The New York Herald Newspaper, August 21, 1857, Page 1

phic Union of the Old and New Worlds, THE FIRST CABLE EVER ‘CONSTRUCTED. Arrangements for Laying the Last Cable. PROGRESS OF SUBMARINE TELEGRAPHING, SPECIMENS OF THE CABLES OF THE WORLD. The Telegraph Plateau of the Atlantic, Milcrosccpic Specimens from the Bed of the Ocean. THE TELEGRAPHIC SQUADRON. Sketches of the Savans aud Officers En- gaged in the Enterprise. Successful Experiments im the Laying of the Cable. ; Fhe Whole Twenty-five Sundred Miles of the @reat fea Line Tested with the most fatksfactory Result. Rignals Passed through the Fntire Length in Half a Second of Time. Miustrations of the Machinery for the Work. ‘THE TELEGRAPHS OF THE WORLD. early One Hundred Thousand Miles of Elec- tric Wize in Europe, Africa, Asia and America, to be Connected by the Atlantic Cable, ‘The Dally Transactions of the Werld at Our Breakfast Table. ‘The First Electric Spark from Queen Victoria 4 to President Buchanan. i@he Bffects of the Success of the Submarine Telegraph. ‘ho Daily Morning and Evening Publication of ‘Hews of the World in the New York Herald, &., ae, (gaebanna, Leopard and Cyclope—took their departare from Bay for Nowfoundland on Wo:nesday afternoon, inet. , the Niagara leading with the first half of the cable, The shore end of the cable was landed that from the Nisgara and secured in its proper place ‘The following Is a correct Iist of the cight steam vossels ‘employed in connection with the laying down of the cable: — L The U. & steam frigate Ningava, Captain Hudson, to tay the half of the cable from Ireland. ‘& The U. & steam frigate Sasquehasna, Capt. Sands, to 4. The Telegraph Company's steamer Victoria, Captain }, 10 assist in landing the cable at Newfoundland. 6 BL M. steamer Agamemnon, Capt. Noddall, to lay the @f the cable on the American side. & HE. M. steamer Leopard, Capt. Wainwright, to attend epee the Agamemnon 1. HM. steamer Cyclops, Capt. Daymaa, to go ahead steamers and keep the course. ®& The steamer Advico, Capt. Raymond, to assist in tapding tho cablo at Valentia. ‘Fhe United Mates frigate Niagara left Liverpool on Mon Gay, the 27th of July, and arrived im the harbor of Cork, ff Queenstown, on the 2th. Bhe left Queenstown on the ‘$4 mat for Valontia, whence she sailod with ber cons: rts eu the Sth inst. for Newfourdlasd. She had been two musethe and « balf tn England, during which time she lay three weeks in the Thames, where she came to anchor egpestic Gravesend, on the 14th of Maz, having sailed from New York on tho 94th of the preceding month, She ah the Tha nes on the Hn of Jone, rrached Portsmouth es the following morning, and after undergoing the noces” ‘qazy alterations in the government dockyard, which took 0 fortnight altogether to complete, she started for Liver- pest om the 20th, and moored in the Sioyne, about four maffes from the cable factory at Birkenhead, on the 22d of Jame. I may de well here to recount briefly the circum stinose connected with her movements, from the date of (he? arrival in the Tiiames up to the present time, to re- ‘fresh the minds of our readcrs upon tho important points @f We enterprise. ® will be remembered that for rome time !t was wmdecided whether the Niagara should take the cable, and rumors were circulated that she was not aiapted to the work to which she had been appointed by thé goverment of the United Sta.es ; Dut it was found af tepwarde that there was not only suMicient room, bat more eae was for the purpose, and that the carrying eagactty of the vomsel war folly equal to the teak sho had (pede savigned in the enterprise. This, however, was rot the caly difficulty, or seeming dificulty, whish appeared te be in the way to the Immediate commsnoement of the emdertating. Through some misun‘errtanding, of ra‘her ‘through scoldent, the Niagara rece!ved instructions before ber departure from New York to proceed to Greenwich, tmatead of Birkenhead, whore we were \nformed our half tho cable wae made and was ronty to bo taken on beard. Then after {i bad been rettiod that abe was t0 go to Birkenhead, the verse! bad to undergo some alters. (tons to fit her for the reception of her portion of the great seq fine, and as Portamouth was the only place whore (th work could be performed eaticfactorily, i wee determined that she should go there. Aotordingty xa has been stated, the proceeded to that port en the Sth of Jane, whore the work of fitting hor out for the colling of the cable was accomplished In two wooks. After ber arrival at Liverpool there was a delay of some five or six days bofore tho rst milo of the line was oollod feat the whole 1,260 miles wore placed on board in some what less than three weeks. The Agamemnon bad finished her tark about tho gmme time, bot did not arrive ot Cork till the mora- the uit, in consequence of the much Jengih of the trip, Advantage was taken of wo place to make experiments in regard It was possible to pay out the cable, result was emtisfactory boyend the most sanguine vemytotations. Phere were some twenty miles of condemned cable on beard, and this was paid out over the machinery at ‘he Pate of from seven to eight miles an hour wi'hou! exhibiting “he Mightet tendency to kink, Tho attom pt, however, to u! dectwm, oF take 1 up, was not #0 succossfal; aad, owing to this circumstance, seme apprehensions ana, #0 fer, aueceded £0 well, that even this diMoulty may 0 obviated in meme way, if not completely overcome, Jn the Bist of Jaly the two ends of the cable on board tho Niagara and Agamemnon were joined for (he first time, dying ® continuous and uninterrnpted eondeotor of 2,500 niles, and the cote and lines of Prstgenor Morse's alphabet were distinctly marked by the aid of » single sacd battery of but twelve pair cf plates, upon his register. The experiment was conducted by Dr. Whitehouse, whose same ie inteparably connected with elentric telegraphing, ‘wbigh the deriel was based is sufficient for that. Various have risen to dispute his it to tao in- 5 but afer a tedious litigation anda y of the mort bitter hostility, the jastice of his claims have not only been reo gnized, but his instruaent is now almort univer: and who bas msde many important Im- sally used and soknowledged as the moat perfect that has been invented. provementa and inventions in submarine telegraphing. Professor Morge is ono of the passengers on the Ni . 4 current was thrown into the wire at one end and came out | and will rewrn ip her to New Vork a!tor the objrot of the dt the other in helf to three-quarters of a second, and this | expedition aball have been accomplichod. It is peaultarly Pictcan be produced with at least sim currenis in the wire, Sollowing each other in regular tuccession, and producing their effects in corresponding time, according to the periods al which they commence their movement. Hence, if the nautical gendlenen and the engineers perform their diy sucocssfully, aa there 48 certainly every reason to belicve they will, Ure Attar tic telegraph may be regarded as a fared fact. It was boped, as atated by Capt) Hudson in tho annexed lotter, that the departure ef the expedition would taxo piace on the 3d inst. from Valentia, wi ich would have been an interesting fact for the fature historian to record that they tailed on the anniversary of the day on which Columbus started from the shores of the Old World on the discovery Ley snd Unrrep Srarme Frcs Nisora, Cove oy Oonx, InmiaxD, August 1 ‘eos, S&—I have the honor to feport thai wo lefi Liverpool FF rn ne Lay em tary aa bid pt nen arrived hero oa Taursday morn the 30K uit, and. Immodiaicly “commenoed coaling, wwilch haa been deterrea until her arrival here, We nad filled up our iverpool,as ve te ye bave 1a Sy tons Bere, the Kea consumed on our passage. We mado 63 nia en certain how slowly wo Oa pe tner steam, and our great satisfaction that we could reduce our speed to ae te lc 0) Thurtday, and without any difficulty current and messages through the two aren miles in half a second. It has been decided te: lay ing ovt of the cable is to commence from Va'entia Bay, and thet the Niagara !s to lay out her portion first. Con sequently I bave taken on board from the Agamemnon ten miles of the larger inshore end, welgaing about eeven tons tothe mile. The engtveers of the company wilihave completed their preparations this afiernoon, and the ves rei of the squadron, which are all here, will immediately leave this port for Velentia Bay, and from theuce on Monéay, Anguat 8, secure the shore end and commence laying the cabio. ‘Zt will be @ most coincidence. at Columbus ot geen his voyage of discovery to our Weer :. World on the - Cfo Lagi huni ans sizly- ive years ‘am, rea} your ol servant Pett am ‘WM. £. HUDSON, Captain, * Hon. I. Tovery, Secretary of the Navy. gratify ing to hia to behold im th\s ths approaching realize tion of bis fondest which he believed would one dry become fixed facts. DB. WILDMAN WHITRHOUAR. ‘This gontieman is ons of the princ!pa) electric'ans of the Alles tic Telegraph Company, and ts deservediy 4 guished among the prominent ecientific men of the age fer tho many important Improvements which be has effucted in subme ine teiegreph {ns(roments and sabmarine telograph ing. He bas also beon one of the most active promoters of the company, and to hie energy and enterprise ite organiza ton and success up to the present time is to be greatly at- tributed. He was originally « physician, but bis devotion to this particular branch of science ied Bim to abandon the praciice of his professics, and to apply himecif exclu sively to eleciric telegraphing. He has applied himse!f particularly to experiments baving in yiow the invention of an instrament by which to ascertain and register the velocity of electric current# through submarine cables, and the result of which hae been the production of a remarkably ingenious and compact machine, by means of which the possibility ‘of transmitting messages threngh two thousand five bundred miles has been proved 20 couclusively as t> put a} rest all doubis that might bave been entertained cpon the subject. The instrument by which the speed of the “lightening” is calculated, !s @ triplicate Morse regisiering eee ee which marks are made by means of au astrono: clock or pendulum, and by which signals are pro @ | duced on the entering of the carrent into and its paseage out of ithe wire, showing the retardation of the Int corrent in going through great lengihe. ‘This ia accomplished by # pendulum arrangement, beating secone 8 and making mais op the upper part of a strip of Morse registering peper, the middie bey We or eleo- tic pen deing connected with the noar io, ‘and the dattcm siyle being connected with the dis'aat ent. On a current being sent into the wirs it registers its pas- rage immediately on the middie style, and, coming out of tbo wire, shows its pussage by »egisiering on the lower part of the strip of psper By this means the velocity of she current ing through the cale can te calculated to the thousandth part of a second. It also shows the tration of the pasage of the c irrent through the wire. The magnetometer cf Dr. Whitehouse is sometimes placed in connection with the distant end of the cable, and shows the force or working value of the carrent after were connected on THE TELEGRAPH AND ENGINEER CORPS. passing mang iC This is effected by af TBE DISTINGUISHAD SCLENTIFIC MEN OF THE axre- | Clcctro-magne!, through hich the current passes, ita’ magnetization lifing weights The force of Sampara rhe tonne ihe a leans , inclu a 4 — ti Dr. W. Uns ad made for Wlegraphing through the Allan the principal scientific men in both depart nents and on the two cable ships, number about seventy altogether. These are divided into joiners of the gutta percha, splicers of the wire covering or protection, electric clerks or assist ant operators, cable men to assist, in connection with the ships’ crews, in colling or uncolling tho cable, ana firo engineers to take charge of the smali engines and paying out and winding in machinery on both vessels. The fol- Jowing tadie presents the number attached to each branch of the works, and which are abou! equally divided bo tle cable ts composed prinsipaity of ee atte ‘ViDg & sUpo: ficial surfaco or area of thirty-etx thou- " i ee rid s a Ba-face of zine, luction coils of se helices, baving great lepgibs of wire wound pil ong By the action bf the two metals in combination currents of of oxtra- ordinary power are generated and travsmitted through the wire. idea of the power of those cerronts may be concetved from the fact that a spark or flame one lush lon, (Lin Cn gua ammeter hg! obtained by oom- pletivg e machine ts Prof. Morgo's or invention—s description snd iltustrstion of the original tween the two ships:— model of which will be foand ia another part of thix Joint makers for the gutta percha insulation, under the | article. direction of Mr.§:tatham..... seers, aeeeesses aeceee & MR. CHARLES VIOTOR DE SAUTE 1 es ee erences ee SOearen fa the junior electrician of the company, and has been [Et aperay bpm oh and clearing the cabie, un- associated with Dr. Whitehouse in many of his experi- der the charge of Mr, W: 24 | ments. He bas been about five years connected with tele- ‘ebb and Capt. Kell ‘Wire splicers. * grapaing, and has beem mainly occupied daring that timo im the isying down of subierrasean wires as well as the construction of those erected om poles. The second Black ‘Sea cablc was laid cown under bis and direc- Soe Ot wee oe Se eee oe 5 a Leweenee, even fuccessful accomplishment o| work in which he is now taking a part, be will have the obarge of the Newfoundland side of the line. Mr. De Sauty was tbo first to use the Morse instrument in England in submarine telegraphing. MR, WOODHOUSE. Among the engineers of the Atlantic Telegraph Company Mr. Wocdhouse occupies a high position, and has been ‘unceasing !n his exertions in the preparation and puting up of the mechinery which is to be used im the lay. ‘ng of tho Atlantic submarine cable He is one of the working, practical men of tho company, and since tho commencement of the operation of coiling the cable on board the Niegara, Las been most assiduous in his exertions to hasten the work and conduct it to a suc- completion. He laid down the first submarine cable across the Black Sea, from Varna to Balasiave, and bas ever since been connected, ia Lis 1 asan engi- pa Cd . Toee is ao man en- gaged tn this enterprie wi rendered mare efficient Service in Ne preete: jon than Mr. Woodhouse, ana cer- tainly n-ne of tre English portion of the company who is more gecerally respected. Mr, Woodhouse accomsaaies the Niagara. ME. SAMUBL CANNING. Mr, Canning, it may be recollected, was the engineer who super intended the laying of the submarine cable, in 1866, across the Gulf of St. Lawrense: or, rather, the at tempt to lay 1, a8 the acoompiishmentof the work at the time was defeated by a gale, in which the versela were obliged by a due regard to their own safety to cat the line ‘The work, however, was successfully carried out tho fol- lowing year. ‘In hie capactty of ctvil engineer ho was also counecled with tho laying down of the cable from Sperzia to Corsica, and anothor across the Srait of Bonfacio In addition these be euperiptended the procoss of conneoting Prince Edward Island with New Brunawick. Mr. Canning’s ser the Agamemnon, but it is proba- bie that he will remain on board of the Nisgara Uli her portion of the work snail have boen MR. J. C. WEBB Is amociated with Mr. Canning in the engineering ‘epart- ment of the enterprise, and was formerly engincer to tho Griginal Flectric Telegraph Company of [ngland His connection with this particular branch of submarine tolegraphing has exterded over a period of some five or six years, during which time he bw rendorod !mportaat Aaniztance in the ertablishment of submarine lines. He bas bad a largo experience in the taking up and mending of cabiee. CAPT. KELL ‘This is a large force, but the number {s increased about five hundred, when the volusteors of the Niagara and Agamemnon are added to it, about 450 of the crews of the two vessels having been selected from thore who of- fered their services for the work. Theirs is an humble position in the great enterpriee, but the work they perform ig not a whit lees important than that of the priucipal men epgeged in it. That the readers of the Haxaty may Bnow who the heada of the expedition are, the following brief sketches will serve af an tntroduction to each, and may be read with interest at this time :— PROF. 8 ¥. B. MORSE, —the Inventor of the electro-magne‘ic teleg aph Is 80 weil known, not only in his own country, bat throughout the ctvilized werkt, that it would appear almost unnecessary to say anything further of him than that he is the senior electrician of the company, and that his instrament is to be exclusively used in the working of the line. There are, however, some circumstances connected with his Invention which are of such particular interest at this time as to Joaiify « relation of them bere, although they have already appeared in the Hematp, and may still be familiar to many of tis readers. Bofore, however, entoring into these, it may be well to state a fow facts in connection with the earlier life of Professor Morse. It is not, porbaps, geno- rally known that at the time he invented the magneto electric telegraph bo was enaged in the active pursuit of Tis profession as an artist, in which he had obtained a high reputation for some original works. He was a sculptor as well as a painter, and his model of the Dying Hercules, which was made in England im tho year 1818, gained for bim the bighest modal of the Adel. phi Society of Arts, This model was intended stmply asa copy from which te paint his picture of the same subject —s work of art which received at the time the greatest praise, and which was solected from among the frst for particular notice’by the critics. Professor Morse ioft Rogland in the year 1518, having resided im that country about four years, and returned to bis native land, where he continaed the active parents of bis profession as an artist. In 1829 he arain visited Hog ‘and and remained tl! 1832, in which year be went home im the ship Sally. It way during the io iret co'scelved the ides of the. loetro that he first co ncetved have since been the most | Supervised the storing or colling of the cable on board the mo, ene Oe MARY, | Nisgars, and iho rapidity and at the same time admirable arose in regard to @ mapcer in whioh the work wat performed was partially that time extensi owing to bis energy. Ho is ono of those men whem it cireles-—the obtaining of saperk | would be diticult o get slong without, and ie full of ox ‘which had sien besn | Pedients and resources to meet every Hie istence of which had beon | Profession is tha! of a sea captain, bat for the ve or ‘experiments. In the | Six years his time bas been oooupled in telegraph well kaown circumstance | ¢tterprices He has been ever since her Glectricity to pase throngn | A7rival at Liverpool, and #ili stand by ber, as he ways wire, for the Of measuring | himself, totheend. Capt Kell is a native of , bat, on hin purtieuier Grouse. properly # ead EY of the world—s man Yih, At mof the | Who be at home anywhere, employing the su! — 9 MR. CLIFFORD cats many oumel poser Re Accompanies the expedition as one of the corps of engi. aystem of signa could nt | neers, among whom, it l# but jastice to say, he ‘2 020 of might be transmitted bo- | the most officient and talented. It was under his ne ee nee ee noe | direction that the engine and machinery for paying igrouter pars of Las tetwure out and winding in was put uo on beard both the A) instrument by which, what wag | memnon and Niegara. He «ccuptes @ prominent position bet Oonveried into s fixed fact, | a# one of the nly | mon of the enterprise, ‘The result as the invertion of s machine of whish an | and allhoogh his time bes been divided betwosn both \ltortration and deecripiicn are im anothor part | veerole, part of the work which was under his charge of this article. In tho 1895 he exhibited this mode! | bas been performed with no ordinary despatcl and with cee emma ates | me. be had bis stedie, ané gave en . un. BRIGHT for which it bad been constrected; bet it was not til! the month of October, 1887, that be entered @ caveat at the Ocoupies the position of Chief Fagineer of the Atlant's Patent otice in Washington. Tale caress contained 0 de. Telegraph Com any, with which he bas boen connected tailed dercription o: ; Searese be un cqprenemaen fee the Grecien dy ote: | ee emaintia. Aibugh, comgaretvey spetieg, graph line betweon Washington and Baltimore, a distance | quite ® young man, he ong Of thirty miles, the sum required being teen te the rolentifie ranks in b - dollars. | The application was before Congress tions connected with telegraphing, and partioularly qith on "of tony, 1008 alg mot tl ane | the arent enterprise 1a which be holts #0 reeponsibie and first mewage sevt over the wire wae by ‘Annie Eile | onerous a position. The winding tn and pay ing out ma forth, the dauguier of the Comme sslenee of Fusente, who cbinery te a jotnt tev: mea yf ee te cat wran the art | DO Bergue, and it is enid, by thone who are soquainied 4 convey the intelligence of the fact to the lrofes | with the Practical part of engineering, to be the bert for, who had despaired of sho passage of the bili that adapted to the purpose that could be devised Should a8 the Glore of the session was at hand and | the expedition be succesful be will be omitied to wat no Of its boing taken ap before tho | no tncosiderable potion of the praise; but should next fersicn, At last passod, | it be found, an is apprehended, that the the ay! ‘morntn, {9 i te 0 the work for which it is do ye we | peed ryt ra the ‘ashe be ington * means 1 coors of the ap > heats “| Rave to eralost censure and Annie, fy when she ad te joomne | almost every quarter, pn oro yy LA ae SIR WH. O'SHAUGENESEY, fi ” ‘hen the line was comploied he ‘nfucmod her faci, | Albevgh accompanying the expedition, does not take any The m that she sent corresponded active part in the work of laying the cable, He is known character of the event, and bes comnectod her chiefly aa the projector of the Fast Incian telegraphs, hay ing deen the first to construct a line tn the British emptro. shovld Ufa» ~ ee ene to Baltimore — Like Dr. Whitehonse, be was by profession a physician, Wael Bede Cod wrrgeass I but his inclinations led him to the adoption of hie prosent ‘The crtablianment of thls tele was soon followed by the constr ction. of others, aad from War tore to The In preforence to that for which be was otncated. the Fast india olan, to anit In 1818, wh was bliehing ding before Congress, he went to nd and @) that advice a patent for his lavention there, bot it war 08 | the consirn tion, operation and superintendence of all their the nd that @ desert} of it, as It had boom exhibited | lines, to dis clare, ran ole! an ee ‘The firet telegraph established tp that country waa nesr podlication, and It nad chu become pablic . Tis | Caloutta, end the pointe of connection were somo twenty peediers to say anytinew fortber ty show of | miles apart This was put up in Novem or, 163, and moch a reason—a mere steement of the groande vjon ' from that fimo to the presen! five {housand miles of MORNING EDIIION—FRIDAY, AUGUST 21, — oe 1857. tone, for which he bas Betic rendipg machise of Professor dio'se, and which is now exclusively employed im the working of the Indian MR. STATHA The name of this gentleman has been most intimately associaied wiih submarine telegraphing from the manu- facture of the first cable that was laid in Brilish waters. He is one of the proprietors and chief super- iniendent of the extensive guile percha works in Tondop, and has done much by his experience and prao- tical knowledge towards improving the peculiar straviure. This was ‘he firet gutta percha mapufaolory eatabiished in England, and before the empioyment of the material as ‘on insulator it was used exolusively in the making of ar- a both for ornament and use, When he undertook the mrnufactare of submarine cables it was considered bigbly problematical whet! er he would ever succesd in the effort to insulate the conductor, and as the drat at tempts resulted in fa lure pearly every one who bad au irtorest tn it despaired of ite ‘itimate access; bui Mr. Statham Ia pet one ef those men who are easily ditcm raged by defeat. The first attempt was followed by a re. cond, end what asain by athird, and £0 on till he produced ‘what was desired, a cerfectiy iseuiated submarine cablv. All the sea lines that have been Iaid in Ruropean and Ame and under his immediate supervision. Ho was oa bear: the vessels which were suport in making the conneo- ex, mercly a5 his experience aj! the aia in Oe teen pilebment of this work in which reat tbap himecif, ME. J. W. BRET?, the cable is to be Iaid, has rendered such practical service im the preparation of the Niagara that it would beanjust to omit his name from the fist of engineers. Mr, Everett Ume of hie yy his - ity o90ny the responsib! me jor Of Ogeaa aaers, {a's portof New York. bas been 7 name mentioned in connection with the alteration of the Ni for the reception of the cable, and it i doubtful she would have been employed in this service had it not eon for his praciical and perceptisn. THE TELEGRAPHIC BQUADRON. THE UNITED STATES STRAM FRIGATE NIAGARA ‘Is the largest voseei, not only of the telegraph squad- ron, but the largest war veasel in the world, and exceeds the Dako of Wellington, the great 191-gun ship of the Bri- tieh navy, by 1,700 tons. She has been admired pri pally for the exquisite symmetry of hér model; and the fact that she is the masterpiece of one of the crealest na val architects bag attracted to her the attention of ali who take an interest in rhip building. Hor general appearance bears @ much stronger resemblance to a hage clipper ship than a man of war, and {t is to this that the little favor she meets from old man-of war’a men is t> beatributed. Had she looked like those floating batteries which we have seon in the Navy Yard at Portsmouth, and of which the Britiah Navy mado such a great display at the late review at Apithead, abe would no doubt have sulted them much better and been treated with @ litle more leniency than some of them have been disposed to exhibit towards her during our stay in England. However, sho was built on an cntirely new model, and if succes ful, It matéers little whether ate resembles those blaif bowed, heavy, square looking bulls whish have hitherto been regarded aa the very porfection of war yessols. Hor longth over all is 345 fost, broadth of beam 66, depth of Lold 31 feet 6 inches, aud messuroment 6.400 tons. She carries, when fully armed,12 Dab/gren guns, oach 11 tmches im the diameter of the bore, and capable of throw. Ing & shell of 180 pounds ® distance of four miles. Theee guts were catt at the West Point foundry, and weigh fourteen tone each. They bave not been put on board, ae all the available space on the vessol in required for other purposes, but their place is temporarily sapplied by four signa! guns, which will bo used when the New- foundland end of the great submarine cadlc ebell have been svecessfully landed a4 Trinity Bay, on the southeast ‘orn coast of that ‘sland. ‘The engines, botiers, coal bunkers, and all the accos- tories of this depariment are gitaated aboat the middle of the ship, and are #0 conatracted an to occapy leas epace in proportion to tae amount of mutive power than perhaps those of any other vesrel of the kind in the world, The @ngme room is supplied with pure sir by means of two bnge venifiaiors suspended over fhe hatch, and which act lke immense lungs, while the spacious skylighta {laminate tte most secret recesses. The engine room, or gallery, is entered from the berth or sparfdeck by an iron staircase, which brings you, sfor « descent of some twenty feet, within view of all {te parts, This room te twenty-cight foct long by twenty eix in width, and thero is no part of the machine ry that is not easy of access to all employed about it On almost every side are indicators, by which are marked the nember of revolutions made by the engines, the pres- gure of the steam, the vaouom, tho temperatiro ef the bot well and the pressure of the oy iinder at all parte of the etroke, The enginer, of which there are three, are direct soting, with connecting rode betwoen tbe cylinders and cranks, working sthwartebips the venee!, mbich ignites, when reduced to simple, vnastoati., unpretend ing English, that they are placed borizsntally sorose the yereol, and the motion of the piston is from slag to tide, Fach of these i seventy two inches in diameter, three feet stroke, and arranged with the ordinary steam and cot-off valves, which are worted by the Stevenson link motion, The on which all this force is brougitt to bear is one hundred feet from ie connection with t! mai age. thaf, to ite janction with the propeller. Its weight Is fifty tons, and its diameter seventeen inches ent ahall, Along ite whole ls an arched alley way or tunnel, constructed of wrought iron, which ts tit feet nine inches tn heighth, and aboot J width, The whole of Unie tunnel is illeminated by giore lamp, affording the engineors saffieient light to enadic {bern bo los pect a!] thore parts that require their attention. The propeller, which is of GriMth’s patent, is made of bronze, or composition, Is 183¢ feet in diameter, 82 fect pite, and weigha about 15 tone. It ia #0 arranged that shen n% reqal ed It cam be hotsted out of tho water, so as not to impetethe progress of the vessel when under tall. the cylinders are piaced on the starboard side of the yersel, and on the opposite side are the three con- denser, each 0; which has within iteolf the air pump and The alr pumps arc double acting, 22 inches in 3 feet stroke, and working in the same manner asthe air pumps There tached to each condenser, stany time to free the ship from {his there are two bilge pumps, 10 12-Imoh stroke, connected the gine, which are in eomatant operation, eg ¢ Ese i ight. whica are vertical tubular, and are known as Martin's tent, There are four altogether, and each has ex for- vaces. The furnages are each 2 fect 10 nnd 7 feet 6 inches long. The dimensions are se Rilows — Ee} inches wide, each boiler zs i : io ie moons eur? vg onalleides by wi crm ® compete protection against ‘The fireroom is'veutiiaued b are twormeke for the after b that there pipes are never hoter than iron expos rays of tbe summer’n sun. Asa proof of Sufficient to style that from lodica’or diagrams, wed that the ovaporation f i i HI 4 #8 the en gine and boilers, is a ema! auxiliary boiler andtwo Worthipgtom steam pimps. These pumpsare a: fr ing and pum) oat the botles and bilge, end also for pumping on Eny part of the ship ia care of fre, Two donkey engines are employed for botst- ide Rorpeene; and the erates lay ines aro BO arran; either by ‘at an eight knot an ape, Tee ont snare ase, ab a the oh aed ua corte don, by ite width. No part of machinery except the \pea extend above the berth deck ; the weight of the Gals, denon cal ce Gale, ‘The Niagara left Now York with a force of about 600 mien, but it has since been found necessary, on account of the number of lelegre) Operatives aud mechanics who are to be employed ing down the cable, to eend forty of the hands and (en merines on board the Susquehanna, ‘The following is a complete list of the officers: — William 1. Hudson. .........++. Oaptain. Cleat fotaat days. These «-Bocond Assist’t Engtacer. +++ Third Assistant Eogincor. "a to say any- ‘ao in whvon referred to the sof se aun M4 pul ng c : press of England THE U. §. STEAM FRIGATE SUSQUEDANNA Im the largest side wheol war steamer ia the world, and one of the finest vessels in the American navy. Sho is not, howevor, much more than half the size of the Nis- gara, but has, to proportion to her dimensions, a more massive appearance, and looks like a man of war, while ber consort bears a strong resemblance to an immenre merchantman. The Susquehanna is constructed some- what on the old model, with afew of the modern im- provements, and ts similar in appearance to tho Powhatan ‘and San Jacinto. Her length is 230 feet, breadth of beam 46, depth of hold 27, and capacity 2,600 tons. With thirty days con! or 1,000 tons, and six months provisions on board, her draft of water is 203¢ fect. It is now about seven years singe she was bulit, having becn launched sometime im 1860, and her cost is estimated at about eight hundred thousand dollars, or about seven hundred thousand less than the Niagara. The timber used in her construction is the best of pine and live oak, and her beams, knees wad keleons are much heavier than they are generally found in yestels of war. Ths ongines are in clined direct, acting with two cylinders of seventy two inches diameter and ten feot stroke, Tho botlers are of tho patent of Mr. D, B. Martin, Eogineer-in Chief of the United Btates navy, and are of the same patent as those asc d tn the Niagara, a lorg experience having proved that they are the most reliableand economical The consum?- tion of oral docs not exceed forty ‘ons per day, thirty be- ing the averego, and at this expenditaro the number of revolutions is from fourteen to fifteen per minute, while the pressure of steam per equare iach is from fourteen to +ixteen pounds. The coal buakers are so situated in the aides of tho ship as to protect the boilers, but the other portions of the machinery are without any protection save what they reeelye by being below tho water line, The spread of canvass is 6,000 sjuaro, or 12,090 running yards, by which, with a fair wind, her seaming speed, which is ten miles an hour, is increased to twelve or thir- ‘Tne armament of the Susquebanna is complete, so that sho ie tn war trim, and the order in which " thing on board of her is kept subject of general Praise, he carries Gfteen guns, threo of which are pivot, sixty: ve 8 inch ‘aro oapablo of throwing sholls of 49)¢ pou tance of two milos with effet, Tho pivot guns 10 inches long, and those on the brosdaides meszure nino feet each. capt |. Of these, 190 are bine jackets, 44 marines, and 44 coalheavers and firemen, the remainder consisting of the wing is ® perfect list, including TUE BRITISH LINE OF BATTLE SHIT, THE AGAMEM- FON. ‘This is one of the finest propoliers in the British navy, and is generally regardod ac thy pet of the whole fire Ata grent floating battery she hat very few if any equals of her aizo, an although naval architects have inatituied a comparison between hor ard the Niagara, there is really Bo good grounds for a co mpariron, for the two veenels are an disetmilar aa It fe possibic for them to be, In the ‘rst place she is not so large as our ship, and ie built on an en thely ¢ifferent model. She 2 OL guns, while the Niagara carries but 12, and thero all on her spar deck, She has the appearance of & regular man of war, wh'le the Niagara, as has been oftcn stated, looks I'ke an immonse Slipper ship, Bat the roader can better jadgo for bimself of the polots of difference from a deseription of the ships themaelves. ‘The Agamemnon is 230 feet between perpendicnlars, 85); feet breadth of beam, and 24)¢ depth of hold. Her capacity is 9,102 tons, and her engines, of which the hae two, aro both 600 horse power. Hor foroo at present numbers 463, but her fall complement when on & war footing is over 600, Her; full armament consists of 91 guns, of which S4 are 8 inch shell gune on her lower deck ; 96 of her main deck aro also 8 inch, ant 14 on hor epar deck are 32 pounders, In addition (> these she carries on the foreoastie six of tho same oatibre, and one heavy gun of 9,500 pounds weight for throwing 8 inch solid shot, All the guna are made for (ring shells. ‘The Agamemnon was lannched at Woolwich in the year 1852, and is said to be one of the fastest of the screw vos. fels of the British fleet. Her engines are known as the “trunk,” with Borfzontal cylinders, and their nominal horse power of 600 is capable of being worked up to 1,900. Tho motive force is applied by four tubuiar botlers, which are made to revista promure of 17 pounds to the square ineh. There are five furnace under each of these, and below the. water Bomber of revolutions is fifty four to the minate, aad seed, with a sont nine mllot aa hour, 6 Oe Se was Sir Edmund Lord tag ond tock a in the eumanlt ge, pi the 171 eee: rom SS she retire t e5car | LL pproached within seven or it hundred yards of the place from wich she re- tired with three or four of ber porta knoaked ‘nto one, To (Abe the vO atieaen toa 3 expedition all her guae hi been removed, and’ she has been fued wih fiesta masis, ‘The following ‘s @ correct list of the offices: — Cornelis T. A. Noddal. o THE BRITISH STEAM VRIGATR LEOPARD. ‘This vessel bas been detached from the royal mary by the Admiralty as an escort to the Agamemnon, aud to tow her inthe event of any accifent happening to her mach'nery. She is 2 side wheel steamer, with two en- gines of 560 horse power, and was launched ia the year 1850, The engines are known as Seward’s direct sciing , and the boilere—of which there are four—are capable of reeisting @ pressure of fourteen pounds to the square inch Her length ie 218 feet, breadth of beam 37 feet 534 inches, depth of hold 26 feet 13; inches, and measurement 1,440 tons. Burning at the rate of from thirty to forty tons of coals, she can carry fuel for twenly daye steaming, making from nine to ten miles an hour, Tho force of the Leopard numbers 270 men aud 30 officers, under the command of Captain Wainwright, and her armament consists of 18 guns, four ef which are 10- ‘poh 19 82-pounders, and two- Sinoh. They are al! made for firing shells as well as ball, and the rarge of the largest is 3,000 yards. the differs from the Susquehanna {mn having two gua fecks, thet steamer carrying all hepguns on one. This, how- ever, is not the only poins of difference betwees them, ‘or, although both side whee! steamers, aroan diferent in their ance as it Is possible to concsive. Th Leopard icoks as ifthe had c0een fifseen or twenty . hard rervice, and is built in the oid style of war: hile the Sas: const ucted adapted to mee! the requirements of the m s#ica in which she is to ‘® part, though a subordinate one, The following are ‘nalmes of har oflcers:— Ft Wainwright. + WF mene... P. E. Luard,. E. T. Nicholg. B.A. Rey. J. 3. RE. B. R. Murphy. Lieutenant Coton Marines. Hed, Wilmoteses tees Middaipesnn, W. E. 8. Brown, Midshipmen. Jobn Tracy. ‘Midshipman. EW. RB Midovipman. HL A’ Bayfeld, Midebipmaa. Cy ¥ Alles. Midshipman. J, J. Wilcooks.. “Glerk. Bami'ton M. Col Clerk. George Grifths. Assistant Engineer. iG. ‘estan Koginesr. P.M. Aseiatant ; CT, ‘eieet onic. ‘William Thossas. Ament " THE BRITISH STEAM FRIGATE CYCLOrS. ‘This vessel wae detached a few months ago to survey tho line of the proposed route of the elegraph rquadron, and returned about a week since, baying succesfully accomplished the work ia which sbo was employed. She is one of tho oldest steamers im the British navy, baving been built seme fourteen or fifteen years ago, and sho bears strong evidence of revgh service during that time. Her measuremen} is 1,300 tons, Carr. W. L. HUDSON. ‘Warren when abe was sent among go after the pirates, who bad for a their depreda/ions epom American commerce of the Mediterranean with impusity. He mado a four year’s cruise in the Peacock, at the capiare of Vers Crux, Tam ico, Tuspan and Alva- tado. In the year 1861 bo commasded tho Lawrence, Joh conveyed the cents |Dutions manufactures has been thirty years in the British savy, in which he is particuiarly ditingul#hed for his scientific atiaiaments in the engineering department. lit was master of the Lon- don, a ninety (ne gum ship, ducing the siege of Sebastop>!, and «iso acted as Iierbor Master of The mmiereet which be bas takem in thie mince bie connection with it, haa been of kind, and the most active tho services he bas rendered in the of ble vor se! jor the work in which sho is to take @ part bas dowe much towarde iis success thusfar. CAPT, WAINwatonr, ‘The commander of the Leopard, which acts a# the es. cort to the dusquchanna, has also served thirty years io he Britieh navy, and with much distinction, In the Burmese war ho was commander of the Winchester, # fifty gun frigate, and sorved in that capacity with mach distinotion. His particular forts lies in his intimate knowledge of the art of gunvery, in which ho ie regarded = the alent ctavere <f (he Ge 5 Dut it to knowledge of the racially ita be rece bi appniment te reek expediioa. COMMANDER PRNNOCK Entered the navy in the year 1825, and was promoted to the raniche now hoids during tho present year. He bas been appointed mm this ingtance on ‘sapecial doty connented with the laying of tho Atlantic rubmarine onble,”* and when the work eball bave comronced will relove Captain Hudson im the partial performance of bis dates, which ‘will consiet eblefly in the management of the cable. Mr. Pensoot command of the Supply, the sloreabip commen oot captala Tyneh snl tho members of the Dead dition, and when the ooject of that expedition Bea'tece se 5s d, took thom b ck to the United Sates, Ho was also Firet | eutenant of the Marion about sie years