The New York Herald Newspaper, August 21, 1857, Page 2

), when that vernel lay at Macao, the ship «ben the Spanish voore! Beoundo was destroyed by an of mind and prompizces, and the energy Now cficert alpe live were saved The scone was one ‘of the mort bor:ible that could b» Imagined, the vessel Daving beep lite raily blown to pieces, snd the deck Maricn, which lay “itbin a few feet of thy wreck, beir covered wits ite fragments, mingled sith the m atil remains of her il! feted © over 130 of whom were Killed. The date 0” Comma a a eervice i+ 1898, and from that time to the present he bas been over sixteen years atten THE MECHANICAL ARRANGEMENTS OF THE EXPEDITION. ‘The machinery which has been )1t up on the Agamem- mon ts @ coplicate of tha: om the Niagara, and a dewrip tion of ont will \herefore answer for both, In addition to the ¥inding in and paying out part of it there is an engine of twen'y horse power, which ts always to bo kept in Foadiness should it be found necessary to use it In taking up the cable, an operation the snocess of which, ay bas been hinted, is regarded a» very doubtful. THE PAYING OUT MACHER. ‘This portion of the machinery has been the subject of ‘Very revere criticiem, and it has boon asserted in atvance Of its trial (het it ts too heavy snd too powerfal for the Work for which it was constructed So far the experi- mental iris) bas been fuccessfal, and from the admirable manner in which it worked the greatest boyes are entertained of tts succew im the greater trial to which ii i soon to be subjected. The machines is compored of four V sheave wheels, which are ind'cated in the foliowing engraving by the let- ters a,a, 0,4 PIGURE 3. FIGURE 1. PAYING OUT M4CHINE. A Aare two grooved drums about seven fect in diams ter, bavivg five grooves on the periphery of each. The cable is wound round each drum five times, passing from ove to ibe other in succession tl! ail the groo7es ar» fillet, when each revolution of both wheels pays it out to the bands of the wen *ho stand ready to coi! {t as tt is taken up from the ocean. The object of parting it round these drums so often is to render it savier for the ¢1 to check it by the application of the brake, whion ts indicated by letter F, and which is more tn detail in figure 4. FIGURE 4. FRICTION BRAKE OF WINDING MACHINE. ‘The cable passes over these in the maaner exhibited in the figures, first eniering the groove or sbosye in the ocond eheave wherl, passing over and under it. It then [passes over the Orst sheave wheel, and taking a turn over The winding machine {s 80 constructed tha! It cas be made ae part of i's periphery, t* carried to the fourth, | to perform the work of the psying out machine should it from which It I delivered to the third, passing Gnallyfrom | be found necessary to employ it in that way, In the that to the socave wheel at tbe stern, and over that again | evert of its being used for # ich & purpose the brake fn 0 the ovean. b comes absolut ly meceas ry to restrain the speed of the The brake wheels, which are shown by the letter b. ars | cahie io golng out over thr stern The grooves are for the | urpore of Keering the cable from becoming entangled or rather from crowdi ag anc cutting the outer wire, which sould be very liable to oovur were the periphery of drum perfectly fat Toe Ore grooves are seen to tage tp Dgure & the letier a showing the croove the deep sea line reeta, and the lettor } that !i represented tbe abore cable, the end sections of bith aa Kine ard shore cable being represented by propor. {i nately atzed Diack circles, the first of which (a) Mills up only ® partof @ groove, and the eecond (},) (uo whole of one. FIGURE 5. a.e bo b Borned by « pinion, s« {nthe =inding mechine, and revolve ‘with a velocity provortioned to the #ize of the sheave ‘wheels, exch o” which i: five feet in diameter. Tho brake wheelt tre acted upon by wooden rcrewed to gitber As represented iu the larger cawing (Fig 2), aad ‘Wuen compreese i act the aeelves npor the lever c, which ‘are ormpecied with the indicaior d. This indicator shows the strain on the cable oe) FIGURE 2. FRICTION BRAKE OP “ PAYIK@ OUT” MACHINE, On the same +hafta as the groove drumt are the spur wheels © 0, tn gear with the pinion placed beiwoon teem, aod which ie indicated by This shaft on which this pinion ie xed alo carrion the brake alluded w,and #bion, bas been slated, is to be used when toe winding machine isempioye! ip paying ont, Figure 4 prevents a Gein led drawing Of this essential part of tae machine. The two iron levers A A hold the blocks of wood a a to the ato, whioa is com w, the lovers A A 4 Cannot, therefore, bercen Ii is not probable that toe extra brake will be required, but @ prover precantion, which bas been manifested in the comsructioa of other parte of the machinery, has made the same provision ip Unie case to meet any emergency tha! may occur, no mat ‘er bow tmprobabie it way cope The whole weight of the ing ma‘ bine is about fv: The grooved wheels, it 1# calou’ated, will wind ap the cable over the waerl at the rate of three miles an hour The paying ext is rogs lated in thesame way—that is, for eve “y ‘hree miles of thé cabie passed over these grovved wheels ty tho whee! atthe tern and from |t down into the oceen eS ee Io the wi wheels @'li mate ten evoludons a minais joh te aeb ying Out, by the operation, the | ceed one mile and a ba will be reduced h of calvie token in will nw ex an hour, and ihe revolulions therefore, to dive per ralaute On the eame shaft with the brakon it reprosented the third large rpar wheel I, which is worked by « pinion driver by the engine TRE SPLICING OF THE CABLE. This is one of the mort important, and at the same time one of the wimplow operations connected with the work of laying the csbie From. the great flexibility of the deep fen line, It Is thought that there wii) be no occasion to per = the operation; but should It be necessary, from ing, it will not cocepy more than half an hoor at the cat The process may be divided into thres distinet braccher—the joining of the copper core or eyndustor, the inealsti n with gutta percha, and the epitring of the outer protecting wire. When a ‘kink ocours the brak Gre Immediately pat on, so ne to arrest the defective por ton ef the cable before it passes over the stern. Tho veme! le then stopret and that part of the I'ne where the Kink @ obterved is severed The gutta percha if now Stripped off the condoctor to the length of about two tebe on both enda, which are lait over each other, bound with conper wire, se is seen ia figure 4 of the an nexed engraving — fe. The Drake is worked hy moans of the handle + eh. fo Fig 2 and besioe wbict there will always bo & tae Miaiomed to work Mt wher required The indicator 1® pat parent ouring wale and ff, is stwpiy © line nd weigh! te keep it from beg pulled = J JarLt ied Out of tts place by THE WINDING MAcTIOD Although it t# to be hoped that there will bo no occasion Hor the une of this machine, yo! it world ben s0!pabie Want Of foresight to bave neglected providing one for each Of the cable thips. One of the mow rerions cinouitios Which ts to be apprehended in the work of parioy out te that which arires from ihe Finking of thecable The case ‘with which f was coiled on the Nisgara—frequently atthe Fate of three miler an bour, and on onesie at tne Fate of five mi ee—was Certeloly mort aarp! ctous aa4 pro. Malving fo the evcorns of the final operation There wa: strain, no tendency © kink, end ith the exooption of 8 dligbt teiet which would be perceptibie even on & (irvad wher unwound from & spool, there was noth’ ‘the fear that there woold be any obstacle in the way of fhe svoce ef! acoomplichment of the work from eush « Ores Fill, as bee bern ald, ft ould hare give a to bare CS a Provision for sur @n emergency winding machine, athorgh it adde conddarabiy & the weight of the machi ¢ y for paying ont, » Sevording to the opinion of the engineors oonne dod with © erprine, tr comomot and a light as it Could pos! diy comeidoring the *ork *hich it hae to The sewing cures 1s explanation of whe varous part, il i 3 3? NEW YORK HERALD, splices ing thne atrengthened is made stronger than sairined, Tals aosule binding is wen in Sgures 1 and ends having been ‘as they ap- amis ores 2and 3 re of th s mas- ner of aplicing will be at once perceived by reference to ich tm thie care being in contact with preserve the electrical ooptipuliy. Should there be any 80 skeptical #8 to disnelieve this, it ought to be sufficient for them to koow that were the wire eleven t\mes smaller only one thirty ts completed by the insulation of the core with three lavers of gta percha, ‘of which is about as thick as ordi pary foolecap, ‘Layer after layer of this ts katd on till it te Drought tos uniform surface with the rest of the gate perce insulation, after which the outer orotecting wire 1s ‘aid on and bound ine somewhat almilar manner to ihe *plioing of the conductor. THE COILS. Now that the fleet which is entrasted with the all {m- portant duty of laying the enbmarine cable of the Atlantic tek grapb is fairly on tte way, if not very near our own ooart, it may be interesting to review the mode in which the grdat sable is coiled on board the meant, Aa 7 . preserve it acot- cats by otting Sralor ihe tavow or ocder, during tbo eration of paving out—acoldents to which it may be nourly eubject,and shich tn a few momonws might oe works of months valuelers, POBITION OF THE COILS. The following is corrected engraving of the coils, hich were made under the superintendence of Capt. Kell, Mr. F gett, eailmaker, and Mr. Webber, thegunner of the Niegara:— ‘2V@ VILNSTVA NOUA CALUVLS FHS NAA CIEVAddY AHL SV ‘ATAVO AO STIOO GHL H1IA ‘VAVOVIN SHE dO ABLA MOTMALNI imilar sheave wheel to saat over the «d wren It becomes wecessary in co- sequence of a gale to remo-e the cable to the bow, #0 a4 to che bie the vemsel 10 steam up against the wind, as it woul! biy be broken otherwise, This, however, hen the gale t# {-om the eaat- The length of miles in the different colle on board the Niagara, the remeinder Deieg on board the Agamemnon, \s presented tn the following tablee— 1—S sore cable eee ee L QO456 ii be passed to the paying ovt machivery Over m series of emall sized drums, places at regular lotervals between the cal! from which it is takeo apd the wachine APPRARANCE OF A SINGLE COT. The cable is wound ap in one monstrous cot] on the Aga. memnon; but from the construction of our frigate, the Niagara, it * as found pecemary to divide it into six colle three e which are placed for rard, about m twenty feet frem the how, on the decks o older, namely, tae bold flyer, the orlop deck ai deck" Um these three colle are 833 miles 0! cable. Io the aft part of the fri.mio, seventy fot from the stern, are two rmalier oul! , loested on the berth and orlop decks, nr measuring 417 miler of cable; making in all the 1,964 4 mile: alloted w the Niagara, and weighing nearly as many voor The etl ls formed round @ cone mede of strong plank ing, ae may be seen b, reference to the subj ined engray- (ng, representing the front view and lateral sections: FRONT VieW OF THE COLL. eatin hal LATERAL 8RCTION OF COLL AND GOWR- Toe Ogre A gives the front view of the coll, with te top of the internal cope appesring above it, and this oot! contain 486 tone of the cable, is thirty Ove foot in diame ter, eight feet bigh, aad shout 480 miles long — Tt ts fat t on the eld finor in the fore part of the snip, and ts the largert of the five Figure Bebows the iateral section » the cn! and sone, the cabl> being Init ap against the side © and rer ing agnipet the tot rnai cone. PROCESS OF COILING THE CABLES ILLUS TRATED. ‘There were some other features of the work which have pot yet appenred im print, and which give an tllae trotion of the bumorow: part of ik The process of oiling It might wel be eupposed is @ most tedious operation, but the cable men of the Niagara were ike ro many Mark Taplay’s, and oeme oot mont oredita- biv under sircumstances cba: wonlt have damped tne ar. dor (f any other body 9’ men The circle of ootlors, at they eat round the ring piling uw) fakoon flake, wors more ithe = social oarty anvembiet for amusement thao « body of overall 2 who had a monotovons wor to porform They amused th tse! vee with conundrums bo h and ood. rele od yarns asiong aa the maintop-bow aod bed at ‘jokes that they bad beard for the teentioth time But witha! there was no no oe of the work, whion wen on anseasingly MorD fo night aod f-om sight t) morn. ul! the twone J ne me of it placed on board. Now me 10, wer retnond to & Mo: the colle invroared in height, the por pO" them and the beams of the deck over bead diminished +0 48 to render it im soastble {or them to stand, or even sit upright In thie oxiremiiy resorted to 8 vance which was no less pore! FRIDAY, AUGUST 21, 165%. [ery ‘security of the cablo, two large buoys, each capa- le of eustaining a weight of five or aix tons, have been put ‘om board the Ni so that should she bo obit DANGER OF KINKING. ‘The greates difficulty anticipated in payiog out the im mense weight of cable is the danger of ite twisting, or | kinking, as it is deposited in the ocean. It has been observed in deep sea sounding that the lines have a tendency to twist— probably in part due \o the spt- rai character of surface; it 1s usua!, (heretore, to attach swivels to them: the condncting wire does not admit of wuch a» appliance, The smooth end unbroken spirals of | she wire cable affording an easy to the water, itis to be anticipated that as mile after mile of this cable goos down it will twist, the turns will follow the sbip and accu- mulate, Bat this \dicial result may be modfied by cotling the cable on board with reference to the resulting turns; and this application, which does not appear to bave deen ‘recoxuized, makes useful disposition of these coll turns, rendering it unnecessary to complicate the arrange: ment of the cable on board by attempts to avoid or destroy them. ‘The character of the curve assumed by tha cable ov its way t the bottom will depend upon the velocity of its descent and the speed of the ebip. If the cable when extended horizontally upon the water sinks faster than the sh'p runs, the convexity of its curve will bo towards the boltom; the upper portion, nearly yert'cal, will descend more direotly, and therefore more rapidly, towards the bottom; the lower portion will conse- quently be deporited in waves upon th But Jet us suppose that we have a cable which, when laid horizontally upon the water, will descend less rapidly than the ship advances. ‘That we suspend this cable vertically from the voisel, at ition 1, (see disgram,) its lower portion fixed on Bottom at 0; and that, then, checking tho cable to prevent wusto, the ship moves off at porhaps the rate of ten miles &n hour: —itis obvious ‘that as ber dragging force is applicd at rigat anglos to the vertically suspended cablo, the rosist- ance of the water will cause It to assume @ curve (0 2), its concavity towards the bouom. Now as the vessel rans oa fiom porition 2 to 3 and 4. constan! checking the cabie to prevent {te running right down, angle will become lesa and lees until the dragging force of the _ will be ¢ sable iteeit (04). the gravity ofthe eable coming tn oy thn the gra oi to carries it Heeno Hing its convexity is towards } ey mere (o 8) Bat the upper portion of the cable, which is being cont puaily id out from the ship, sinkivg with a lower velocity than iN preeent its concavity towards the ¢ ebip’s rate, will sti doit 05). There will be a wave in the cable and this 0¢ observed, is fastened round his body, through which it im thus paid contri A bolt, it ma; and to this again is attached dat nog tae cable passes, and b; ‘meane of out to the operaiors. When this was introduced, It was welcomed tipayer Ou" the provocation ‘was ee, parfeciy” irresistible ‘payer out” was 80 'y tbat from that time to the end of the work there — i &, &., &o, and wore cilered on bis trowing round the couree 1a lees than two forty, “Hey—get there —what're avout—trot around, my italy and show your and h like excla: im “Give moa grip of your tail, off in # canter—ten to one pacing ‘was kept ap, the fasi himself 0: jonally in with the company, On perceived some mons of bigh art, performed univertal genius, J Smith,’ with some abstruse arith- metical calculations, anda litle private setio between two remarkabie swordsmen. {t altoge:hor there ever was such a com! of bamor, from genius and ‘art, as was to be found in the submarine cable circles of the Ni , and if tho circlos of the Agamomzoa had only half « complement, et Of fello wa as ever assemb! must have been as jolly s on & British man of war. THE GUARDS FOR THE CABLES. One of the most | mportant parts of the machinery which | y* required {n the Isying of the cable, are the guards for the propellers of the Agamemaon aad Niagara, and with. out which tt# successful accomplishment mignt bo defest. ed, these beivg absolutely necessary t> prevent ths fouling of the submarine cable in the event of the snip boing obliged to baek ut of the way of losbergs or from other couses. Iie a pcint to which the greatest attention bas very properly been given, as the broaking of the cible af er several hundre 1 miles of jt had been paid out, would Postpoae the corypletie of the enterprise for m year, in ad- Gl jon to the great pecumary oss by which soc a disavter Would Do attended §=Tt_was prepesod t> ayold such a dir. aster by spetteene the rerew with a cage, offec\ually prevent the cal from coming in contact; but aa the two vessels wore differently constructed, and aa it would be absolutely necessary pF] the Niagars tn dry cock before the cage covld be to her, it was de- cided to sbandon it in ber case and to adoot a guard in ite tivad. The eago bas, therefore, only boon used op the Agamemnon, whic was docked ‘for mparpose. From RRALD will the subjotped Lamy” the readers of perceive at once the differetce between the two contri. vances, both of which are very tugenious:— THE STERN AND SUBMARINE CABLE GUARD OF THD NIAGARA, —_ @ —Horse rhoe guard, b —Vertioal braces. point is from twenty two to t The length Of the perpendioniar bare varies from seven t fourteen fee\, end the whole presents ro small a surface to the action het pape poe hohe a eed o resint pressur to which {t ma, be auhjectes cituer trom tbe lends ourede . Tn the case of the Agamemnon, to whieh the cage has been applied, and of the storn of which the folle ving ina correct drawing, the diffarence will at onoe be seen whes compared with the Niagara. Tho counter or un ler roand ing of (he stern I much nearer to the water mark than that of the Niagara, sa 0 tae cause Is owing the differ epee in the open space wi i# 80 apparent in a com, ron of the tte ne of both ships :— - ‘THE STREN AND 80 RINE CABLE GUARD OF THE AG AMBMNON. " wave willexist, whether we start as supposed, witha cable suspended vertically or elmpl; Inclined—s0 long as it is checked on board the ebip. gery fh 4 be dispensed with except the case ofa cable much ‘than that of the Atlantic y- ‘This wave would, under certain conditions, caure the ex bibidon of singular variations io intensity of the stran upon the cable. If, for instance, the speed of the ship be reduced more or less suddenly, to lees than the sinking of the cable, the wave! will travel towards the shi, and the strain will be reduced in an eatraordinary ora res D THE COMMENCEMENT AND PROGRESS OF THE ATLANTIC SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH, ‘This gigantic enterprise was first concetved in this coun try, and was commenced, abeut four years ago, by a small company of American capitalists residing tn our olty, 1a face of all the objections that were urged against it, they persevered with a determination that was proof against all discouragement, Ii was supposed by some that the laying Of acable acroes the bed of the Atlantic was an utter im- possibility, and that any attempt must end in discomfliure ‘and disastrous pecuniary loss to thoee who should eogage in the attempt. But the New York, Nowfountiand and Loudon pa y was ©: of men who Were Lotto be deter: oy euch fears; and bing one convinced of the practicanility of the undertakiag, entered opon {\ with a will aud an earnestness that no Obstacles could overcome They contented that if it | wore possible to lay a submarine telegraph between Eo land and France, tha), =e jone yr means and facilities tween Amorics and the same could Borope, and those ed were a their dipesal The task which they bave cndertaken is, 1k must be confessed, a stupen dour one; but eo many things bave conspired to favor those who have undertaken jt, that there ts little reason Dow to doubt of its ultimate succe@. Ths company ooa be iets of (he following gentlemen, all of whom baye beca connected with {It etnce its incorporstion: — Moses Try lor. | ° voy Lt B. Morse, Wilson @ Hant. Cyrus id. hall O Roberts. These gontiomen, about three years ) ootained @ Charter from the cotovial government of Newfoundland granting them the exclasive privilege for fir years of running & telegraph acroa: that i’and aod throagh avy of Biro obtained prise, were willing!y ‘ed upon the compauy, with ‘the bert wirhes for their snccess. A charter baving been © ward ‘The following ongraring shows the exact thickness of the wirer, with thove of (heir various coverings: — SMALL CABLE, 11 1698S OF aN INOM IN DIAMETER, SHOWING THE VARIOUS COVERINGS, ee yarn, 8. Gutta percha—three ‘Tolograph ‘ wires—seyen in number, ton. ‘The following engraving represents the IGNITION OF A CHARGE OF GUNPOWDER BY MEANS OF THE BLECTRIC CURRENT THOUGH THE CABLE. Mi ‘The whole operation of laying he cable it is caloulaied will not take more than twenty days in itscompletion. On Bpproacbing the land at cach end a much thicker cable will be used, and of sufficient streagth to rend:r it lee Uable to accident from the fouling of anchors or the effects of currents. Ass preof of the durability of such a cable speei of that which lend terminus be jered impossiblo Ls ayy Tayt ‘and landing of the cable in a harbor perfestly land lontede {nto which no tceberge oan enter, and where the water me in deyth from two hundred to two hundred and aif ons. THE TELEGRAPH PLATEAU OF THE ATLANTIC, EWFOUNDLAND. We have speken of the sue- coss which has thus far at- tended this great enterprise, but there is one remarkable fact connected with 1s which ts deserving of particular attea- tion. When the subject was first proposed it was feared that the Inequalities whichwere supported to exist in the bed of the ocean, bet ween Ireland and Nowfoundiand, would preseus. an insurmountable barrier to the successful completion of the project; but it has bees proved by Licut. Meury that From the accompanying ea- graving it will be seem that the depth does uot exosed two Phonntd and elghty ta thoms. The cade Which now being laid across from Newfoundland to Ireland wil) pass to the north of the Grand Banks, and rest on the platessa, and at « depth where the waters of the sea, judging from (ne nature of the botiom whee brovght to the surface, are as quiet and as completely - Pestas the botiom of a ml pod, There seems to be me perceptible currents and mo Abrading agents at work on the furface of the plateau, Lieat! Berryman brough! up with the sounding apparatus specimens of the botiom, which, when ex. amined with tho microscope, were fornd to consist of shelie 80 minute as not to be percep. ble to the eye. Those Mttle shells at once suggested the ‘fact tha! there are no currents at the botiom of the sca from which ihey avo taken; that the spot where they wore foand was their burial place, amd (hat after having lived and died om the surface they had samy gradually to the bo:tom, where \ \ \ Il *NVE00 (H24ON) OIANVTLY SNS 40 THATT MOVAHOS ERS i ij tt HA J i | “MVRAMGEE 'F *O LIVD ‘OLLONY wEMVIIS “8° WML 29 aeav0o8 BY ‘aNWTIGNQOAMEN *S.8HOf “hg CNV ‘QNV TEM ‘AVE VIENSTVA NEMMLES OLINVIGY wus 40 ROLLOG MHS 40 TTA0NS H Hi FH batls #202 i aS list Ht fe g i j Ay i Fi i : = 5 2 i 4 i i i H : i i INFUSORIA OF THE TELEGRAPH PLATRAD. ‘The apectmens te which wo havo alluded as having been od!ainod from we bed of the ooean by the routings of Commander Rerryman, and of which we present engray- ings ae they appeared through ® highly magnifying wf. oroscupe, pr stone a peculiar interest In thomaelves. Among them foraminiferm of various Vinds are abundant, and there are some good speciinens of distomace 'n the oallee- tion, The diatomacem is rega*ded by most naturaiiste a belonging to © very minute class of sen weeds, The plant cousists Of 8 singls cell, ts tntomten dy Giro, and tte war'od and bewuttfal markings te Piszed by m- croscopists 96 of the species form the beat tome of the qoality of a (o08 mict Tn fome oases, when ‘ng, they a 9 furnivhed witha gelatinous atatt, wap por ‘ovoral frustulet of pieces of them. The, be readily reorgnized tn the ongrat from the Of their growing In clesters The foraminiferm is 80 from ite baying a laren pumber of holes or litde open’ and Th may be @ ii a3 t fund ts of different"ehapes and sizes. Intorsstiug tc kaow that the foramin'ferm Ia clawgs FH < &