The New York Herald Newspaper, August 19, 1857, Page 2

2 NEW YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 19, 185%. THE SOUTHERN COMMERCIAL CONVENTION, LAST DAY'S PROCEEDINGS. DEBATE ON THE RE-OPENING OF THE SLAVE TRADE, Direct vs. Indirect Taxation—Walker and the Filibusters Giyen the Cold Shoulder—Union Convention of the Agricultura’, Manufac- turing, Mechanical and Commercial Classes—Basiness Chalked out for the Next Convention, ao &o., mw FOURTH AND LAST DAY. Kwoxviix. Boum , August 18, 1857. ‘Tue Convention met at 9 o’olock, pursuant to adjourn- meat. The reading of the minutes was dispensed with. The Conventien proceeded to the consideration of the re- Ports of the Commitee on Busines. PEW TERRITORY OF ARIZONA The report on the resolutions of Lieut. Lowry, of Ari- vona, recommending to the general government the grant- ing of a eeparate organization to that part of New Mexico, od the establishment cf a port on the Gulf of California for exporis and supplies, to which end it was recommended to Bogotiate #ith Mexico for that privilege, was taken up ‘The committee recommended the adoption of the resolu. tions. Pending the question on them, Mr. Geoncs 8, Watoes, of Alabama, roee to offer a reso lution which he desired to have referred to the Committee on Business, Toe Paesmxnt declared the gentleman out of order, the unfinished business of yesterday, which was the conside tion of the reports of the Commitee oa Business, having precedence over ali other. Mr. Watpmy appealed from that decision, which was sustained. Mr. WM. E H BAryweit, of Va, by general con seat, and it being apmounced tha: the committee had no busi. meee before it, offered a resolution resommoeudiag that the Seneral government use its influence to procare from foreige governments the repeal or a redaciion of the duty ©n tobacco, raw and manufactured. I was ordered to be referred. Mr. Watpgx, by general consent, offered a resolution declaring it against the sctiled poitey and best interests of ths slaveholding States to repeal the law prohibiting the Blave trade. Referred. Mr. GLapwmy, of Mims., under the same privilege, offered ® resolution recom mending the appointment of a commit- tee consisting of one member from each Siate, to solicit fad encourage the preparation of text books for schools fund colleges, the manuscripts of eaid books to be examined, proved to be recommended to the Convention proper measures takca to seoure their publicauon. Referred, FILIRUETERISM IN NICARAGUA Mr. P. D. Pacs, of Alabama, offered the following roso- Jutions — Resolved, That it is the sense of this Convention that the cause of Gen. Wm. Walker in Nicaragua has been highly ‘meritorious, and that in our epinion the interference with his relations by the United States man of war 8.. Marys mpathizes with Gen. Walker in his attempts, un: express invitation of the provisional government of Nicaragua to iustitute a pew order of things in tat unhappy and distracted country. Resolved, That the policy of Gen. Walker to introduce the system of foreign siavery in Nicaragua be approved by this tien, and that it recommend bis enterprise to the seriovs and earnest consideration of the Southern Biates of this confederacy. Objettion being made the resolutions were not acted upon. Reeolations of @ somowhat similar character were also offered by Mr. McCrea, of Mimissippl, but for the same Feason were nol received. RESOLUTIONS IN REGARD TO SLAVERY. Mx. Browy, of Georgis, ct ® resolution recom mending the organiz tion of @ police, to check every Attempt a insurrection. Referret. Mr. Sraart, of Charleston, offered thefollowirg resolution which was Bol soled upon, objection b the President of the Convention appoint a committe to ob fuwure prospects of slavery in the Uni ed Sia es and other parts of the world, ana the character and extent of the in- Gervational law upon the subject of the Africas slave trade and the propriety of re-opening thal trade with the const of Africa, and report the same at the next Convention.’’ A SMALL STORM IN THE CONVENTION. ‘Mr. Brit, of South Carolina, rem nded the Chair that {) ‘was competent for the gentleman from South Carolina (Mr. & te More a suspension of the rules with a view to evadle bim to offer his resolution. ‘The Cuatm remarked that tie question had been just de- eided upon the appeal from U9 Uhair on the motioa of the oman from Alabama (Mr. Blunt) Yancny, of Georgia, raid he saould protest agains the President constituting |!imself autocrat over that vody Bod thearting the privileges of delegates. [Ories of * Order! oraer!” went forth from all paris Of the ball } Mr. Yasory said those who called for order were out of Order themselves. He would again protest against uch » Gourse of proceeding. ‘ Crice of “Order | erder'’’ were again uttered.) ir. Yawony aeserte? that he was not ow of order. He ‘would not euomit to such interruption. If any gentieman ‘we disposed to interrupt him, let him come face to face and do 80. He eaid thai tbe gentleman from Sout!) Carolion (ir, Bpratt) bad « perfect right to move a suspension of the ules and oMer bis resolution, should the Convention Cife ia favor of suspension. The President refused to Order the reading of the rule on that subject, which was contrary to all precedent. ‘The Cuaim repeated that the cecision of the Convention ‘was already rencered upon the question ef the tpadmissi iutions while the unfinished business was {RECT VERSO INDIRECT TAXATION, ‘The hour of 100’clock ‘Which ¥as the resolaticn favor adversely upon by the Commitee ov Business, The pending quesiicn was upon the motion of Mr, Jones, ih tae report of the commities. to the floor, proceeded to ad- Cress the Conventi m Ln suppor) of direct taxation. A Virgivia delegate tnquired whether the geners! gov- ernment bad the po t oe & tax upon their vee and otber property, when they ailurded no protec- tion for (bat property Mr. Jones aid the general gevernin ent bad andoubdtelly the constitutional power tw tax property of ali kinds; pectal ordor report but whether |; was oo wee another question f Protection, he would ask who protected their Property from foreign invasion and against insurrec- Gon but the peverai government He considered their Tight to tax opom that groand perfectly conciasive. His Ob)jeot wae to procure such & system of taxation as shall Cperate jortly, equally aod fairly upon all the of the citizens of the Uaited Sates, either ai the North, Bouth, East cr West, rich or Yi be a poor tempted to prove—and thoughs he did prove—that the wysiom of collecting revenue by indirect taxation was un- ast and Unequal between the differen: secuions of the without grumbling, avd fuch taxation, He admit thoy paid, anc he regarded i aod dingraceful that @ {raud upoo tbe poeple by those tect their interests.“ Suppore i ‘i is may be ‘where the people belong ‘0 the government: Sountry, whore the government pelonge to the people, m0 far from being true that \\ can be rated that for every dollar that goes cto the treasury through the Custom Hous, searly two are taken ut of the pockets of ie eon fuming, tex jay ing people ‘ore | procesd to the Hot moe Sheers e” that the error growy Gat of the menos that the collection of money cons the government o nomine Anything; when the trath \*, the extire cost fails on the prope uae owners of the governmest. The administra: of the government *ay they need a Die them to transact the peo) people mest (A the amount in tbe treasury, and the whole expense ia on them Last year, the 'peoole put into treasary through the Oustom House over $64,000,000. aod | am to pean it ont them nearly double to get li there. The porter charged the joober 10 per Gent on the tar! — 96 ,400,000—a0a to it the $64,000,000. and you nave 70,400,000 which thie same tariif cows the | sbber. The jobber obarged the retailer 15 per cent pro file on what he paid for tariT—$10 550,000—a4d it to tne 870. 400,000 and you $0,000,000 which the retailer pays fartif and profits on tariff’ The retailer charges the con gumer (the people) 60 per cent, tariff and profits on ta-if— $4,480,00—add it to the $50,980,000 and you @oormour amount of 171,440,000 which ft cost thy Go put $64,000,000 into the treasury, through th» House The reauit is menetrous, yet all is no: told the people, must keep thirty or forty millions of dotias invested in property peovsrary to carry tart tem Under & system of direct taxes, fog @ope at ‘be amonnt paid collectors, and as the: be no surplus coliected, the collectors would be paid only for collec ing the amount needed, by the administrators to tranract the people's businees— fPoba bly 16,000,000 or 20, (600,000 iwatent of 121,000,000 Yet strange to toll, there it a erful party in Georgia nat gained power by epporing teri? and now they are in power they support the Hari an they my, because the people can be cheated toto | yh times as much by the ‘as they will oon- ont Orking ‘, in direct taxes; and this same yf People to continue it in power. we SL See Am the cundidaie who sonke i be le in favor of & tari yes or no; ant if ne 70, 804 Fou pgree wish mop that It le wrong and uo just, a cheat and swindle, and a grievous !mpoxition, think \wide before you trust such # man wih your puree siriage, BO matier If he does tell you to “silek to the party ’’ Party ‘won't pay your taxes or buy your femily clothes Mr. Buvar, of Mobile, ingnired if & was the object of the geatieman to submit direct taxation by the geveral gov. erbment on ‘he tlave prope ty of the South ? Mr. Jonns ead bis object was that (hese mon shall give im & etatement vpon oath of the em unt of property taey hold, as alo it«approximaie value Upon thatthe govern- men} of tho Unit. 4 States shall agsees @ given sum which shall meet ite exigencies. Mr. Bivar said that, as he enderstood, it was the object of every Southern mau to detach the general government rom any uction iu regard to their peculiar institutions, Were they to give to the gorerament of the United the right to legislate in reference t thelr Bave property, and tax {ist pleasure? The proposition seemed to him to be monstrous, What ir the value of the elavos in the Sorthern country? Why, aboat two thousand millions of dvlors, and what, he weuld a:k, would be the am punt of rey nue which might be derivea from such an amount of ta able property ifthe system of cirect taxation, which the gentlewan acvocated, was to be established? It woul! beelmor! wwealculadle. Was he to be told that it was pro r to submit thia property to taxation at the will of the Jpited States government? Congress had the right to make « distinction betweea objscts of taxation, and it could not be do sbted that all they needed was the gans- ton of tae South to induce them (0 leg isiate as they ploasod with reference to that property. Ho would commend these suggestions to tbe rolemn and earnest consideration of th» Convention, and warn them not to offer gach a pre- text as the power conferred hy that resolution would af- ford tor interference by Congress wiih our slave pro- perty Mr. Hornarp, of Alabama, said that there were some of theee propesisiors which seemed to him to be unsound, bur taking the mutter altogether he thought the gentlemen fromf Georgia (Mr. Jones) was right in the main He bad no doubt that direct taxation would transfer miilions from the North to ‘he South within a very few years. He advoraied the ju:twe of diffusing the sums nocessary for collectiom among the different countion, instead of concon- trating it as at present ia a few favored cities. Mr. Boxacs Maynasp, member of Cong esa elect from this district, eald, that he though: the logic employed to sustain this proposition of direct taxation was like taal upon which certato doctrines in other parts of the country cre based—that all men were boru free and eqaal. In view of the pregent state of commercial operations throngbout the world, be was mot prepared to sustain ine proposition of the gentleman, He beld as matters now mood, tbat tt was the foreign prodacer and uot the con- sumer, that paid berevenue. He maintained that it was the stgar producer at Onba and not the consumer at Tennessee that paid the reveaue on that species of pro- dee; and the rame might be enid tn »eforonce to all other Cescriptions of property #ubjected to taxation. He main- tained thet eo far as the sy-tem of indirect taxatlog opora- ted wiih reference to the South, it was rather favorable to ie interests, inasmuch as she slaves used those articles which were not taxed As to the collection of taxes upon the principle of taxation atvo-sted by the gentleman, he «ould ray it was by no means jadiciovs, in his opiaion. They were to have among them, as a consequence of this eystem, a federal tex collector, wh> would be fed out of the pickings of the fesoval treasury at the expense of the peop’ is one fact, if nodbing else, would render this whole system objectionsble to him. He couciuded with 4 few other remarks, sbowivg the system of direct taxation to be entirely injudicious. Mr Fuuert, of South Carolina, by way of illustrating the evils of indirect taxation, stated that be ai ons ime purchased a gun in England, which he bad copsigned to Charleston. The purchase value was $250,and upon that be was compelled to pay a revenue of $50, whica Wasas much asthe tax for one year upon one hundred slaves. Moreover the North dia not recognise slaves as preperty, and in thie view of the matter it was no: {m- probable that they would be exempt from taxation even under the system proposed to be established. Mr. Boyce, of South Carolina, addressed the convention in favor of direct taxation, and demonstrated at some length the evils of the present eyetem. EDUCATION IN THB SOUTH Mr. Berara, of Georg’s, from the Committee on Busi peor, reported ‘the following resolutions, which wore lo ted :— Resolved, That the interests of education gonerally throvghout the Southern States are among the most im- portsnt tbat claim the attention of this (onvention, and that every well directed effort in their advancement should be efficiently sastalped ard fosiered. Resolved, That the time has arrived when the South owes it to herself to exter with energy on the career of more ex- tended and ample provision for the education of her youth, in the higher branches of learning, and the conven- tion of citizens alloded to by the Presiden: of this me in bis opening address, as recently hela fer forming establishing an university of the bigheet grade within our borders, is a movement in the right direction, and with every other of a sim'lar ts entitled to the cordial sympathy and material aid cf the South. Resolved, That the School Commitiee appointed at the last convention to purchase echool books be re-appointed, ‘acd that the be authorized to add one or more members to that committee from the Southern States. Rosolved, That the members from a msjority of the Southern States shall consi:tute a quorum and have power bo act, the following tames were added to “the committes as directed :—Bishop Polk, of Louisiana; Hon. John Perkins, of Louisiana; Wm. Gilmer Sims, of South Carolina, and C. K. Marshall of Missiesippi. ‘THE AKIZONA TERRITORY. Lien'enant Mowxs, the delegate from Arizona, remarked that he was requested by the gentleman from Virginia (Mr Deane) to give some infor mation regarding the region Which he represented As the time of the convention wi limited to afew hours, he would forego any lengthened explanation of the sate of things in that —— Being about to travel with the gentieman to Virginia, would: take occasion to give bim all the information be He would that when the treaty was concluded by General Gad there was po United States Citizen resident there. Now, however, there wore many of tbem settled there. and their numbers are increasing in be rasio of one or two hundred a month. For six bun- dred miles the country was free from depreda- ope by Indians, and it only needed popalation to make it. prorperous beyood conception. He asked that tbe resolu- ons in reference te it, reported by the Committee com Business, be taken up and acted upon. (fhese resolutions in the report of the agi 4 preceedings coptuined a genera) government to extead more aid and protection to ‘t—to give |t @ separate organization, and also to eatablish ‘a depot on the Guif of California for supplies and exports, to eflect which {t was recommended that, thy inte OPENING THE SLAVE TRADE. ‘Tho regular order of business was then proceeded with, being ine reports from tbe Committee on ‘A reso- lotion referred to that committee and adversely upon, in re‘erence to the re-opening of the slave trade was laken up. Mr. *raart, of South Carolina, moved to amend it by substituting the resolction which he offered in the carly part of the day, but which was not in order at the time. Mr Bivxr, of Mobile, moved to amend the amendmont by inserting before the word ‘‘slavery’’ tho words ‘abso- lute and qualified.’ Mr. Spratt acoepted the amendmen). The queetion on the sdoption of the amendment was then put, and decided in the negati ro—ayes 44, noes 43. SYSTEM OF SELLING COTTON, ETC Mr Ex.ory, of South Carolina, offered the following re- solution, which was adopted:— Resolved, That a committee of five be appoim'ed to re. to, the next Southern Commercial Convention the manver and Comparative expense of selling cottn in the principal Southern markets, and further to reportany change which, in the opinion of the Convention, would at- vance the interes # of the piantors in the sale, insurance and repacking of eotton ‘The Prest: ent appointed the following committees under that reselotion—G, P. Smith, of South Carolina; Mr, Stewart, of Mississippi; Mr. Jones, of Georgia; f. J. Prince, of Alabama; aud General Sparrow, of Soath Caro- Lina. Mr. Cannot offered the f liowing resolution, which was at Montgomery, Alabama, and that said commi'tee be re- quested to report the same in the pubtic prints before the next Convention. Mr. Strma, of Ga, offered the following resolution, which was adopted — of the douth, ‘oe pcoey f eeteslishing brehiog tem » of este pal SSeren, wo be tected fe stase tue of the towel or etienet tbe South, be referred to the conmideration Satoe tures of the Southern States, en the plan of States and cor- Pinions Descmng starchessors the enterprises, each ‘or corporation subscribing stock to appoint a delegate to « Convention War ty —-y-- of such company, giving the location to that subscribing the largest amcunt of stock. ni with ta nest ops Ord ne Tne Pee Sree Ibe Convention then took recess unt!! 8 o'clock. RVENING BESBION. ‘The Convention re arsern sled at the appoia'ed hour. Mr. J. © Brows, of Georgia, by general consent—the coneideration of the reports of the Business Jom mittee being in order—orTered a resolution of thanks to the ma- nicipal authorities of Knoxville, as well at its citizens Pg gt the horpitallty, courtesy and kindness ex dopted them to the members of the Convention. A ‘The queetion then recurring on agreeing to the report of the Comrnittoe on Basiness, asking t: be discharged from the furtber consideraticn of a resolution on the sub ve trade, jh Carolina, submitted the fol- this Convention is not Ume for pro ection upon the question ef re opening the “african tore trade, and that with « view to such tn- for vation @ Gor mittee consisting of one from each dele- ation present be inted to co.lect information apoa fhe condition of the nation, = wants of the ‘South in respect (o population and labor, and to report the feme to the next Convention, to be held at Montgomery, Alabama, in May next. Mr Srkart commented upon the argument advanced by the opronents of this scheme of reopening the slave trade, which was thet the thine bad not arrived the consideration of this subj sc). Upon the fa ple itrolght be eal that when Luther started he theory of reformation it was not the proper time When our fathers of the Revolution rose ap in vindication of their Wberty and rights, and bared their breasts to the sword to battle for their independence, that was bot the proper time. The American Revolution vin Gicated the great truth that all men wero born free and but society in ite reeret movements vin dicated @ still greater truth that inequality was pe: Ceenery (0 mane progress, In Rome there oxisted the plebian and the aristocrat, and their inequalities made Rome great In Fraoce there existe the peasant and the nobleman, and that makes her great and 8. While among classes equality in Fight, society that Inequality i peceseary to ite healtofe! existence. Mr. Wamock, of Alabama, said that the Convention #hould not be deterred from’ acting ta thie matter {rom the consideration that it might go al that they were Cobaling the re opening ef the slave trade. The fact that they m* the question and refored to tt wanted to imply that they deyied the matter wrong, gad | that they regarded slavery av objectionable. As had been remerked ou the floor yesterday by the gentieman from | Mi-riesippi (Mr. Gladney), if he believed it was wroug be | would, so help bis God, a 6 On his retaro bome and war upon it that day forward. (Ap- planre.) He believed, before his God, that there vas Lothing more right in all the economy of’ man, He would no!, like bis frend (Mr. Gladney), quote the Bible vpen tbat question, for be was satisied that the advantages of fthe’ insutulion were fully appreciated by th ho hearc him. It was stated tha; the re-opening @ trade would lead to a dissolution of the Uaion, ‘Th the poilcy of that country 1% 10 promote dissolution, witt @ view to bresk up the manufactories of the North apd thus give ber @ monopoly in all the articles of suppl? receteary for national use. A gentleman of distipotion rome few weeks ego lectured tm Ecinburg, Soetland, in veferevec to our country. It appears he bai been recently covnlty, tn cbserved v'ry closely tne’ sate of tatogy it observed wry ne etate in He spoke of the whole oountry in high erms, designating 11 fact, @ moxeter repubdiic, and eu jogized our institutions in terms of high praise. ‘Ile sald: “You cannot check the growth of that m¢nster republic. Sbe goes on with a atride that is irresistable, and you canpot etop ber except by diswiving ‘he Union,”’ He here went tno a bistory of theyoperaiion of slavery, posing ee evil effects of emarcivation upon vamaica and otber British colonies, denouasing the course of England tn respect to slavery as the arrantest bypocri- +y. He showed that the slaves which captured were rept to Sierra Leone or some other Bri! ‘possesion, and bere detained under the appreniiceship system for at one years, when they wore set at liberty, ith no means to return to their native ‘Tais he regarded as @ eyetem of slavery of the most aggravated character, euired under the feasible designation fof apprenticoship. Ne would ask if a jOonvention of Southern men were vrepared to vote dowa this proposition, which was mere- ly tmtended ag an inquiry into the condition of slavery and the African pation He would hope not Oa the contrary, he trusted it would be unanimously adopted. ur. L J. Goourry, of Vi said he mistook much the reniiments and feelings of the members of that Con- vention if they would allow themselves to be influenced by any consideration of fear leet any manifestation of feeling upon this subject would lead tq an outory against he ‘nstiution of slavery, Were they to let il go to Exo- ter Hall thet Southern men were af aid to appoint s com mittee of Southern men to examine into the subject of slavery? Shall they have it told to them through abo- lition prints, whetber of the mountatos of Vermont, or of the metropolitan clty of Ne= York, or thai hole of abo- iitontim in the centre of Massachosets (Boston), tha; they dare not examtse into this question, simply becanse it would be supposed that they wore in favor of the opening «f the slave race? Were they 1gmeon wao were anxious to see the Christian religion diff.sed into every region of the earth, to go in opposition to the greatest mis- siopary enterprise that the sun cyer shone upon, from apy such consideration as the had re ferred t-? They eent their missionarics to and fro, and what did they do? Why comparatively nothing. Look a\ your missionaries here, and see what has been the re- soltcf their exertions, He maivtained that the African elave trade so far from being aa evil, did, moe than the zreate+t misei vary enterprise in the csure of religion ant civilization, (Applause.) And were they, ax Southern mep, afraid to inqolre into the con dition, because, forsooth, {i would give rive to an iaea (bat they contemplate the re- vival of a trade more bumanizing in its etfects than any de- vice that could be conceived. Why, the whole civilized world was ditcusring the question at this ime, and they of twe South were told that they ought not to discuss it, or that Exeter Hall would reise @ great ory, and Harriet Beo- cher Stowe would write snother novel about them.— (Laughier.) And this was what Southern men were afraid of. the resolution asked this Convention to favor the re opening of the slave trade, he would vote against it. But understaading it simply to propose in- quiry ¥ lib reference to slavery, he was ready to gutain it apd war notevery man there from Virginia tn favor of obtaining ali the ligh; possible in reference to thas subject? He wouid say they were, and he folt satisfied thoy would give thetr aid to ob'ain it. Ifslavery was the groat evil which {t was represented in certain quarters to be, he would say, for God’s sake, examice into it Mr. ©. Locurayn, of Ga, addressed the Convention brie Oy in support of the amendment, after which Mr. O. P. Tewrie, of Knoxville, offered the following sa an independent preposition: ~ “Resolved further, that for the beiter information of the next Convention, a committee of five be appointed to rezort at the next Com mercial Conven- tion, to be held at Montgomery, Alabama, upon the subject of foreign immigration, showing by carefully compiled sta- Ustics, to what extent the South has been orerborne by the annual infusion of forelgners into the North within the last fiffeen years” A brief discussion arose as to to the admissibility of this proposition in connection wi |: the subject under considera- Uon. It was voted as not germain to the question be‘ore the convention, but was, meanwhile, received as an inde- pendent proposition. Mr. Terie said he did not tntend to detain the Conven- tion buts few minutes. He would ask what was i; that the Convention was debating up»n for the past four days? Of course what was caiculated to promote the pros- perity and independence of the Southern States. That was Weir object. In furtheranoe of that object, bis friend from ee of raisipg & Committee to examine to the subject of re-opening the African slare trade and to at the next session of that Convention. What is the obj of that proposition? 1; unquestionably what ons large scale into tne ‘States, to evabie them the better to resist the en- croachmen's of their Nortnera brethres. What was bis proporition? Witbout detaining them with any statistical cCommenis, be would refer them tothe statistics of the country Sine by the general goveroment. They ‘would ree hundreds of thousands of foreignors were ccming into the United States every year, and that a large mejority of teem go to the Northwestern States aod that mot more than ono-fith or twoOfbs were coming to the Southern States. He would be perm!tted to remark taat {f they would come here ne objection woulc be made to them, for we would be in no danger from them. They would soon be assimi- Iated with us, and be incorporated !nto our social sysiem. But they go to the North womern States and with the biack republicans, and for good reason, because they come from countries tbat are opposed to siavery. Tey ‘were swelling the population of the Northern States, and thus rendering them to powerful for us. Lartead of in- creasing in population we were decreasing, and, as a con- sequence, were lo1irg one or two members of Cong ‘ees every year. He would eay that their remarks were dis- tated by no spirit of Americaniem cr Know Nothingism. He was actuated in referring to this subject solely by mo- Uvex of interest for ihe He trusted the proposition would be adoptec, and that the commitiee give this matier due coprideration. Mr. Deas, of Virginia, said, before the Convention ascombied wis evening the gentleman from South Caro- liom (Mr Spratt) came to him as a member of the Virgiaia dolegation, and ¢: to him the greatest anxtoty that & committee #bould be raised upon this subject. He arked him (Mr, Deane) to interfere with his colleagues in the matter, He left the aifair with his colleague (Mr. Gogerty the reporter presumes), and, no doubt, dia what was proper inthe mater. ‘There was nothing thet would be asked of him in courtesy that he would not be ready to grant, if it was in bis a ‘Ho would say, then, with no Gtsrespect, that when he was told that he was afraid to meet this question, when he was told, as a Southern man, that soch @ course as be had ‘shore: ry calcvl sted to get up a2 out sry againet, he would call upoa the Virginia delegation to ‘sland up tothe matier. (Ap- . Corman, of Louisiana, moved to lay the resolution of ntleman from Temaeesee (Mr. Temple) on the table, to. Sxgup said he was very woll known in Tennessee, ‘at least, or if not, it was not his fault, to be what is oon- fruet in Tennessee @ litle extreme on the subject of Southern rights, yet he could not vote for this proposition in any aspect of the case that he could view it. He would move, therefere, to lay the whole subjectom the table— ihe report of the committee, with tbe amendment oifered | A cee South Carolina. Rejected—ayes, ; nee, ‘The question then resurred om the adoption of the amendment, which was agreed to, the vote standing, i 4 the following agreed to — iving an exclusive right to the Tebuantepes route. On the repeal of laws bounties to those engaged in the northeastern Major Chere, of — government to peal ign countries of thedaties on raw and manufacte: Seah Sa seereins eactanive costeet ot tho Semmes ts {his Convention ‘adjoarn thie evening at o'clock to meet vA ‘00 the seeond Mot day 6 A ee et COR VENTION OF THE AGRICULTURAL, MANTACTIRING, MBCIANT hr. Brewv, of Mobile, offered tne following preambl ir. vst, ie and resolutions, which were oe Constitution demands the best energics of all ite citizens. The Southern slaveholding Siates, in their loyalty and devotion to its continuance. do not ase ime to thomeclves more credit than is due to the conservative spirit and pa- trio'ic feelings which exist among that portion of their Nortbern fellow citizens with whom they would ©: operate to arouse « fpirit of resistance to the anarchical tendency of large masses of the Northern population, and bring back the govern of the Union to the purity and simplicity with which administered im the better and bap jer days 0° the republic! To properly direet wholesrme public acnttmont of the North—to the politica! elements of disturbance and revolution from the great popular opinion of the free Siater—to bring Into active and healthy exercise the who'erom* patriotic impulse etill exirting among them, and i . hee dh hay with them and the con- servative inf sepoes govornin, ular feeling of South, be it, therefore, ee Reebived, That in the opision of thie Convention, tho agricultural, mapufacturing, commercial and mechanical clases of tbe whole Union aro deeply interested in vation onder the goaranties of the constitation Reaolved, That a convention of delegator, roprosentt the egriculiural. manufactaring, mechanical and commer ciel 00 of all the Bates of the Uni bo held in Loute ville, Kentucky, on the third Monday of July, 1858, tab 10 Cone tho stato of padiic affairs, to ways and means for the perpetuity of natitations, the arement €f all the constitutional guaranties by’ tho general government to tle reveral States, the unqaal!ti recognition of the -igbte of the ta'es and the prempt exe. cotion of all laws constivvtionally enasted under the coreme jority of the Union, would, in the opinion of thie Oop vention. go very far to advance the pubis welfare and onrd the #ild spirit of anareby and fanauciem which now the peace and happiness of our commoa "The piace for Boling the Convention wae ghangst fron Lovtsville to Memrh's, Ternessee, Kentucky being only re- presented by one in this Convention. Mr. Pacs, of Alabama, offered the resolutions in relation fo the couree of Gou. Walker in Nicaragua, which are given in soother part of this report, but they were rejoot- ed. The vote stood, ayes 16, noes 68. Dr. Las, 0! Mississippi, offered a resolution of thanks to the President and other ¢ flicerr, also to the ra aud el- ders of the First Presbyterian chuch for use of that butlding, which were adopted Resolutions of thanks 0 the citizens of Kuoxville and euch of the railroad companies as afforded travelling fa- cilities to the delegates were also offere 1 and adopied. Hon. Mr. Cox, of Tennessee, moved an adjournment. Before pauiing the question, the President addressed the Convention in a happy speech, which, owing to the minvtes lett before the departure of the mail, the reporier is vnable to transcribe The Convenion adjourned to meet at Montgome- ry, Ala, ou the second Monday in May, 1858, The delegates will all leave to-mo-ow; most of them, tn fact, loft ou yesterday, as was manifest from the thin at- tendance to Political Intelligence. ‘Trm Next Naw York Exacrion.—At the fall election in thie State candidates for the following offices aro to be elected :~ Secretary of State, Comptrolier, Stat» Treasurer, Attorney Genoral, State Engineer and Surveyor, Judge of the Court of Appeals, Canal Commissioner, Siate Prison napector. ‘Texas Execrion.—The latest election news is given in « slip from the office of the Galveston Civilian, asfolio ws:— We have received returns, in some cases fall, but tn moet very partial, from 48 of the 116 counties, wuich foo} vp for Governor—Rupnels, democrat, 12,516; Houston, 91864. Msjority for Runnels, 2,662, The fall vote of she same counties will increase this mejority to over 3,000. Cameron county (Brownsville) reported 860 majority for Runpels. The returns include five or six of Houston’s stropg counties, We regard the election of Runnels as rialn. othe election of Lubbock, fer Lieutenant Governor, and —— and Bryan to Congress, (all democrats) is beyond joubt. White (damoorat) is 1,062 ahoad of Crosby, for Commis stoner of the Land Office, aud the result doubtfui. Of the Senators holding over, 11 are domosrats, and 6 K. N.’s. So far as hoard from, the democrats have eleot- ed 10, and the K N.’s 1, in Nacogdoches. To the Lower Hongo, the democrats, 90 far as heard from, bave 80, the K N.’s 4, independent 2, Custom House Reform. TO THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD. As no correspondence has lately appeared in relation to this subject, it would seem that the recent improvements and the trazeaction of business at the public atore, having been tested, are stich as to give genoral eatisfaction; and as from tho tenor of yeur remarks on the letter you did me the favor to publish a fow days ago, I must believe it was scarcely possible in legisia'ing for the many to ayold inflicting an injury on some few, no matter what class they might represent. 1 should have remai aed satis. fied and not troubled you farther had nota system of coercion and petty tyranny boen tatrodased, which, as s lover of justice, it beseems you to expose and condemm At you are pomibly aware, there are some merchants who have not yet signed the request recommended by the Collector, and these unfortunate gentlemen are made to suffer the greatest porsible inconvenience, not only by delay but by imposition, as s reward for their temerity. ‘The firm by whom Iam employed are in this position. ‘The manner in which | have hitherto attended to their interests ons given them salsfartion, and they continaed their covfidence by requer ti e to obtain their goods with as little delay as possible shor being pretest, and wih this view I have attended the public store at all periods of the day, desiring to be informed if any were issued for such packages as bad been passed, but without success. Th signing merchants are tabooed, for, although I saw the permits, I was distinctly informed they would not be given to nfe until the merchandise had been traniferred, when [ abould bave to pay the expense Of transferring and storage. Now, I appeal to you, Mr E4itor, if this is justice. If the reform recently adopted by Mr. Schell is beneficial to the merchants, where isthe necessity for coercing thet to adopt it? The merchandise of the importer is solel; preperty on complying with the regulations of the cus- ‘He supplies the revenue D; transport them to b's piace of business, ee to every whim of lector? In another point of view this measure is upjast. are several firms who keep their own borses and and pay large salaries to the drivers of them; what righ! are they obliged to employ otter carts their own would suffice? There are also a im ber of commiesion importers in this city who impert for mer- chants doing business in the interior, who have cou. veniepee for receiving large packages, and usually sen< clerk with their cartman to mark ‘and ship them, who are necessitated by these to double cartage where one hitherto would have been cent. It is true that any change from a system with which we are familiar is, @t ite commencement, more or less fraught with inconvenience, and of that there woald be Bo real cauee for complaint; but io this change the injus- ow ts so palpable as to deserve at once to be condemned. AN IMPORTER’S CARTMAN. i i S » aE Singular Murder in Phil AN UNCLE AND ANBPHEW MARRYING THE SAME ‘WOMAN—MURDBR OF THE NEPAEW BY THE UNCLE. [From tho Philadeipbia Ledger, August 18.) A very deliberate and Ls wend tated murder was committed yesterday the neighborhord of Fourth and ry streets. Toe murdered men ware young Englishman, named William L Smith, and the por- pet of the actavas bis uncle, Froeth, who, meeting his nephew in the siree!, attem, to shoot him, Dat the pistol being Rocked from bis hand, the des, man pursued his nephow {nto a tavern, the Wash! Hotel, No, 232 Cherry street, kept by Joseph Wrigley, and before he could be prevented, fired three shots {rom a re- volver into the body of the nephew. Freeth, it appears, is also an Englishman. He came to this ‘about eleven years mince, with bis wife, avd ormmenced work asa jeweller. After becoming setiled, be returned to Eeglend,and on his return bi his nephew, Smith, a'so a jeweller, with him. Soon arrival of Smith, a ciiculty occurred between Freeth aad his wife, in consequence of its being insicusted that Froeth bad another wife living. Mrs Freeth, thcugh a mother of seven children, applied for a divorce about foor years wirce, and after a hearing before Judge Kelley, obtained it. Tw ‘Smith married his divorced avant. This siate of things led to Ill ‘eehngs and throats betwoon the uncle and nephew, Freeth — that the decoased bad threatened to tako the former's jife several timas. ‘Smith and bis wife moved into Fourth stroot, between Ccates and Brown, and yesterday Smith started down town seis ietod niko eed, nsuet faery” s ‘nat ior rison, and while thos engaged Freeth ed oH oa ES ‘out of the omnibur and ap; same Sins, “hath, you are ‘on fine about me” Smith replied by saying, “that he was uot dotog anything against a Freeth made some to this, and sald, ‘Did I not eto this couniey?” Smith denied this. Frooth your » then replied, “I will show you,” a\ the same time pulling from abide pocket . ot a six revolver. Freeth pointed the and “mith, area dead Tan," bet before be ooula tne Se Smith, eeth’s baod. Smith then ran down Cherry ‘up bis pistol and rap after bim. ‘asbington Hotel, be ran in, of them ran through the i i i Hi a s * & ti After bis release from prison he was encients, and thet Smith and Santom street, frequently within the inet two or three a and bas spoken to as about Smith's conduct to hi M1 jorn for bis kindness in paying his passage from Eag- ww sticharged Smith from © diechar our omy months ago becaune of his general irregular habite of life ard our want of confi tence in him, sinoe which time, we understand, be has been jobbing on hia own acoonnt, {il this (Monday) morning, It a) , he commenced work for Mr, Duboeq, in Chestout next to the /. ger Mee. : Freel bs ed von wat a = od A bimael? the reaponsthtl runst winch Hae we Dave not scen,bjim till we saw him by the side of the corpse. A wi ineued for his arrest, but we don’t care about purquing bim now, | of that river, 2471. American Commerce with the South Amert- can States. ‘The vast country stretshing from the southern border of the United States, in north latitude 32 deg., 22 min., to Cape Horn, and from the Atlanti to the Pacific, is divided into Mexico op the north, Central Amorica south of it and north of the Isthmus of Darien, and the States of South America between the Isthmus ani Torra del Faega. Mexico is divided into twenty-one States and three Terri tories, while Central America contains five States, and South America thirteen, besides Patagonia, which is un civilized. All these Siates, with the exception of the latter and Brazil, are denominated republics. There are also in South America small English and French oclonios. Mexico contains an area of about 855,964 square miles. Central America contains about 203,551 square miles. ‘The thirteen South American States contain about 6,623,- 633 square miles, and Patagonia about 441,309, We thus bave a grand total on the surface of this con- tinent, and south of tho States aad Territories of the Ame rican Union, of square miles as follows: — Mexico, square miles. ‘Thirteen South American States. . ‘The population of these divisions of the American conti- neat is estimated about as follows:— Mexico, population Central America ‘Thirteen States of South America... Patag af TOL... .cescsececsereercsccteree sens coon e 026)$h4,000 Of the whole population there is found to be a large pro. portion of Indian and mixed races. Of this class of people the largest numbers are found in Mexico, which contains ‘no less than 5,800,000, and in 1836 there were ouly 1,200, 000 whites and European creoles. In Brazil there are about 3,180,000 Indians and free colored races, and 2,086,666 black and Indian slaves. In Central America, among its 2,000,000 of inhabitants, ‘no less than 1,425,000 consist of Indians and free colored races. In several other South American States abou, one-half or more of their population consists of free people of color, Indians and mixed raves. In this general view of the population of the vast terri- tories on the American continent south of the United States, may be found the reason for the instability of their governments when founded upon the popular will; and also explaing the fact that the most successful among them has been Brazil, which is a monarchy. The history of most of the South American States since thelr separation from Spain, has been Little else than a his- tory of revolutions. Owing to the increase and extension of the commerc® of the world within the past few years, consequent upon the discoveries of gold in California and Australis, many or those States have groaily improved in their commerce, and made greater progress in the art of government, and given signs in may cases of greater political stability. ‘This vast area of country, containing as it does such a wide extent of land and great variety of soil, climate and productions, and intersected as it is by such a large num. ber of navigable water courses, is in the centuries before us to draw within its boundaries an immense population from the northern States of Earope and from the United Siates of North America. Its climate, its vegetable aud mineral! resources, will afford the strongest inducements for colonization. When the valley of the Mississippi and the shores of the Pacific become well peopled, the tide of emi- gration must set steadily and perpetually to the south ward. People in Massachusetts do not emigrate North—they go ‘West or South, as population increases. This has been the case in Europe, and mus} continue to be so with them and with us, for many ages to come. In Europe, the people Cannot successfally colonize in Africa to any importan; extent. Neither are they likely to emigrate largely to Asia Minor, and still less likely toseek colonization in India or China. America for centuries to come must continue to be the future refage and home for the higher or Caucasian Europeans and their descen tants, with the Teutonic races ‘and mixtures of Northern and Central Europe, as woll as for the British Saxon races of Great Britain; and when the United Sates are peopled, they, with the Americans or Anglo-Americans and thelr descendants, must, by neces- sity, push on towards Cape Horn. The mongrel population of South America will be superseded, and disappear before the spread of higher and more energetic races. Mines wil) be worked, railroads made, canals dug, and the vast leagues of rich lands which are now claimed by somo naked Indian chief or half breed, and half savage hunter, ‘Decause he can overlook it from some hill top or mountain peak, will be required for the tillage and support ofa stronger race, and instead of being the hiding places for wild beasts, or grazing lands for wild caitle, bey will teem with farms, villages and cities distinguished for progress and civilization, As the Old World bas been the nursery for the most intellectual and power. ful races of mankind in ages past, tho future home and nursery of their descendants will bo found on the conti- nent of America, and ultimaicly in greatest numbers in the vast regions on that part of the continent south of the United States. When we examine the vast space of country occupied Dy the South American Siates, we are struck with the paa” city of its population, which contains only about 16,314,390, or only about 2.41 to the equare mile; while Belgium, the moet populous country in Europe, contains 388 60 to the square mile; Holland 259, and Eogland 932; Switzerland 160; Turkey in Europe 73.60; Russia in Earope 28, Tae least densely popalated States of Europe are Sweden and Norway, which contain 1,83 to the equare mile. Prussia contains 150; Aastria 140; Denmark 101.92; France 172.74; Portugal 95.14; and Spain 75.03, The average population for all Burope is sald to be about 68.1 to the square milo, The average density of population of the Now Eagland States im North Amorica is 41.04; of the middio States, 51.79; Soutaera States, 15.27, and States in the valley of the Mississipp! and east Atlantic slope, east of the Alle ghanies, 20. The total average for the whole United States in 1840, before the expansion of our territorial pos, scasions on the Pacific, was 9.65, and in 1860, 7.90 to the square mile. If we aseume that the 7,124,357 equare miles of the whole country south of the United States to Cape Hora, bad a population to the square mile equal to that of ail the States and Territories of the United States, at the present me, of about cight to the square mile, they would give & population of about 66,904,866. If they contained the number of people to the square mile of the Atlantic States: ‘vis. : 20 to the square mile, they would contain a population Ei South contains a Hon of 982,677,909, This continent, north and tooth, wt ‘only contains about 64, 000,000, as Karope, would contain a ‘America eee eeeeeeecees T6387 448,824,491 Total... scecsceeseeceee10,900,989 646,772,129 As the lish is the irrevocably established language of th nertaateoriowe ‘States, and ullimately mast be spoken ‘by thetr future 1 fair to con clude that it will extent by the futo © millions to time come when over 000,000 on this continent wiil may " the Eoglieh language. The paucity of the apuiation {a the South American ‘Staten at the prevent th is not more re markatte than the meegro and unequal commer carried on between them end the United States. Though occupying @ part of ths same continent, our commerce, in the aggregato, !n value stands only thitd on the list, Rogland noe from 50 to 60 per cent of the whole, w: received that aitention and encyuragement they deserved. Our Consuls, if qoall fed, hare it in thelr to do much for the extension of our commerce wiin of the world. But, unfortunate! fcal considerations, A 1 practi polit! erations, A lawyer with a emall in who may show & deal of emartoees at a country court houge at the West, or the d who bas figured as chairman of seme political stub, and exhibited much tact, may still be dedtitute of that commercial know! general intelligence necessary for the id of bia official duties, Hense ihe commercial — published by the State Department at Washington, li to be derived / mere Loe Latter Ag rom consular peyote 4 when conrular returns are given, they are frequently mere jombled compilations ments pab- lished at the © which they go, and thoy often hire persons t) tranalat bave, per- bay bications. Ww he resorted to Tren ey report, ot wel an Fags and French authorities, for information from State Department report chiefly derived its statistics, we ‘were accused of not giving it proper credit. Now, where i the orodit duet phe original com: pilations from which the report was prepared, or to the report itself? The answer is obvious. d have examined some of its Consular reports, and have found them mostly of little or no value; they are either behind the times or contain serious biunders. We wish the compiler of the State department report to under- ‘stand that all the principal tables our commerce with South America, and its pocele alte chiefly de- rived from the United States ry rop: ae from fe- reign publications, while our remarks, with the grouping and arrangement of the subject, are enti our own. Of this we hope the Washington compiler take due notice, and not again cast imputations upon our efforts, a8 he did on a former occasion when we pursued tho same courte in our elaborate article on the commerce of ‘On the 4:h of February, 1846, we stooi ate wharf om the East river, in New York, and saw the shi» Brooklyn, of 445 tons, Ospt. Richardson, sail for the Sandwich Islance and'California. She had 136 deck ana three abla ers, all Americans from the middle and New Eng- land S.ates, among whom werea number of Mormons. She reached the Sandwich Islands in 136 days, and afver- wards landed her emiyrante ‘n California, having lost om the voyage five and one seaman. Toe vessel was sertoutby A. G. . under @ contract with the Brennen 0 ory emigrants to the Paciflo coast, im- Oregon, Atthattime California had not been acquired by the United States government. The world was dragging “its slow length along’’ in oom- mercial pursuits. The South American Siates were dor- meat in everything buiin revoludons. He was a bold travellor who ascended the 4an Jaan river in Nicaragua, in bungoes, or the Chagres rivor in negro canoes, and cress ed the Isthmus to the shores of the Pacific. Some ofthe emigrants who went out to California the ship Brooklyn were the first to discover in Sutter’s mill race. From that day anew era opened upon ibe Commerce of the world and the progress of mae- kind, The discovery of geld fields im Aastralia resulted from the discovery of thore in California, az gold digging immigrants from the latier to the former first the discovery. From wine to ten years have now lapsed since tue first gold was thrown up in Sutter’s mill race, and over $500,000,000 of gold have been added to the wealth of the world. And what is the result? A vast inorease in commercial intercourse and expansion sil over the world. New terri- tories have been rapidly settled and matured into Siates. New towns ba: prumg into populous existence, The steamship and of the world has been augmented, and whi.e new cities have been founded, ones hase expanced with renewed vitality. The old towm of Panama, in whose old church turrets the ancient bells bad for centuries called its votaries to vespers, and berne witness to the silence, solitude and around them, tolled a new era for the South America States when the first hardy band of Yankee omer camped within their gound. On that day a new of thinge dawned upon the town, upon the Isthmus, upom South America, and upon the world. Soon the evening gun and the railroad whistle competed with the old church bells in breaking the a or in waking echoes through the morning air. The iret of the South American Biates to profit largely by gold discoveries wat Chili, she reduced what the gold diggers wanted, wheat and flour. e result bas been that a no w, bright and glorious era bea been opened to the South American States of ths Pacific, How far they are to profit by it will depend upon the amount of the infusion of the higher avd more energetie races to which wo hare referred, who will ald ia giv- ing them more permanent forms ef government and laws, with greater advancement im all the arts of life. To exbiblt the progress of oom- merce between the United States and the States of South One ME do so at three different periods, Vigim Ist. In 1848, before the discovery of gold im California. 2d. Im 1861, after its full developement, and ‘Sd. In 1866, ending in each case with the financial year of the Untted States, vix : the 30th June. tables will exhibit the extent of the commerce of the Uni ed States with Mexico and South America just prier to ‘be discovery of gold in California, com} with the eamo fn 1851 and 1866, subecquent to the discovery of gold io both California and Atv } For the Year 1848—Ending June 30. "6,378 18,273 ‘308 124,603 213,296 188 463,028 1,225,611 1,631 8,872,434 7,902,648 6 T,208 oe 233,298 1,026,087 os 383,728 523 11,08 in Now Granada and Venezuela). 1,924,511 1,310,451 10,406 111,849 S17,760 60,378 2 = $10,812,143 $14,226,721 153,608 1851, " $1,681,783 $1,581,783 81,088 ac ee ae 044, 1,168 nest 2% isan 64,020 $22,782,080 290,406 $3,568,681 47,128 246,863, 8432 2,926,010 129,518 4,202,174 25,615 Republic. 9,863 2,522,161 24,806 Ueeey teers. bens $01,086 13,T84 Colombia (included in New Granada and Venezuela). Fquador 29,440 84,821 om Chili..... 2,807,743 S19 2241T 5,094 904 19,262,657 ‘14,280 ‘217,769 61,668, 181,161 Ik should be remarked that the exports and | « Paraguay are included in those of Uruguay and Ayres or Argentine Republis. RECAPITULATION OF Asp TONNAGE AT Tam Exports, THRE = Peniope Srscrrmep, . ‘Am. rotary ameter) + 18,080,627 230,406 2 18,490,628 181,168 From 1848 to 1851 the changes in our commerce wit the States above named were as follows:— 5 Imports. —— Increage.......... $2,028,484 $13,652,250 86, From 18651 to 1866 the wore as follows: TIncrease........... $5,449,001 12,376,600 Decrease im topDage..... 6.60. .06 seeses 68,268 Difference between the results 1848, before the dis- covery of gold in California, and in 1856—~or tn the brief of eight years:— Exports. Imports, —- Increase,........+ ple ga $20,733,860 2, The greatest increase tonnage has beon with New Granada, owing to the connection of our ma\l seamors af Panama. ‘The greatest prosperity seems to have been ised between 1826 and 1540, when our exports and It ports to and from that repubiic averaged from four millions of dollars, nearly baiancing each it seems to have reached its height, when our amovnted to $9,029,000 and tmporta to $9,490,000, ing tonnage to the amount of 44,453 American, and foreign. From that period to the present our lapguisbed, and was ina measure suspended di war : H z i Hen fae i z 25 » «96,281,000 Prt ey 4 1826... 2. 1866... coves 8,702,239 8,568,681 47,128 Decreare $347,617 Increase *. 5 iil It will be perceived by ‘an examination of our that as far as our and import trade with all the South American States, in the , a concerned, the balance, at all periods, bas been Against us. In 1848 our imports exceeded oor exports by the sum of sean es, ia 1861, by $19,742,363, and in 1866, by reatest balance of trade ogetnat wo i tn our inten. wo while 50% cent ad thetr vale To show how the balance of trade in Brazil hee, gutees upon the United States, wo submit tho following « exports and imports for the periods named — Balance f fe, pat, “tie ‘ “ T1128 904 14,167,768. 9,047 688 souled tm Breall tbe this Brawl June, 1867 vil show a otil larger balance of trade — = ‘as coffee bas in that period increased in pom her prices im this couniry than = years prev’ A Onur commercial relations with the South American “ ‘coun ‘nee & country tected with navigab! 16 36,600,000 people, itn b~ ¢ about $18,400 ee rea on of $16 User commerce with all South Amorica does not $Eeted $u0,882,941 aod imported 817,485,101, nt em” Postime meat arrive when ocr (rede, with the Soeth bd 4