The New York Herald Newspaper, January 22, 1857, Page 2

» 3 NEW EXPLORING EXPEDITIONS. Fmpostant Expedition to Discover the Source ef the White Nile—Phe Inteslor of Seuth Amores to be still ferther Developed— Awtian Expedition to the North Pactfic, de., Bee RAPEDITION POR THE DISCOVERY OF THE SOURCES ©@F THe WHITE NILF, UNDER THE COMMAND for M. L'ESCAYRAG DE LAULURE—PREPABATIONS FOR yue VOYAGE—SKPTCH OF TE VARIOUS AT vFMPTS HITHERTO MADE TO DISCOVER TRE SOURCES OF THAT RIVER. ‘The ecientitic world has heard of the great expedi- tien now preporing in Southern Egypt—in other weds, he voyage w ich M. l’Escayrac de Lauture is about attempting towards the sources of the White Nile—fur the purpose of solving the great geograph al problem which past ages have handed @own tous. In one of the late sittings of the Paris Académie des Sciences, a number of questions and imstructious were read in relation to the important voyage. The aged aod iearned M. Jomard added a sbort bistory of the atcempts made up to the prese 8 day to discover the rise of the White Nile; at the same time he farnisbed full particulars of this expe- dition of M. )'Escayrac de Lantare, and the various resources at his disposal. We are thus enaoled to ive our readers positive information with regard to is EX dition. We commence with the names of the intrepid ex- ers, who. in the interest of science, are prepar- yng to meet the many dangers of such a voyage ~ dangers which are easily appreciable when we re- fleet that pearly all t who have hitherto attem) ed, bave wet their deaths in it. The following are the names of the genUiomen who accompaay the Count !'Escayrac de Lanture, and com the sci- entific commission which will second him in making such observations as may be possible in the midst of those unexplored regions: — FROM FRANCE. jewtenavt in the Navy. ‘chard doctor of medicine and surge- , liventiate of aughisiaa of Eiboal. M. Bonuefoy. FROM AUSTRIA. Merr Boleslaw of Mitrovits, first lieutenant of engineers, new the Imperial and Royal Insti- inte of Military Geography. flerr Geng, tieutenant of engineers, alsomem- ber of the whos ritaie. Signor Delia Dalla, heutenant of infaatry —topo ib Cost Kinski, of Milan, member of the C. R. I. of Military Gwograpiy. FROM PRUSSIA. Herr Mayer, of Bravdobourg, mining engineer. FROM GREAT BRITAIN. Mr. Twiforg, of une royal navy. FROM €HE UNITED STATES. Mr. Clagne, New Orleans, photographic draught-man. Ie will be seen that the expedition are we ¥ Escayrac de 1 ious members of the r The commander, M. bas, for some time past, quatnted with a portion of the country he is ersivg. He is babitaated to the climate manners and customs of the natives, and the banks of the White Nile, Kordofan, and tb \jacent country bordering on the Red Sea, under the same parallel. He is the author of several works on 2} rn Africa, and one in particular, on Soudan, which contains the results of bis personal obrervation The inanguration of this expedition is due to the present Viccroy of Egypt, Mohammed Said. This enightened prince, who pu 8 with such determi- nation the work of piercing the | is i also giving ins attention to the problem of the Nile’s hanks to his efforts, it is highly pro be inwrior of A‘rica will be anveiled to e, at tbe sam it Ube Red Sea is opened by the Suez Canal t couumerce of Western na- On the 20th of las} July the Viceroy gave his approbation to the plan submitted to him by M. Vélscayrac de Lauture. Having thus obtained the assent of the Viceroy, M. de Lauture returned to Burope in order to coliect those persons together who will as+i-t Lim in the execution of his coura- pig entertyr a? VEscayrac ce Lar the beginning of the mor after, the major part of m that city, whence the From the moment of his arrival at Catro, M. I'Leu- tue was actively » by the Egyptian authori- ties. The principal fonetionaries of Cairo showed hin much consi leration and kindness, more partiralarly Zonitaaer- Pacha, Minister of Fina Edhem-} Gover@er of Cairo, ani Arakel Bey. The liver orders of the Viceroy were punctually executed, and the government tia all in its power to render the preparatious as satisfactory and speedy as pos sible. Ax early as the 10th of Cetober, M. l’Bscay- vac de Lauture was enabled to send forward two mmall steamboats and four da/«/ichs, with orders to advance os tar as the first cataract of the Nile. This flotilla w ed under the orders of tac Eng- lish officer attached to the expedition. About that time tbe Nile comicneed falling, and promised easy sailing for this fir-t convoy. The costs cf the exped Viceroy, who has provide Bure succe An escort of soldiers will and tot has already vis! is companions joined hin edition was to set out. » defrayed by the we that may “o dred Egyptian se missionaries of civili- gation. M. de Lautuze had Ub: ix carts buils for him at Tricete, which can be € taken to piecos 1 from place to place, and other vebi- js) prepared for the pontooners, pioneers, pers, carpenters and workmen attached to the The two steamers which sailed as the mp expedition. a first instalment were provided by the Viceroy, and M. de Lantwe carries with him many presents for the Meck«,or pctty chiefs of the country, With suou means ut his dirposal, ieted by the expel of what has been done formeriy in the same direction, mple means for obtaining ll keep daplicates of age, which will be writ nal o' astronomical obaervations. 3. The journal of the movements of the expedi- Provisions of all kinds will be ample, and the sur eon in chief of the expe litéon wil! take care ¢ aith traveile well as of the ¢ The mealabrity of tue u sesious danger which will courageous dis . Precaution sult and » those immense plains the tor a favorable re crease of knowledge in reference to ertilived by the waters of the given the particulars of the exp Hi under the command of M t will not Le uninteresting to ay ed during the later Ali, A Prench engineer, M. d’Arna who ic still in the service of the Fy ian gover: ment, was engeged in it, as also 5 batier. 1-0 wer of the pr uch consol general ia Egypt. This expe mn peoetrated as far north as iat. 4 d@eg., ana they had thus traversed a distance of over 3,000 miles wituout the river preseating any other aspect than that it bears in Upper Egypt and Soa- dan. Ne official etatement or document of this ex- ition has been publiehed : one or two of the tra- vellers who participated in it, however, have pu’ Bahed more or leas copious accounta. M. Jomard hax fcrnished some particulars in reference to circamstances whieh tranepired ralative to the various expeditions undertaken under Me bemet Ali for the discovery of the sources of the White Nile. # was the members of the sotentitic commission of the expedition to Egypt, and, above all, the mathematician Fourier, Secretary of the Acidemy of Sciences, who first thought of a voya of discovery being undertaken upon the White N ‘that is to Say upon the western branch of the Nile which bad been almost entirely lost sight of by the celebrated Mnglieh traveller, Bruce, the discoverer of the sources of the Blue Nile. Acogn@ing to the state ments of certain former travellem, a French geo- grepber, named dAnville, was the first to direct atttention to this important branch, which appears to be the Nile proper: and in 1745 he made it the subject of a paper to the Academy of Bciences at Parie. This question of a voyage to the White Nile was frequently under discussion ly the members of the Institute of Egypt, and more particularly of Fourier, who attached the bighest importance to ita ‘exeoution. It was twenty years, however, after the expedition to Egypt that this project was seriousiy thought of A French traveller, named Frederic Caillaud, in trusted with a mission from h's government, and profiting by the advance of the Eryptian army ascended the Blue Nile as far as Dar Foq, and dis- covered the celebrated town of Meroe. Pasing by Khartoum, he canght a glimpse of the White Nile, at its confluence with the other branch. Monsienr Linant (now Linant Bey), chief engineer of Egypt, luad already determined the position of Khartoum its longitude and latitude. Thereupon, Mehemet Al) was reqnested to send out a apecial expedition in order to survey it. But the Viceroy determined to first examine person the gold mines, or rather the auriferous en: of Fazogio and Fazangoro in Sennar. There he obtained information with rc gard to the White Nile On hie return in 18 being pressed anew the French Consul, he ot e of exploration. imbachy, was last determined © One of his of bead ere, at th seven stron nee . NEW YORK HERALD, THURSDAY, JANUARY 22, 1857. eS (220 pee This expedition cast but | months. 1 Delieve we sball commence our Inbers ip additional light upon Se peulatinn of the | tbore provinore but country, ite ‘and 5 and Mebemet | “ones T wen yen Al shortly rwarde ordered @ second expedition. sratee), avd you wil gresty oblige me’ by making tile Arnaud, @ Frenchman, was ited com | same colleagues. mander, and M. Sabatier was a Ped with tin. serie 0 le were mates bets eadepiensteny. so we bamen eatoa, | Mavewent 480rem of Whe Gloverner of How M. D’Arnand’s narrative has never heen published; | Willism A. Newell, the newly elected republican tesbed tuereptons sad a; dimple redsstion of doo | Sn"tueteiiat'ta the BO haat Se Mi ineesone large chart of the voyage. This expeditioa only nilicar te new Governor takes tye i parent ia Lh “ aio Sacre forty-two minutes | against the State granting to New York ufliclent During this voyage the state of the river was omen _ buildings for the P Parnes carefully observed. dings. measorements and | the quarantive to that point. "The following ex: elevations were taken; the Nile’s swiftness was poted at various places, as also the productions of the soil, particulars in reference to the natives, their habits aod customs. All this labor remains unpub- lished, as also the observations of latitude and lon- gitude, and the large chart sncompanyig them. Oor travellers were enabled to establ sh and main tain irieudly relations with the natives, and a cer- tain Meck, or yer king, named Lagono, treated them very kindly. eA, Since this memorabie expedition, several others bave been attempted npon the White Nile. We may elte in particular that of the members of the Aus- trian mission, established at Khartoum. Doa Igua- tias Knoblecher, chief of the mission, and Don An- gelo Vinco examined every bend in the Nile as far as penetrated by d’Arnaud’s exvedition, aud evea forther: it is pretended that Don Angelo got as fir asthe second degree of north latitude. There, it was reported, the river was muco narrowed and pavigation became very difficult; the bed showed many rapid carrents, and waa fre- quently obstructed with rocks. M. d’Arnaud had previously remarked this dim‘nution in the width and depth of the Nile, which led him to conjecture at the time that the soarve, or one of the sources, of the river was not very distant. Never- theless, the report of the natives, as also of the mis- siovaries, contradicts this eonjecture. Accordiag to them, the river continues its course far away be- yond that point. Such is, in brief, the history of the more impor- tant attempts bitverto made fo trace out the course of the White Nile snperior. One word unon the present condition of the country as far as the limits ot actual discovery. According to M. Jomard, tie navigation of the river ot the present day is open to Egyptian commerce. For tweive years past Euro- pean merchants traffic peaceably with the na- tives, and collect a Jarge amountof ivory. The whole country, in eflect, appears swarming with elephants; but the rivalry of trade provokes frequent disorder, witrout speaking of the imprudence of merchants, who are sometimes guilty of violence towards the inhabitants, These latter are peaceable, hospi- table aud thickly settled upon either bank. Dis- utes and quarrels having led to serious tumults, the gyptian governement has introduced a precantion- ary measure: Egyptian have been established upon the White Nile, and the various commandants are charged to protect commerce and the natives, and,at the same time, to prevent the abuses of ri- valry. These armed posts and forts have garcisons which render them respected. Qn the other hand, the Austrien mission bas an establishment at Khar- toum, apd « second one of less importance at the fifth degree of north latitude. The missionaries are op good terms with the natives of the country. The Governor of Egyptian Soudan, who resides at Khartoum, has received full instructions to furnish to the expedition of M.fI'Hscayrae de Lauture ba f succor and support of which it may stand in neel. The expedition will thus be in perfect safety from 15 deg. 26 min. sec., the latitude of Kbartoum, as far as the fifth degree of north lati- tude. his enterprise is superior to ali which have preceded it, as regards the security with which it will acvance and the excellent oilicers chosen to effect those scientific researches which are the object of the expedition. The varied attainments and ex- tensive knowledge of the ditlereat members, the perfection of their instruments, will ensure se! titic researches being made under the most favorable auspices, Observations in reference to physical laws will be taken with great care; magnetic pheno- mena will receive particular attention; whilst the botanists and z20logists of the expedition will pure sue thcirresearches in climes where no Huropean has hitherto penetrated. Jn/usoria, invisible to the naked eye, will be investigated by the most rigor- ous methods known to neturaliets; the ge- ographical department will based upon astronomiea! observations, and the study of Cifferent riers ot homan beings, so interesting, in that quarter of the world, will be the constant occnpa- tion of men who have a:ready civen proof of talent in this portion of natural science. Photographic art will give in valuable assistance, possing new scenes before the scientific world; and the specimens brought away will permit everybody to for: act idea of all that is interesting in the va searches of the expeuition. ‘This enterprise, which has for its object the dis- covery of portions of the Alrisan continent now unkuown, is commencing ander the m ‘avorable anspices, and holds forth the buppiest r sei- ence, commerce and civilization. Our travellers be- an ase nding the Nile at the commencement of ast October, and it is believed they will retarn within two yeam. (From ap Alexandria (Kxypt) letter, Doc 6 sas been decided that the cape organised by . PEseayrac de Lauture for the exploration of the White Nile will for the present not proceed be- yond Assonan. This determination has heen caused chiefly by the advanced state of the season, but it is said that M. de Lautour hopes that the delay will to some extent be productive of good results, inasmuch as it will afford the members of the expedition on opportunity forjacclimatising themselves, and thus better enable them to encounter one of the dangers of their journey. Many persons, bowever, fear that the delay will prove a deathblow to the undertaking —a consummation tuat would be matter for, serious regret, considering the trouble that has been taken, and the heavy expense, estimated at fully £20,000, vhat bas been incurred \y the Egyptian government in fitting out the expedition. Mr. ‘f'wytord had ar- rived at Assonan with the flotilla of bouts despatched under his charge: but the news hue at the same time reached us that one of .he small steamers was dashed to pieces in attempting to pass the first cataract. NEW SCIENTIPC EXPEDITION TO THY HAST INDINA. The Austrian government are about dexpatehing one of their vessels, the Novara, for a scientifle ex- pedition eround the globe, an undertaking which excites much remark in Austria, and causes the Augsburger to wish that one or two frigates might be attached to the expedition, in order to make an impression upou the Chinese and Japanese, and per- haps gain from them similar commercial privileges to those already conceded to the United States and Engiend. This, it is thought, wouid he the more . in view ot the opening of the canal o even more readily granted hy to an uopretending mari time power, Like , than to their grasping and formidable brethre ngland and ‘meric While, however, as the expedition at present stands, politico-eommercial ends are not to be over- looked, great attention is to be paid to utifi search in the rich fielis offered oy th the East Indian n. The Nicobar tal be examined wit eye t geology: ethnographist+ snd botanists arc to rev treatnres of Borneo, Celeie~und the Molaceas: while the Phillipites and Sandwich Islands wil! furnish most interesting examples of active voleanoes. The geologist and zoologist of the expedition are respec tively Messrs. Hochstetter and i rouenteld. The de- partment of commercial economy, history and ethno- graphy belongs to Jr. Sherzer, who enjoys at present a great reputation in Avstria for his accurate kaow- ledge of, the modern lancuaces and literatare, his experience of the world and his preposseesing man- ners and address. The Augslurger Gazett: con- cludes by hoping that many other distinguished savans of the nations will attach thomselves to the expedition, and ventures the asenrance that anv such wonld be warmly welcomed by the Austrian go verament. ECIENTIFIC EXPLORATION OF THE INTERIOR OF SOUTH AMERICA, Whilst the scientific men of Europe are engaged in researches in South Africa, Americans are thio ing seriously on thie’side, of exploring the vast int § rior of South America. M. Isidore Geoffroy Saint- Hilaire lately annonneed to the Paris Academy of Seiences that, at a meeting of the G fical_ Ro ciety of Brazil, presided over by the mperor hin- self, it was decided that a soiontific ete: should be forthwith me oy the in re. gions of South America, a tory immensely rich in natoral products. The necessary funds have al- ready been voted, and the instructions published. In the discussion which took place it was officially re- cognized that the example eet by M. de Castelnau, « Frenchman, was the starting point of thie expedi- tion, so that France will not he f in the distribution ef specimens collected by thi omy We give below an extract from a letter addressed to M. Geoffroy Saint Hilaire by M. de Gapanema, captain of engineers, who acted as commissary gen- = of Brazil, at the Expdsition Universelie of low meto inform you of @ new stop made by Prarti I {p golevtifie devel: . In commeqnence of an analysie of the work of M. de Castolnaa, made at the flistorioal | ute, now over Emperor tn person, the cour ‘thie devire | Obombers wee a Tom yo ing, acd will perbape be rewiy to #tert tracts are from the addreas :— REMOVAL OP THE QUARANTINE. The late Governor of New York haa expressed the hope, in on unofficial note which has beea handed to me, that, through executive “ recommen- dation and influence,” the cession of jurisdiction over a portion of our shore will be made to New York for ‘the purpose of enabling her to remove her qiara- tine from Staten Island to the point in question. My convictions of ay, render it not only inporsible to concur in his views, but compel me, on the contrary, imperatively to dissent from them. It is not my inten'ion now to discuss the right of New York to establish a quarantine m New Jersey, upon the ground that a purchase was made of a portion of our territory Jor that from the general government, nor to give a history of tac transaction by which rhe obtained sion of Siaten Isiand; but I shail reserve for the futare a consideration of these and other ta, should it become necessary to communicate with the Legisia- ture on this subject. It is sufficient at this time to say, that the pride and dignity of New Jersey would never allow ber to consent that any portion of her territory should be used for such a purpose by an- other State. To New York inures the advantages of an extended commerce, and she must be content to abide by whatever evils follow in its train. Sbe ought no’ to desire to impose these latter npon a sister State. WREOKS ON THE coasT. When, some years since, a representative in Con- gress from this State, it was my good fortune to pro- cure the favorable consideration of measures for tue better preservation of life and property from ship wreck; upon the Atlantic coasts of Long Island and New Jersey, and appropriations were n (for the first time) made for this object. The intelli- gent gentlemen who have since represented the sale district have also secured similar ap- propriations, so that we may be said to have now a ¢ystem established which promises to be of the greatest benefit to humanity. Already nearly three thousand lives and much property have beco preserved by its agency. But the system is capable of much improvement, and farther legislation is needed to pe rfect it. It is scarcely proper,on an occasion like the present, to make any suggestions in this regard; but! shull cheerfully co-operate in any action which may be taken by the Legislature Sowers perfecting and extending this importaat work. BREAKWATERS AND SAFETY. Breakwaters at Sandy Hook and Crow Shoal would furnish places of refuge in seasons of peril that would Le pprsihipec be the means of saving muwti- tudes of lives and millions of property. The vast Heets of sail which pass the se points on their way to and from New York and Philadelphia deserve every safeguard which the general government can fur- nish; and it seems to me to be one of the strangest inconsistencies of logisiation, that devo'es large sums of money for the construction of costly edifices throvghont the country for the convenient transac- tion of business connested with the collection and safe-keeping of its revenues, yet hesitates to protect the capital and lives of the swarms of human beings who are exposed to treacherous winds and fatal shores, while in the very act of gathering up this revenue. RIGHT OF SUPPRAGE--NATURALIZATION—SOMETHING DEW. Muck and just complaint bas been made as to the facility with which persons of foreign birth are ad- mitted to the right of suffrage. This evil may, per- haps, be remedied by an alteration of our naterali- zation laws, or by secormg a constitutional provision restricting adopted citizens from exercising the elec- tive franchis: until one year, at least, has ela) from the date of their naturalization. This latter course would essentially restrain the evils arising from the excessive, and perhaps corrupt, naturaliza- tions which ure effected on the eve of every impor- tant election : since few individuals or parties would voluntarily Ineur the expense and inconvenience in: cident to the process, if the privileges spigeos | thero- from were to be postponed to so remote a period. A BLOISTAY LAW. A “registry” Jaw- especially for incorporated cities— would also greatly aid in preserving the pn- rity of the ballot box. Not only would these mea- sures serve in a great degree to prevert the perjury and corruption attending elections, but it would sizo afford some opportunity for these strangers to our institutions to become acquainted with our republi- can *y#tem and learn to appreciate its blessings. SLAVERY IN THE TERRITORIES. The right of Congress to legislate upon slavery ia the Territories of the United States is to my mind clear and incontestible. This doctrine was taught and practiced by the fathers and founders of the re- blic, and was sustained by the whole race of iilus- rious stateemen which has passed away. It has been reserved for those of this day to discover that the former did not »reperly understand that in- strumeat, to the fran proper construction of — had devoted the best energies of their min THY MISSOURI COMPROMIsR. The onl of the Missouri compromise, in the pas- sage of the Kansas and Nebraska act, was @ gross violation of plighted faith, and occurred at time and onder circums‘ances well eulculated to arouse the just im seg of the whole cowtry, 2nd cause it to doubt the moral rectitude of the government The sad consequences of this act will be long fol’. No sophistry will avail to hide its true purpose, New Jersey will invist upon preserving, forever, intact from slavery, that portion of our soil dedicated to perpetual freedom by this sulemn and time-honored compact. Yet New Jersey is conservative; she wit! abide by the compromises: she reprobates any in- terference with the institution of sliuvery in Scates where it already € and she recognizes no s1pe- rior in her devotion to the true interests of the whole country. THE DISTNIONISTS. Tt has become a convenient cant with a certain class of politicians to threaten a dissolution of the Union. Soch languave might have had some mean- ing in timos long gone be, but what was once a ferile tnion of States has grown to Le a powerful contede- ration, and this government will never be overthrown by politicians while the people are true to them selves, and put their trust in the great God of Na tions. Theatrical and © Baoapway Tonarrn —The pany will appear for the la ning, when the “ Child of th performed. Nivto’s Ganves.—The brilliant scenic oper entitled the “ Mountain Syivh,” is to be repes’ed by the Pyse and Harrison Engiish opera troupe to- night. Bowery Tnrater.Shakepere’s comedy of “ Much Ado About Nothing,” and Knowles patriot ie play of ‘ William Tell,” are sanounced for the farewell benefit of Mr. and Mrs. E. L. Davenport. puRTON's The Heney Moon” is to be played tonight, by a cost embracing the names of Messrs. Belton, Burton and Fisher, Mies. Barrow and How- ard, Ac. “ The Mammy” follows. Watack’s,—Miss Matilda Heron, whose histr'- onie abilities have been highly laudeu in other cit! is to make her debwt at this house to-night in ber own version of “Camille.” . Miss Keene will this evenine ired i al Teems. rman opera com e but one this e+e Regiment” will be ive her greatly inter} ion of Peg Wot. fisteo, inthe p! aces.” “Young Bacehus” is the Awentcas Meseum.—Visiters will be entertained ith “Romance under Difficulties” and “A Pleasant eighbor’ this afternoon, and the “Orphad of Ge- * anda farce in the evening. Mixerretsy.——Songs, jokes, <c., not forgetting the great farce of “New Year Calls,” constitute the rogramme at Ceorge Christy & Woods. Mise Hif- Fore having fully recovered her voice will resume her role in the langhable burlesque on “ion Juan,” at Buckley's, to-night. Deeravertye Pine gy sTnee- oxor THE TApERNACLE Marnopist Caoncn— The fire about seven o'clock last evcaing was caused by the burning of the Tabernacle clnrch, situate in 2 street, below Oxferd. The fire commenced in the unfinished part of the basement, by the burst ing of the heater. The walls fell about 9 o'clock, with a tremendous crash. The Chief —, and John Street, George Jenner and Jobn Bowman, of the Mechanic Fi Company, were slightly injured by the fel.ing of the walls. At 7) o'clock, 9 general r) was rung by the State House bell, by order of the Rngineer. A large namber of fire companies from the lower tricta, dragged their engines res to the scene through the snow, which, drifting by the gale, presented an obstacle that was almost ineur- mountable. On arriving at the fire, they generally — uaseles, a2 the fire plags were nd (hele pretiale weer could be obtalnod The froven, ond Rev. Joshua Gaylor a " ons i a The boilding was vained a’ wi i ratte of #54000, half of which is'in the Fire Agsoci- ation. Two dwellings on Eleventh street, adjoini the choreh, were partly —. at 9 o'clock, at the ocenpant of the remainder of the dwellings were bury removing their furniture, deapairing of emen beng able to subdue the ‘lames. Phila delphia Ledger, Jan. M9 | The | 0°40, the volomey Message of the Governor of Wisconsin. Governor Coles Bashford delivered his anaual message to the Legislature of Wiseonson on the 15th inst, The following are the only portions of the document which do no! relate strictly to the interna! affairs of the State:— RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. ‘The subject of river and harbor improvements ix one in which our State has a vital interest, situated as che is, at the head of the two great natural chan- nels of internal navigation, which penetrate to the heart of the continent—the ippi on the one hand, connecting us with the Gulf of Mexico, and the lakes upon the other, leading to the Atlan tic. By one or the otber of these routes the greater ortion of the surplus ucts of our jeu!- ral and mineral districts their way to market. It is estimated, by persons competent to form an in telligent Cg ‘that the losses on the upper lakes alone, for year 1856, reach the enormous aggre- gate of four millions of dollars, besides the destruc tion of many valuable lives. In the general sacri- fice, Wisconsin, with the other Western States, has suffered largely. The Western States pay an ia- pag pk oy port of the general government one cout more im proportion to their population—none are more Poth in their devotion to the general weal; and while the pational coffers are confessedly overflow- ing with the accumulation of surplus treasures, it is but the dictate of common justice that Congrass should woke liberal appropriations for the improve- ment of Western rivers and harbors, and the conse- juent greater ay 4 of life and property. I would refore revommend that you memorialize thet body on this subject, asking for appropriations of this character commensurate with our wants and our increasing commerce. CITIZENS OF WISCONSIN IN KANSAS, 1 berewith transmit to ae the petition of Wm. H. Gill, R. D. Nichols, Walter Florentine, Cyrus S. Gleason, Elizur Hills, and Oliver Langwortby, set- ting forth that they were creep deomgs of this State; that having emigrated to ritory, they have been thrown into prison at Lecompton, upon charges of high crimes, notwithstan that their only offence has geaes io Sebeae em: selves and their property a rey organ- ized band of srhed marauders from the “iate of ‘Missouri, who were engaged in the most anbridled excesses; pillaging property, burning dwellings and murdering the weak and defenceless. Upon the re- ceipt of this petition, I addressed a letter to Governor Geary in behalf of the petitioners, strongly urging him to use his inflaence in pro- tecting them against such injustice. Since then, however, I have learned nothing farther re- specting them. In a ee to v predecessors, during their r session, occasion to call attention to similar out 5 then suggested the propriety of the measures for the protection of our citizens possession of their constitutional right to liberty aud safe transit through an; rtion of our common ecuntry. These renews fratances of lawless and wanton oppression will justify me in again directing your attention to the subject. KANSAS AND SLAVERY. For the past few weeks a greater degree of quiet seems to tae prevailed rs that Rie Pag ap ars at least temporarily restored, and hopes ure aw entertained that citizens of this and other free States will hereafter be permitted to remain there in the prosecution of their awful and legitimate busi- ness, secure from furtber violence and rapine. This change is undoubtedly attributable in part to the manifest determination of the free States to pro- tect their citizens who have settled in good faitn in the Territory of Kansas, and in part to the aroused public sentiment bo er the same por- tion of the Union against the ther extension of slavery. The present tranquillity, however, may be followed at any moment by new outbreaks. From those who sock to exclude free labor from that Ter- ritory by the introduction of African slavery we have ing to wang If by another effort ‘they should deem A acer to accom this cherished purpoee, the attempt will be made and the distarb- ances and violences of the past renewed. In my judgment, therefore, duty, as well as we, «Le ‘mand that we stand fully up to the ition we have already assumed, and hold ourselves in readiness to render all constitutional aid within our power to such of our citizens as have and bona fide settlers in Kansas, whenever the general government sball fail to afford them adequate pro- tection. An out spol and settied determination part of the free States not to swerve in the maintenance of this position is the surest guarantee of peaee and freeaom in Kansas, THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE. I cannot allow this occasion to pass without re- pelling the grossly unjust imputations cast upon the people of this, in common with those of a majority of the free States, by the present chief magistrate of the republic, in his late annual message. A large majority of the eectors of Wisconsin stand charged by him with hostility to other portions of the Union, with a desire to interfere with the domestl: justitu- tions of other States, and with participating in revolatic movement, the of which is at tainable only by the path of civil strife, aud whi would inevitably lead to the disruption of the coun- try. The mildest lap T can apply to such charges isto pronounce them most upjast and \n- warraptable. No State is more fondly attached w the Union than our own; no people more loyal to the constitation, er more scruy in their reg ! for the rights of others, than those of Wisconsin. | is true that they have differed from the President on important questions of national policy; but that opinion has been honestly and conscientiously en tertained, and 1 feel it my ~. wo the sweeping allegations of the President, in his mes- pat in this respect, as ill timed, undignified and untrue. A Deadlock In Indian {F¥om the Ciacinpatt Commerciml, Jan. 17.) Matters are in a singular snarl at the seat of go- vernment of our sister State adjoining on the west. Notbing seems to be settled there, be; the fact that a body of excited and weongling liticians are assembled in and about the Capitol, ostensibly as lawmakers. The anarchical precedent set by the democratic Senate two years ago, by which there was a failure to elect an opponent of the democracy to the United States Senate, is now rigidly followe! by the republican Senate—sircumstances having altered casee—and it appears that there will # be no incontestible representation of the Si Indiana in the Senate of the United States. D republican mojority in the senate have taken mos: exuaordinary precautions against being trieke driven or inveigied into a joint session with theTlouse. They have been daily demonstrative im their zeal to prevent the Cremer | of natorial election. Tacy have refnsed to meet with the House for any purposc. They wonkd not go into the hoil of the House to hew the mesage of Gov. Wright or to hear prayers, or, in compliance with the constitutional requiremen'«. that the votes for Governor should be opened ay the oath of office administered m the presenc both houses. A. P. Willard, Esq., was Lieuton: Governor, until be assumed to be Governor, and wes the presiding officer of the Senate. When the hour arrived, or, according to one of the accounts, a few minutes previous to the precise time, he tue Senate adjourned to meet in joint session with the House, and see the opening of the votes for tiover- nor, snd bear the avnonneement and witness the ceremonies of inanguration, by which he was to a»- cend in the official ecale from Lieutenant Governor to Governor. He was followed by the democratic imto the House; but the republican Senators refused to consider their body ad journed, and remained in session, and now hold that as the records of votes were not opened and the oath of office not adininistered, according to constitutional requirement, in the presence of both houses, Will is not constitutionally Gov ernor. The democracy hold that the istons of the constivution were complied with, the two houses of the Legisiature were in joint session that Willard is legally Governor, and that the wirn- ment of the joint convention t» three weeks from the day of inauguration, will be binding on both bodies, and that the election of United Sena tors will certainly take place on thet day. The demo Scubtlen go ito joist seston, pursuant to. wjourn: joubtless yo into joint ses pursnan' - ment, and elect two democratic United States Bena- tors. Bot the republicans of the Senate will stand aloof, contending that the bedy of which they com- pose a majority, not been in joint convention with the House, and that the Pom sg! election ot United States Benators will be illegal; and hero they will have, on their side, the a just estaly ished by the democratic Senate in the rejection of Harlan, of Iowa, which, by the way, was 4 profitless aud foolieh act of “ the highest deliberative body in the workd.” It will ay the majority, who are = sible for it, nothing, because the lowa Ie) are will immediately return Harlan; 40 there will be no mistake about Fis right to a seat; and it is foolish, because it enconrages factions proceedings in Legis lature, and will render the election of United States Senators im) bie, anless when there is an identi- ty in the political complexion of both houses ot the Tegivlature. This may eventnate in the United States Senate finding itself without quorum. It will be interesting to observe whether the same Senators who voted to exciude the lowa Senator will be in favor of she admission of democrats re- turned from Indiana under informalities, between which end those on which the case against Harlan wae made out, no substantial difference or strong hadow of variance ean be found. A contract has heen Saet between an eminent Porsan poblishber and M. Arthar dle la Guerron- nicre, former editor of the Pays, and now member o: the Connell of State, for the tion of a work in sia wolomen, to be entitled History of the Partie. mertiry Monarchy of France from 1616 to 1862.” vam to be paid 9 the writer Je 19,000f., or Ohio State Finances and Finay (From tbe The Governor bas made quite of the State finances, and brought some things to light which had been covered up, Somebody said, long ago, “that the public was @ goose to be pick- age maxim is ed theoretically and Po , and by most «f men who have had bandling of bani, snes ie -Se ee oe years. Tne moée of picking the goose, generally practiced, is to get as much public money spent a8 possible, and then to make as mach of it stick as possible, in the way of salaries, interest, exchange, cot , extra services, &c. He must know very little of modern fivaociering, who, having the ex- penditure of large sums money, cannot make something ont of it. Tbe celebrated Swartwout, in @ trial instituted by the government, claimed to balance nearly the whole of his two million deficit, by a cet off for commissions, extra services, &c. In this State we have never had such splendid examples of financial skill; and, on the whole, our financial abilities bave been confined within the limits of common sense and common Still there ae ama ee wnich bee we have a latent 1 for more fashionable modern attainments Sy tote jov. Chase, after it contracted by former State officers, of eaiene the State évenues by creating debt, thus the actaal bal- ance in the treasury, to which we call the attention of our readers. The effect of this anticipation of revenues will be learly presented by the following statement :— ‘he balance nominally in the treasury on the “15th of No few fond 1855, according to the report of tue ny Audi- Of State, WAR... cee ceee sees srsenes 70 80 To this sum should be added the bank’ taxes, due Fin 1854-5, but received tn 1856 6, seeereseceseeees + $180,961 20 ‘Less this sum retunded as having ‘boen illegally collected........++ 60,180 43 60 W Making the total apparent means on 16th of November, 1856. teeeeceeeeceee sees on ee 820,300 85 From which, in order to ascertain the real cash means, should de deducted the amount 2 debts jd in 1865- Renveomae 517,378 65 eiance te esse eeeeeese100,000 00 ———417, 313 65 ‘Making the balarce of means apparently appit- eadle to the service Of 1955-6......+.++ 454+ 205,977 20 But of the baisnce reported by the late Auditor, the sum of $225,819 30 never came into the of 1664-5 sury. There should, therefore, from ane ‘apparent balance, sum bese aeeeee Showing, instead of jx balavce of am actual deficit of available means, a5 a ———-— charge upon the revenues of 1856-6, of...... 19,842 10 The facts exhibit in a clear light the importance re guarding against expenditures beyond appropria- O18. Here is a small matter of eight hundred thousand dollars—which the people supposed they had away in their pockets on the 15th day of November, 1855 —disappeared forever into tne air. What has be- come of it? Half a million of it, as the Governor shows, was never there. It was money which on that day should have been paid for the debts of the State outstanding. The officers of the State had got the State-into the habit of living from hand to mouth, taking credit and giving credit after the fashion of many individuals. But there is still a large amount unaccounted for—where is that? The story is now out, and mayfas well be told plainly. The sum of #225 ,000 never came to the hands of the present Treasurer, but was, says the Governor, “re- tained by the late Treasurer as paid for exchange, or placed with depositories who have used the money, and bave Yuiled to restore it to the treasury.” This is the old story of defalcation, The public has lost,the money, there is an end of it. ir. Breslin, the former treasurer, is no longer in office, and may have no portion of this money. But he is not the less accountable for this act. Hie had no right to place the public moneys where they were in the slightest danger, or to receive anything on his own account for their use. One practice, heretofore quite common among public officers, is to place the public money on de- See where the use of it will ensure to him some fit. Sometimes this is done on political and sometimes on personal grounds. The manner in which this two hundred thousand dollars was lost, we understood last winter, to be by depesiting it with certain banks and individuals, for political considera- tions. A good deal of these transactions is well known to persons here, but the party, and the party gamesters, who were the chief actors, are so effectu- ally wrecked that it is not worth while to revive or expose their sins. je actnal expenditures of the State, in the two last fivancial years, stood thus: — Tn 184-5. eores In 1855— $5,570,255 Reduction... : % The tota! amount of taxation for the State, city, township, and all other purposes in the last two years, was as follows: — in 1966-5......0. $8,954,511 In ish ee 3 Reduction. . .. $804,908 It is certainly pleasant to know that the enormous taxation in this State is beginning to be reduced, and itis equally pleasant t2 know that it is redaced in this county. On the supposition that the State contains 2,300,000 inhabitante, the omount of taxation is $3 50 per head. The school tax amounts to 60 cents per head, and the State tax to double that. The support of the poor, which is divided between the counties and townships, amounts to $490,000 per annum. wee aoe —a of hye da is the sinking fund. is is one of the inary things— like the Fiying Duatchman—that when you seek you never find, If any one ever finds the sinking fund we hope he will put itin the museum. It will be the first sinking fund ever found. Some of onr railroad companies occasionally institute a sinking fund, but no bondholder was ever so entirely innocent as to look for it. The real meaning of a sinking fand we suppose to be “‘a fund that sinks.” In the case ef the State, a sinking fund was constitated by law several years since; hut whenever the sinkiog fuod Meney,and the treasury was “hard up,” the legislatnre very kindly appropriated the sinkin: fund te the use of thetreasury. We cannot gather from the Governor's message that the sinking fund is anything more than the ghost of a superstitions being under that neme. The State, however, onght to have a sinkin fund, which has a real, positive existence. There is one way, and unly one way, to obtain this end. The Legislature shonld put the money of the sinking fund in the hangs of eutirely separate officers, who have no connection with the State government, and should be charged with receiving and keeping in safe depo-itories the money set aside for this pur — it is very important, if we mean to pay the te debt, and maintain (as we have done) a hig) character for stability and integrity, that this should be done. The — of the —. condition if the State proves, that as a community, we are hly Perous. The State is rich, in both weal tnd the materials of wealth. Bat if we mean to grow popu- lous, we must seek to improve our enlture and develope oar mines. It is labor a) i to the soil which is the great source of wealth, growth and prosperity. Free Negroes In Arkansas, Larilanre recently rejected « il for. the removal a recen! a for the removal 1 the limits otthe State of the free persons of color reriding therein. A majority of Select Committee to whom this subject been referred reported in favor of the of the bill. The nds upon which it was rejected. sre set forth, it £ resumed, in the following minority report, sub- mitted by Mr. Abbott, one of the Select Commit- twee > Mr. Sreaxen—A nar ig Ad the Select Commit- tee to whom was referred Honse bill No. 11, to be entitled “ An act concerning free ne; »' have had the same under consideration, and have adopted a substitute for suid bill, and have recommended the passage of the same; but the undersigned, a minority of said eommittee, cannot concur in the of the majority, aod would most respectful: of he ct Na area recommend ed by said _ 1, Your committee is of the opinion that said bill is in conflict with article second, section ten, of the constitution of this State, which provides that,‘ No free man shall be taken or of his freehold, liberties or privilege, or outlawed, or exiled, or in peity, vat ny the Jeagment Of his peers or the la cf tty, by judgment is peers or 1 w of The fond.” Your committee believes that the above section incIndes all free men, and that the framers of the constitution intended to embrace all free men f whatever color. 2. Your committee cannot consent to a policy which would expatriate, banish, imprison and en- slave any human — without any cause whatey or, os the bill under ration does. Your commit tee is of the opinion that the Legislatnre posenson no power, ander the constitution, to deprive ony howen being of his life, liberty or property, un! is he forfeits his rights to the same by committing crime. 3. Your committee believes that suitable laws ean be mede concerning free negroes, whereliy the wicke’, mischievous and the troublesome may be made 19 euffer punishment—those that are nuisances removed from the State, and the induetrious, well dispord and law abiding ones (if any seh there be) con be allowed to remain. At any event all bamare policies shonid be tried to remedy the ¢ of free negroee, before the onprewive and tyrannic 5 by te lapse LS z, Z| E e = The 29th of December, I neg'ected to ment last wrote you. From cond ion, I have obtained a statement of the trij sidering the character of the weather of snow on the-plains, was one req fortitude on the part of tbo-e in char, of the others, Ht J BE to bring it (or an; of it) safe); Mw bol and a Ye conductor left Sait Lake on the Ist of Now A few miles from the city, at the canon of W: Range, they found snow to the depth of three, and even eight fect, through which they we compelled to travel: for some distance, aft much detention, reached Fort Laramie on the 19 of November. They desired an escort, but no being provided, pushed on; at Cottonwo spring, met the outward bound e of Jones, a little after which @ snow storm of o> com] § iF "y encou much violence, ines { much s0, that th _ y. of December. While delaying on account of storm at Kearny, a man in tne employ of M Dyer, the sutler, was driven before the storm, whi , going from the store to his quarters, and doubtle a8 he has not beea seen since. Quite number in and around the post have been injured | the extreme cold of the season. A ied } Lieut. Kelton, Q M., and Dr. Page, of Fort Larami the mail party left Kearny ani reached here witho _ much interruption on last Monday. On their ig near Bean River, bs met the third hand cart of Mormons going West. This was one of Brigha + Young's favorite methods of travel, and the succes fal arrival of the first_and secoud train induced tl citizens of Salt Lake City to hold a public meetin — peas resolutions expressive of their thanks, &« | 6 t or. Jn reply he stated that it was n Brigham Young’s measure or suggestion, but that the spirit of the Lord, and that when he undertoc the work, nothing could retard their progress. Tl fourth and fifth trains were me! at the thr crossings of Sweet Water, in a very di ferent condition from those in advanc ey were suffering beyond measure, fi the want of provisions, and on account of the col | They were very badly clothed, and in of the hardships, re of them were " nod camp they buried fifteen in one day. The mode burial, since they cannot dig the 5 to lay the bodies in heaps, pile over thee iy and heaps of stones. Gov. Brigham Young, lear. ing something of their conaition, dispatched son men and provisions to their relief; but these wo: met by the mail party returning to the city agai having been turned tack bythe violence of th storms they encountered. What the creature | will do, or what will become of them, it 1s Hard{ | tell. Under delusion, they have left their homes i foreign lands, and to satisfy a whim of the Gove nor, undertoels a journey of thousands of miles, nc half provisioned or fitted for a trip that, even i good weatler is difficult enough, let alone at this ir clement season of the year. J mentioned that the mail arrived; the way ma wasall that reacbed’bere. Near Marysville, by som rocess of law not understood in the States,a W farshall attached the a.ules, tl riff and Deput Postmaster took possession of 1 and the cor ductor was compelled to leave the mails at Mary: ville, and get here the best way he wa always our impression that the mail could not b interrupted, and if such is the case, this may prove more serious aflair than those ivterested in the ma! ter may think. We understand that the whoie sat ject will be made known to the proper authorities a Washington, and undergo a | Investigation Magraw, the contractor, is not of thwarted ii his pi , and we opine that he will not be iv this instance. Ever since be tractor th: Mormons and others have troubled him, but he ha held on in his course in spite of all obstacies. An now, if the Mormons undertake to carry the mail we will find interruptions acd trouble from the coi mencement to the end of their contract. an becoming emboldened at any rate, and bid’ c to the laws and institutions of the United “tates. ‘*ehatberg’ J froin toe Boxtoa Avlas Mi. M. Thalberg’s concert last ev was attended by far the largest but icast appreciative audience o: the series. The performances had all possible clain to applanse and enthusiasm, but the hearers were wnaccountably cold. Of M. Thalherg himself it is Lot necessary to speak: his playing may fairly be fet down as the highest st.odard of which we have any knowledge. His mech¢nica: execution is traly wondeiiul, but that is not his chief merit; he maker the pianoforte sing, wud his melodies have almost the accent, the force, the expression which voice could give, ‘The trio in “Iucrezia Borgia,” which de played last night, was a combination of the most prodigious effects The stern, emphatic command of the Duke—the liquid sweet» cs of Geanaro’s 501 --and the agovy of the unfur unate Duchess—eac! requiring apparently a different treatmeat, were all brought out upon the instrament in their appropriate spirit, yet Liendiag into one magnifi- cent whole. It was au exhivition which we pever seen, aud shall not soun see Equally facile cxecution we may ece—though it isnot proba- ble-—but the spirit that vreathed throngh and cave life to the whole is Thalberg’s alone; that is not to be imi- tated; it cannot be bequeathed from master to pupil. ‘The fantasia upon “Norma” was played as a duet, the accomplished pianist, Mr. W: Mason, assist- ing; the 8 were, of course, entirely familiar ta the audience, and a repetition was deminded. [he septotte, by Hummel, seemed to us to be lost in the vast expanse of the hall; we hoard it before ina Much smaller room, and we are now convinced that ite delicate beauties cannot be made effective in suck a large epace. Mme. D’Anzti will leave our city with an eviable reputation. There i no question of her eminence; 80 much power, eo mach emphasis, sach porty + tasty and skill in ornament, such clear and sharp} defined? promuneiation, and such an easy and seif-poised mapper would give any artist, no matter how litle known before, ut once the very highest rank. Mme. de Wilhorst sang the cavatina from “La Sonnambula.”’ Come me pv sereno, making a deci- dedly favorable impression. She has a very \eauti- fui voice, clear wud sympathetic, though rather reedy in sume notes; its Gexibility is really remarka- ble. Her roulades were well executed, and with such decided qualities of yoice and style, we think she has a brillant future before her. She was still more succ in the duet with D’Angri, from “Se- miramide. iorno C'orrore; tt was @ very fine spe+ cimen of vocalization. It is enongh to say that Signor Morell! susta'ned his reputation ws an artist. He sang the ara front “La Pavorita,” Vient Lronero, and a duet with , from “L"Itaiani in Aigeria,” and repeated bellaas Scarcity of Fuel in Cineinnath, (Prot the Cige!ncat, Commercial, Jam. 17 The announcement that coal could be obtained by applying to the committee at the Counei! Chamber, for twenty five cents per bushel, had the effbct yea- terday of collecting a crowd each aa is rarely scer hnless at tome public meeting or exciting ga‘hering. OF course the class of people who attended were distinct from their mere necdy fellow-citizens whe had previously visited the same precincts for the purpose of obtaining woud at the cost price. Im the present ease the great mas# @f applicants was composed of the bone and sinew of the city, traders and mechanies, who have suared in common with all from the scarcity of fuel. It was really fearful to contemplate a scene where so iarge and res- ctable a body of men were struggling in a mass oO ayy ‘the committee for the purpose of pay’ gts ruinous price of twenty-ive conts a bushel. for what, in ordinary times, will not com- mand half the money. liow long this press continue remains to be seen, jut it is evident thh the present movement for bringing coal to the city was not made a whit too soo. As we looked ov. we ob seived seme scores of persona quietly depart, not having the ss ge on energy to thrast and jostle with the crowd, preferring rather to pay the exor- bitant price ed by those few speculators who possess the precious article It is some consolation to know that matters mast radinally mend. Had we at first abandoned all ope of relief by means of the river, the city would never have heen redced to such extremity. But upon the erystal sarface of that uncertain «rr: may he daily seen innumerable teams ber: he old woods of Kentucky their welcome cont ions. The fast locked condition of the r ver has at east the advantage of ng 4 the arrival of thie deseti n of fuel, whieh, fi daily brought into market, a visible decline. ‘Tre Onn Cent. he cent was proposed in 17: Robert Mortis, the creat flaancier of the Revo and wee named ly Jefferson, two years lator. began to make its appearance from the mint 1 1742. it bore then the head of Washington on ou side, and a chain of thirteen links on the uther. The French revolution soon after created 4 rege for Freneh ideas in America, winch put on the « stead of the head of Washington, the hea! Goddess of Liberty—a Vreneh liberty witt thurs: forwarl and towing locks. tie clai reverse wus replaced by the olive wr But the Freneh liberty was short live her portrait on our cent. The present dame, with a fillet ronnd ber hair, cx t thirty or forty veer her fi n Grecian featgres’ have be tly altered