The New York Herald Newspaper, January 4, 1857, Page 3

SUMNER OM SPAIN. ead yore of George Sumuer on Spain and her pvelutionists, Delivered at the Slerceattle Association, on Tuesday Evovlag, © 30, ) country in the world affords such a striking to modern nations as Spain. But nations, individuals, seem unwilling to take lessons, to ve instruction, to profit by salutary warnings hearken in time to advivers, Perhaps, even dsy, England might have been saved from ondition of pauperism had she taken advantage ¢ lesson to nations which Spain has given to others, but at aa enormous cost to herself, the reasons here stated, aud for many others, is a subject peculiarly adapted for a leeture, fail, if judiciously treated, of exciting interest, and leading the public mind to sound solid reflection, There are many various as- ‘8 or points of view under which Spain may be At one time, and we may say, but re- at allevents, within the infancy of ar aute- ian life, that is,within less than $50 years—-Spain egreutest and the richest of modern nations. u e was more extended than that of any people, her fleets were most numerous, he moat formidable, her soldiers most invinci her manofactures most esteemed. She com ied the world. Her nobles, dignified and hon. ted, Pcie otto their indastry were ‘ m auti demand of the world. All this , mainly, before the discovery of America by . Sumner did full justice to the subject he had for his lecture. He commenced by leading uditors with himself across the Pyrennces into . His description of the aspect of the try andef the appearance of the people, as on the Alameda, at Burgos—the first city of nsequence onthe road to which he carried udience—was so vivid and correct, that we, who een the same journey before, could almost he oureelven transported there again for the e stranger who knows Spain, said Mr. 8., only Tesorded in’ , and by the Ld ‘accounts which he receives of a re, who has come to regard that chronic state of revolution, is curious are its heroes and hat. these ow.whe ‘ Toes on Wi t stage 5 she 7 ee ins sy and q esame. But why this saddening change? What has brought itso low ¢ Is there any hope for ? These were points which Mm Samner pro- to examine in his lecture. * re could hardly be in the whole of polis economy a more interesting i than this: e causes of the declise and fall of Spain. That try affords a wide and large field of observa- for every one who directs his mind to an in- into the causes of the prosperity, or of the of nations and people. It a solution to be d at by an accurate cal consla- from the facts. This , Which is of the priya‘e life and m of living — that is he Cees, psx * people—-is Dot . hay culled “ political economy "’ since ae taken bs more confined and limited ‘sion, as if it were a branch or part cf mere is particularly in political economy that Spain, a loud and 5; ing lesson to onishing how Itde this lesson has been read litical economists, and how useless the warn- has proved to nations. Spain was once the nation we have seen; her people were prosperous people it has been said, uptil the ‘wud silver of Suuth America were into p- From thet moment the commencement of cadence of Spain may be dated. aud masses, is now cause of her in England is the cause of her pau- 08 Popular degradation, But the ex- increase of money in Spain came mines of South America, whereas the Be eave ya in a much execs c Ricca! Sect oee oat Eo for the manufacture of money. gf lexcess bas been different, but that countries is the canse. The cause fs effect is also the same in both ly, the impoverishment of the peony impoverishment, thia poverty of the of people, in which the material rise al y nation consists; for some fow people in a country will never m: rich people, at a e a preat nor eveo a res] le country. bas never been, nor is she to this day, wit her great ond wealthy people. The riches of ke of Medina Sidonia are a# proverbial as of Croesus. England, too, is without her and wealthy people; bat in both countries Fifth avenue gentry are few in number, the le are poor and wretched, and respectable as are—as riches always are--they do not make the 1 countries respectable, nor the governnents i and powerful. When the masses are — they can with difficulty live—when provisions d’ into the bards of the merchants and , are sold out to them at high prices, >. uecless, itself is seen to be almort it © will do «little more than barel; a ¢ living—then is that a people wally abandon industry, which is rend iat by the cupility of the gam! ire it lators who gather and poesess by aggregut all the products of the country. Hence it is fhe people are brought to material ruin when. ie poe of money unnaturally increased ard by Comparatively few, those few can be- asorsof ali the products of a nation, and industry tribetary to them in the prices they , and thus make the people work chiefly for benefit and profit, Industry becomes con Hible when it is no guarantee net want and ly; & people throw it off when it ceases to bo Inerative. In other words, when labor is ill paid will not care to labor; or, which is the same , when labor being we'l paid all its proceed: are wed up by the merchont adventurer who taxes prices every laboring man as much as he pos- in—Afty per cent and even more if he can pet ch. io such a ‘state of any nation industry frauded languishes, and languishing, aoth die, was the action of money in Spain, such is ita h in Ergland. Prices rose us money increased nt. A few had the money, and these natarall, h, care not for prices—they affvet them not; he people who earn their money hy hard .ndus ire ruined in the process of time by the conti- bhery of high, artificia! and unnatoral p 08. money | used to gain will now no longe at it weed to buy; itis no longer, therefore, e money. Ti in England, by the banking is of manulacwring Money, it has Leen pro- in greater excess than it was in Spain by the of South American geld, the only difference fe _natatally nas to this excess § The of England are poorer and more degraded the ple of Spain now are, or ever bare that is, there ia in aniount more pauperisin suffering, more ragged misery among the in Great Britain than there i# or ever bag in Spain, Spain has had no draining off of pulation, ont Hiegland has, And yet England, of the millions of her poor who have come work and bread in America, where they bave it, is still, ws to her masses, the seme 4; 5 beggory and poverty, exceeding that of same canse in beth countries has produted ¢ effect, hut it hae produced it to,a greater in that country where*the cause has had the t expansion and the most extensive action. when pnt in the bands of a fow, by the icture of it by banks, puts the land, and the nd the Tonna‘ectures ofa country, everything + in the handa of a few, and takes them, ia of time, out, of «the thands of \the #many, whom they were distri jated. @Then it is that lle are materially ruined in the matter of well- y, the millions, mast work for people goes a bergivg to the tew for om wi, Invor is ‘at their merey: they can giv- hey pleane; the life of the /peapie is at theie ‘Wey COR Cmmploy OF MOL AR they Plone If mebt in causes of covrse, assisting, tue decanence end mate- tial ruin of Spalo—in other words, the poverty and degradation of by ductions of labor, or to those who nse it to call for Wing--if it were qppioyed by adveaturers or lupg. NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, JANUARY 4, 1857. the thousands of Bingland | others ip taylag-up cora, wheut, flour, 4c, to sell it | the Church. ‘This ew is interesting, end we inay fr fe ks to ] eeain ab of 10 or #0 cent in | add, is new. The reason alleged is, or iatend; fa @ vif they can—in such case the | — probable. & kieg would hardly feet be a positive injury | bimeelfs king if he bad not power over tho lives would le of that coun i id be an absolute, It would be as injury to sum taken to market to perchane «., of the national stock, weuld + any other operation, raise exorbitant- i those and all other commodities whiok pquire daily. Also, such a sum expended in jer supposed, would be an indirect taxa- tion, us stop fora moment to prove this posi- tion before we go furtier. Let it be supposed that eighty papions are iseued by any number of panking sto any number of werchants, at five per . Wherever ‘an ipdi- coun’ avd property of the » Without thas, be would be nothing bare limited monarch, Accordingly, kings in this in Burope are bit- terly hostile to limited monarel and representa- tive governments, and Jeave no efforts ucexercised to reduce all governments to the model of despotism or absolute monarchies. We shouki, however, be rather inclined to suspect that instead of becoming afer wrads, us Mr. Sumner stated, an instrunest of the priest, the two parties, the King end the plicets, conjoint y conspired agaiuat the people and efected its cetablishment together. No doubt the King desired it for the purposes Mr. Sumner stated, bur it is probable he could not effe: without the uid and consent of the priesta. Also, no doubt, the priesta desired it, as & means of estavlishing their power aad of putting down even the breath of oppo- sition or cen: and they too could not effect it withoat the sid and consent of the king. the two parties, therefore, in ali probability couspired togo- ther, as they usually do, avd its ins' nwo may believe was the effect of their mutaal and joint am- bition ana lost of power That aferwards the priests got it all in @) own hands is natural; for bo king te potentate ver assisted them to power without foiling hiwseit under the power be had aioed in promoting. There is yet suother ospect or point of view im which Spain presents a large eld for observation ond reficetion, Iu ages pest Spain has been the countiy of revolutions and the theatre of palitical intrigues and disturbances. These revolutions have indeed Leen abortive convulsions, springing out of little and unworthy causes, baving bad no national Parnes, bor emanating from the united and en- ightened will of the people. Her pohtical agita tious have for the most part boen the effect of foreign intrigues and interiorence. ‘Yet it is chiefly in view ot these dowestic troubles and changes that Epain has of late engaged the public attention, and thereby made ker ¢: nce to be known. Probably but for these little squabbles “and court in- wigues gad. military propunciamentos, Spain would be ag littl krown or heard of among as in this day as the Empire of Morocco. or the kingdom of Abyssinia. . Rumer discuss- ed this rutject in his leetnre in a clear and lucid manner, and in a few sentonces succeeded in giving @ correct ides of the intricate history of I istina and ber troublesome career.” Politically speaking, much was to be learned from Mr. Sum- ner’s lecture. The history of Spain and her great fall, is a copious political lesson; it affords a warn- ing to all nations who are in a condition and dispo- sition to profit by the lessons of the past. How Spain lost her liberties, which, though not the cause of the impoverishment of her people, is the cause why they cannot remedy the evil, was very bappiy explained by Mr. 8. How the House of presentatives of Spain lost its power, though it still for some time remained in pame—how the power and liberties of the people were gradually cut short—what efforts the Executive made to control the Cortes, and how it succeeded — was sbown with great clearness. Mr. Sumner traced some of the important facta of this history frem original documents in the Spanish archives. He showed, by the course of events, that when the representatives of the people allowed themselves to be bullied into an abandonment of their control over the Army bill, the country began to decline, and from thai dsy went down to utter ruin. No sooner had the representatives voted the Army bill, before grievances were redressed, than the king and nobles plunged Spain into a succession of foreign wars, the natural eftects of which were, in the course of time, crime, debt, oppressive taxation, and the downfall of industry. To these causes Mr. Sumner attributes the decadence of Spain, which he sums up as fol- lows:— Virst, the absorption by the Executive branch of the government of the powers of the popularand representative branch, which was consummated by lis obtaining the control over the Amay bill; and secondly, the policy of the court and of the laws, which directly tended to make labor disgraceful; and thirdly, to great, oppressive and unequal taxa- yepture 7 they could buy up all America, is: alweys ready to sell out. N meney manufacturers in England have bought uj England. It and ite peonie, all belongs to them. Even those who are cal tich belong to them, and are their tenants at will, having borrowed | ly 9 their menntnetnred mare aa ro hy ng eir property and houses lands yy the payment of @ rent to the usurers under the name of aterest. This was the ruin of Spain--the increase of a «¢ money. Not its increase in the hands of industry | Cent. ‘Miiis five ‘per cent, amounting to forty thou- by the lnbor and co-extensive productions of in- | 880d do¥ure, falls upon the people, and fs paid ulti- dustry, but its accumulation in the hands of ad- { Diately by them. Now if we assume that the indi- venturers, merchants and others, obtained without | Yiduels to whom this amount of eighty millions labor and industey, and put into circulation without | is disbursed, and who spread — themselves a correspondent increase of goods and commodities. | Or their agents over the country, buying ‘This creation of money without a correspondent | tour, dc., suppose they make only ten per cent on and co-extensive increase of productions, puts it in | their resale ot the commodities purchased to the power of thase who e nothing to become | gain, this eum is also paid by the people in the in- sseseed of al) that rand industry produ creased price, amounting to eighty thousand dollars. oney produced ip this mavner, without producing, | Therefore, speaking in 1ound terms, for tho sake of ceases to be real money, that is, an instrument of ment, the people would be taxed indirectly to exchange. It becomes a power, like Aladdin’s | $¢ aubount of one hundred and twenty law p, which commands the nation.’ At its bidding |’"@Mlars; for it is evident the merchant's J nan by all that the country produces is brought and laid at | B® speculations;and the interest for the money ita feet. Itisa process in whicn one party gives h which he operates, and which he bere to the notbing, but gets everything. It isnot the same | PAvks, is all by the perase in the increased money, the same instrument of exchange which the | Price, and all fulls ‘upon the people, and is so much peepi Pomnoes. For they have given labor, or { $Xation, so much money abstracted from the pro- goods, Xc., in exchange for their money. It is a | Ceeds of their labor and industry. Such is the dif- mere naked power when it is introduced or manu- | ference in the issue or disbursement of large factured without its equivalent in da being | sums. of money by a government aad by #) added at the same time to the consumable stock of | bavking institution. In the | one case it the community, It takes away from that stock, it | employs and pays for labor; in the adds Downing to it, and re, even other Case it takesaway from labor a great part of speculation, it increases the money force of the am- its receipts. It is addition in the one case, bur it is increased stock of and provisions. It is @ | Subtraction in the other. How it this subtrac- power which, like oat lamp, Poy nen Ne Bead ees sn phere of ee is ee 4 e people in this form, and by this means, wi meats ie sc Ra a aad kph iy it calculated, amount to’ a sum almost exceeding w, since ali the products of industry, all the No eredibility. We have shown that the people, ia the food of the nation, thus comes into the hands of prices they pay, pay not only the fortune of the those who ms q lamp—by ator, but also the interest, 3 it is called, or of their money—that is by means of the latap, how | the pean which he gives for the use of the instru- could the lustry of the nation live, but by | ment whereby he operaics. Putting this interest at buying back from them its own products with | five per cent only, though it is more frequently ten the money received.for them? they must buy | oF fifteen, if we estimate the money without goods back their own productions, for ‘those who | oF productions poured into the country, in England, now possess them by eet mney, their lamp, have oy er feo ee eogerhipe ee wre manne oes 0 Be pom hase for interest ouly, without estimating the increase of very same the; from them. TI Possess all : BbPicattecy Get pevteoet ueveay teow erence price paid t9 make, the fortunes of the great opera: millions of doliars. This secret, unobserved, nothing. Therefore the industry of the country , Would amount to ten millions sterling, or imust buy back again its own pralmitembvom those fift, re who haye got them all, by means of unthought of, but tremendous taxation upon lator uctions. But when they go to buy it —this extraction of money from the of the Riowuagy ms received for it, buy | industrious man—of bread from his mouth—is back the of it with the same money. They | enough after afew years to eperenh and ruin any must produce more and sell hat to have moncy to | People, while it poets en: a few. buy back the other half. It isa strange and won- iy A the question, we think it will be derful process. yu the reader that it would be, as we B this process, they who can borrow the won- | observed, al to attribute the impoverishment of derfal Jomp first get all the produce of the | 2 peopleto any expenditures of their goverment, country into their ,and next get back all | howe bi phir mirpom i as ge —— og the means of that expenditure are not obtained by op- Lod So bat ory Ee bY with which } Pression and exaction from the industry or labor of ey first bought it. it ir different when men the people, pave, and expend money which they or their fathers e question, therefore, of the quantity of gold have gotten and by an equivalent given eh silver received ae coum eae 4 bes — "i D government, and expen asit was ” ite > Pig oie beep ett diet hard rs eg immaterial to the question of the decadence of 8 " roduaive lustry they add a hundred thousand | by the irruption and flood of money into her mi Clare worth of useful We have every reason to believe that the statistics for the paney. which he caster of Mr. fanmaniees founded on hisown researches aud es have the money, but they have added id, examinations, are perfectly correct, but it does not to useful stock of the community something for necessarily follow that we believe the records he ex- it. But when, as in the case supposed, p rodactions | amined to be correct, or that the archives of Seville, increase at the same rate as creases, and ths in- the coun! ine like a king, cannot lie or be defective. But even if for all the money circulated there is added an | We #dmit that the documents examined by equivalent of productions, then the relative value | Mr.Svmncr at Seville are complete and accurate, between money and dood, «c., will remain unchang- | abd we have no reason that we know of to call them Then more money will procure more food. | i question, no such conclusions follow as those tuereas ‘by the incresse of money with- | Which have been hastily drawn, namely, that the out an equaland coextensive increase of prodnctioas, pad of money ieleocated: pe i oo ae becomes proportionately scarce © mor “panish possessions was not suflicient to produce poe sbondant, and eae money + rénuired the effects of which all the world is. witness in the to buy even a leas quantity of food. tis, more | condition of the me people, and also that the money and less food. ‘This labor is defrauded, for | U#iversal opinion is in error which has attributed the more it earns the more it has to pay. It is a | Such an effect to this eause principally. The system in which there is much deception, for labor | amount of money introduced into Spain by the seems to be well paid, and the laborer thinks he is | government must have been very amall at any time, weil paid But when he comes to lay out bis money compared with that brought home by adventurers he pays tribute in high prices tothese who have got | aud cthers who flocked to South America at those held of everything by money without prodaction, | times, and returned laden with gold from the scenes saree he gives up his money to add to their wealth | of their adv Spain was fnil of gold. The by Jabor. Se ry 7 gums bebe by en were orto) ah esgere! this increase of money, that f - | fo merchants, an me, nol ie is ol out produchon, Spain bas fallen torwhat shelsvand | an extended ‘banking busibess, but. the. whole England too, and we have in the sof our mind’s | and only substance of the business of eye nations which are hurrying merrily away to the usory. And whether the sharks who sume rnin. Thus Spain affords a pregaant lesson to | PeoP!e and enrich themselves by nations in political economy. bse Oe male comoeene me Frag Buch are some of the views presenting extent, Obtainon loan, at wry, in gol in which Spain may be anne pote hg it would have Leen impossible in one evening's loc- paper, the money with which they are enabled to peviormm ale par eeriching, but time people ie to go at length great questions, | 0's operations, it is e same @ in the resu! po nn A he en ee ted b the re. | The difference ‘is that it is not so easy to carry on 80 the history tate of this wonder- | largely aud extensively such nation-plundering and fF Sumner judiciously labor-rcbbing operations with gold as it is with which would have | Paper, on | age haga pang a copper pl more prolific Pern or Potost and by eons of it these oJ tions ied on in England without and are applied to conceivable thing, it matters not how contemptible, on. on. No doubt Mr. Sumner is correct in his views in thie respect, as far as he goes. To go further, in- deed, wenld hardly have been possible in the course of one lecture, and would have been incompatible with the programme of the topics Mr. S. proposed for his exam mation. They were large enough, and he bandied them with the knowledge and ability of aercholar. We do not for a moment suppose that in the enumeration of the causes he gives, it was his intention to exclude all others. There are, in- deed, many caures which have jointly operated in the work of reducing Spain to a condition, perhaps worse. than if she had been by some great natural convulsion suddenly blotted out from existence for- ever cn the earth, like the vast antediluyian people of old. But of all the causes nnited, the greatest, most certain, most eflective, and which also was the perent of many of the miner helping canses, wes demonstrably, we believe, that to which we bave adverted. ‘Tne bopes of Spain fer the future, as represented by Mr. Sumner, may be comprised snd summed up ia the ‘ollowing: In ber rounicipal organization. Tn her quick witted nts just beginning to have schools for their children. 3. In ber industrial classes, who are now making the meclves felt, and asserting the dignity of labor. 4. in her wormen—against whom every ignorant traveller has aimed his shaft of malice—but who, to & rare degree, porsees grace with dignity, and affec- tion with constancy —-great native talent, patriotism, velf-eacrifice. From what we have ‘already observed, we need not here remark that the reasons given by Mr. Semper as grounds of hope for the revival of Spain, seem to us inefficient and inadequate. Al that Mr. Sumner gives as of} appear to us only 98 reasons for lamentation. It is lamentable that a quick witted peasantry, that an industrious people, that fine and amiable women shonld be so unhappily situated, eo badly governed 80 reduced to the avyss inw the people of _ are plunged. But we am inclined to fear that wit and industry, and heanty, which, no doubt, do adorn the misery of Spain, yet afford very little hope of ever being able to abate that misery or to do more than adorn aad reper it the more to be lamented. Virtue and ma- terial well-being with the working masses, the power of industzy to command with ease and cer. tainty a confortable existence; such is, we believe, the (ira and greatest element in notional prosperit, We ploce virtue along with well-being, becanse with- out) i, the utmost abundance, wealth with- oot ony stint, can never ensure heppiness to any one. Without it, industry iteelf can have no ex tence in a nation, for it is a part of virtue to be in- dustiious. An industrious people are the wealth and glory of auation, and so long as a people are babi- tually industrions,so long are they comparative- nd proportionately virtuous. Both indus- and virtue, however, are undermined destroyed when labor ploudered by the inairect taxation of harpies, who every week make the laborer of every degree apd kind pay to them balf the proceeds of his indus try or his*oil in priees which go to enrich and ag adize the unseen plunderer. When the food of people is thus made an object of gambling, and Jers seize upon it by the instruments they hire bank cownter, passing it from one to the other, till each of them is glutted with fortune at the cost of the pe ~ when these harpies can command the wrens regularly to carry on these operations—ope- retions by whieh they bleed every man, woman and eu. \d in the community, and are literally enriched blood, in beaps upon heaps, extracted from the people—w hen this is done in a nation, and the laws coprpire against the people to sesist in destroying them by creating those establishments whieh, for prof't ont of the epoil, bire out the means of perpe- trating this tuin—no nation, however witty or in- dustrious the people, can long continue industrious and virtuons. So we bave scen it in Spain by the excess of money made of gold—so we see that it is in Englond by an excess of money made of paper. If the wit cf the peasuntry, or the shor of the work ing clasees, or the fine and lovely qualities of the women aorded any hope whotever for the material amelioretion of the conuition of a people, or of help ing them out of general pauperiem and poverty, Ire- Jand onght to be at this dey the richest country and most flourishing people in the whole world. For her ensantry ititeelf, and the very soul of wit and Ke nese: her sons are labor iteelf, embodied in rough fleeh and blood; and —they aro passing cc mmendation for a!) that Wely aud cap: tivating jn Woman. We ore» that, for these reasons, we cannot coneur with i oa for Spain, We give him credit, however, for hoping: it ia a good »ntinve to hope for our fellow creatures. t that it is not possible ferns to do jus- wer in this review. His lecture was altered the nature and character of his lecture, while at the same time he did ample justice to the several topics which he forward. ith the view we have In connection, however, taken of the cause of the decadence of Spain, Mr. Sumner has raised a question which has excited | Which can be some publio sttoution ‘and which well deserves to | Such a be fully canvawed. We think it quite likely that | a long as Mr, Somner is correct in the view he has taken of people te: this su ‘That his statements are faithfully made, sell fou his own examination of the records | from t in the Golden Tower of Seville, we cannot for a mo- | to feece and Ment entertain a doubt. But we must egainst the hasty deductions drawn from Mr. Sum- | Can age’ net's statements which a cotemporary of this city | enoughto has made. | It is rather too fast to siy, as an infer- One aaEES ence from Mr. Suimner’s statements, that the deca- dence of Spain is not to be in any way attributed to | their wits at other the quantines of =e introduced {nto Spain from South America, Mr. Samner himself drew no such inference, and wey. his wiedom in masing the neation open. ur evening cotemporary a, we SE too premature in bis conclusions, when he calls the received opinion a “popular error,’ and @ There is no hietorical dogma which has been more universally acce; than that the decline of civilization in ripg the last three or four centuries, is due to the sudden influx of vast sums of gold from her American jes. Roberteon and Prescott, among eminent historians, and all the — economists from Adaia Smith to our day, with paper. oe ved upon this system, ccas of time, the of a cor legeriemain transferred froin many to ere of labor are made few, but 1 abor are many, their number is increased. The few nok cannot yy the many poor. Their industry is rained. One-half of the nation can ore et employ, and the other half is hardly paid a Ielage price for its labor. The Spaniards were wo proud 4 pad dyad nothing ; by 4 ings) ve taken the fact of this greas influx for granted, | © lucing, and Spain became what she is. | Peo- and, hike the members of the Royal Society over the = us fleeced and robbed can barely live by indas- quiz of King Charles, so keenly estirized by the | try: they soon learn that barely to live is all they author of Hudibras, have proceeded t speculate | CAM hope for by the hardest of labor, and that they upon it without it ever occurring em to ques | ean oopete mary, oF worse methods. without tion the authenticity of the fact f The dogma | bare labor. Thus in festry Is driven into degrada- bas even passed into the classic ry ot our | tion or crime, and gradually perishes in country. to tongue, Cowper having used it in poem on | itwas in Spain; so itis going on rapidly in Emgiand. Charity to illustrate one of his noblest interpreta- Mr. Sumner en ered into some highly interesting tions of the mysterious ways of God to man :— statements oa the subject of the gold intr duced into Of Heaven's mysterioca purposes and wryr Spain Pha government. He abstained from taking God stocd vot, though he seemed to stand, aloof ony politico-economical view of the subject, and we And at {his hour the conqueror foels she proof think wisely. As it was, his matter was abundant, ‘The wealih be won drew down ao (natant curse, but it was jndiciously erranged and connected. More The fretting pingue is ts the public puree, matter would, if introduced, have rendered the can- Tho car k spoil corrotes the ptning State, vasa too crowded and the too confased. Mr. ‘Starved by thas incoirnce their mines create. Samner avoided this too common defect of lecturens; Tt now turns out that in all probability the wealth | be contented himself with stating the results of his which Spain received from her American posses | reeearches on this enbject. Having mentioned sions bas not only ken greatly exaggerated, put | the ostentatious boastings of the Spanish m- that it was incredibly small, and quite insufficiont to | ment, Mr. Sumner adduced proofs, deri from produce any eensiblo ef ct upon the mother coun- | the archives at Seville, of the falsehood of uy.” all that vaunting with which Spain was in the All thot can be seid from Mr. Sumner'’s interesting | habit of frightening all Europe three centuries ago, statements and valuable researches-—and we think it | leading Europe to believe that her supplies of gold is allthat be says himself—is that the quantity of | and silver were inexhaustible. According to Mr. old and silver received by the Spanish government | Summer, all the gold and silver which the govern- rom ita trans-Atlantic ions has beea greatly | ment drew from the conquest of Mexico, and during ex rated. We still think that Roberteon and | thirty years, would, if coined at our mint, produce Prescott, and Adam Smith and popular opinion are | only $502,000—a sum lees than a single week's sup- attributing, mainly aa! chietly—other ba, Seti! from California. his is a surprising statement; but Mr. Sumner is goed # rity in thia matter. But if it be consider- that this sraount ia only such specie as 4 ‘h governinent received in its fi statement, thongh surpnsing, and not prepared to sup , is neither strange nor in- credible. We apprehend that notwithstanding the large smaynt of gold brought from California into United States, if the amount which passes ough the bands of the government were alone ccmpuled, *he amount woul like that of the Spa- nish government, be found to be comparatively significont. Be thie as it may, the subject is ex- tremely interesting, the light Mr. Summer has nd = tend to useful ati et people—to the excess of the cur- | € Teney which originated from the golden acquidtions of South America, We do not think as yet that ic “ trims out,” as said above, that “the weateh which 'd was quite insuil'cient to produce an * upon the mother country.” The wealtl #iich Spain received (we ber pardon of our cotem- porary ine ving his notice to this eimple fact) is quite another thing trom the quantity of apecie received by the government or on government account. We should be deservedly liable to the reprosch of much verdancy and some igmorance, it we were to attri- bute the decadence of Spain or any other people to | thrown upon it is valuable. the wealth received by u mant from foreign | reflection and profitable inves replete with interest and entertain mines. Nor do we think that hoberteun, Prescott, There ate many other questi and was received with marks of or the others, bave ever been guilty of such an ab- | we have adverted to, of great Mr. intredneed, surdity. The expenditures of & government, how- | with Spain and ber present iustrations, some amusing and lively ever large apd even extra » Bever injure a | impessible for Mr. Sumner t enta, ime an anecdotal sketch of veople, on the contrary they are of incalculable wes of t lecture. Such, among others, is the re all however, atrictly pertinent nefit, when the means of such expenditure are | ligio uestion. Oa , as well as on that of ject. and ansovght for. These, while they not derived from oppression, or from mnequal and | politi economy, Mr. Sumner was predentiy si- | helped to il te the olject and ivea in view, and onerous taxation. Let it be supposed that the Ten But how, it may be asked, id it be pos | to give life to the picture portrayed, served at the public treasury isenes in disbursements eighty mil- | sible to discourse of Spain without referring to the | same time o# 4 pleagont relaxation to the gravity of ions of doliars, that any bank or ka | Inquisition? Mr. 8. was not altogether silent oo | the subject, and as enlivening resting places for the my the came mount in discounts, here we | this subject, and etated a curious aad interesting i jave r. > of Sumner two issues or — disvursemente yof a | factin reference to the ‘original establishment of nding remarks large amount, the effect “and operation | thot institution. ) His, viowswns that it owed its ori- esvecially valuable, and — produced a of each one of which are dinpetrically opposije*to |'ginai establishment to political and not to religions | great efect, being listened to with breathless each other. That of the government tende to enrich | motive. «It wos, ‘according to Mr. Sumner's f attention end profound interest. We should certainly siter onr opinion’ if we had ever at any time been led to think that the people of this city are only ready to listen to folly and Joe Miller: ism. Deeply attentive as the audience were through- ont the whole course of this able lecture, the im pression produced sby+Mr. Somper's concluding re- marks was profound avd marked, and ele wie | rerving of the deep and appreciating a on } whica they were listened to, . in view, which he in some measure avstained by histori- cal references, originally contrived by Ferdinand as & financial engine. ‘The constitution of Aragen, observed Mr. &., forbade the king sto confiscate the property of enidodonos, or au This ebeck npon royal lust and cupidity was effectoaily removed by the Inquisition, by meana ‘of which property as 1 88 lite was at the command of Afterwaida it beoume on 1 the country and the people. es \wholly to the employment of labor, directly of eindirectly. * For if it goes to & reat nnmber of empl-ados and pen- Sioners, it is expended by them in the employment of labor. If, however, this sum "of. eighty instead of being distributed in paying for the pro- and Consyme those productions —which ia the same died at bie reside. ? Tor some weeks previous bo had Mr Samper, in concluding, observed teat, oould + reviewing ite awn caroer, epesk would ery out with a voice of werning, bewsre of everything whiok limits the freed m af tioogbt or the treedom of a serve a frte proses; fear lews its occasions! Hoeatious- ness than the e‘erual license for wrong which fol- lows its silence; wateh every invasion of your legia- lative assemblies and their rights, whetlied by stealthy warch of corruption o¢ by epee violence; keep ever in your hands the purse strings, whiok ambitions mers for their own wicked ends will com trive a thounaad devices te draw from you; beware of everything which tends to degrade or depreciate labor and koowledge, the companions of tivecty; and, 28 yon would leave to your children the blessings of peace and security for the future, beware of ali those glittering plona of foreign corquest, which, while bringing to you u norvelessemplve, motionless and wide, create for you a host of chartered libertines, lazy swagee too proad to work if not also ivo ignovant, and therefore the fit tools for schemes | which may secure their advancement, even at the price of those great principles cf justice aud right by which alone individuals can be happy, uations gio- Tivus, and ltbecly durable, The Tstal of Win. S. Luckermes, at Boston | Rowton Daily Agvortiner, dau. °.) | S. Tuckerman for emheyvioment wan | Continued in (ae Muniotpa’ Court yesiorday morning. | Ev cence lor government coniinved — Benjamin 1. Reed collod~ Mr Tacierman handed moa a ith Mr. Hooper, aud asked me to take {tin cond. wd todo ro, Tnever aaw the package i T Roow ite contenty until F beara o the olfer was made to me whem fi ¢ Mr. Hooper caine 20; the pre- | vious pigbt, at Lynn, {that he bad teanve money | of the corporsuon, and eubrequenily be ait be Amd loened It to Or. Morton, and would not be abto wo recaver itin time, be eteted no eum, and mentirnod no other loans te ether parties; reivronce was mado te my being bis bondsmea, anc some talk was hai of my beiag seonred by bis wife's interest ia Dw rai eatate, bat the ition was deciived, nnd { toid him it would bo better to give the oompeny cvorsihing he bad, 1 think thir subject s never imontioned untti the morning that Tockerman met Mr Hooper in my office. He thonght that is was of great importance thub the name of Dr Morton shonid pot be msde enhiie in our- nection with hia aflairs, ex tho cbanoce of that gentloman’s getting bis money from governmoat might be porilled by exposore, ond he requested mo to keap the {nformation in confidence, Ho said that the Secretary of War bad de- termined 10 give Dr. Morton $5 1,00, and the Seoretary of the Interior at Washington, $35,000, end that the matwr ‘War contingent on!7 ou the coetsiov of Mr. Cushing; It is my impression thatwhat was eald by Mr Hooper to tucker map relative to confesrion, In substance and purport war, ‘Wat if be made « clean breast tm respect to the company's affairs, be would ba: chance to escepe any crianoa accusation: Tuckerman waa very much agitated, and ta tears at the time Mr. Hooper talked with him; he never mace “ estimate of the amount of pro- perty be owned, but | underateod it to be $0 000; two ftems eold for $29,000, I never knew Tuckerman to make a loan to any ope of money belonging to the company without orders from tue directors; #o far as I kuow, when be mace a loan it was regularly entered on the company’s book; | have bired money when I was a director and alterwards; but Icannot say that Teawa loan made’ by Mr. Tuckerman to eny other party; Tuck- erman told me, when at i.ynn, that he bad been at Wor- | to advise with Mr. my 01 2’ Bank, whose testimony showed that on 1565, ‘Tuckerman’s account at the bank | ‘drawn by $3,917 62. @. Stimpson, receiving teller of the Merchants’ PBapk. testified to the deporit of $0,000 by Tuckermen on | the 2fth of June, 1405. Mr Samuel Hooper was reeniled, but tostided to no point that bas pot before been presented, except thet he shewed that the Kartern road nover received aay thing iu re payment of Juckerman’s iow tor Morton. Tack erman’s interest in Morton's claim was pow iz the hands | of the company, but its value waa unknown to the witners, Mr. Cooley put in tho by laws of the corporation. show. | ral and Concamt To Nor Worth's excolirnt band will give thelr fourth aceon com Gert at their Dew Pal tus evening. Broa war Ty x Eden Forres: . Powerful charact maken bis devut fa the alter plone. Nimo’s Garnas ~The charming opera entities The Bride of Lemmermoor ' 1s to be periormed by ioe Pram ang Harrison troupe to morrow evening. Mian t Pposis to sive bir admirable version of Laci, Bowary —‘' King John,’ which elicit the hoartiors appieure from packod audiences inst woek, is to be re vated to morrow Digbt, with toe Cap tal farce Grim, Bay end Bradehaw’ Burroy's.—-Mr. Burton tv om activa ond arbitions we over, ar is woll attested by the rounds of appinuse mighty bort’wed by the nomerous frequenters of bie hewnuiub houre ‘Vhe play of “Faectuation”’ wiil be reposted te morrow night Jack's —The amuning plese called A Bashoior of io to be revived to morrow, The very popular er aro of “Hiawatns,’? and excellent eomicaltty of tho “rive | ater’! follows, A freah oxtravagedae entitiod ‘Young to be brought out to Merrow evening, wi Ac. Tiwi be preeeded by the drama of ‘Second Love ”’ Anagican Mogrus —The drains’ form the *Rigb @ and Wrongs of ¥ during the @vrnicg » Woon's Minerams —T jew Yeor Calis” {6 tourd o ent lis withdrawal from ihe bl ., #2 morrow. cs wil to coorrow: 4 On.the opera of “Ls Burs to euant the leading part, 04 be well supported by the iroupe. ‘ Tum Jovamce Gormnians, Who wore lately Mee et the Broad Variotion, are reporie! mak'ng both friends aad money at the Howmet Athe- boum, Boston, > . Mr Finwise was performing at Sacramento, Ouiforam, a when last beard from. lie wea to appear in San Yconedeee in a fow weeks, Mr W J. Fuowevor wos tp for Boston, where ho piase thik wined by the Florence Asaccntion, Poston, —The only noveity of the woek seem) bave been a one sot comedy at the Museum, “My Hus sand’® Mirror? Tue Jornal says, “ine author is Ww Jr., Keq., Of the Saturday Kooning Cae ingenious, avd the aituadions chosen by cate «peculiar taient for the ety ie of com: a bumerour guiso be nas conveyed a substantial morat Mrs Delmaine (Mrs Skerre!) w a lady who bas «prong trom perbing to tho full bloom of a indy of taabiou; ame sithough sne fs pot cepraved, ehe te suiliciently imbaed with the mogerp quality of sptritualiam wnioh soce ae impropriety in ‘siipities.”’ She indulges in extrava- ganoe in drees—vogiects ber household duties, and es- pecially those which pertaio to ber obildren—aad tntoke much more about the oext (ashiovable hop toan she dece about the domestia duties of sewing, daraivg or replacing tugitive ehirt buttons = Sbe constitutes a perfect pictare of that happily scarce portion of the fair nex who are nearly ali iacy and vere Iittle of woman, Mr, Detmalae (Warren) having borne the extravagance and apt- domesticity ot bie wife ae long as bis osture covld tolérate, bus just gone into despair concerm- ing ber cure, whon pis eye {alla on a now notice of “My Wire's Mir * which ls founded on idea that @ wife bas to reform her busband’s social orrore Delmaine.dopis this eys- foiblor by the aseum ices In political ws “Hor eet Milkn Gro Ma ° route oinn a inst WoC: ile we of tbeir counterparts ri foppixbvers in drees, avd other thiugs woich blur the ae peed of nchor, discreet society, tothe vegicct of hin bast ‘nese effairs, and thus belds the mirror up to bis wile thas she may see hor own follies thercin, Mr. Clapp can gafe- y wreath he has ee iu question ‘s the ee- Das entrusted to the public and betb han fivorably recotved. Many will recolleet “john and his Danghter,™ which was otten performed tart season at the Boston then te and always with acceptance, tng the cuties aud functions of the treumwrer, as there Ape. ecified. The District Attorney here stated that tbe case for the goverbment wai clored, excopt that Lo wished to amend the speciiioation of tho indictment so far an to iuciuie the svm loaned by Tuckerman to Mr, Jax, If. Abbost at among bis defaioations, After a brict argument tne Court | in thie matter ruled against tee goveramoat | he | Pome dincutsicn of law points, dir. dure He remarked that which the ecmmonwoatth’s attorney token upon bime: If, bad, by the ruling of tue Cour rendered entirely vacieen, Witacsses bal veen arr upon the stand to prove peeulations extending through & perice of yearr and charged 1 tu tho todict ment, an¢é for which the defendant could not no# be 3 | the fefendant In ihe minds of the jory Mr. B. then pursed toa ennsideratio of the oo the waretment. Th pth count ts not pra the case, The ve at Dank bi'ls wor repre money— except legal tender. Mr. Bolle then wont op to explain the reason why he COmaL ded proof Of the legal existences of the company first tnatanes, and subsequently retracted the do They had Cemanded this becsune thet if the evi ei dent acts of ember siement was admitted, then \hey might plead that tho defendant was bos wi De Sime vi Commesion tuo legal treasurer of thy compony. “ evicenee to show that the money which ts alleged to Lave beep drawn from the Merchants’ Bank by the defendant, felonious invent, was tbe money of the Faaiorn Maul road Company. Therccount does not show this, it |: in | ‘the pame of * Wm. 5. Tuckerman, Treasurer,’’ but itdoce | ‘ar from (unis of what company be wastreasurer It | may have been of this company or any other, for all that | records or any of the oral evidence shows. anot poirt rained was, thal Coin or money te de ment charger in rome counts bark bills, otders gold cotm. and if the government failed to ehow which of the e | bad been the gpbjects of embezzicment, no conviction conld be had, it the jury cannot find in the first evil. | cient or 1@ prove the embexziemeat of gold cue they mast fad bun not guilty upon that count, and so with the count charging the embezzlement of bank bills. ‘The «embezzlement of money in one or the other of tuowe apeciiie forms must be proved bey ond a reasonable doubt. Numerou- authoritics were cited im suppo: position, If the jury find that he ix guilty of embe-to- est of money, ConMAting tn part of billa and in part of coin, thoy must find how much of each, In no case can a jury Ona ® verdict of quilty of ap indotinite charac, The jury must Sud that tbe defendant has emoexslod the ‘whole of the bills or the whole of the coin, or some def bite portion of each or clihur, if they find tho defendant guilty at all, The Court then, at 1 o’clock—¥r Bolies not having concluded bis ad‘trese—took « recers until 2 o'clock. ar. ogy a. he prieoper et her sto! sled the monay. Felt the’ Court interposed, and eaid tat bo shows! hold | tbat the money was ip the posscerion the Corporation, tried, and this could Bave no other eifect than to prejadice | Apciber point wee suggested, that there had beon no | rt of this pro- | Tumapeireia.—-dayroe’s now Music Hall, Philedetphie, \wos ipeugursted on the evening of the 954 wt, by aw grand ecacert, given onder tho direction of W. 1 Groagty, Eq Among the vertormers were a band of seventy vw | mvsiclsos {n part compered o tho Gormanta Society, & ew tenor neined Gievane, Mndawo Valunis, end Signer Rermare! The bal! is 1 Choe ‘ictel [tts capable of accomm Canvoasta —Th in, of bee b mente ta the ety olng of the f a rather low «bb jor'ene Theat tinued oper and a young ‘ | now playirg thors with tolerable susceas, Mi | pew Opera ilovee, borlt on tho alte of the old San F ramets. with tee ed co Hall, wae opened on Saturdey oveping inst Pap Frere!seo ole, and bas bees or vight eines. Mes Dewan Hayne bee | city, apd ie 2x ut to commenre | meat. Sho wa. Wo appear at tue Kotropolitan Theatre om | the 2d inat , but ic was unexpectedif,aecertaiaed that the old lcatee had arnourced herappescrnes ibare hed 0 right loepen the ihenve tte weld thet th Cor tavy of actors at (le American Thea the \etropoltian for two months, merely, iyorder to koop rand rival bense clorely It tn mpioipated jogge ors coming bere wiil taus be reug@Ad Yo mode. of eneagemen - have no op- Portopity of gis} foe UF poceratous p Anagera against cert ] tibée The Avriphi (heater, Suc Franctaco, bas been leased by w Chinese company, who will soon open it for perfor- mances We lear quantity of now end ad just been recetved composed of some ‘The standard Chtoa prodnecd A thea’ rical troupe, comortnin, among otbers, two young giris ol tho age of tou m ely. named Randolph aud Lit Yreke, It is mt Iarg dors from the d for the por merton Browder The Yreka Uni At balf past ten o'clock. 1. M., they proceeded to Praten Hotel a 2 im Up the wirnet vettierr K x i ed in, for the porpoe pe bo transferred to the opened @ eredit of 50 op the ¢tablichment Mr. Tuckerman being an cilcer of the Corporation, and while tp bis possession, it could not be the sub cot of larceny 5 him, but migbt be the subject of embezzie | ) The governm art also prove the frandn- | intent Of the defendant. This was @ potat of fact | mvat dec! pon evideuee of the | For person to convert aa rly to hia wre was no crime, wolone there was frauceient intent. It was not puttictent to prove emberziement that thero is a general deficion sy in the defendant's account’. Mr. Choate bere staicd, and resd ides on tho point, tbat unicas the party using tho funds refuacs to ec count for them wh d op, oF runs away, there inno | evicence of ini exzle. Mr Bolles then propored to Introduce evidence wo ro but torre of the government tertimony. Mr Willow Dehon was cn'ied, and testified that bo bd administrator of the estate of W. 8, Tuckerman's thor. A colloquy bere ensned between the Court and contre! the result of whieh war that thy ness wae re qvesied to stand down, #8 bis cvideace was consitored inecmpetent, George W. Mr. kerm The court men’ jen wh tt tertisied that he hod dealt in stocks for #8 10 1881, ano not sines. to 9 o'clock this moraing. } LSTEREST now Lirerta—The Nationa! In- | felogencer bas the follow ing interesting 'n cilieence from | Morrovia—The Key. Jobm Beye, special sgon' of the American Colonization Boe reeestiy appolatod DErees Of 14) 4 for the suppression Of the slave 10 the soelety from Monrovia, andor date of November, that ‘on the Sih he bad pe M made all preparations for lita, would be on bis wey to the interior F010 report t ceptacie at Robertspert ti delently #0 to semit rei commod'oun roome ef ooe half ot our immigrants, those who were the mow weitened by their attacks of fover. The e‘leet of this rerooval was almost incredible, Wo- from the lower tain House,” were he Puro wit around it, invigorated by breeze, and so cheered up by the int- day they were None hare died since 0 y last report, in which I informed you of the two that we have lost; ono boy from worms, acd a wo man ¥ bo dled & few hours alter the birth of her obil! We bave every reason bo anticipate the ‘wll recovery ant thorough acclimation of the eighty-cigh’ men now at Roberts pert. Mr. Sey. farther vonedty stater that, believt sil ovr public do good thovld be commoner vontnved, it God. be had cause! ibis recent Cle % he appropriately dedicated by re\\iour eer vine which be was pided by the Rev Anthony |) W Dow supertotendeut of the setuemont, and Who bas rv Aided Im Liberia since tae days of A*bmon snola fino the emit! ereti iho next fourteen day® from eye Covigne to explore the Queae tbat tbo matter was of tbe som'r strative authorities, aad that the tot banal could pot entertain \t. The trihuaal gave jude- ment to tatefect Larop |oudon appealed against thw decision, bet the court ¢onirmed it. Tum Law oy Actoxy’ Beverts —{t may be remember- ed that, In Joly le-t, the Trivwnei of Commerce condema- ¢d M. Carvatho, director of the Theatre Lyriqae, to Hermen Leon,’ the theatrics! singer, #2431, B00. sa an indemnity for having Imoroneriy deducted from the receipts of @ bene it which he took at the honse, not onty thealrical 1¢prosenta: ou, bet of the whole of tbe asters Cary aibo appealed sgaivet thie decision to the lwperial Court but too tribunal laid it down that it wae yigut im pripeiple, i ben the cuntom of tbe theatrical protereion to dle telaries from the proceeje o” a vaveilt, and It therefora wly condrmed the bet ordered Carwaihe to pay a fartber sum of to which it held thet Fler. man Leow was entitied, and which kad been ¢vericoned vy the trivomal, AveTes | Oot. 10,0 Mouéay evening the original theatre ©: Melbourne pened under the new tue agemont of the om neat £.0.N Sincine, Sach aa et trae low wae euro «© prove AvooeRatel lo bring ing Ingelher & large proportion ©! the play going pad! > and the resol josiiiied the expectation Every portion of the hones wee well filed por the dress cirole prosentel cowonted bril- Niamey (rom the largo nomber ‘The pertormances t Secley, © youag American actor of great promise, that of Depedet. rw Sinclair's repute at an actress haw ben Ormly iiehed during long profresional eogere- Her voloe is fuil, teh and oll how to ure {t to the bows advaninge = Wo conception of the character very mvoh. though portbly. sho may be thought to infuse into Il « little ico much fienity and tor Ititte of ise of. reaiet ber becoming a prime fa thie theatre. Mr. Sedley very eilleientiy rupported Sinclair in bis character of “ Benedict,” aed con materially (0 the success of the plese, for aithongh the rest of the company were by ao means badly rolsoiet, there We pot cne among thom who could have taxon the part with adeqnate sascers, He is deciied'y one of the * actors who hes visited our stores, aod wi), We in cop) potion with Mra Sinciair, once m a Diagee to this farortio plane of © 6 curtain Mra, Sinclair wee fence After bowing her se mente, lvered sve y appropriate addr: hich: ebe tharkrd thoes preacnt for their attendances, aod re- fretted that cirev:metances had prevonted her beiag abla 10 ake ber sprearance on a lager stage. “ho trusted, bowowrr that by the iotrodection of sever: dremsue merit, t ttle Keown lo Melbourne, ae oe ir rior, and thw to proceed to Bees, nod iow Jersey tract of bigh land east of that pisee, and decide wpor the site and make ready for the company by tbe Jobo Stevenr, destined to foavd the ia. «ror settlement. jiolan of Pennsy!vaota, Rean Pear, © or y ster ow Teesday, (6th ult, veen sane. © Lape. Tranvaript Lee. oh, gee en. ots ‘evmiadle telens for thelr on, that the emalness of the house “pai! not be hindrance te euccees. | NA eday Ja, 3, ot albumicaria, Satut reporte A meng” dangbter ‘of Jace J. aad Grace Radda, jee Bre lares Ge 5 and 4 days. to be Boston atheos um. en "wesecveny, Tre 31, CaaRume Eporeo |, Frare collec:'ng ‘Ne enzTavy aged 64 yoore, of New Yor upwards Of $25, Suddenly, in Brooklyn, on Thursday, Jaa |, corr, aged AB tears, & rative of Girremetr, . 5 Owmue apera plage copy.