The New York Herald Newspaper, May 11, 1857, Page 2

2 at Lyons, with « primitive capital of 18,000,000 in error, vé the State of Maryland, December term of Uirely realized, It bas riuce eeu iucreased vo 60,006,000 Superme Court of the Unked Saiee 1866" “whatever franne, curly eutcerib of win 4 ral below low water mark, is the su exclusive pro- Thos relauons vith we United States are considerable. It [ey oo erg aps ay aco ae ee Porat elt laage non screw wtouinees, divided into oil is held Ly the Bue wubject to and. in trust forthe ea- bie. Two others, of 3,500 tons burden and #00 horse Wr liberty of taking Gali, a w Foe MTree , are on the stocks at Nantes, and will be ready . to 1867. lk has organized & semi-moathly service New York, a y service with Brazi!, and a like gervice with New Orteans, touching at the Antilles and | Havana. convinced of the advantages that must some erected ahne of service with the ceutre of the United tes at Paris, @ proposition for the imme- aac of @ Nae of steamers between Nantes or Havre apd Lived or City the expres condition that they shall receive strourand dollars per voyage (to and fro,) from the eae age b pogmadllineens Be which carry mail government to France continent of Europe. After @e' of the five years, each party will be ai liberty respectively to continue the service. E, LACOUTURE, icon, Va., Nov. 7, 1866, FRANCO-AMERIOAN TRANS-ATLATTIC NAVIGATION COMPANY. au Trans-AUantic Navigation Com- say aeaienend aoe ‘al of 18,000,000, francs possesa- acapit r iron screw steamers, with nage varying from 2,000 to 2, neene panel, Civee of were employed il b one hull necessary material, or the; lortake the ectablishment of the line alone ; but state of relations of the Southern States @ill it to hope that the commercial traffic will ficient for the present to the line and render sMuncration for the imyested by the com- to Mr. Loudon Le tod de Tacouture, in his 4 ‘commonwealth of Vir- Tay toe of twenty-five thousand ce cee company a ‘& mont service, commencing Norfalk uid Havre or Nawion sould to Mr. Mason #1 - 18 uscepti. ble of beta approved by the government of Virginia, it bo put im proper form and addressed to the Governor Asp ot tne shore was delivered to Mr. Mason, minis- fer at 5 GOVERNOR WISR’S REPLY. Rucons, Va., April 12, 1857. To. Lacovrore, Esq.—Sxx—Your memorial to the Go vornet of Virginia, of tho 7th Noyomber last, has been duly Counidered, aud I bave now the honor of communica- ting 4 Porthal reply. The écopemical condition of the Stato of Virginia, and the causte witich have intiuenced or affected its results, meed to be explained and understood. It is not wonderful Unat they are 60 misunderstood abroad whilst they are so little apprehended at bome, and that strangers should err ‘bout our Interest whilst our own people have neglected & gewernlize the fects of our history; and our neighbors in the sister States of the confederacy have not failed lo make @ profit out of the anomalies of our modes of life, and at tho same time to misreprescat our industria! character, Ta the Grst place, call your atiention to the fact that Gur Gre settiors wore all planters, and the earliest jute rest of our people was a plantation interest This was @omething more characteristic than aa agricultural interest ‘simply. was an occupation of land in very. largo extout ‘by liberal preprictors, who cullivated staple crops of to- acce, grain aud cotion, by slave operatives, whom they ‘were encouraged by Great Britain to import from Africa. during the whole time of our colonial existence. This in Mself was opposed to the concentration of capital and popu- lation necessary to generate trade and commerce. At the same time the mother country discouraged tho marigation and commercial intorests of al! the colonies aud smonopolized the carrying trade almost cnturcly ,to n: Looking at the map of Virginia, yon see the whole adlanuc low lands watered by the Potomac, the Rappabapaock, the Pianbatavk, the rivers of Mobjack bay, the York, the James and the Roanoke, streams rising fm the great Appalachian chain of mountains, and running afew miles ouly apart from cach other ia parallel lines from west to east, and all of them, except the last, empty- ing imto the grand | resevoir of Une Chesapeake bay, which ‘off the main eastern easter and firet settied part of the terruory was found naturally divided (ato vo lew than seven distinct peninsu- Tas, separated from each other by eight considerable bodies of navigable waters. Up all these waters the ton nage of Great Britain came and found facilities of ship meat everywhere, teep water, wharfage, and acce «ibility to navigation up to the very steps of the Blue Rudge of the Alleguanics. ‘Thie also tended to diffuxe population and capital, and Prevented the concentration of either at any one point, to form a city for parposes of commerce. Every piautation found « landing #1 its own fekis or near in its neighbor hood, and but ashi load had to be collected at any one Jocaiity, molt was the couvenience to and from markot of the caritest setioments in eastern Virgina. Again: When population moved Woatward, it crazed ‘the Bue Ridge mountains into a rich and beautiful valley Tuning worth and soota, whioh has no naturel outiet but at its northern terminus ur limits, and it hat to pour its products out of our marts iuto those of the ad pining ate of Macylain!, at th pay. And when it crossed the of the Alleghanies, it -ettied upon ri inte the great basin of the Mistesippi, and bad to oducts by the Sionor gabela, and the Gyandote, and the eo Kauawhas,and the Sandy, ton the Ohio=to Dtild up Pittsburg, and Cincinnati ang New Urlean:—cities of Peuurylvauia, Olio aud Louisiaga. vad of he Chesapenke xt and paraliel ridge r= towing westward end its Thur, by every geographical and geological canse were our people segregaud into separate comm , and divided from each other and ali mutual commercial depen- ¢ency. Thur at the begipning, from the character of their kettlers and interests, and of thetr operatives in labor, from the natnro of thetr various territory, from both physical d necessity, the habitades of our people wore formed avticommercial. They grew up a plant way utterly d wo the concentration o! Capital, to Ut building of cit encouragement of the mechanic arts, all depen Again Besides these causes, a great ocear ause com pelled the concentration of commerce at New York, as long a rails have been the motors by sca. The webergs of the Arctic, and the trade winds of the tropics and the Gulf Stream, have made currents of water and of air so defined in their course and limits, that whether a ship sail from Florida cape or Barvegat, from Chesapeake bay or New foundiand banke, she has to take the same effing, and por- fue the same track over the seas to make the quickest tip to Liv ‘or Havre. If she veers a fraction of a too far north, she is in mists and storms and New jo fr comparatively New York. But ‘competion ns, will New York. No \, from alone, lew York. No fact can better illustrate this than the rivalry of Philadel. phia with New York for commercial supremacy. She had Moore capital than New York, higher commercial charac- ter, was the contre for many of the Gnancia! means of government, and lacked neither ambition por eaterprise to contend for the mastery; but ale was obliged to yield. et 0 tie Capes of Delaware whilst the ng New Forken.—benten, porkags, on the way— turned in direct to port, and out her shipping iit ‘whilst the Philadelphia ship waa slowly beating up a swan neck channel. The two days delay determiacd the strug Philadelphia had to withdraw from the coatest, be ting point for New York impertations, and He gagaciously turned bor capital to manufacturing. And yet ¢ @he has not gone behindhand, nor have we, by not strug: ging against natural and uncontroliable caures, She has ceased comparatively to import, but she has gained and not lost thereby ; thus , sohave we. In this we have done wisely and well, ao’ this I will try w show, the operation of these causes wo bave begun and | -- PF an agricultural people, prodnyers of toe raw roaterial, rotying 08 manual labor in planting and Te7AME, Feat 4 yet, apy and mining aod manu. the coptguigd popu lation and capital and skill of other we have lost iri~¢ the world den f nod we have fal * ‘moral an’ Political field, greater than trade aod Arta in the physica of other States. fo cities, but we bave a melirrated , clviliaed in the coantry Bolitmde, gractous in the amenities of life, and retine t and conservative in social habita, We havo little associated more individual con oe any qe ‘white population in the United States. We have no Chanie arta, but are Letter ablo, on mass, to own their the people are who manufacture them. Our Iabor in the past has been, and at present is, better em- ployed than to maputacture them ourselves, We have no Commerce—that is, we are not our Own carriers—but we supply be so largely and well supptied if we wore to turn traders. ‘We are wanting in a of laboring white yeomanry; Dut our operatives are slaves—an inferior raco—who are | tat Diemed by & patriarchal government of benign domestic Tule which supervires every want and provides for it; and his affords a cine of Wration of morals Which har g ren up of $5,495 367 of ox) teapots, per annum. pcpnitets then, she has fone ckwards, nor stood still in the race of ; is proved by the moral force she now wields in gation, with thirteen federal representatives only, as com- with Ohio, Pennsylvania or Now York, cach having nearly double her number in Congress. wield stocks on" first rate State in cabinet of government aad in the con- Life of Washington in Connection with the Narrative Hit- tory of the Powmac Company, by John Pisked,”” pub- lished by D. Aj &Co.,, New York, 1856, you will ‘see that it was the Virginia mind which anticipated every idea of DeWitt Clinton; that it was the forecast of Wash- ington which opened up to view the most extensive con- tinental connections of North America, reaching, indeed, across the continent in space to California, and down the de of time to the very ideas of improvements of this ‘day and hour. And under the intluence of Wash- ington the State and private contributors expended nearly a ition on the Potomac river incommencementof the poticy of that developement of internal trade which is now exciting univerval wonder. Itis a greater wonder still thatany mind should so early have comprehended the ; a and practica- bility of a policy so avtocuding; and thouga the first effort was a failure, for want at the time of trained civil cagi- neers, yet the con manipulation, and the spirit of enterprise and deyelope- ment was sent forth from the Virginia oracle at Mount Vernon. That spirit has not ceased to brood over our ter- ritory and our destiny. After projecting the great Chesa- peake and Ohio canal, resulting from the Potomac Com- pany, Virginia organized and put into progress the great faines River and Kanawha Company, aud has executed 200 miles of its canal, at an expense of nine millions; also the Dismal Swamp canal—twenty-three miles—at a cost of $1,112,000. And her railroads are numerous and exten- sive: Norfolk ete j wel North Carolina by eighty miles, costing $1,500,600, if with North Carohna'a great South- rn route by sixty-three miles, at a cost of $1,000,000; with Richmond by twenty-two miles, at a onat of $1,160,000, and miles, ata with Lynchburg by the South Side road, of 12! cost of $1,976,000. Richmond has penetrated the Roanoke valley to Danville, 143 . miles, at a cost of $4,000,000; has reached the Tennesave lino by the Southwestern road, 204 males, ut a cout of $5,500,000; has touched the Potomac by 000; has nearly ecmpleted her Coutral road by 180 niles, at a cont of $4,250,000; hay her York River roud in progress, thirty-eight miles, at n probable cost of $1,000, 000; and'has thirty-four miles of road ia operation to her coal mines, at a cost of something ese than a million. Alexandria bas her Orange road complete to Gordonsville, eighty eight miles, at a cost of $2,750,000; and crossing the Central, is reaching south to Lyncb. burg, eighty miles, at @ probable cost of $1,200,000; and has her Manassa road penetrating tho valley to Har- risonburg, 139 miles, at @ cost of three and a half millions, Wheeling has her part of the Baltimore and Uhio railroad complete between the Ohio and the Patapseo, 382 miles in all, ata covt of twenty-three millions; and Parkers! bas her branch of the same complete to the forks of the Potomac, 103 miles, at a cost of four and a half millions. These, besides iunumerable smaller railroads and turn- pikes and improvements of navigable streams, costing the State other than individuals, im tho aggregate, about $6,705,000, aro, in addition to the great works no’ pro- gress On Slate account, the Blue Ridge and the Covington nd Ohio roads, 247 miles, at a probable cost of sixteen millions. Thus, you see what a variety and extent of works Vir- ginia has begun and is going on with, and what an amount she has already expended upon enterprises of the greatest Magnitude, notwithstanding that she ts so reproached with being laggard in the exertion to develope her resources, making in the aggrezate 228 miles of canal, and 1,82 miles Of ruilroad, ata graud total expenditure of near seventy millions of dollars The causes of delay in beginning aud completing her works were obstructions of an extraordinary character, not hindering any other State, new or old. Her social and territorial conformation not only segregated her commu nities, but detached her plans of public improvement into separate and independent and competing schemes. They wanted unity, entirety and concentration. Again: Cast your eye upon the map of ber mountain ranges,and you see that from the point where she first touches the steps of the Blue Ridge with her great canal or her roads, to the point trans-Alieghany, where she can con- nect them with the Obio waters. She must pass over or through a backbene of from one to two hundred miles of mountains running in parallel ridges, northeast and south- ‘west acroes her entire hmits. Tonnel after tunnel, at short | intervals, arrests her progress and makea each work one of patient labor and time. She has to overcome @ sommit level of nearly 2,000 feet, for a breadth from east to west whicb po other people on the continent, no more than Vir- finians. have as yet overcome, Another obstruction of improvement bas been a very defective system of laud laws, preventing dense settlement of jm a » by the cont ion of tides which involved the Western in litigation and drove them from our locations to other States settied under the land ordinances of the United States, by regular surveys, entries and registries. We have bad no land system—our warrants of location were left to private selection. The State has iseued petents without proper teats of titles, and thos surveys, cntries and titles have be. come confused and uncertain, and litigation has depopa- lated the very western territory which most neodod ses tlers to devclope , larger and richer regions of the Commonwealth. This cause, | trust, will be removed for the future by our next General aneenniy. ‘Another obstruction in the past up to 1861 was the anomalous condition in whieh our divided territory bad placed our popular representation in the Lagislatare. The mountains divided our people into three sections, with ap- Parent diversity Opposition of interests. The eastern slope, with every facility to market, had the power ‘of representation; the new, rugged Western mountains and valleys, without access to market, except on the hoofs of fat cattle, had the majority of population and feit the necessity of taxation for devolope- ment. Thus the power of tho State was divided against the necessity of the State. The neceswity was on one side of the mountain and the representation on the other. The struggle to equalize the representation eccording to the number of citizens and voters engendered strife and sec- tional antagonism. The east then felt no necessity to be taxed for road» and canals, and had the majority of repre- sentatives to withhold appropriations to public works; the west was obliged to get to market, and demanded repre- ntation acbording to the number of sovereign voters, in order to exert the legislative power of taxation to develope the transmontane section, to connect the east and west, Ww give homogeneity of interest to the State, and to begia the work of improvement and progress. The eas eqnal sagacity and generosity, yielded the contest, and eqnalized representation , seeing that the west was its back country of production, and its only resource of commerce, nd that it (the east) would benofitevon moro in trade than the west in agrieuity wisely consented to the great problem of uniting the power to tbe necessity of the State, and thus gave ® new impetus to internal developement. At first (his impulse was strong and iinpulsive and overacted Appropriations to the amount of some twelve millions in E "SS rained (he amount of public debt rather rapidiy, and there was a reaction om our credit. But the checks aud balaaces were provided im the new constitu. tion of 1851, to restrain tho extrara of appropria fo gnard the sacredness of public credit the 27th section no debt can pe created without a majority of the members of each house of the General Asombiy. By the 28th wection, the General Assombiy cannot pledge the faith of the “tate or bind {t in any form, for the debts or obligalluns of any company er corporation. By the 20th section, a sinking fund is imperatively provid- 1 for the old debt, and no bew debt can in future be in curred without in like manuer providing the means to re Geom it in thirty-four years: and the Genoral Awambty is protibited from appropriating the sinking fund, ex Ume of war, meurrection or invaston. By section provision iv made for sale of State stocks for increase sinking fund, aud by section JTst, Uie General Assembly: is restrained from contracting loans or causing to be issued certificates of debt or bonds of the State, irredeemable for & period greater than thirty four years. ‘Thos you see that municrpal Jegisiation is guarded by the organic law and pubiio credit fortified and guaranteed by the constitution, netead of being left to repealable statutes So jealons hag Virginia been of her honor aa ® debtor, that no Rev, sid ney Smith, of England, could even make ber blush for any tin of repudiation in all ber listory In aid of thie removal of obstructions to progress, and of this Jidation of public credit, other canses of proaperi risen and co-operated. Whilst the State tonnage gn trade has not materially increased, the vessels of ovr const and licensed topnage hare been greatiy macni- fled in capacity and speed and regularity of voyage, The Steamers now plying. between Norfolk and Riebmond, in Virginia, and New York and’ Philadelphia and Balumore, the points of export and import, aré of a clacx quite eqnal w creased license and coast trade have radually demanded these, aud theee in tarn have Sucrea-e4 that trade and en increases of our populativn and of the com- of trate (nm the eastern portion of the into a emailer, horuculwral and arborfcultural farming, and the immense aelde once rcourged by tobacco are made green acnin by manure and grazir And above all the agricultural causes, the concentrated in to fractify ovr fields and make them emile as gardona At least two millions of acros have been thus improved, at ‘Class of steamers a few years ago. An in- righed oop pheern by their drippings of trado in transity. » Again e {the large plantation system of cniture brooght under a rotation of erreal and gnrlen products, or manures, guano and the chemical preparations, have come the very pabulum of commerce, which would not | the rate of $150 per aere, making a grow annual increase of products of at least ten millions of dollars, at a cost of three and a balf millions, leaving a net annual gap to the eof about six and # balf millions of dollars per annum from: thie cause alone. This 4 the she does not She does have the power of a ion was there then, it notthe art of and has another road to Petersburg of eighty miles, at a probable cost of $1,5000v0, Petersburg has connected horse! i Fredericksburg road, seventy-six miles, at a cost of ot sent @ line of railroad some eligible point r the chief of these plished, we will have radiat- confluence of the lines, in the best tem- and @ convergence of trans- 3 climate, and concentration of wealth and population will be found at a point where there ix harbor spacious enough and Geep enough Sean avec aes neva, erie OF ity the world, and affording a site for course of time, New York or plishment of this confluence vergence and concen- tration will dnd Virginia an empire in herself, in the snomalous condition of an old State with all tho undeve- loped resources of a new State, and of a new State with all the of an old State. Her old eastern fields, derided tor exhaustion, will not be counted avy longer a curse, for Uiey are cleared of tho Virginia forest which salt, which bubble and Secftees slits oe of ight and’ uch paptha gas to uses ight and fuel, without wood or ¢oal—to the luxuriant pastures of more than ten thousand hills and vallies, now uncropped, by horses, cattle, mules or swine, and to a sheep walk’ for wool wealth unequalled tu Saxony or England—to a great- er extent of water power for manufacturing than is known: in apy other territory of the same dimensi moun- tain forests of timber without stint, and to the lumber of the growth i salt sea alr, the fit- —to ries of shad every river of the eastern slope— to & jus publicum of more than 2,000 square miles of oys- ters and other shell fish, yielding now more than thirty millions of bushels, and’ employing nearly 160,000 tens of cousting vessels: to every variety of soil for agri- culture, horticulture and arboriculture, in every variety of climate, from sites for the turnip to’ the garden for the strawberry, the peach the anive and the fig as sweet as those of Sioyrna : To » all those, aad more ro sources LaMar ne own limits, and pow undevelope t and almost ont ! this will sliow you that Virginia's counted and uncounted wealth alone is enough to justify all ber ex re and taxation, past and prospective. But if Virginia were a waste from the seaboard to the Ohio, ‘without a tithe of this perpetual resource, still the back country beyond her is interminable and exhaustiess, and her oligibility of track for ite produce is worth ten-fold more millions than she can ever be called on to expend. A track simply Mediterrancan on her temperate lino of Jauitude of legrees due west from the Chesapeake to the Ohio and from the Ohio to the Mississippi, would, to enumerate nothing else, add two moutha of labor’ to Ohio, Indiana, Miinois, Michigan, Towa, Wisconsin, Mis- souri, and the whole northwest #4 the obstruction of frost in winter on the northern lines to the AUantic, and } against the low stages of water in the western rivers in | summer, and would save millions’ worth per annum of western dour from souring, and of western pork from spoiling by being through our lines instead of south, down the river by New Orleans and through ihe Gulf of Mexico. 6 Ane that track don't stop at the Misstestpp!, but goe: on to the mines of California, aud takes tho China trade and brings sloug with it back the conti- North America, in a belt expanding from Mesilla Valley in the southwest, t Minnesota Northwest, and converging through Texas, and Tennessee on the southern, and tirongh Iowa, Wisconsin, Dlinois, Indiana and Ohio on the northern limb, to the focus of the trade with Kurope at te mouth of the Chesapeake, We last aud only pout Ot for jarge shipping between Philade|phia and New Orleans, ali the reet of the coast being Hatteras bound. The race track of lightning after light around the globe, is directly over and acroes North America from the Chesapeake to San Frapeisco; and when it reaches there is will telegraph one ocean as it haa tho other—America China, as Fhgland America! With our own connections and a l’acitic road on this track, we will heap ap pabulum enongh os the quays of commerce at Hampton is for the trade of all Europe, Asia, Africa aud South America, without touching the transit of the Lsthmus of Central America. A transit across the continent in the temperate zone will prove beter for the population of the globe. To complete some of the principal works and put in pro- grees other works in the next ten years, Virginia will re- quire— For Covington and Obio road .. James River and Ka. canal Ovber works ......... seve at San | nental trade of the iu A TOMA «6 esses Seserenscessserseveceoceres $25,000,000 This expenditure can be economically applied in appro- Priations of $2,500,000 per annum, and at 7 per cent the average additional annnal revenue required ta the tea years would be about $800,000 per annum on this new debt ‘The old debt of the State is now ... $26,000,000 | Deduct the State's assets, in the agi 0. 600,000, but availabl 6,000,000 | Leaving to provide revenue for 820,000,000 | Interest on old debt then at seven per cent ....$1,400,000 * for ten yeurs..... 890,000 | Civil expenses per anoum...........c.ee0e. 600,00 | | Total. Sesoatuns sibduoh cakisadeene $2,800,000 Coutingencies .. ‘ . 200,000, | Average expensed for uext teu yoars..........68,000,000 | ‘The menns of the State are-— | From taxation, under prosent rates $2,818,000 From increased assessment of lands on 100,000, | Total means now applicable............ - » $3,218,000 Thos, if the Legislature will uot disturb the existing laws, and not lower the present rates of taxation for a few years only, we may, with present and certain means, abundant a, for all the expenses of governmnt, for the * nhing fund of the old debt an! for appropriations of at Jeast $2,500,000 per annuin for public works. And our people are able and willing to bear this burden for a de- cade or two rather than sacrifice the expenditures already mare, rather than disbonor the State oredit, and rather than forego any longer than ig absolutely necessary the greatends proposed to be accomplished by some few of the main works of improvement to he finished to make any of them profitable. But if party selfish ness and blindeess, the fears and arte of dema goqnes, want of patrioti«m or want of wisdom and virtue, shall raiee ® clamor against taxa tion, though it be only three millions upon ight hun dred milliona or three-eigliths of one per onnt only upon the value of our property, aud shall lower the stan of Sate enterprise, honor and progress, as well as the yet, sir, we have other sources of reve be resorted to, which will certainly guar ab expenditure of twenty-tive mullions in rs " federal constitution, no State shall, without the consent of Congres any imposts or duties on im. cp or exports, excett what may be absolutely aecessary or executing it in-pection laws, and no State shail lay any duty of tonnage. Under a restriction of the confederacy Which thus ceprives the States of indirect revenne and throws them upon direct taxes for eapport, it is Lenportant to ook out for voluntary sourrea of rowenie to ease the involuntary burdens of their people. It ia strange, indeed, that inquiry in State polily bas berewwfore tended so litte towards that end, expecially when there haa been so mach ground in time past to apprehend the dapger and disgrace of repudiation of public debt. Fortanalely for Virgivia, she has two great sources of revenue independent of in- voluntary taxation. Firat, by the laws of the State, from 1780 down to this date, all upappropriated lands ov the Bay of Chesapeake, on the sea #hore, or on the shores of rivers and oreeke, and all the beds of rivers and crocks, continue to be cominon to the people of the State, And the limits or nue which may hounds of the several tracts of laud lying on the sea shore, the Chesapeake bay and the fivers crecks thereof, and the rights and privileges of the owners of such lands, shall extend to ordinauy low some part thereof, is comprised within the limita of a law- ful survey. Thus, from low wi mark outward into water mark, but no further, unless: ere a creek or river, or the waters of the State, their beds have been reser ved as publ peor | the oF domain, ond been made continnally common te the of the Ft by the onvaryting ons of emit and Sopren ges of the federal co ase of 'Sunith, owner of th An ‘And this right is a jus pudlionm to the citizens of the State to which the soll bel and that State may regulate the enjoyment of the right or the fxheries. ‘The right to pase laws regulating and ita inel- dents belongs to ; but the of fish, floating or shell, in their waters, belongs to each State respectively, Virginia may not prohibit the citizens of other from ber fish in their vessels; but sho may reserve the monopoly of taking her fish in her own waters to her own citizens, ‘And to guard the enjoyment of that exclusive right, and to preserve the fish and their spawn from destruction, she may pass regulauons and levy a tax from which’she may derive a revenue. Tho smalicst tax upon the 0; fisheries in hor limits would yield a very considerable annual revenue. Tho soil upon which the oys.4rs grow extouds over @ space of more than 4,000 rquare miles. About, tons of li- censed vessels, belonging to our citizens, and at least dve tumes that number of tona belonging to clizens of other States, making in all 95,000 tons ger are engaged in the oysier trade of Virginia. ‘amount uf tounage accounts for more than twenty-five to thirty millions of bushels of oysters taken and carried away from the public oil of Virginia every year. The oysters are worth from twenty centa r bushel, at the places where taken, to fifty cents per bushel, in the market, at wholesale. A tax of two centa per bushel on twenty-five millions of bushels would yield a gross revenue of $500,000 per annum, to be collected under inspection laws by nos more thin four small steam cut at am annual cost of not more than $20,000 per annum for them, and & Coat of fees fer licenses hut exceediag $50,000 per asnum, leaving a bet revenue from this jug, im of $450,006 annum. ‘The secend involuntary gource of revenue is, the policy of insurance of all lives and pro erty of her own citirens the State, It is Lag ope bsnking and lotte- fea and like subjects have placed by legisiation within the category of , the subject of in- surance has been by the States in a Con. cutting them off from revenue by duties, customs, aad » Why not allow our citziens to replenish their own treasury, by becoming mutual in- surers to each other? Why not resort to a source of reve- nue where the very tax protects and insures the very property which it burthens? Why not allow the contri- tions which are now voluntarily poured in large sums into the coffers of private companies chieily out of the State, to be vohintarily poured into the Stato Treasury, to lessen involuntary taxation? Why not let the public ex- penditures be borne by tho wealth of the State, willing to pay them, rather than let the poor, who are unable and unwilling’ to bear them, clamoring against taxes which must now alone uphold public credit and construct our public works? There can be no more fraud and favoritism against a policy by the State than against a policy by pri- vate companies; and allowing the largest per centage for losses by both, still a large revenue would be yielded. There need be no cost for aasesement of value insured, for the rule need be to pay only for actual loss within the amount insured. The cost of inquiry as to actual loss may bo as simple and as cheap as a writ of ad dam- num to ascertain by the verdictof a jury, is there fraud? Is thero gross neglect? What is the amount of loss? Subjects not known to Awd insurance may be embraced in a State’s policy. ‘¢ live in an age of the lucifer match, and arson is too easily ated not to be a crime remarkably rife in this day and night. Whoat in tho garner, crops in the fleld, as well as 8, might be in- sured. Policies E ‘wauld be multiplied in proportion to the greater guarantee by State rather than by private security. No compulsion would be necessary or ‘allowed. By soe rears eons or Keath: if they insure, pro- bibit them Ft 1g & policy On any property or life in the State, except at the offices of the State Treeaury, at every County court Besides life insurance of whites, Virginia has of insu- rable property not lees than five hundred millions, in- cluding houses and slaves and annual crops. If one-tenth of that be insured at threo fourths of one ent, the re- ‘venue would on property be $375,000 per anpum, and life estimated at baif as’ much more, the wholo might saiely be estimated to yield a net revenue of 9500,000 per annum. And this t no mere speculation. ‘The Swiss Cantons have proved the virtue of this mode of Taising revenue; and it is no experiment to be tried in Virginia herself, a8 the insurance of tobacco warehouses OWS. And besides these two sources of voluntary revenue, that from tho involuntary tax bill may be largely in- ereased by amendments of the law securing the better and more certain valuation of property. Horses, for exams lo, cannot now be bought for the plough at lese than an aye- rage of $100 each, and they are returned, I am told, at an average, each not exceeding $30. By proper ameudinents, the tax bill, without increasing the rates of taxes, may be made to yield at least $200,000 more revenue than is does now, per annum, under the imperfect execution of the ad valorem principle. The case restated, then, would be-—~ ‘Total means, Annual expense | Surplus revenue..... Leaving for appropriation to pub’ m loans on Fro From surplus . . Total to improvements annually .. —Making o sum total for ten years 01 | $38,680) —enough,to accomplish every end of State policy, and the highest destiny we can aim t achieve. At the eud of the ten years we will have incurred a debt, new and old, of Bfty nullions ouly, at most, aud we will bave works, com- pleted and profitable, to pay it off in less than half the me of the sin! fund, with the aid of that fund. The Slate would then be more able 'o py, fifty millions than it is now to pay ten millions. And let it be remembered that after an expenditure of 70 millions for public works, besides her civil expenses in the er present debt is only about 26 millions, with any income from the works themselves, owing to their incompletion during all the time, whilst the finished works in the next ten years would be yielding an immease income, and the sinking fund would be allthe ume. The debt, then, more probably at the end of the ten years would not be greater than itis now. Then we could reduce taxation to & queen. ond ouly ten yoars of patient eudurance of » moderate burtben will be compensated by full indemnity for ail past sacrifices, by perpetual and permanent security against all future taxation, and by an impulse of progress aud prosperity unparalleled. Virginia will have grown and developed in a natural way, slowly and self dependent, Without adventitious aid, without cnorvating assistance, without forcing, and like everything matured, will be the firmer and stronger, Her dony ever surely lasting, aud cangot | all this her people are awah ous. nows ot what is required of them to be done, of the magal- tude of the task, of the difficulties to be overcome, and of the proportiouate value of the end to be accomplished —of ber eflect upon this nation, and this nation’s effect upon the world To come to come practical proposition for the present, I propose: — First—) ou say your company has steamers ready to put ihe Chesapeake lire at once. Now, if they will make cargo of French goods for one ‘steamer, and give thirty days’ notice of the day of her arrival at Norfolk, there is no doubt that Virginia and North Carolina mer” chants will meot her there, apd purchase hor goods, and have there for heraretarn cargo of our produce, Our merchants need no appeal; they will only need timely notice to meet cargo with cargo, with fair import and ex- ort prices. If this one succeeds, the French line to and rom Norioik and Havre will be established. Second—if it must have aid by cuutribution, it will almost be sure to have a mail contract under appropriation by Congress; for the Southern States will no longer vote for appropriations to any Northern line to carry Ruropean tnailx, unless equal amounts are voted to one or moro Southern lines. Butif all this faile— Third—If Kuropean capitalists will bring their funds to complete our Kanawaba canal and Covington and (io rai 1 w the Goneral assombly of Vir- ginia to guarantee a stipulated interest of at least six per cent, and the entire recemption of the debt in 34 years, and an appropriation from the State Treasury of $200,000 per annum to ald in sustaining a line of steamers of suill. cient clase. Or, Fourth—Construct the works with your capital and take thom for a stipulated period of time. Do this, sir, and our public works will roon accumulate ‘a surplus produce on the Chesapeake quays of commerce, sufficient to sustain apy class of steamers, without other aid; amounts will be so great that the be not whether @ load of produce caa sbip, but whether ships enough can he got for the tonnage of produce And long before a transverce line of east and weet improvement through the centre of the temperate yvone of our part of the north ern hermlephere shall have reached the Puctfc, it will be seen tha: Virginia's 70,000,000 of past, and pees oF 40,000,000 of future expenditare will have been but hor mite in the amelioration of the world, and that it will not bave been spent in vain. Share with us, then, this glory. + We invite you to come with your capital; and to com vines you that you will have a profit a woll as we a de- velopemnent, is my oniy excuse for this extended memoir, whieh «hall ‘be communicated to the General Assombly of Virginia at ite next sexsion. Thave the honor to be, sir, with the deepest intorest in the ubject, and the highoat reapect for you and your glo- riows country, your humble yervant, FIRNRY A. WISE. ADVERTISEMENTS RENEWED EVERY $ clothing wanted for chy and western erase eons by calling of the store, oF addressing J... Murray, < sera VOTHING AND FURNITURR—LADIRG AN! price by near re. On OFF CLOTHING AND FURNITURE WANTED.— J Ladies or gentiemen baring any of the name to dispose of enn obtain & cash price by sending for the subscriber or through the post. Ladies attended to by Mra. 1. 1. M. DUSSELDORF, No, 13 Bim strook O-atire Eats. —t “ot AND GENTLEMEN'S ‘off wearing appare! 1 by ol Obatham wirert. Ladien attended by AS heb eisaplas (PO TAILORS, CLOTHIERS AND COUNTRY - chan’ ew cloth house bas been opened at 10) Wes at the Io ene by the pies Mabor rl oF eu atten 10) Nassaa street, roe Ot oN aanennnnnnnnnn GROCERY CENTRALLY LOOATED- S1.O00 Toe ASh crios Cspesis of doing’ arus prodiaaio business, aad every favorabie lense; or » clerk ss Siege e BOOTAWIOK, & Nassau street. 000, ~ OF © AORKES, WITH A GOOD ye '° dou pen or biackamith and carpeater BiOde e BOUTAWIOK, 64 Nassau street $6 500,-foR SALE ax ELEGANT COUNTRY x ). went at North wr, 40 miles from New fork; house 45 uare, 18 acres fine land, bounded by four roads, fine ‘peap the door, handy to New EGR siaa ovaries soot A ora RD aRDR AND FARM YOR SALH OR or tert ror nts meat ats ara wag Dullt last year ht @ dotiars. in lind tains ‘(we et nce} over ‘f uudred acres, oF if desired four hundred aores oan he lind: i ia situated in TY , MOD. el les fi ir de tore foes eat ee ee Ly eee wn. ince is admirably calculated f rom the cares of business. Fes terkeny fo heey dress box 629 Pest oflice, Washington City, D. 0. say. WHER ECS adieu eeis ARM FOR BALE 0) —j FYAles Fork bp he Storels and Roe Wanrsed ons tale from the depot, near the village of Madison, in Morris county, few sarees, cenaietng of Sze, together with stock, farm- ‘utenaila and crops; there is 40 aores.in and peanh or ohards, all other kind ined: i house ia beau- iy shaded and outhi ond are la also & farm Acase: springh sonreped to leo bysenand bare ents eto pee de beliaing sos on the pines: 8 hag aieae bees gupled by the owner and iin A ing wood Kocation fa New ork of taken. in past pay ment balance Rares A. Gr bow {00 Herald OR SALE—TWO FIRST BROWN STONE Pie wn % and Fifth avenues Nos. and i pula Wo ry particulars, Wantaee. nits " basement and . with ail mo- improvements, north wide of Fifty-thi between Broadway and Righth avenue; house % by 50 f 100 feet ire at 245 Water street, of VANDERVOORT, OR SALE—FOUR YEARS LEASEK OF A HOUSE SITU- ther with the furniture. or for oy ene wishing ddress Walter, Herald office. s> commence houtekeeping. A R SALE—A FIRST CLASS BASEMENT AND FOUR story brown stone house {n Lexington avenue, near Thir- ty-fourth street; finished complete with all the modern improve- For terms inquire on the Jon at any ree, alstesn hands bighs weight kot Stat tre at eenat ci geste kind ‘one white Ann gy keulle very geni ‘Wwolght’ about 1 MAXWhIL bor had Canandaigua ea LARGE LOT OF NRW Awa eee New Haven depot, 1 wireet. BLACK HAWK HORSE FOR SALE—B. tall; can trot a milo in three minutes to Kind iy all 48; anperior seen for one day at Wood Eighth and Ninth avenues, Twenty-seventh street, upul 2 P. JARRIAGE FOR —& VERY Nog Re RA OB SALE—A LARGE STYLISH HORSE, SUIT. Feber ir a en PRESS WAGO! Apply a STUDLEY 3 aoe, R SALE—A NEAT AND LIGHT SROOND carr pannelled side rockat for one or two ‘in good order. Apply at ars , Bergen street, Court Brookiya. >” R SALE—TWO FINE YOUNG HO! SIX ¥ Reet eel Wea rey ana ae Gan be seen at 248 Houston street. "7" ] YOR SALE—A BAY lORSE. 15); HANDS HIGH, z Wren cab Pt Rone Pane ge Pee wi head opti to Togeiner Ioan Brians bles, 18 West eon Fifth and ares Free sti SSRs, BANDON SON ae by tad Apply at 120 Kast OR SALE—A VERMONT HORSK, SOUND AND KO very haudsoine, of geeat endurance and can tots than three minutes. Apply at 462 Pear! streot, tham. WE SALE—FIVE TROTTING TORS®S, FOUR them can trot in minutes, and ons ia $249, of rior style and action, and excellent under the saddie. At six horses suitable for butchers, bikers, 1 carmen, truckmen, stone ‘ae. Th fruckmnen, sioee caren Bn, Se. je owner, fs wilt are them tesied in every respect. at jeu teeuth street, in the feed sore.” bid (OR SALE—A VERY HANDSOME SIX made by John R. Lawrence, nearly n close coach, been used tn private! a four seat top, and several buggies, with and without tons. the'livery stable, Go Went Twenty-third street. X Waron, Apply i FP SALE CHEAP—A GOOD bite ee ROOK ower, with pole and shafts, Inquire of G! MOLI NEUX, 159 Mercer street, between Grove and Barrow, ; Jersey’ Cuy. ‘ORSES AND WAGONR.—ONE GRAY ENG! horse, 7 years ol of, great endurance, eqn el to ue bay. colt, 6 years old, can we 3:20 Das ho practice, and will be fast; one chestnut sorr! horse, § years can trot in 2:80. ‘All warranted and kind in all harness, are used to the cliy and very ble horses, the property of a gentleman who has no use Also, two with shifting . tops; ona nearly net Apply at 414 Water street. R SALE—A HANDSOME COTTAGE AND TWO lois of ground, beautifully situated on Kighty-third street, easy, apply on the premises, or Wo Au KENNEDY, 19) Hast le on or . Thinty.dtth street. . (OR SALE—A SPLENDID GROCERY STORE, IN Greenwich avenue, @ large, elegant establishment, doing Tushing cash business. Rare chance to purchase.” Price San. Iso, 90, clomaatly Jocated coffee and spice store, in Hudson street. $1,500. Apply at 239 Broadway, room 46. tore is new and fully Gitted to $1,100 will be sequired. This is in rare chabee: it ts worth double the amount, For Tpoaton tnguire of Mr THOS STARR, satisfactorily emplatned. A . SITUATE 1'¢ MILES FROM th a fine house, $6 0: Aled maniel plecra, elable aud out rounding ‘the one au house, of w' fine unrdem, panied with 150 fruit trees contains @ thicket cov-ring four lote northerly of uliding, A small fish pord, two wells, one tern anda in Ue kitehen of the main building. "The soil is very dry roductive, free of stones and roeks, and is therefore very suitable for gardening purpores or tor ihe quilding of cellars, A line of singes leaves the premises every half hour, Avp'y 1M: ©. GATLLARD. 443 Woadwas between I and 3 o'clock 2 F > E 4 ¥. Mi atany ober time ut 81 sweet, Hoboken, New Jersey. OR SALE—8600.—A VERY NEAT GROCERY STORE, | with entire new stock and fixcures; geod sland and has firstciass customers, doing good business and no competition, Will bo sold for cash only. Good chance for one who under: stands the business. Tho reason for selling, present owns ging inte, another business, Kent only $275. Address B. C., jereld office. , three miles from Vanderbilt's ianding, with » full w of the harbor and ocean, being one of the moat beau'iful building sites of the island.” Terms easy. State Island, Herald offi R SALE—A BREAD AND CAKE RA of the most ineaa avenues in the IRELER & CO., 4 Broad: 4 VOR SALE—THE OCLUMBIAN PLANING AND ROX making mill, situated on Columbia street, near Hamilion avenue ferry, gronrd, Routh Hreokiyn, cmaisune of four lowe of Wx feet. with the brick buildings, sheds. Steam ‘engine, boilers, machinery, horses, wagons, dc. ‘The above establishment is now doing’s Very pro tabia Foe SALE—TWENTY ACRES OF LAND ON STATEN A fe ay. ' Apply to business, and ean be donbisd by an enterprising business man. “Apply to the subscriber, at Tammany Hall AS. BROWN. FOR, SALESEVEN VERY DESIRABLE LOTS OF land on Kighteeath sireet, beiween Siath and Seventh avenues, Sonth lyn. The above low are eligibly sin: on high ‘ground; the street in front is curbed, putiored pore reasonable. Apply te OHARL) many Tall, N. ¥. RK BALE CHRAP FOR CASTI—ONE HALF ACRE COR- xi only ove blosk frown ine talirond” Tnneire of Wil |All HOPPMAN, 98 Elizabeth street, two doote from @ nd BROWN, POR, SALE AT A BARGAIN—THAT DELIONTU situated and substantially bull’ house No. 15 Kast Four- teenth street, the centre of the block, north side, between Fifth avenne and Broadway. The honse contains fieen roona, with all the modern im; and he e fo. tan Pine street, or to WM BURGOYNE. Nod Calon R BALK, VERY LOW, AT BARQAL a APPLIED Eee tmmediatny two Cott and tata ot ant jest Thirty Afth street ; also the house and lot No, 41 Nini Avenue, and the 4 story ‘and lot No, 286 Ninth avenne, Apply to the owner, No. 285 Ninth avenue. FR SALE OR FXOHANGR FOR COUNTRY PROPER. ty—A good corner y in (he etty of Williamsburg, Apply to B. SHACK ELTON, No. 7 Berkman sireet, basement, POR SALE OR RXCNANGE FOR CITY PROPERTY—A country seat in New Jersey, disiant from New York abont iJ, hours, contairing ,about 66 ascrea of jand, with & good. substantial honse and ontbuildings, good garden. plenty of tral and in a desirable neishberhood. The location ver . jon immedistely. Apply to STACK ELTON, No.7 Mh “i 7 POR SALE OR To LET—A NEW HOURE, STABLES AND in Seventy fire street, belween Third and FentieR: Also a new honae In Seveniieth al, between nes. Inquireot DOYLE, 18 Canal street, For aren LLAHAN, Third avenue and Reventy-third street, 1B OR TO LET—AT FLUSHING, LL, A NEW mory gothi ith nearly an acer pe nitrated within a fow minntes walk of the Srirond Sopot, or particulars eppiy to JENKINS & PORTER, 173 oR BALE OR TO LET—THS FIVE rina CLARE four story brown s'one front 1 ane and 188 Fourteenth street, voona, wit ‘modern improvementa. “Apply 0 KLINILA i510} nd Bi Broadway. a LRASR—THE PROPERTY ON THR F° BALE OR Tr god known aa ‘a Hoek, "Apply Wk. FRAN BW ERO oad ere, R SALR OR TO LET, POSSESS"ON AT ONCR—AN slegeat three SCTE Rie, moog house, In, Fourth piace, i rant to Int of May, 3 oo, Al ale farm of seven acres, near Rorklned lake = AU i at _A. DAVIR, 286 Ninth avenne. OR SALE OR TO LET—AT STAMFORD, 1 MILE from the —_ ohtic honae, containing Wi rooms, with 2) ecres first quailiy land; also to let at Rye, a furnished bouve, jeasantly sitmated on the of the Sound, with or without i acres of land, plenty of fruit. Inquire of Mt. W.H. WEED, Ko.7 Gold sireet N. ¥., of JAS. DIXON, Rye, Westchostor y. ARE CHANCE.~$1,000 POR $000.—FOR SALR, A dona im tm Brooklyn. Wanung money bow will sll as ne n, Waning money now will sell me above. Address box 4017 Post ofee. D PAINTERS. more tons of white lend, the undermentiofied firm are sell sequence of change of firm. McCAPEWAY © WALTERS, 95 Catherine street ARATUS copper. in perfect orter. Will fold at a great bargain by applying mmediately to CHAS, BUMDPAE, bs Water mrdet Woke Warne © T° JEWELLERS —FOR SADR, THE TOOLA AND FIX tures of ficient for the nee of from TT. SODA WATER OR CHAMPAGNE At for sale, made by Gee, of - . The mane 168 Verder street, from KRY, ON ONE | NA STABLES, 65 AND 67 WATTS SIREET.| H ‘The sudscriber respectfully informa the public (hat ‘wit commence his reguiar weexty sale of horses, and harness, on Wi 1, May 13, at 12 o'clock. having horses to register for the aale muat do so by Tu ANSON WEST, Matagor: afternoon, at 40" ORSES FOR SALE—A SUPRRIOR PAIR BLAC! carriage horses, flag iails, woven years old, ver: atylisa, but kind and gentle, perfectly ‘sound, without or vice, and fast travellers.” Can be seen on Wednesday 910 2 oft Price an¢ particulars, at the stable rear « No. 25 Went Twenty-necond atreet. ORGAN HORSES.—A FINE LOT OF RIGHT. one bay horse, five years old; 10% hands, horwe; one fine sorrel mare, 0.” “4 gy, city made, one open do. for sale seen at 25 Union sirret, ‘ORGAN AND HAMIUTONI ry muperion bay ho se tie & very au S And roadster; cannot be. excolleds horses of excellent breeding. all Ree meches Ses aneeen, ‘Apply ft Oakley's sable, ‘of Oy Hall, s i street, Brooklyn, rear owner has no use for them. Apply at $8 Ninth sreaue, fween Thirteenth and Pourtesash streets. $04 NX. YORK MORSE BAZAAR, 96 CROSBY STR’ ‘Tho above well known establishment for sale, we owe! to retire from the business. JOHN H. GATFIRLD, Propri NIES.—SHETLAND AND SCOTCH PONTES, PC children to ride or drive, in harness, just arrived rope, ® beanutful pair, warranted sownd and ki harness and wagon to match, that @ child a: 78 Hester street, GEO! OCKAWAY FOR SALE.—A TMANDSOMR FAMT rockaway, with two pentennd driver'a went, in good ord for saie for want of use. Apply at the stable No. 73 Unirere. Place, corner Thirteenth sireet. JANTED—TO PURCHASE, A PAIR OF FI) matched horses, Gret class carriage and harness, in change for desirable real esiaie in Brooklyn. Address 2,190 Post o: VERMONT, HORSES FOR SALK—ONE PAIR FI oung Blach Hawk horses, stylish, and promise to very fast; are now voting inaide of 3% minutes; porfeat size, shape and action. Apply at Oukley’s stable, rear of C Hall, Brooklyn. VRRMNONT HORSES—A PATR OF Wilt MAT. bay Morgan horses, 15%; hands high, stylish. aud pec sounds six yeare old; are ‘iu. having di Prise $500; worth in condition, $700. Also, single horses, very Jo at 6 Boerum street, Brooklyn. MAGNIFICENT AND RICH DOUBLE ROUND Cv per, seven octare rosew: pianoforte for sale, w heavy monidings all round, with massive carved legs, back the same as front, with scolloped keys, &c., and made Order, Sy one of the beat city makers, of splendid tone, + without a frult, 4 fully tested. Price $300 wuh sw A seven cotave, made by Matus Bros, for sale.— fully ornamented and fitted with rich poarl Work, serp: and sloped wil round; don! ved muviidings fall irom ply in 4 brony ferand over strung basa, wilh richly car Jege—rones and frult, in relief; is without spot or in tone fs rich, riliiant and powerful made to urder for he present owner, ginly warranted by the makers; ‘ouly two months old; ¢ $600, price $275; piano stool and case to,pack it, for shippi {f desired, will be given. Apply a! Sixth ‘avrane, 2 Thirty ninth street, from 7A. Mt tll . for three da Will be madenn object by the owner to a cash buyer. mish, nd can be fully teow and Is fully ana reap VERT TONED SIX OCTAVE PIANOFOR ase and in perfect order; has been in uve in nome the worse for wear, Price $126 & fow yours, ranted one year. Can be seed at S Twenty third strect. Pianas tuned A YOUNG LADY, PUPIL OF MRS. SEQUIN, POSSH ing a powerful veice apd able to read music at at Pier 8p cueagement aa first soprano singer in a cburh ls foumiliar with eburch music. Applicadions may be um. tin, No. 9 St. Clement's place. MAGNIFICANT $18) PTAN: lave. righ mame woud serpen' it Also, sever cheap | Pis rms by A. BRAUBIGAN, 19 TI avenue, between Righteenth and Nineteenth steers Me GIT AULLER, TRACHER OF PIANO A fining, 825 Broadway, continuca to give lessons at At bin rooms or at the residence of hie pupila. For further Hictlars please apply at his residence: usc NOS AND MELODRONS,—4. B. DEM (Ri £00. have just opened their new more at 409 Brow bear Lispenard st, whore weal in most respectfully » >: heir former ‘patrons and ibe public, 0 eran’: » stoet of splendid piarofortes from the manu! of Wity Miller. and their mealodeons, which will compete with an the og. To their own they have sided the large and p20 ia mnee ook & Brother. lusie eet free cl peonee - Ww y 7 ley; make Sehottiach, fe Polka Masourka,” ty Troi ile Kine 7, WS conte nek. five went b: free of postage, for 1 “ed a, ie to purchasers. Pianos from £9) i New and popular masie from in the United Stasa, ewe wu be happy to ee all hie euatomers avain. NO FOR SALE—A SPLBRDID. NEW SEVEN 730. & TH. RARMORWS al, Grenier snd over strnag ‘base pianoe, ef great bargain a factory and warerqomns, M48 *cecker siret. Ais: Fal uperioe seed han plats cheap, 0° S'S rex D PIANOFORTR, SUPERIOR Sire crea trol ven cota ee ons few mouths, Yeaying theckty. Apply at Is Ninth pire, corner of Oroaby atraet. Cha YBURGH HAS RB: KE. street (o 147 Duane treet (near ‘ent ier in store and bonded warehonse.'a very I weit ary ftock of brandiea, wines, gins, Racin claret Renebon and Monongahela a4 segare consiste of all of ‘be moe Tuo Perea CER jhe Pana