The New York Herald Newspaper, January 18, 1857, Page 2

2 Russian co vcromcat has over amd ever again denied Abere facts, but the proofs exist both at Leadeuhali Bhect ond Downing street, very approa bot Russom towards the south, a6 Bir Jorn M Neill said years ago, is an approach toworos les ching the ‘dificulties in the of an evasion of India, and as son as the rasmirces of Persia shu'l bave Leen placed as Rossia’s disposal, ard Herat shal Mare Lecome the soahern trontier, here will be longer any insuperable impediment # | fhe tuvasion of Thoda Prom the moment thas she | es this purinon,” gays Ste Juba M’Neill, 1) become Recessury to ancment oar sriny in Indra, espec ally tue Buropean part of it, a W be } tor the eoutingenctes boat may arise oat of This would be # large a tdision to xpenditare, woiee would beouns per- manent » if Russis were at Herat, we oonkd bo longer seud troops out by sea #3 quiekly a3 she eonid maro thew byland * * * Were Rassia estab- brbeo at Herat, the iotiuence she would exert ia h in time of peace, would be such aa to soverhment of thatcovutry much more he toen it now is ely We presidencies, pat the provi Willeompeneod the change thet wonld ttfiected to ovr positiog there by the presence, Wibin such a distance aa to make a collisioa pro- ie of eny power equal to onrown Kebellious ey hrew 1 «due would, in im: places, be collected with difictty, and in some the tall amount would nes Le paid. The minds of al! men would ne anset- Med, and every distuclonce in the northwesrern Pro vwoes, every movement on the Indus, and be- *yord it, would assume a nes Character from the co Rertion it wuld or might have with the new and Pewerlal neighbor to whow ail the disaffected would Beve secours ibe observ \ions of a man af the grest- ve and ability, who well Knows both Perma ané Ineis, and we will leave them to work ‘err eflect withous a word of comment. in Nicaragua. Ynria, Der 37} v that be is an adven- + bun 18 he onty to be gh and vio- teooe day Die Park foar It bas been » @ the ps of an empire ® ix One thing tbat canpot | is that Walker begun his career pre aad ii 40r10— hose great sdvensurers, w ture aago, 3 in Nicaragua. not at all credi- have ultimately of bie amoition, he is now reme chief of the if not recognized tates; and from receives reia d couey. Al! a0 once shown »stion is whether it After numer table vo bis me turned to the be President v New Orleans be a men, «mmuniticn : point. alker@ success, unfortn- is asked woat are to be the this milary coief will be imeef, in che territory e his po-sessioa, & mein, an elf with liviag nabob, or whether his ambition is likely of & peaceful enjoyment acum dignitate is too essentially repug- aukee organization for Walker to con- template it for a mo t His mani destiny is listen only to the prompt, re, Which arges him onward dificul’, at the present time, to indi- the plune of Walker; per- je up his mind on lo the tura of and which isan measures aud tate in & pre haps he has that point events. Tha imevitable conc! wmoerd fro: plices, such as That be ia determ ery nstitations of ation and ‘the abolitionists of the of the black race, » the Southe intended w keep in ¢ North. Tue proof that such igns is to be found first in bis ea ne decree alvolishing in the active aid vers of the Southern 1 of which is Mr. P. h his temporary con: Caban janta. 1 alavery in Nicaragua whiew ber iro, nection with |: tendency bas become so manife Yous Heratp has pub ished the following: ~ nw oat bis he plan upon e eof tue Uniced States ge neraily; at most he oniy designs to hold in check that of the Northern States of the Usion. As to tue Southern States, they will be aaxiliories rather than otherwise jor him, and perl his allies, shonid the stru North and the the | nien. Meanwhile principally trom > Tevplorcems nts yuth briag avout the disruption of t is still from the United States, and » that Walker receives This ts done with the more facility neutrality can- not be invoked i Watker being at the p or less regular, the indive » v0 join him are to all legal 0 lod as setuers and free emigrants, enlisted vo cerry on war against a government friendly to the ed States, It is trae that Walker haa to contend against the antipathy whi an AngloSasop, he inaplres wt American populations. Tois ay of every conqueror. The nsto he decided is whether he Will be able iven time, to introduce into Nica- raga a sufficient nmmber of his countrymen to form an armed aod organired for aflicient to keep down the natives and vtain themselves in their country, without ti isgainst them. It is in view of ‘hat tme may be said te work in the Yankee adventarers, and tha} every day oeses without their Leing driven into the era ine es their strength and consolidates wrir dominion, ‘The Renewed Eritich Fran kita Search. pvdvr Globe, Jvc 4 mpton baiidings, eriag the propriety of sup- I t of De. King and Lientensut Bedtord Pim for o new lend and sea expedition in the neigbboriood of the great Fish river in search of tureber traces he missing Le gg Mr. er of the Metropolitan Beard of porting the pr Deulon, a men, Works, occeupir chair, and, baring introduced Dr. King, th jeman gave some further ex plovaty the manner in which they pr to carry ont the search, which, he «aid, must ead euc- cessfiliy Lieutenant Pim pext addressed the meeting ina ep which ¥a8 londly applauded, observing that the, dno desive thay any one should bold up his bend u favor of the project unless convinosd of the nece-sity of a further search, en the grounds of bomanity, consistecey, and o desire to preserve our matioual boner and maritime supremacy from the smavest stain. He described that part of the plan recerring to bimeel!, eularging upo the use of doge for sedging purposes; and pointing out the pro- posed route of snips and siedwes, be naid diflicaltaes, be doubt, would have w be encountered, bat long experience im the polar regions had considerably jesvenei ‘he dangers, which could, many of them b> avoided by common foresight. He himeeif was + opin n that it would be only necersary to ap- }.-sce the Eequimaex with a litte cireumepection to extract from them the thrilling story of oar coan- ‘trymen’s sufiet.-@s, and to induce them to tell at what villege the urvivers would he found. There could be no donit the natives in the vieinity of the magnetic pole knew every particular about the mis sing shi;s. lieutenant Pim then detailed his per- onal experience of the Eoquimaux, showing that they were no. of @ worlike diaporision, and addu cing the fat. of Liewteuant Bernard, who was Kuled, together with fifty even men, women and chien of ¢ Dequimaux, by an inroad of the Konehin Indiant, as & proot of ie unsaspi- cious ebaracter of the natives with whom be would have to deai. He spoke in very frateful termes of the American officers at Porte noob, who bad bronght the old Resolate to thix ccnntry. Tbey were, every one of them, real gond ‘ows, and be was sorry Captaiy Hartstein could wot le present Uiat evering. bt the banquet at emouth prevented ium. He could not tor e ly coudemn the large, o mbersome expedi- toe nitherto sent out, citing t ahaadonment of the five versels and the ee. itm o. we Resolute. Two More ships were fivstine about wu the ice—ead if we werr not quickly in the teld, he should not ve sur prised to weer of the Freneh bringing one to Zag nd, and perhaps the Danes the otser. He did uot beritere to tay tunt euch an event would bea very grest biow to our maritime greatness, and make oe the laughing & of Karope. For hia part he ould net bees tie) ‘0! leaving bis forlorn coantry- mean in the furch, en ved jis country teoymuch to vee her losing Ler prowd 1d the conildence of those whom she might hereafter have to send on enterprises of dang The sesul’ tions approving the. pre} brpaiiy's!). The Financta Ivesucn tn Sarepe. In the Belgion C utnt«r of Representatives, on the 16th ult, a cony saver of some toterestto the monewry world aro ~ /pon the cousideration of the Budvet 0) Ways um Meru for bhe year 1867 :— | bb. Mercier, the Minisierof Finarce, gave eome explanavens Upon © ¢ s\ute of affairs as regarded his departwent Un «turner ooomion he had that yhere bad hee. setwcer the budgets of expenses and receipts a diff nce of 5,900,000f., being an ex- cess of the form r over the aver; but im conse goenee of certain orductions on acconnt of supple mentary credits, the excess had diminished to 960,000f The Budget of Ways and Means, whieh was, Mm 1837, 85,911.700f, “rove, im 1847, to 114,675.650f, In 1847 there was o further in- ovease, the amount being 198,354,990" This aug- Revtobon was accounted tor by the roceipwof the railways, which exceeded 22,000,000f¢., the produce of 1837, There was snocher cause for (his augmen- tabon- namely, theredempsion of the debt, whieh Must be covered by the ways and means, There were also ineressed recvipts tor the tuily or the Beheldt. Tie regular and ordinary receipts bad «Diy produced an augmentation of 9,>17,000fr., which was rquired Wo mwet ube expenses for the Tepal/sof roass aud the construction of water cour tes; also to defiay toe minimum of interes’ grsated ‘for the constuction of the railways. Tere were exper ded for pntle instruction of every degree wach larger sams of money now than were de manded for that object in +27. Several sehook, pritons, and apprenticeship workshops had heen since that pericd constructed. Voe cevelopement of the public weulth had rendered the local rm moe productive by the amount of abous 20,000,- 000'r., and by abouts one milion tacresse in the patent duties. The customs and excise daties nad aupmented considerably, in increased consumption of sugar and of l'rau de vie. M. Sineve complained of the National Bank de- chining toreceive French gold exeept at a great tos to the holder. This determinstion of the Natioual Bark hud oveasioned consideravle embarrassment in commercial Vansachons Sach a proceeding was unjust, selfish and intolerable It ©as reproved by every one who considered the privileges con- jer d by the law on that establishment. The bank shoud have maintawed the gold, even ata loss to tteelf, obliged to ecturn to the system of obtigutery paper money, becouse there was no gold é Bergin, the siteir wae gradually disappraring. Gold would be compelled to take a value ot @ future day, which at the present momen: it was impossible to indicate, in the tace of a crisis produced by the doc'rimes of free trade, the high price of alimentary commodit«s, and the Inte war in the Crimea. While the Nutiona! Sank refused to take french Bold at its soanderd value, io bad tae power of cresting @ new issue of its notes, ‘M. Ory said that the criticism directed by M. Sinave against the National Bank should rather bave been directed against the last monetary law they bed cracted im adopting the s'andard of silver. Ip the presence of such a law the bank could only cousider foreign gould in the hght of megfhandiee. the bank could not pay with goid; the law prohibit ed it trom doing so, and justified the protesting of one of its hills if it could only pay it with gold! Sil- ver has recently augmented in value, becauxe China and India were importing 15 in considerable quanti- ties to pay for their purchases from the Europeans. Before the discovery of Australie, the importanons and exportations could, as it were, balance each other, but at the present day the amount of the importations being considerably advasced, had oceasioned certain discrepancies in the re ative vaine of gold and silver. They conld not now adopt a gold currency withont covfasing their commervia! relations. 11 was a question that should be maturely considered betore they could think o touching it, Holland had encountered great diffi- culdies when it desired bo re-estublich a uniform cur- vency, and it adopted the si’ver stondard, which had also been recommended at the Monetary Congress of Vienna as the best standard for the coin of Ger- many. France hud adopted the two systems, like Belgium, nw (S32. In England silver was not legal cusreney of the country, for the law of that country reould not altow more than £2 to be paid in silver by one party and at the one time, France would yet be obliged to return to the English system and aiso, perhups, Belgium. Ve, however, believed that Belgiam onght to maintain the silver stendard in order to avoid compromising the puilic weal. ‘The bank bad acted wrong in tarifying gold, which was as merchandise io Lelginm. Jt ought not to have said, “1 do not receive a, for gold than 19fr. o0c.” It should rather lave said, ‘I will take no more god at all.” There was the fault; but the system in itself was not tne fault of the bank. He hoped that ‘he government would not exceed the is- sue of 22,000,000 of treasury bonds, which appeared to him to be amply sufficient ‘o meet the wants of the country. Jt was no doubt necessary to augment che smaller salaries of the employés: bat al the same lume be thought that the government might find out some mesns of providing for that augmentation by a diminution ot the nuwber of functionaries, ani the simplification of the administrative machinery. M. Ropennact said that tte suppression of the fold stancard bad occasioned considerable injury to oe am Tn Flanders the complaints were very rene Mr. Susave observed that the National Bank, since ite establishment, had discounted foreign pre at 1} per cent. at the same time charging the Belgians (per cent diseount. It was quite eviaent that the object of the bank in discouraging gold was to force up itown circulation. It knew that the people could not take either the German florin, the Datch floria, or the English guinea, and it wished to augment the issue of its own paper. M. Dumontiek suid that the greater part of their transactions were with France. Up te the last few years gold was current with them, and at the same value a= in France. Bat all ot a sudaeo there were new mines uiscovered. and gold therefore became conseqnence of the circulation of Frenca They will be soon depreciated. id was, in fact, !ecoming a chime- ra. He w not revert back to the theories of a doulue standard ; for there was scarcely a country in whieh andards did wot exist, vix., one in gold, on Iver ond one in copper. When per- sons endeavor to maintain the contrary, they must t they wee speaking to sivpietons. ‘The silver was quitting certain parts of Karope. There was the Baron Osy—not his honorable col- leagne—Caughter)—but a steamship of that name, by which there was exported from this country late ly 5,000 00Cf. in silver. What would retaaia to main- vain their commercial affairs, the « i peared, and the gold being depre remain to them the bank no system they would be obliged to mately. Ih letting the bridle hang loosely upon the neck of the bank, they bao arrived at the position of having “7,000,000 0f franca of paper in cireula- top. ©, whea the crisis came, and when they were obligta W give cumengy to paper, what would they do? They must have act rency jess cumbrous than silver; and if they had not gold, they mast necessarily bave paper—the bank had d?monéfised the gold. The bank bad a right, if it pleased, to refuse gold: bat be denied that it had aright to soy,“ I will aot take for more than 19fr. ube. thore pfeees of gold which have been taken by my neighbor at the value of 20fc.” And then it would, no doubt, take care to send back by the next opportunity to its neighbor, the same pieces at their leeal value. Their iron, their oils and their cloths were sold to France, and were paid for in French god. What an injustice, then, is done to their industrials by their own benk! There was an abuse of power committed against so- ety generally. He called npon the Minister of Fi- nance to preseat a project of law apon this sabject. If the Munster did not do 40, be (Mr. Damortier) certainly would. ‘The Peon oF Frxancr— The honorable mem- ber was in error in snjppo-ing that there are in‘eve! country two or three standards ct money. In Hol- land there is only one standard —and tee same in re- gard to England. Have we not had exe of the inconvemences arising frow a doable d? The «ame difficulties were produced amongst us from the very saine cause. ft is fo be lamented that the bank had given publierty to the measure which it hae late- ly adopted, berous it was clearly i ht to re- vive or te refuse gold as an article of merchandise; tat that, it seems tome, ie Ove only fault that can be imputed to it. M. Vener for some years it was the silver that Was ©. bject to the great number of flucta- . The ponthly publications of ‘he bauk were not sufficient to furnish precise inforumtion as to ite operations. The accounte of the State should be kept distinet ‘rom the ordinary accounts of the bavk, as wae the coviom in Einglwnd. ff there was one country more than another w.ere credit should be properly enarantesd, in wae Keigiam, Oxy dened that there existed in Bagland but a gold etandsrd. When a proposition had heen be- fore made for the publicati:’ more detailed ac- connte of the bank, M. Frere, then the Minister of Pinus ce, argued thet it was not prudent to make knows Coery month the financial situa'vom of the Sate. M. Mavow contended that the circulation hy means o* paper Was not a symptom of nneasiness, Wot, on the contrary, an indication of progress, for it was the m +t economic system. He was surprised that the State, baving su aecount of 30,000,000 f. shoul’ nttrue @ floating debt of 22,000,000f, The Mixierre or Finan &--It is to preserve the practice. ‘The diecus+on then terminated The Evglioh War or the Lasstan Ralliweys. From ve London Tir os, bee 14) Rowsia ecoms determined © have railways, and there is little donbt that she will hive them. They bave become, indeed, almost a pece ity; she cannot afford to be so nueh bebind the rest of the world as che woold b* without them. Ana military empire she mart have the proper means to transport for her troope. The only question is how this 'x to be dene? Is it to be done at the cost of Rosia hergelf, or is WEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, JANUARY 18, 1857. 1 we ad | she to get a large slice of English capi’al, in the { must constivate a + Bret tontanee, wa contrivution to the uudertaking? ' Hence the question The latter has naturelly select-3 as the most advan- ty geous arrangement, Hf @ preet cable one; aud, oo the principle has there 1 ‘huthorbing is lost by eek been formally stared, a or ipl 3 ith various heures, aud the English capitalist ie io- Vited to invest bis ms ney tu the sobeme, Lave litle tath o in speaking thus plainly * atiempt to inveigie Bogl-h ospital, because atmost at frst sight that sueh a railway Pg a8 ip pew eout luted in Rassia is a kk whivh it strictly avo properly belongs to a go- vorpment to exeente, and not ta private comuany. The eitfeaultes too grea’ fer a private rompany lo rurmount, especialy ou a@ lore so. It be jengs to that class of great and toilsome achieve: rebis and trinwphs of mere lab r which have ploritie@ despotsme in ro many ageso! the world, a) d been appealed to in bi-tory as proofs of what an ubeotute morarchy wh eh had commaud of ail the energy, mental and bodily, of a bate people coald The Russian rat ays must rank with the ‘at wall of China and the pyramids, a8 stupendous vosulis cf neticnal tou. Let us wke as a speomen ay trom Moscow to Theodosia, desoribed in Petersburg correspondent’s letter, ‘Toe length of tois tine is estuated tw the pro- me at 1,556 versts,or more thea @ thousand Snguirh mil Of this length of line, twotitths would pass along the barest steppe of New Russia, totally devoid of trees or even shraba. “Where, in vhis Waste and derert, would be the timber necessary forthe works, or the tuel necessary for the bo :o.n0- tives? Lae hmont, where coals are to be had, ig two hundsed ard ten versts distant from the pearest point the reilway will pass, and 310 be got atonly he steppe.” an English sherehoder might ate himeelf at first ou the fast spas ay any pre was no tunnelbag required in these wide plaing ; but, if nature bas not interrected shese ceserts with mouptuin ridges, she has indeoted thea with deep and broad fissures, whieh will impose much engineering expen-e. The very necessary clement of water, morseover, is scarce ; d the fearjul snowsterms of a Kussian winter, which at ime bury wh-le caravans sravelling over these cesolate regions, will, besides interposing tosur- rountable obstacies irom time to time te the trafiie on the railway when made, greatly impede the son- strvction ef the railaay iteeli This is obviously, ibep, on andertaking far mme suiabie to @ government thap to a private company. The collection, in a comparative!y uninhabited country, of a supply of iabor large enough to surmonnt all these obstacles, and the con- tinua) rein‘orcements which will be necessary to keep up this sapply, wil be an enormoas diifi culty to a foreign company; and when to the hong list of patural obstacles we add the artificial ones which will in’allibiy be mes with from a notoriously corrupt bureancracy, we moy fairly say that the railway acheme is one of which the executi yn should natnreily fali othe Russian government, the ouly power possessed of the resyugees necessary for its compleson. Weaspesk on the sopposition that the work 1s to be executed within a reasonable specitied lime. Of course labor and perseverance may over come any obstacles, if you bave an indefinite amount of time at your command; bot the very natwe of the undertaking, as & mercantile specuiation, a8 well aa a specific clause of the contract, does not allow ths in the present instance. i Whats will be the very first effect of a private com- papy undertaking # task thus above it’ rail wey will certainly not be finished by the #1 time. This failure in the execation of the wiil authorize the interposition of the Russ’ an go- dich will then step in to complete a work which it coahe te nave began, and mill, o! course, it repay itsel! by an embargo upon the guaranteed in- terest of the sharehoid And this brings us to another very material in the Rassian railway project. The wildest dreamer caunot of conrse ex- pect that his interest a3 a shareholder ia Russian rail- ways will ever exceed the 4) percent guarantewd to bim. 1f he does, let him oast bis eye over the map and nuke acalcomationof the proportion of the go tion to the square mile. In the case of the rail- way we hove taken—the one trom Moscow to Theo dovin—‘balf of the length of the whvle line wou'd traverse governments the average population of which, according to the latest data, does not amount were oem s00 ere per Bis pwr league 14) miles Enghsh;"—i. ¢., below roportion of popu- Jation 104 ce in the most ‘oninhanited counties of Wales and Scotland. The whole traflic and travel- ling between St. Petersburg and Moscow, in the very thiek of the late coronation testivities, which brought the two capitals into such intimate junction, I capital laid ure what the obly gave 1 per cent on the origin: oat, and therefore we may con navural interest upon the capital invested io these new lines of railway will be. The shareholders’ goaranteed inteerst, theretore, will remain m perpetuum—at least, for that practical eternity which speculation contemplates—s simple tax upon Rossia, only differng from the interest wpon ordinary loaas in this,—that toe bargain between the two parties, the lender and the Lorrower, will be mach more complicated than in the ordinary c.se of a loan, involving oppor- tunities for complaint and charges of breach of contract on the barrower's part, and with these opportunities of complaint excuses or evad- ing payment. A loan once made is over and done with: the borrowing governm nt cannot ceny that it has received the money, and tnis ac- knowle!gment is all that i# mecessary for making out the right of payment. Unt a railway in a iupning afuir, involving the permanent execution of engsgements, ond where engagem*nis have here is generally room for complaint, real or fictitions. Now, imagine in this state of the case of a war draining Russ finances very would not the sharcholders of Rassian railway the first sufferers from Russian insolvency’ We ob serve that the entire capital invested in Russian reldlways by Russians themselves amounts only to 40,000,000 silver roubles, whereas the estimated cost of the undertoking ix 275,000,000. This does not speak much for the security of the specalation. If Russia wants railways, then, let her pay for them berself; she can make enormons sacrifices ven her military interests require it, as the defence of Selastopol proves; let her rake an equal sacrifice now and draw upon her own means snd resourees. Bot it is ridiculous to expect that _—. capitalists will take this “ pig ina poke” that is now offived them, will take a leap in the dark, and, with th» roarked and most significant silence on the pert of the contractors as to ali ihe difficulties of the seve al proposed lines, in the absence of all reports fom engmeers, and all information on the subject, will commit themselves biindfold into the haacs# uo the Iinesian government. If they are greedy fora new investment they will have one when the wu: i ture of 100,000 ronbles has lowe the Russian funds, bat, without wishing to take ad- vantace of Roesian financial dificnities. they ma fairly decline the offer of paying for Rassian rail- ways to be tmititie Continion and Pha need of the Island of Jn- maica—sugar Cultivation and Stave Labor. Frem the Lopdon Post, leo. 26.) In a memorial recently presented by the West Indian merchants and others to Mr. Lahouchere, Secretary of State for the Colonies, a picture is drawn of the existing condition of Jamaica which demands the most anxious consideration. Tue pic ture is a feartul one, ea we Ree ‘o aay that no one can deny its truthialness. The memorialiste, however, do not rest contented with » gloomy recital of mis'ortones; they state that the inhabitants of the island are themselves doing something for its salva- tion, aud they also offer several excellent sugges- tions for effecting, by the help of the mother cougtry, ea we'l as by local exertions, an amelioration of pre- sent evils. memorialiets inform Mr. Tabouehere that “ the material condition ef the colony is at the lowest possible point short of universal bankruptcy and ruin. Real estate hae no market value, d ng houses are gradually decaying, and money can wit cifficulty be raised, even in return for personal pro- perty. Most of the articles of consu my patie! preguct ere negiceted, el the money patury. jucts are neg! |, Ae) capi- tal or ue country is drained in the absence A of exchange of The industria! condition of the inhabitants is at the lowestebb, and their moral and social condition is not a whit more clevated.” * + . * * * ‘The two principal causes of the prevent deplora- ble condition of Jamaica are the evils engendered vy the former system of alavery, and the sudden abolition of tha: system. This fatter event placed the laboring populatian in a position for which they bad not been prepared, and deprived the soil of their labor to an extent utterly disastrous, ‘Tire low price of fy (with the exception of the last two years) prevailed ever since the reduetion of duty on slave sugar, his nndoubtedly bac a great shore in reducing Jamaica to i's present extremity: still the disastrous condition of the island has been chiefly ind coo ——. caus) — the want of steady, cortinwmns Tavor, The more wpnious island, such us barbador. have not, ake Jamaica and the thinly peopled isiaads, fallen of in their prodvetion of the staples. Not only hos the supply of labor been diminished by the disivelination ‘to work which characterizes the negro population, but likewise by the reduction in the number of the le by the ‘scourge: of small- pox end cholera. mortality from the former disease arose from the neglect of vaccination and the deficiency of medical assietance, which has heen « serions evil since the abolition of sinvery. The m tality from cholera, as official re) s established, was enormously augmented by filth, and the want of the mort’ ordinary hygenical resources. In 1850-61 a filth part of the popu'ation wae attacked with cholera, an it bas been estimated that the con- eequent mortality amounted to fifty thousand. From this combination of causes a dearth of lobor bis arisen, by which the island 1s threatened with uni versal bankruptcy and ruin. Want of labor is the mein cause of the distress, and o supply of Iybor the principal souree of relief. of bigness importance ix, «ditions, without spy payment to the anthor. She ‘oa Drought an action agaio-t them; but the expec- totion ia that rhe will lose ber cane. beo se Capsdian edition is @ reprint, net of the Bagliss but the American " Dred” Her american publish- ers find themeelves underaoid by the Cunsdhun p rates—the New York editi n being seven shilttiags y Feopy and the Canadian only two; and her Fag bch publishers at the tame tite compiato that the Now York issue was po! deferred til they tad had me to supply the Britisn North American pro- Vineer, Sued a sate of things w a diserace to the vuntry in which the obstruction te @ just law arises, Madame Rachel’ dem Vintt to Todias The Calcutta Englishman, «f November 6.a pab- lishes @ letter from @ corresgondent in Paris, dated on 10th of September, which siys:—Mlie Rachel, ‘he actress, bas been ordered to Cairo by her phy- siciaue for the benefls or ber healip. Her friends soy, that if abe should recover, she will very tiely execate @ design which bas been ruygested to her, and which pores es mavy charms in her eyes, whence and by what means is this supply to be ob- tuned? The admission, in 1244, of slave and fre labor ruger ipto our ma ke's, Upon payment of nearly she some duty, geve giest €nevuregement to the shive trade. s gam, the iniquitous system of taking tato the ports of Cuba alt slave ships captured in the Canbdean Bea, aod “apprentiwmg” the Africans fourd on board of them &» Iaborera in the vory iiand for which they were orginally destiaed ax shoves, bas given au advantage to rivals, and hay ost unfairty deprived our West Indian colovies of jstor to which they were entitied. [thas abs» rob- beo the poor creatures #hu have veen seizes of that linerty which treaties bad provided for them, for the servitude of the Cuban apprenters is, to alt intents and purposes, slavery. Tnis moustrous system goes ou unchecked, although our own beantifal Jamaica, witbio sight of Ouba, is pming for waut of lavor Sotting aside any otber conrigerativg, it is only truth to exy that © were more bumase to sppreutioe the liverated Africans in Jamaica, where the British go- veri ment bus @ steff of spectl magistrates to pre- vimt the blacks from being oppressed. Eo- | vamely, to visit Caleutts and other great cities in giud = =has = =«tarown «erery possible = obsta- | our part of the world to give a series of perform. cle ip the way of oer own planters obtain: | ces. The European commanities, she has: been cld, would receive ber with rapturous enthusiasm, he only people really fitted to culsivate the sugar 1@ the native population, it is assumed as 3 matter cone and till the soi) under a berning sun, Weare | | course, that her renown must have reached pot * protectionists;” but we are disposed to think | hem, would, it is expecved, overwhelm her wit? hat there would not at this day have been a single | ‘asbemeres, jewelry and precious stoves. Taat she siave, either in Cuba or Perto Rioo, had England en- | contemplates @ very long absence indeed from Paris conaped emgiation to eur West Indian colonies, | * evident from the fact that her house and furnitae vod for @ very few years protected tree labor trom | /e advertised for sale. Vast sume will be demanded competition with slave labor sugar. or them—infinit+ly more than their intriasic value; It it not yet too late to do wnatis right. Leta | ut they will readily be paid, for such is the pres- low of the splendid gun boats which are now lying | ‘se exercised by 2 povalar actress in these parts, ide in our hagbors be comms¥sioned to cruise round | hat there is always to be found a crowd of wealthy © uba, (vot nscle-sly along the coast of Afriza,) and |} oodles who will give almost anything tor anything jet all the Atrivans im the captured slave slips for a | '! at has belonged to one. Sew years to come be taken mto Jamaios, und onr —, otber colonies requiring leborers, there to serve for | “ardex of the Mate of tme American Snip three years as apprentices, after which persod, if Garnek they desired is, to have free passages nack w their own country. Few, comparatively, would, we think, elect to return to africa; but, even should 1% be therwise, the plan will be productive of great benefits. Our kebor-wanting cclonies will have had a valuable, though temporary, assistance, and the emaneipated slaves will take back to their benigh'ed nation many of the blessings of civilization and ie gpeaes Some, we are aware, believe that there are already enough cf blacks in our West In- dian posession’; but this a mistake—the ex posure to a burning sum required in the culture of ihe sugareane can onjy be endured by the negro race. Enropesn labor is enly available in the interior of Jamaica, in places where the thermometer is reldom above 70 degrees. In such sitnations Eu vopean settlers are mach wanted, and could not fail to prosper. They could there live very com- jortably and prosperously by clearing the forest, splittg staves, making shing.es, raising provisions, and cultivating for expor- tation gipger, arrowroot and very many other mountain productions which are at present utterly neglected. ,The climate of the waole of Jamaica bas undeserveo.y got a bad name. If the salubrivy and fertihty of its magnificent mountain districts were adequately mage known, a considera- ble tide of emigration from this and other coun- tries of Europe could not fail to setin. There is uot in the whole range of the British dominions a field of fairer promise for industrions em:grants, posseseed of only moderate means, tnan the sala- briaus highlands of Jamaica. If goverament were to favor Earopean enngration to Jumaica, great ad- vantages would certainly accrue to the mother coun- try, the colony and the individual cvloniste. What is required is, an organized system of transit for in- ‘ending setilers, a plan for the disposal of the Crown jands on attractive terms, and an eacumbered estates uct to remove obstacles in dealing with abandened vlantations and mountain districts, regarding which both the owners and the mortgagees are at present powerless. The present position of Jamaica is eminently criti- cl, but it is far from hopeless. 1% is hopefal, because she is trying to heip herself, and is therefore entitled to the assistance of the mother country in obtainmg African laborers for the lowlands and Eu- ropean settlers for the highlands. Justice to Jamaica requires help of this description without delay. The interests of the English Crown are, moreover, greatly volved in this question; for, from geographical position, the ly of Jamaica is essential to the power and influence of England, especially when events may ere long occur in Cuba and the United States calculated to produce violent and sweeping political ehanges in the Western hemisphere. Jaterpational C ht Law=—The Pub- Mshers of tne United States, {From the Londen News, Doo 48 | It has been @ common saying for fiye-and-twenty years past, that when the Americans began to feli, on pride or pocket, the absence of an international copyright law, we should obtain the reciprocity treaty we have sought #0 long. This is not, and Lever was, exactly just. The fact is, the greater number of American authors, almost the whole lite- rary class of the United States, and not a few lead- ng statesmen, recognized the injustice, and de- plored the evils of the case, when Mr. Clay brought the subject before the Senate at Wa-hington, nearly ‘wenty years ago. A few newspapers, several pub- hve speakers, and almost all the authors inthe country, ceclared at that time that American literature never pg labor from Africa, although Airicans are ‘[F rom Golensal’s Messenger, 1) 0. 25) A muréer was committed a few days ago on board on American merchant vessel, the Garrick. She war on her voyage from Antwerp to Cardiff, and had put. into the port of Tersneuse (Nethelanda) trom contrary winds. Duriog the passage the mea lad beem very riotous, in consequence of having given way to drink, and ou their reavhiag Terneuse they purchased several crooks of gin, which being oiscovered by the mate he had it turown overboard. Yhis enraged the crew, and when the captain oyderea bis poat to be manned to take him on shore toey refused and went to their bertas, The captain and mate tollowed to force them te ohey orders, wher one of the men aimed a pistol at the captain. The mate seeing the act seized the man by the arm, and in s0 doing received the churge in his own yead. The murderer and an accomp.ice were put in irons, to be delivered up to justice on reaching an Ameriean port. Miscellaneous Foreign Items. sympathies. When Lamartine termed her the “ Asiatic Poland,” he allaied to ber geographical position rather than to her chivalry. She has by turns deceived every Power that has had dealings with her. Nevertheless Persia is an ancient ally of France, and it is evident that, in order to prevent the rupture of the equilibrium of the world, tust Power, similar to the Ottoman empire, must be fortified, and neutralized as far as possible. ‘The sailor belonging to the British steamship Tay, who was washed ashore when thw steamship was wrecked in the Gulf of Mexico, has arrived at Tam- pico, A live fowl was washed ashore from the wreck. The man chased the bird and ate it. This was all tbat he had to support himself for peed three days. When nearly starved to death, two Mexi- cans found him, took him to their homes, and by great care and kindness restored him to health. About three years ago MM. Nicholas Brothers constructed on one of their estates in the forest of Corniment, France, a jerge reservoir for the purpose ot ecpplying. daring the dry ceasons, their extensive wea! establishment in the valley below. This pond was protected by a strong enbankment, with tiood gates. On the 12th vlt,, at night, this embank- ment gave way before the pressure of the water, and 4 mass, estimated at not less than 100,000 cubic metres, rushed ip extreme Ye gl across (orest, rooting up and carrying before it a great num- ber of trees, Siacing other serious damag >. A railway is proposed to be cons'ructed near Lyons, France, on steep gradients, with a view to svoid deep cuttings and embankments, or tunnels, and to test a new system of carriage invented by M. oe civil engineer, for working it. A break laced under the carriage holds on to a third rail when the train steps, but when in motion the which seizes on the rail opens by the effect of the caward movement, and closes with t force the moment the train ceases to go forward. It is stated ‘hat a number of trials of the plan were made by the council ot the ponds et chaussces, and that they sanc- toned the employment of the system. The French Zouaves, who used to entertain their omrades before Sebastop >! with their theatrical re- presentations, having served out their time and re- ceived their discharge, are now performing before the public generally. They have lately been acting sears in the Amphitheatre Segurana, with much lause. A Paris speculator, who has already acquired c'aims ould materially improve in character and quality | ‘9 the title of millionaire, bas hit upon a new kind ull literary property was made secure like other | ©! speculation which he thinks will give him a bet- property. Every eminent author there could tell, | ' F interest for bis money than if he invested it in und was quite ready to tell, how injuriously his | the Credit Mobilier. He has collected together own interests were affected by the prevalence of | |,000,000f. (£40,000), in Napoleons and five franc literary piracy, occasioned by the absence of an in- | Pieces, and is about to exhibit it in ashop on the Soulevards—admittance to view this treasure to be «btained for the small sum of one penny s head. A fow years ago an am of gold, value £16,000, the principal prize in a lottery which became celebrated under the title of lotterie de l'ingot d'or, was ex hibited, and the curiosity to see so large a sum all ma lump was such that policemen had to attend to preserve order among the crowd. The exports from Odessa in the month of October amounted to 3,240,953 silver roubles, and the im to 1,266,786. The principal exports were wi and wool; the principal imports manufactured goods, re- fined sugar, salt, tobacco, wine, and coffee. ‘The increased number of official that came out might be, and was, s.olen, »ooksellers were not to pay for domestic productions. Only the most writers of their country, whose works were sure to sell by tens of ‘housands, could obtain = remmneration at all (ex- cept for the magazine writing of the day); and even the most popular could obtain nothing like their de- sorts. Such was their case when Mr. Clay brought forward his motion. A more serious view of the iwatter was discussed elsewhere than in Con The serious and rapid deterioration in the quality of »merican literature afflicted the best citizens more than the injury to the fortunes of anthors. While ish local magazines paid high, and independent works | mitted by the telegraph in Algeria has led the Go- could hardly be got out except at the cost of the au- SraeeGlderad clegraph a pooaeind to the varions thor, the vast readin, of the United States | ‘onctionuries, reminding them of the principles 0; were supplied from with all the “od inds | Which their coi ‘Ought. to he regulated. of works, while American literature was ‘YX: | Iie recommends them to te h no that travazant, silly and sentimental, in proportion t6 the | re not of an urgent batnre: to. be concise tn thelr «neouragement afforded to that kind of production | (espatches; above all to abstain from giving to over a better. The mos: eminent American authors private messages the privilege of government ones. could obtain no redress by applying to English pab- | "4, ‘rortkish funeral ues been celebrated at Ply- lishers, | English pul npeene a Shag were The deceased was a seaman be- every day by the American “ trade,” could not be wo Moreover, pnblishers were as ready as the American to steal, when their attempts to obtain a treaty = failed. Somebody in England, Scotland or Irelan mouth, Englana. a oy sony inte The now cony into a screw. was vronght on shore on a of Ba, b covered with a flag, followed by the officers, seamen and marines vessel. The grave was carefully dug, ascertain was sure to lay hands on everything issued by an > t a compass in order to its beat in rela- <miited tvoch'an one. "“The Sextet ot | Sante bly “iy Mecca. The oftcatng prot then went into the grave into which the body was lowered coffiniess, The bier was afterwards broken seer of abor ix attack ont with the: keew scent |v? and piled in the grave, and the mond well rod- and unsl rigor of the officials of the Inqui- | “enon remains, t] one pn aad my oe sition in heresy. As for the m: a considerable distance east west, the pro- vous and 1 order ef authors, the original writers b ing water around the of sebool books, were pillaged of « large portion of cage of the grave on their earnings—but too moderate, at It ay The Emperor Francis Joseph, wishing to make pears Te not yeh oven moderated. the pert of Pola, in oy of the \ few weeks ago a letter a in the London | first orde:, (ninety have been already ex- Jooruals, from the sether of es ’“ General French | pended there oe yen) me requested from ond *d exhibits a case so | the Emperor of the 3h an engincer of the first hard aa well fix attention of statesmen on Chaan tet the Gavctien of She dodenae weeks, The both sides Atlantic. Of course, Mr. Spiers has | French government has given Emperor of Aus- had to submit, like all other authors of repnte, to | trin the choice of three of its most distinguished his Lg th and sold, without bene- | engineers. tit to ok. Gea Unies States, He would not | Advices from Milan state Maat none of thew that have com) *0 common @ » | have received a But, of two rival pablishers, one it himaelf | jnstria, had, ap to date, been set at liberty, of getting om eGvastage over, his opponent by Jola and it was believed they would not be until aiter ing well known name with of the an- | the departure of the Emperor. thor; and the Dictionary was actually brought out A reecript hes been issued Naples asthe joint production of Mr. Spiers and another relative to the system to be ted poo person, SS no more desire to obtain Complete lighting of the cask ot Bictiy Ser Jame was put to axvo'her dictionary, which In England experiments bave teen made on Whit- be did not ct Instead of com- ps Ren ieee Se ee ne 11 another ancodote:—An Hag: | rable time engaging attention, Two targets pe gy ey ‘a collection of sacred = nine fogs square, and @ wold block of elm timber three feet thick, were fired at from a distance of ii wnonymouely, beceuse (among other reser") tends | 1,200 ond 2,000'yards, and the revalte exhinited the ‘inal pieces by various friends af f Yay hitanse obtained | extraordinary aeeuracy and of this gun. 1a early copy of the work, threw out many of the | Afier the range had been tested by a few trial shots, new original pieces, substituted some American ones | the timber block, which was only five feet in breadth, was etinck at every rneceeding discharge, and al- tough the weight of the bnilets was only 6 pound, they always either went eniircly through the block, cr lodged within « few inches of the opposite side. ‘The targets were fired ot with shells at the distance of 1,500 yards. The shells were 4 z impact. targeta, «ft various merit, put the compiler’s name into the itle page, and sent copies to England (but no remn- nereten te the author), to andersell the original publisher. We trust that nothing quite so bad as inia contd be done henceforth; but Mrs. Stowe's case, o4 it appers in various publications, shows that no care nt no methods can avail to give security to tally, like the bullets, and exploded i rty, while an in ional copyright | Only one shell failed to take effect upon 5 law is aboou, een - whieh, alter a few shots, were so perforated as to Mra. Stowe's care is now more than one | require repair. court of law in Canada; ond it is to be hoped that the pi and result of the litigation hy 20 watched on both sides of the water as to make this the determining case, ond put an end to the delay whieh keeps the United States out of the circle of international agreement about literary property. | We learn from Athens that the committee formed there for the organization of varions lines of steam ere in those seas, bas at length accepted the cond) tions offered by the Greek government, and modi- fled ite etatnter, ‘The trade of the Belgian bottle manufacturers has for come time past been much increased, owing to the demand for tbeir botties in the English market; Mrs, Stowe came to England to finish “Dred” io ench a way a8 to secure a copyright in Englaud t chapters sere written here; and there is a + q aah. for the English edition, quite difforent fro; | °%¢ lately they have es an at fe Bog [ie American. A= the Knglish copyright law ia | 0d for the purpose of engigia Hires fu binding on al es, there seemed to he no | te makers to work at the menu abont a Cancdian edition. wo publishers in Canada have, however, reprinted the book without leave or license, aug sold large the London Neves says:—Last year a ‘ wn nt Polar drift tee was dive Hed by the winds, ually brought jnto the port of Archangel, ' et where it converted summer int» winter. The same soene took place, [ believe, at Faroe. Some tearsed men with whem [ have con ersed, are of opinion diet the maximum ho» net yer heen reached, thet the quent ty may be indefintel inereased for one or Wore years tO come, nud po-rivly vive rise to very cerions results. I tenk tve phenomeaon in ques- vion shont? be strictly inves wated by some maa ot sclenee who may feel tuclived te acsompany the new 5 explorers The London News 0: 224 ultimo saya:—Consider ing the extent of the demands upon France, in the }.quidatop of which we #uall be called upon to as- sist her with our eayiial, and looking algo to the re- cairemepts of obner Stu'ex, } cluding Turkey and Rassia, there is no ene agement wharever for the Lelief that low rates of mony . ill be astained here. AS Foon a8 the value of money ia our macket de- rcends to # moderate level, the foreigner will be very apxious tw relieve us of @ postion of our surplus. King Leopold, of Belg'vm, writes to his people on the twenty-fifth anniversary of his accession: — i woukd bave wished to huve presented myself in vhe most humble of the communes, and to see myself surrounded by those faithiul pep ations which do rot constitute the lea-t important part of the country to whose happiness [ have dediqated a whole life of solicitade ana devotion. A deputation from tne Aborigines Protection Society recently had an interview with the Bishop of Raperv’s Land, in London, at which they pre- rented to his loréship an address. In his reply he aid:—No one cap feel a wore deep or tively interest nthe fate of the Indian race than myself. My lot }as been cast in their mud, aad the longer T re- ide among them the more are «wy affections drawn ‘owards them. Whi gathered together and brought under the influence of the gospel, it is not wy ression that they diminish. On the con- trary, they are uniformly touni to increase, and I suet they may be preserved from ultimate ex ne’ The London Times of the 16th ultimo observes: — ‘The arrivals from India give us the cold comfort of knowing that we bave uo choice at ali about the Persian expedition; and, dark as our appre- hensions may be, deep as our regrets andou! ly are, we have at leas: no Jonger to make up our min The Liverpool Post of “he 17th nitimo says:—The Prsident, in bis mesvace, had a dubious a radial ee the tariff; but tne Se retary oftne Treasury makes the matter plain. Mr. Guthrie is @ freetrader, but only on the reciprocity princigle, He will relax bad if other natious relux theirs; bat, if mot— De The London Gazette anaoances that the Board of Trade has received @ despatch from her Majesty's? Consul at Madrid, reportivg tvat the —- v- ernment have fixed the import duty on floss sill as follows, viz.:—National tliz, 18 reals per quintal foreign flag, or by haod, 23 reals per quintal; spun or twisted, national flag, 4 reaus 7c. per tb; foreign flag, or by hand, 4 reais 80c. per ib. The Paris Seicle of 24th ult 8a; At times sar- rise is experienced at the humiliating difference ex- g between our pablic tunds and ih eonsols. This inferiority is due to whe inferiority of our bank compared with the Bank of England. When we see the Bank of France exhausted after a war of two years, imposed upon by the dealers in me- tals, taken by surprire and discouraged by 8 crisis which it was ita duty ‘0 anticipate and prevent, restricting to the most nurro# lumi‘s ite advances on railway shares, it is impoxsitie not to recall the first years of this century, aud ‘0 admire the attitade of the Bauk of Engiand during the long period of the ware of the empire, Tu 1834, there appear to have been in Persia eleven millions of Taeabi tants, nine of whom were or bona fide vatives, and two of wandering tribes, consisting of Tarks, Arabs, and Kards. The Persian army has at pre-ent this great drawback, y is doled out most irregularly, and that frequently the equipment and un'forms are allowed to fall into & most wretched cundition, The London Times of 15th ultimo says:—We are content to extract large profit from the consump- tion of articles produced by slave labor, and we are on terms of amity with the United States, who carry on an internal slave trade; but let @ compa- ratively weak nation give the countenance to the trade, or even fail to exercise the utmost rigor and vigor in its repression, and our indignation—we might say our insolence—kaows no bounds. The London Times of 19th ultimo observes:—The revival of the slave trade wouid mean a war of prin- ciple—a war of religion between the ala’ Statea of the North American Union and Not only would the traders nud against them the hand of every civilized man cot a citizen of the North American Union, but in the States themselves they would be in the minority. Men soem fo me is be iin an thay did'is the days len seem to me ing as the; f the first revo wuen the maxim wane tins 8 live to-day, for the axe may fall to-morrow.” Ip very direction the idea appears to prevail that aince 1 0 ope knows what may happen, it is as well to en- joy the utmoet attainable luxury while the means of supplying it still exis ; at the bottom of this feeling is, tomy thinking, the Bourse. The newa- | Spers are gradually getting into the hands of the + reat specu! , and their chief interest lies in their accounts of what passes in the Vivienne; everything seems to be sacrificed v0 of their intelligence. Men of yesterday are living like princes; their new houses are lined with marble, and gilding, and painting and statuary. The London Globe, ot the 19th of December, says: ~Twiee within twenty years Persia has acted on the instigations of Russia, and has undertaken ope- rations well knowing that they would be displeasing to England. The London Chronicle of 16th ult., says:—The amendment which the American it pro- poses to append to the article of & Paria Confe- rence, has presented not only to the Powers who were parties to that article, bat to all other il gi af fe asi : ity i i fi i z 5 | i i F I j 3 i p 4 4 i i : 2% i? Fy F & ‘ i F z 8 : is fy ‘l ie E m1 , their wources is fearfull ) by plundering on the high sees. The I«ndon Post says:—No doubt American ves- vels on the hig® seas could pass from neutral port to neutral port without interference or obstruction; but they © vaid not retarn home until the conclusion ae i i ! A E Fa 1H 7 i Hl | lt i i & 3 : is i ie is é Hi g would be more cos tee the tre interests of the two union * "he La Tyree of 26th vidi, Jondbn a ui pet fo 1 Sabery opus of” Yio good renson why the Bank of seeme 10 should enjoy the excinsive pelrocage of the govern: ment Tay A any other establishment. :—Strip restricted » there By the terms of the federal each cantom of Switzerlend is bound to Sates the army a contingent proportioned (o its population, In of war the aggregate numerical stren, of these contingents is 33,758 men, who form of the firat levy; in thie particular instapee the quota due from *