebrono- logical order, was the attempt to effect a revolution in Cuba and establish an independent governmeat which should iead afterwards to the admission of that island into the American Union, after the man- ner of Bexas. The prime mover in initiating this scheme was General Narciso Lopez. He was a na tive of Venezuela, where at the early age of fourteen some cruelties practised by the patriot troops upon members of his family, induced him to join the Spanish army. Even at this tender age he was noted for the audacity of his character, and bis bold feats soon brought hii promotion. After the success of the patriot arms he went with the rest of the Spanish forces to Cuba, and snb- sequently to Spain. His career presents no points | of interest until the breaking oat of the Carlist war trated the most hidden secrets | | of these societies, and in some instances even be- | came their claus, i in 1805, when the same reckless bravery which he bad exhibited in Venezuela broaght him still farther promotion, He returned to Cuba, and for some years held yarions offices there, the last of which was Governor of Trinidad and Commander-in-Chiet of the Central Departanent. It was subsequent to this, while residing on a small estate near Cienfuegos, that he began, in the winter of 147 anJ the spring of 148, to mature a plan for revolutionizing the island. These movements becoming suspected by the government, an adjutant was sent from Havana to Clenfuegos, with orders to bring him under arrest to tue capital. On reaching Cienfuegos he p his mixson known to the Governor, who sent afte to Lopez, asking Lim to come into town, as he wished to vee him. Lopez had received advices which led bim to snepect the trae purpose of this conference; and taking bore, instead of riding into towu, rode directly acroaw the island to Cardenas—a distance of wome eighty miles. Finding no vessel about to de- part for the United States, he continued his flizht to atanzas— some twelve leagues farther -and got on board of a vessel bound to Bristol, R. 1 With his departure from Cuba, the revolutionary schemes falling through there, were transferred to the United Stater. When the war in Mexico was drawing to a close, and it was supposed that the army would be dis banded there, negotiations were entered into be- tween certain parties in Cuba and General Worth for the purpose of taking an expedition of from five to ton thousand men from Vera Cruz to Cuba, with the design of overturning the Spanish government. The determination of the government of the United States to disband tee troops at their respective homes broke up this scheme. FIRST ATTEMPT : COUNTRY. Lopez established himsel/ in New York, and soon gathered roand bim a number of Cubans, who carried on the ples for landing a filibuster force upon the island, which should assist the revolutioniste to overthrow the Spanish gov- ernment there. Dissension, however, arose between Lopez and the members of a Junta of Ca- bans which bad been formed. On this occurrence Genera Lopez transferred his headqnartera to the South and yr ceeded to prepare what has since been known ae the Round Island expedition. During the month of Angust, 1849, between fonr and five Wandred men were collected at a little island wes of the mouth of Mobile Bay, and they were there being organized Into an expedition against Caba Ty connection with this euterprive several steam shipa were employed in New % FROM THIS ‘ork for transporta tion, bot previous to their departure the steamers } and Cleopatra were seized and their parti eueral Tay ig in the expedition prevented lor iasned a prociammation waruing al! pe erlbarkiog: 4 hostile expeditions again countries, and the fleet in the Gulf of Mexico wae ordered to blockade the expeditionists at Round Island This was done by Lientenante Totten and Randolph, the latter of whom issued a proclamation to that effect. Round Island being within the juris diction of the State of oawren’ the Governor of that State isaed en order for the arrest of Ligute nant Randolph for having committed a_ vio lation of the righta of sovereignty of the State in blockading a partion of it. The result of all this was that the expedition was broken up, and J. L. O'Sullivan, now Minister to Portugal, and other par ties, were tried in New York for an infrin, tot the neutrality laws. They were, however, acquitted. THE CARDENAS EXPEDITION. After the breaking up of the Round Island expe- dition the breach between General Lopez and the Cuban Junte of New York was Ggal, ond be pro- ceeded to get up # new expedition from New Or- Jeans. In view of the difficulty that had been expe- rienced in the last attempt by having the point of organization within the territory of the United States, it was determined to select a place not within its jurisdiction. In accordance with this plan six hundred men, divided into three eqnal divisions, were embarked for the Island of Mugeres, off the coast of Yucatan. The steamer Creole was pur- chased to convey them from that island to the coast of Cuba. Early in May she departed from New Orleans, and on the 15th of that month the expedi- tion was embarked from Mugeres for its destination. Proceeding along the Gulf coast, the expedition landed during the night of the 19th at the town of Cardenas, where a sharp resistance was made by the Governor, who fortified himself in the stone house in which he resided. The baa caused by this operation broke up the plan of , whicl was to have embarked hia expedition on the railroad train for Matanzas, and to take that city by sur- prire. The inhabitants abandoned the town, and the expedition remained there during the whole of the 20th, but in the evening they embarked sein on board the Creole, and departed for Key West, at which place they arrived the next day, narrow! escaping capture by the Spanish war steamer Pi- zarro, Which was in pursuit. This ship had been to the Island of HnESTSS, and captured the Susan Loud and another vessel which had taken portions of the expedition to that island; but Gading that Lopea had already departed, immediately proceeded to Ha- vana, where she learned that he was at Matanzas. At Key West the whole expedition was dissolved. ‘The vessel of Lopez was seized by order of the United States government, and he waa afterwards arrested at Savannah for a violation of the neutrali- ty laws. He was, however, acquitted, in the absence of the requisite evidence, and an attempt which was afterwai made by the United States au- thorities at New Orleans to secure his con- ‘viction was equally unsuccessful. LAST FXPEDITION AND DEATH OF LOPEZ. Although defeated in his first effort for the independence of Cuba, be was not discouraged, and after his acquittal proceeded in the rk of organization with his usual energy. He was satisfied that the creoles in the other parts of the {sland were more reliable than those of Car- denas, and the correspondéhce which he kept ap with some of the most prominent assured him of liberal supplies, both of men and money, wher he should make his next descent. The experience of the Cardenas expedition was, however, but ill calcu- lated to inspire the American filibusters with any confidence that the creoles would fulfil their pro- mises, and they therefore awaited some action on their part before they would again consent to enlist in their cause. The creole leaders were informed of this dete:mination, and replied that they would themselves take the imitiative this time. July was fixed npon os the time tor the contemplated rising, and a declaration of indenendence was to be read at some time between the Ist and 4th of that month. On the 3d of duly the first movement was made near the town of Puerto Principe, by Joaquin de Agnero y Sanchez, at the head of a small force of creole’, and a cry was raised of “ Liberty— death to the Spaniard.” Out of four hundred who were expected to join him, not more than fifteen did so, and being attacked by a superior force of the Spanish troops, before they could retreat they were routed and their leader taken prisoner. A small body of creoles continued ap organized opposition to the Spanish government in the bills about Las Tunas, in a night attack spon which town two parties of them encountered each other and fought in the dark. After a few weeks they were entirely dispersed and many of them cap- tured and executed. A similar movement was at- tempted in the vicinity of Trinidad, but it resulted in nothing more than publishing a pronunciamiento and their dispersion. ‘Three of the leaders here were also executed. In the meantime Lopez, who had been informed of these risings and their reported successes, made im- mediate preparations to = them. The Pampero, *hich was employed by him for the transportation of the filibusters, started for Cuba with Lopez and four hundred and eighty men, the utmost she conld carry with safety. At Key West Lopez received a letter from a supposed friend in Havana, but who was real- ly in the pay, of the Spanish government. His cor- respondent stated that Pinas del Rio was the best — to land at, as nearly the whole of the Vuelta Abajo had risen. Not saspecting the treachery of bis pretended friend, Lopez altered his course, which he had previously intended to direct to Puerto Principe, and im s0 doing committed a most fatal er- ror—terribly fatal to himself and those who were as- sociated with him, Landing at Morillo at night, he sent Captain Lewis, the commander of the Pampero, to Florida for reinforcements, and having detached Col. Crittenden with fifty men to take charge of some provisions and arms, he ‘set out for Las Posas. The town he found had been abandoned, and the da, after his arrival he had an en, ment with six bun- dred of the Spanish troops, who were defeated. After the battle of [Las Posas, althou h the Spanish orces were entirely demoralized, doubt and dissen- sion seemed to take possession of the filinusters. Crittendon bad not come up from the coast with the baggage, and they had no information of the number of troops in their vicinity. Lopez ordered an advance upon the town of Bahia Honda, two leagues distant, under Colonel Blumenthal, but the advanced guard after proceeding about half a mile refured to go on and returned to the village. Then it was that Lopez determined to take to the moun- tains and wait the arrival of reinforcements. Colo- nel Pragay, who had been badly wounded in the tattle, is said to have shot himself with his own pistol as he lay in the verandah of one of the houses, Troops continued to pour into that section of the country from Havana till the locality where Lopes was had been surrounded by three separate divisions, numbering between three and four thousand men. His retreat soon became a flight, without baggage and without ammunition, except what they carried ou their backs. The men very soon became disheart- ened, and nog 4 of them threw away their muskets. pork the hilly country that here divides the island, {hey descended upon the plain of the south- ern coast at a coffee estate that formerly belonged to the wife of General Lopez, and situated about two | es from Candalaria. Here a bullock was killed, and while the men were proceeding to pre- pare their breakfast, they were attacked by a colama of Spanish troops under General Enna, who had been sent down to guard that side of the island. The filibusters fe behind a stone wall and the buildings of the estate, and as the Spanish troops exhibited great reluctance in mak.ug the attack, General Enna endeavored to hasten them on by bis example and words. Finding his exertions of no avail. he called to a small body guard of seventeen qeoeocee, to follow him, and with this body he charged up the straight road leading to the wall where the filibueters were posted. As he advanced upon the gate he was received with a volley in which every man, except the General and his sid, was bronght to the ground The wounded horses turning, fell npon the infantry and threw them into disorder, and the troops, panic stricken, retreated, and con- tinued their retreat to Candalaria. General Eana was wounded in the abdomen and died on his way to Havana. Qn the retreat of the Spanish troops, the filibusters themselves took up the line of retreat into the mountains, where they continued wandering tor some days, the cordon of Spanish troops being drawn closer and closer around the locality. Oneor two slight encounters took place, but the band zradually melted away, till finally they were entirely broken up. General Lopez was captured and taken te Havana, where be was garroted on the Ist of ae ee 1851. ‘rittenden, who had endeavored to get off the island in boats which he found enon the shore, was captured. with fifty of his men,and taken to Ha vana. The news of the death of General Enna had reached there before he arrived, and the whole body was condemned to death and shot. CARAVAJAL/S MOVEMENT IN MEXICO. During the year 1861 great discontent grew up in Mexico against the government of General Arista, oud in October of that year General Caravajal pronounced at Saltillo, in Nueva Leon, against bis government, He invited the co-operation of same Texas leaders and Colonel John BE. Ford and Generel Wheat joited him, and at one time he hid a« many as three hundred Texans in bis ranks. He ettacked and took the town of Saltillo, and then ex tended his operations to Matamoros, his great di eire being to hold a port 80 that he could establish # tariff for the collection of revenue. The chief event of this movement was the attack on the city et Matamoros, which was made on the 2Ist of No vernber, and on the 23d he had obtained possession of the — portion of the city, Oa that day a fire broke out, and the Custom Hou nd a large part of the place was reduced to ra Caravajal and his forces were ultimately obliged to retreat, and were finally broken up, Eo ty ge abandoued by most of the Americans who had joined them ‘aravajal then retired to private life, nad took no further in public affairs till the revolution against Santa Anna in 184, when he again came into the field; bat having no cooperation from the people of Texas, he made little impression upon the movements of the day. He ix now editing » «mall led A Pueblo, at the town of Camargo, mtier of Texna Caravajal waa educated scjuainted with the tutiouy and laws, paper, ca near the fi in Kentucky, and i+ Fort English language and our NEW YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 1858. THE PAEZ EXPEDITION TO VENEZUELA. In the latter part of 1863, General Paez, formerly President of the republic of Venezuela, was driven from that country by the Monagas party, and came to the United States. After several attempts to get up a revolution against Monagas in Venezuela, he determined to carry out his plana by an expedi- tion from this country. A part of the means were gathered, and the steam propeller Ben Franklin and bark Caroline Augusta were armed and fitted out with an equipment in the port of New York, and sent to St. Thomas to wait for the combination of | the expedition. They remained in that port a long time, but the expedition did not succeed in getting off from here in consequence of a want of funds. eae Paez visited Santa Anna, in Mexico, in the culties of this r were already crowding wy him there, and he was not able to extend any. The expedition was accordiugly broken up, and the Ben Franklin finally returned to the United States, ar- riving at Norfolk, where, it is generally supposed, she brought the fever which desolated that city in 1855. THE QUITMAN MOVEMENT FOR CUBA. During the year 1852 the Cubans again began to move in this country, and a revolutionary junta was formed in New York. Their labors were first re- stricted in a great measure to the gathering of means rom Cuba for the purpose of carrying an expedition to that island. Having collected a large amount of money, they sought an American leader for the en- terprise, and after long negotiations General Quit- man finally accepted that position from them. The plan adopted was to take a force of between three ghd four thousand men to Cuba, which should re- ceive the first shock of the attack by the Spanish troops on the revolutionists and form the nucleus for a Cuban army to achieve the independence of the island. The labors of preparation were continued during the years 1853 and 1854, many causes rising from time to time to delay the movement. In the latter part of 1854 these seemed to be almost en- tirely surmounted and the expedition was confident of getting off in a very short time. The plan was to send to some point out of the country and at diffe- rent times the arms, ammunition, equipments and men who were to take part in the movement, so as not to infringe the strict letter of the neutrality laws of this country. The policy of the Cabinet of Gene- ral Pierce was supposed to be favorable to it so long as a strict observance of the laws was kept; but cir- cumstances arose before the materia# operations of the expedition had been carried out, which brought the oppbsition of the government into full and active lay. At the same time dissensions occurred among The members of the Cuban Junta, anda large portion of the resources was secretly diverted to an effort for carrying out a small expedition under other guidance and through a different channel. These things de- layed for a long time the Quitman movement and finally resulted in its breaking ee A large body of men who bad been already gathered in the South were disbanded and the steam transportation which had been engaged for the operation was withdrawn from the point to which it had beeu sent. Two shiploads of arms and aintmuhition that were destined for this enterprixe have since formed # promi- nent object of litigation in the courts of New York and Mobile. General Quitman resigned to the Cuba Junta the powers which they had con- ferred upon him, and after his withdrawal from the cause the Junta itself very soou broke up and dis- persed. WALKER'S EXPEDITION TO LOWER CALI- FORNIA, The object of the first expedition in which Walker was engaged, and at the head of which he was placed, was for the separation of Lower California | from Mexico, #nd its organization as an independent State or repub. 'The expedition, numbering forty- five men, set sail from San Francisco on the 17th of October, 1855, in a vessel chartered for the purpose. It set out with the av wed purpose of working the mines, but their real object was, as we have said, the wresting of Lower California from Mexico, The plan was to kecure the co-operation of as many na- tives ane ‘oreign residents as possible in an osten- ible war against the yon and then by a coup de main to declare the State free and independent, elect | officers, raise troops, negotiate treaties, &e., &c. Theexpedition landed et Cape St. Lucas on the 28th of October, from which they proceeded to La lav, after a brief stay. The town was sui prised by a portion of the filibustering force under the command of Lieutenant Gilmer, the Governor taken prisover, and the Mexican flag hauled down. The remainder of the force was soon after- werds landed, with the munitions of war, the town fortified, and Walker, who was then known by the simple title of Colonel, entered upon his duties as President of the Republic of Lower Cali- fornia. Here they remained till November 6, when it was determined to remove the seat of kevernment to St. Lucas. They accordingly set out for that town, taking with them Espinosa, the Governor of La_ Paz, and the public documents. embarkation of the forces a Mexican vessel entered the port, having on board Col. Reboliedo, who was sent by the Mexican government to sapersede Expi- nowa. " Rebolledo was also taken prisoner; and an at- tack having been made upon six of Walker's men, who bed been sen! shore to procure wood, 4 fire Was opened on the town with the guns on board of the ship. On the 30th of November, Col. (now President) Wa.ker published an address to the peo- ple of the United States, in which he set forth his reasons for his invasion of Lower Calitornia. It may be all summed op as follows:—That Mexi- co had failed to develope the resources of | the State, and that being unable to do so, she should not be permitted to play the part of the dog in the manger, by “ keeping others pace possessing what they failed to occupy and appropri- ate.” On the 20th of December, 1853, a reinforces ment to the number of two hundred and thirty men arrived from San Francisco on board the bark Anita, at Fort McKibbin, to which the seat of government had heen transferred. At tneinada they joined General Walker, where an ehysgement took place with the Mexicans, in which the latter were routed. Here they remained till the 12th of February, 1454, when being short of provisions Walker set out with a hundred and forty men insearch of food. A guard of twelve men wae left behind with the sick and wounded, but nine of the twelve deserted. It fortu- nately happened that the United States steamer Columbus was at Encinada at the time of Walker's departure, and the sick, wounded and disaffected were taken on board of her and conveyed to San Frencisco. There were forty altogether. The attempt of Walker to maintain himself and the pseudo government which he had established, had proved a total failure, and ax there were no more reinforcements arriving, aud a large number of his men had died of their wounds or of sickness, he saw at last how utterly futile it would be to remain longer where he was. He therefore concladed to return to San Diego with his reduced force of thirty- three men. On arriving at the boundary line he and his whole party surrendered themselves as prisoners of war to General Wool to anawer for an alleged vio- lation of the nentrality laws. The surrender took place at San Piego on the sth of May, 1854. He Was subsequently tried at Sau Franciveo, but ae- quitted. It has been stated that Walker in this movement acted in co-operation with Governor Gan- dara, of Sonora, who, for reasons of his own, after- wards denied the fact, and operated against him. RAOUSSET DE BOULBON AND ZERMAN'S OPERATIONS IN MEXICO, After the failure of Walker's expedition to Lower California and Sonora, parties in theWity of Mexico who, for reasons of their own, have long entertained & desire to get possession of certain rich mining dis- tricts there, determined to fit out another expedition and obtain it by force. A Drench adventurer, known as Count Raonsset de Bonlbon, was found in Califor” nia to suit their purposes, and they supplied him with money. He prepared a emall expedition to Sonora. Failing in his first attempt. he withdrew to California, and obtaining more funds, and encourage. ment from the City of Mexico, he started on his secoud expedition. in 1864, when General Alvarez determined to pro- hounce against Santa Anna, and the Plan of Ayutls was proclaimed, great efforts were made by the several leaders in different parts of Mexico to obtain assistance from the United States. Some of them came to New York, others went to New Orleans, others to Texas, and others again were sent to San “Franciseo. From the Atlantic side no expedition was fitted out, but Geueral Comonfort, who came to New York for the purpose, purchased a cargo of arms, and sent it round Cape Horn to the west coast of Mexico. The agenta who were sent to Uali- fornia were somewhat more sucessful, and @ con- tract was made with a natural'sed United States, named Zerman, to take an expedition down’ to Mexico for the pur; ting with the movement a Delays that had occurred and ultimately in the cnt Movement, caused the ¢! a 5 ome = exivo. ere immediately seized an. filibusters, and aent prisoners Hee ae aa Sree tte ac ingster, bat the American citigens, holding to the of racing 2 assistance from him; but the diffi- | Soon after the | , right of their cause, refused to ing a8 & grace, and demanded a trial Seog artis This Ther'praing ost os ae tk decided ‘by the bighoss tribunal iu Mexico that the Zertnan expedition was not a filibuste: expedition. Yerman, who had been promised the of Admiral in the Mexican navy, having been recently: i acquitted, has stated bis intontion to publish @ pamphlet giving ' the origina! docaments and a true account of the whole affair. If this pamphlet is published it will be an instructive ae upon the manner in wich , nearly all, if not all, the filibustering expeditions te Spanish-America are got up. WALKER'S FILIBUSTER EXPEDITIONS IN NICARAGUA. To understand the origin of Walker's first filibue ter expedition into Nicaragaa, it will be necessaryte go back as far a4 the year 1854. Its President af * that time was Don Frato Chamorro, who was the representative of the conservative party. In the apring of 1364 a revolution was organized against his government, headed by Don Francisco Castillon, | formerly Cabinet Minister, and General Maxime | Jerez, who assumed military command of the insur- gents. In May, 1854, a batsle was fought, the resule of which was the defeat of Chamorro and his army and the occupation by the revolutionists of the city of Leon, a town next in importance to Granada, the capital. Thenceforth there were two governments in the republic—Chamorro, the actual de jure Presi- dent, governed in Granada, and Castillon governed in Leon. For some ten or twelve months thia tate of things continued. At length the Cha- morristas were besieged in Granada, whiok was defended by their President for several © months. Chamorro, however, died on the 12th of March, 1855, and the Presidency passed into the hands of Don Jose Maria Estrada. An attempt was made during his administration to reconcile the con- tending parties, bat it proved unsuccessful, and the internecine strife continued. It was in this condition of things that Castillon was induced to pose te Col. Wm. Walker to come to the aid of fn revola- tionary or democratic party of Ni ia. It is al- most needless to add that he accepted the invitation, An arrangement was made with Castillon, by whi be was to receive a commission ax general in the Ni- caraguan artay, and @ grant of 58,000 acres of land. He now entered the service of the democratic party, and sailed from San Francisco in the brig Vesta, wil fifty-six men, some of whom hud been with him ia Lower Calitornia. The idea of inviting Walker was supported by the Nicaragua Transit Com- pany in New York and San Francisco, whose lesign was, through his agency, to seize upon the Nicaraguan route and thus prevent the ‘taxation to which ¢hey had been hitherto sue jected by the ss hpagiad of Nicaragua. They accordingly furnished a part of the means of fitting out the expedition from San Francisco. Betore his arrival Castillon died of cholera. The other President, Estrada, had recently been assaaui- nated in a local outbreak. The party landed on the shores of Nicaragua at the close of May, 1855, and on the 29th of that month they came near being exterminated at Rivas, a town of considerable im- portance on the lake. As it was, they lost ten nea ‘illed and vine wounded, and after a difficult and isastrous retreat northward, they arrived at Reale jo, on the Pacific coast. This attack by Walker on the town of Rivas bid fair to have been the last of his exploit Nicaragua. It was said to have been @ rash and ridiculous attempt made against a vastly superior force, and contrary to the advice and direo- tion of the revolutionists. Jt not only loat him neg!y balf his force, but also the prestige of invinei billy on which so much depended. he Castillon people were indignant, and entertained an idea of dispensing for the future with the services of Walker his filibusteros, and sending them back to San Francisco. A different fate, however, was reserved for them. Don Mariano Salazar—brother-in-law to Castillon, and who had been the warmest advocate of the Walker Sitente tere himself on this oo- casion a true friend. He had retired with his family to the neighboring republic of San Salvador; bat on the receipt of a communication from Walker, making an earnest appeal to him for aid to make another demonstration on Rivas, he presented him- self at Realejo, and supplied the means fur another attack on that place. Tels said that he also suggested. the plan of the expedition in which Guardiola was defeated by Walker at Virgin Bay, on the 3d September, 1855. As soon as General Corral, who was in command of the Chamorrista army at Granada, heard of the defeat of Guardiola, he set out with his whole diapo- sable force for Rivas, believing that the next move- ment of Walker would be to get ion of that town. In fact, that was Walker's design. But Cor- ral’s movement becoming known to him, he changed his plans, and instead of attacking Rivas he embark- ed his — for Granada, and succeeded withoat much difficulty in making himself master of the ca- pital on the 13th of October, 1855. ug Walker's capture of Granada resulted in the sar- | render of Corral, who accepted the post of Minister of War under the new government, of which Dom Patricio Rivas was declared Provisional President | for the term of fourteen months. General Walker was appointed Commander.in-Chief. The Rivas government was recognized by Mr. Wheeler, United states Minister to Nicaragua. There was now some prespects that peace would be restored to Nicara- gua, but the calm which succeeded the storm was only temporary. Corral, the new Minister of War, was found to he in correspondence with General Guardiola and the enemies of the liberal party. At least that ci was made against him. He was arrested, tried court martial and sentenced to be shot; and on the Sth of November, hardly a fort- night after the treaty of peace, he was led out to the Pluza of Granada and suffered the extreme penalty. His death occasioned much excitement, and alienated the maaverof the Nisaragaan people from the new government, From Uhat day to this they have not ceased to togard Walker and bis asso- ciates av the enemie- o° themeelves and their coun- try. The forces of Walker at the beginning of the year 1856 had increased to 750 men—made up of reckless adventurers from all the large cities. Hoe Louis Schlessinger, who had figured i one of, the Cuban expeditions, and who, it is , was in the Hungarian revolution, joined Walker in Granada, and was subsequently sent to Costa Rica to negotiate a treaty of peace with that government. Hix appointment proved very injudicious, as he proved to he both facapable and destitute of courage. The Costa Rican govern- ment issned # proclamation on the Ist of March, de- claring war against Nicaragua, and ordering Schles singer to take his depertere from San Jose, the capital, within six hours, Walker took up the chal- lenge of Costa Rica, and entrusted to Schlessin = command of the army to operate against State. There was a great deal of bombast oy oy in L 4 Schlessinger as to the facility with which drive the Costa Ricans from the capital; and in fact he marched into their territory to carry ont his boast. However, on the 20th of March he was at tacked and routed with great low at Santa himself leading the retreat. Le was courtmarti for cowardice and sentenced to be degraded and shot. The latter part of the sentence he evaded by devertion. on the 15th of the preceding month that | Tt was Walker seized the property of the Transit Compan: and annulled their charter, on the plea of inde! ness to the State, the claim bein; ited at $412,589. On the following day, the Toth of Febraary afarther decree was issued granting to Bdma Randolph and his associates the same rights and privileged which the ~~ had previously yed. After Mr. Rardolph bad received this valuable concession from the Ni an government he im- mediately came to New York and entered into nego- tiations in regard to its transfer. He made overtures to Vanderbilt on terms which would not be ac D and then transferred the it to Garrison and Mor- gan, who were probably the bona fide grantees, and who therenpon organized an opposition line. _ This was entirely unexpected by Vanderbilt and his associates, by whom W Iker had been first fitted out, and who expected at least to have the sole and exclusive right of way on their own terms. Vai hilt and bis company now entered the lists against Walker and encouraged and stinmlated the Coste Ricans to continue hostilities against Nicaragog, Every means were resorted to for the overthrow Walker, who had by his own impolitic course thas succeeded in inging about an ial “ as Rica, Catena Hondaree $ og _ ar against Nica a, as we hav 5 claimed by Costa Rica on_ the lat of March. unsuccessful expedition of Schlessi by the attack on Rivas, April}, which was occupied by the Costa Rican army woder Mora, Preside republic. Me eee alle was neacly fgtal to both sides. Walker had 140 killed ane oulded, and the enemy 600. The Nicaragnan aymy was obliged to fall back on Granada, leaving Rivas in i of the enemy. Costa Ricans, on the othr hand, not only loat @ large faired of their forces in the battle, but were amediately afterward seourged cholera, which broke out among their troopa. were forced to retreat into their own territory, with the Joss of more than two-thir’y of their army. This disastrous campaign alm 4; ave rise to a revolution in Costa Rice; and for a time the energies of the Central American alliance exhavsted. Bat only for a time. Guatemais, Honduras, San Saiva dor and Costa Rica again rose in arms agains} the filibuaters, and the forces of the alllance were anhae py pone ot 4 large part of the territory On the 14th of May Padro Vijil, who had been pointed Minister from argo United ater, was formally recognized by the President. As (bq de .