The New York Herald Newspaper, February 11, 1856, Page 3

”°NEW YORK HERALD, TAOM 1 vis MONDAY, FEBRUARY Ul, 1866. i i the channels f that river and its commu- Black Sea. The inverests ot Kurope above these arrangements, that some be ootained tha: Russia should no moral and politisal in- rrinctpalities which ber preponderance in has heretoto’e enab.ed her to else; and not, by a constant maritime superiority @ the mean-et supporting by her ficet the nof ber army, and of thus striking a at the heert o that empire of which the Principalities are only the cepen“ent extremities. Even, therefore, os ‘egardy the first two points, the of any advautase: which might be obiained those pcints would pe precarious, so ax the rance of Russis in the Blask Sea was allowed continue. § Bus when toe ci ect bearing of that pre- Ronee, on the great quextiom on which the war bas undertaken is conridered, the refusal of Russia to ef ee if 2 3-4 & ft FE i f i i evi to thet preponderance is @ warni: cannot with sufety die egsrd, and pi Russia is not prepared to l.y aside her cherished ‘views of aggrersion on tuskey; aud it affords » manifes oof that the anxie.y f+': ny the Powers of Europe for ‘the integrity and independence ot the Ottowau empire thas o just and vall nda D. Russia bas asser'ed tha” « regerd for ber dignity pre- cludes her from acce-irg 0 the terms proposed by the allies on the third point But tne ity of Russia sannot require that she sh uld keep up in time of peace, ‘and on the immediate thre-hold of hur weaker neighbor, @ force wholly unmecesary for Veeder of self defence, ‘ut enabling her, at the shortest notice, to subvert the lence of that neighbor, and to the terri- distribution of Eurcpe ’ Yet such is the position ‘which Russia has maintsine: in tue Black Sea, and which she bas oven now pubiicly avowed her determiaation mot fo renounce. It is needless to dwell on the absence of any motive of Self preservation to justify this determination on the of Russia, It would be & mockery to pretend that Bhe bas anything to fear from the hostility of Turkey; and while fark ig at peace and free from threatened attack by Russia, and while the Straits betwoen the Mediterranean the Binck ea are closed except toa small and limited number of ships of war of the West- ern Powers, Russia hus nothing to fear from the naval forces of kogland ana France; while on the other hand, hp prosent state of thivgs in the Black Sea demonstortes thitwhen war exists b tween Russia and Turkey, and cwhen tho Straits are consequently open to all the caval fcrces of the Sultan’s atlier, England aad France, ff sufi- alent time be afforvea bem, can collect in the Kuxine a nayal armament s'rong enough vo sweep from the waters wf that sea every chip bearing the fivg of Russia. Russia hes inceed alleged ‘hat he prepot ico which rhe wishes to maniaie io the Blick Sea is essential for @herecurity cf the furbish empire against the aggres- #ians of other Powers; outit is not fcom the hostility of the Western Powers, but from the traditi mu and, it is pot too much to sey avewea p licy"cf Rusria, that the Turkish empire has aanger to apprehend. The present war has bern uadertaken to provide secu- Aies against thoee ambitious desi cna of Russia whieh me. mace the safety of Ta key and the future repoce of Eu- xxope; and, in short, t» qacte the words of a recent Rus- sian prociamation t» preveut, as far ss Turkey is con- cerned, the ascomplishment of the wikhes and tue views vol Peter, of Catherine, o' Aiexander and of Nicholas. Ths Western Powers, in conjancuen with Austria, ‘Dave considered that thie orj-ct woulu most elfestually ‘be secured by restricting «i bin reasonable bouuds toe power of Russia in tue Biuck sea. Tuey would have pre- » Ferred, as the most certaiu means t> this ena, t! uN wia andthe Porte should both renounce the fat to maintain in the Sea any naval force beyord what amight be required fur the mere pucposes of police; but the Western Powers were willing to scquiesce in the maintenance by Russia of a limited and specified amount ot naval force in the Black Sea, reserving to themselves the right of maintainiug in th 8, on their own part, in that sea a corresps ‘amount of force; re- quiring, aleo, however, as a security for the observance of Buch s stipulation, the furtaer rigat to establish consuls in allthe Hussian por's to toe eastward of the Straits, But the Western Powers, who now hold exe'usive pos- session of the Biack Sea, where the Rusziam flag dares not show itself, hed no {ntertim of pro to Russia conditions derogatory to her dignity: they never pre- ‘tended to assert that Russia shuld be bound to accept as wonsul every individual whom they might think proper ‘te appoint ss such and that she should be precluded from Cong ded usual discretion as te withhol he exequatur from any person agatost whom well found jection could be ratsec. however, hes refused to subscribe to these rea- sonable proporale; and in their place she has offered two schemes of mocification of the treaty of 1841, the practi- cal effect of which would be that, whishever of the two schemes the Western Powers might Scout thoes Powers ‘would be obliged to keeo up perpetually in the vicinity of the Dardanel'es a lo ge naval force propeces, toaet in any contingency which m'ght occur, For, according to cone scheme, Russia ae a that the straits between the Mediterranean and th+ Black Sea should at ali times ‘de open to the ships of war of all nations, and therefore, of course, to ber own Bla’k Sea and Baltis fleets. ‘the effect of this scheme would have been that Con- Stantinople would at all times have been expooed <o all the dangers which might bave arisen from the sudden |@ppearance before that city of aa overwhelming Russian armament, while the tranquillity of the Mediterranean, sand all the great interests in that sea, would have been hable to disturbance by the action of 's powerful Russian fret eallying forth at any moment from the Kuxine, To guard sgainst this double danger the governments ‘of Eng'and and France would have been compelled to maintain in tae Mediterrean war establishments ir the dime of peace, and permanently to station their arma- ments at @ great distance from their arsonals and re- sources; 60 that @ peace concluded on such conditions ‘would have been nothing more than an armed truce di- “vested ot the security which is the essence of peace, and * mnaccompanied by that cestation of expenditure which @ught to follow the :ermivation of a war. According to the otner plan proposed by Ruseia, by ‘which the Straits were to be ciosed, while Russia was to remain at prey. to maintain an untimited naval force in the Biack See, there might st ail times have been in that ees a Russian foree equipped for war, and available for a g@ sudden descent on the capitel of the Turkish empire, nro shows that keopirg the apprehensions of the Porte and giviug constant anxiety to Europe. This seneme wouli have @qually imposed upon the Western Powers the necessity of maintaining in the Meaitorraneau a force sufficient at all times to hasten to the protection of the Turkwh em- pire, at any moment when the V’orte might require ita Mesittance. Her Msjesty’s government would appeal to what passed in the twelfth conference, as rec otued in the protovuls, as evidence to show how well-founde. was the determina- tion of the Western Powers :o muist on the cess: ‘the preponderance of Russia ia the Black Sea, oflering any real security for Turkey aud for Europe against any ulterior demgns on the part of that aggrs- sive Power; for in that ¢ inference the plenipotentiaries of Rursia insisted on substituting, on tne part of Kus- ® mercy moral for a material guarantee of the terrivorial integrity and independence of the Turkish empire, aud teey cefused to be parties to an engagement which the other Powers were prepared to contract, not ovly thet they should themselves respect, Dut also thet they «hoal) cause, aud, in cise of nend, Dy force compel, ihat incependenos and that territorial Antegrity to be respected by others, ‘the refusal of the Russian Plenipotentiaries to acqui- ere Me avy arrang:ment »y which ‘he objects contem- Plated by the third point could be effectually wecnred, ne- Cessarily interrupted the conferences; ard, accordingly, the fourth point cid not come formally under discassiun. ‘The interest which England and France have untiormly taken ia the weifare of tue Christian subjects of the Sul- tan w, however, a suflicieot guarantee as to the epirit in which the two Powers would have entered upon the dis guanion of the fourth poiat; and, though circurastances ‘beyond the control of those Powers closed the door against that di-cussion, it is with no small satisfaction a) have seen that, since the commencement of the war, and since the interference of Russia in Turkish affairs un beep made to cease, the Sultan bas continued to give effect to his bevevolent intentions in favor of his Chris- tian subjects, whose condition hax «flate been metorfall; imy by ihe wise and spoutanouus action of thet own novereizu. ed Heannct, however, wholly pass over an observation which feli from the Russian Plenipotentiary, and which s recorded in the protocol of the eighth conference, that @e question involved in the fourth puint was one of con- @erience and not of policy. It would, indeed. have been fortunate for Hurope ifthis lea of conscience had not been used as an instrumen: for ving tho political independence of Turkey. By the treaty of Kainardji, it if provided that the Sul- ‘tan sball protect the Christian religion and fts churches; end it was w @ complete misinterpretation ot this treaty, hat without oven an allegation that its stipula- ‘tions bad been violated, that Kusais elsimed a right of interference between the Sultan and 10,000,000 of the Sultan's christian subjects. If the claim had been yield- ed to, and it a great wrong had thus been perpetrated, whe authority ot the Sultan within his own dominions ‘would, in a great degree, have byen transferred foreign Power, and an important step would have ‘taken towards the overthrow of the Turkish hoy nd the establishment of Russian bag grr on its Europe, then, is indevted to the timely and energetic Anterference of the Western Powers for its preservation from tho disastrous consequences with which such a satastrophe rust inevitably nave been followed. The Conferences ot Vienna sro now closed, under eir- Gumstances which preclude ali speculation as to the period at which negotiations for oe may, with aay of suscoss, be renewed. But when that period happlly arrive her y's government will stea- ily keep in view the principles which havo guided them @hroughout the past negotiations; and while seeking to provice for the rconri y, the welfare and. the happiness fof the people of Wallachia, Moldavia and Servia, and to Ansure the removal of the obstructions which have ren- = won naglock ae Danube dificuit and Pe oa jour, they wi lect no means of obtaini tho Tarkieh ‘ermpire, and far Europe nt latge, suflelent guarantees against the recurrence of the d r ds the object of the present war to avert. soe ahs In the neauwhile, hor Majesty's government have ree- fon to expect that the Sultan will make beral aud effectual provisions for the privileges and intorosts of all hia Christian eubjocts. You are authorized to rend this despateh to the Minig- ter for Forowgn Aifairs of the court to which you are accredited. . 1 am, &c., CLARENDON. RUSSIA'S REPLY TO THE GERMAN POWERS. At the tame time, Tussin, ina note in reply to diplo- goatie approaches from the German Powers, defined hor Qorition still more clearly, and explained the grounds of hier refuxnl to come to terms ;— The deapateh of Count Nesselrode revorred, in the Mrat pince, fo nasetiecians whieh have taken place since the usteo- Bussia, it bas assented to the greatest part of the conctssions |, so'ely out of to the inte- rests ot Austria and Prussia. In @ to the evecas tion of the Priacipalites ahe bas atandoned her military ition in Tarkey fn Ei which permits ser enemies ‘ompley thetr forces against Me in Asia, and upea the territory of Ruseia. She hos Bet ont foe wend any ree'p. rocal claim; she bas been content mith ex; views she eptertelced whem Austria indisated the gueran- tees whi of, 90 her side, ussie, give to ber the assurance of an armistice, but she did de- sive to know beforeband if, wou'd of weuld not separate her- pvse of homideting Russia. Further, Russia hes declared herself willing o~ tiate upon the insta of the prosecol pt Vienna ofthe Oth of Aprtt. Austria baa not made any direct reply to Russia in re- lation to ihere tions; but she imunediately ad- Greased herself to the whom made her decision to de} although i: could not be ox- pected that they would be. ready'vo enter upon the path of copcilation, seeing that they have allied thems ves together in onder to enfeedle Russix by a prolonged war. ‘This bas been confirmed by commucicstions made by the Austrian Ambassador to the Cabinet of St. Peters. burg—that is to say, ey the Austrian note of the 10th of August. The conditions required by the Western Powers are un- acceptaole in so pret to their substance ( (cur), as well asin form, principslly vecause thut, according to the avewal of the French government itsel?, wnat they exac: vith the ostenat-le pur; of maintaining the Kuro peas equilibrium 1 not! t o Roesianm marine and the power of Russia in the B ack Bea. Austria, in recommending these condi‘ions, has added that the Western Powers have still rese-ved the right to make others, wo1ch renders ic perfootiy useless to subtait them to @ detsite’ examination. Be.ides, oven if they shou d not be changed, their acceptation would lead it 0 be supposed that Rusms is reduced by war to tho last de- free ofexhsu-tion. Although the Emperor haa adhéred to the principles enunciated in the protocol of Vienoa, he cannot the meaning of {t as much as others have done, because the immense sacrifices which Rusala hes made in theinteres.s of Austria and Prussia would re main without any compensation. In the piece of dnting in those comoesrions @ motive for redeeming those oliga- ticns, puspinibes drawn closer its alliance with the ene- the Emperor infinitely regrets that he to accept the Isst overtures wade oy He e nside:s tuat he has made every concession compatible wi h the honor of Russia, and, as he bas not witharawn azy of thee advi it only remains for him to do the same as his that 15, te ty ho eventualines ef war in order te arrive at some solid of nigotiations for pesce. ‘The Ewperor has di ected his General-in-Chief to re- pase the Pruih with his troops from strategis motives, and Rusria will keep herself upom the defoarive withia ber frcatiers, until more equitable conditions are offered tober, The Emperor, on his gide, will avoid increasing the o mplications of the war, but he will repel with the grearest cnergy all attacks him, from whatever quarter they may proceed. THE PEACE PROPOSITIONS. In Augast, 1864, Austria, as mediator, proposed tho following terms as @ basin of negotiation :— TBE FOUR GUARANTEES. In order more exact!y to define the sense which their governments attach vo each of the principles contaiued in the four articles, but rererving to themselves as toey beve always cone, the right of making such other special covoitions #8 way, 10 addition to the four guarantees, be by them deemed ‘necessary for the genorel interes: of Europe, and tor preventing the recurrence of the present complications, ae repretentatives ot Ausiria, France, aud Great Britain do declare :— 1. Ther governments, being of accord that it is neces- sary to abolish toe exclusive protectorate exercised by Russia over Moldavia, Wallachia end Servis, and tn fu- ture io place under collective guarantee of the five Powers the privileges sesured by tne Sultans tc those provinces, as dependencies of their empire, have agreed 84 do agree tha none of the former treaties between Russie aid the Porte, searing reference to the suid pro- viucea can be in force when peace ia conciudec, and thas the arrangements to be made in respect to them ehalt ultimately be such as to be in full and entire acoordanes with the rights of the enzerain Power, with those of tae cae Principailties, and with the genoral in:erests of Europe, %. tn order 10 give to the free navigation of the Danube ail the Cevelopement of w rich it is capable, it. would be proper (comvenable) that the Lower Danube, beginning trom the point at which it becomes common to the two States bordering on it, should no longer be subjected to the territorial jurisdiction which exists in virtue of the third article of the Treaty of Adcianople. At all events, the free navigation of the Danube would not be secured unless it should be placed under the control of a ‘' syndi- cal’ suthority inv sted with the necessary powers for destroying the obatacles now existing at the mouths of the river, or such as may subsequently be formed there. 8, The object of the revision of the treaty of July 13, 1841, should be more completely to attach the existoane ot the Ottoman empire to European balance of power, and to put an end to the pre; jerance of Russia in the Nact Sea, The arrangements to be mado in this matter depend too immediatety on the events of the war for their bases to be settled at present. It is sufficient to have indicated the principle. 4. Russia, by renouncing the preteasion to erercise an officis! protectorate over the Christian subjects of the Sultan who belong to the Oriental courch, as a matter of course renounces the ‘-revivification’”’ of any of the conditions of former treaties, and particularly of the treaty of Koustobouk Kainardje, the erroneous inter- pretation of which bas been the principal cause of the present war. While assisting each other to obtain from. Ottoman government, of ita own free he the confir- estern Powers, apm mation and observance of the religious priv! of the different Chris\ian communities, witnout distinction of sect, and while mutually tating advantege in the inter- est ‘of the said communities, of the generous intentions manifested respecting them ‘by his Majesty the Sultan, they (the Powers) will take the greatest care to preserve the diguity of his Higness and the indopenionce of his wo intact, RUSSIAN PROPOSITIONS. The above declined by Russia, the Russian plenipoton- tiaries at Vienne, proposed the following in their place:— 1. Abolition of the exclutive protectorate ef Russia in Moldavia and Wallachia, the privileges recognized to these provinces by the Sultan beiog placed under the guarantees of tho five Powers 2. Fee bo | re of the Danube, according to the Principles established by the acts of the Congress of Vi- evna, in tho article on uvial communications. Control of a mixed commission, which woula be invested with the necessary powers to destroy the obstacles existing at {ts mouths, or which might at » later period be formed there. %. Revision of the treaty of the 10th July, 1841, to at- tach more completely the existence of the 0:toman Km- pire to the balaace of Karope, Ido mot refuse to come toan understanding in formal conferences for peace, on the means which the three courts may propose to put an end to what Mey call the preponderance of Russia in the Black Sea, om ‘condition that, in the choice of thors maces, ele nut onc of a nature to infringe upon the rights of reignty of my august master on his own lerritory. 4, A collvetive guarantee of the tive Vowers (substi- tuted for the exclusive patronage possessed hitherto by &-me of thew) for the consecration and observance af the religious privileges of the oiffereat Christian communi- tex, without distincti»n of fo m of worship on coadition that the realization of the solemn promives made {o the face of the world, y the great Christian Powers shall be a sg:fous aod conscleatious work, and that tue protec- tion promised shall be efficacious, and act a vain word. In the course of the devate at Vienoa, bowever, the Russ#an plenipotentiaries abandoned the first two of there points, and adopted the original propositions of Aurtria, As they adhored firmly to the third and tourth the conferences broke up, as already meationed in tho diplomatic notes, AUSTRIA’S LAST PROPOSITIONS. {Tho} next [step was the tender of new propositions by Austria through the Count Valentine Ksterhazy, in the month of January last. They are as follows:— I—DANUBIAN PRINCIPALITIES. Complete abolition of the Russian protectorate. The Danubian Principalitier shall receive an organization con- formable to their wishes, to their wanta, to their iater- ests; and thix new organization, respecting which the population itself will be consulted, hail he recognized by the contracting Powers, and sanctioned by the Sultan as ersanating from his sovereign initiative. No State shall be able, under any pretext whatever, under ny form of protectorate, to interfere in the question of the interoal adwinistration of the Principalities; they shall adopt a Cefinitive permncent «ystem, demanded by their geo- Le ee ition, und no impediment can be made to 1 fortifying, in the interest of their safety, in such manner as they LA deem advisable, their territory st fo: lon. In exchange for tae atrong places and territories oscu- pled by the allied armies, Russia convents tea restifi- cation of her frontier with Turkey in Europe, It would commence in tho vicinity of Chotym, follow the line of the mountains, which extend in a southeasterly direc- tion, and terminate at Lake Sasi. The line (trace) shall be definitively regwiated by the treaty, and the conceded territory would return to the Principalities and to the suzorainty of the Porte. 11.—DARUBE. The freedom of the Danube and its mouths shall be eflicaciously assured by European institutions, in which thr contractiug Powors shall be equally represented, ox- cept the particular tons of the lords of the soil on the banke (des 7 ), which shall be regulated upon the principles established by the act of the of Vienna as regards the na’ ion of rivers. Fach of the contracting Powers «hail have the right to keep one or two small vessels stationed at the mouths of the river, destined to axsure the execution of the regulations rela- tive to the freedom of the Danube. I11.—NEUTRALIZATION OF THE BLACK SBA. This sea shall be open to merchant veusels—slosed to ‘war navies (marines miliiaircs). Consequently no naval military arsenals shall be created or maintained there, The protection of the commercial and maritime interests of nations shall be arsured in the respec'ive ports of the Black Sew, by the establishment of institutions con- fortpable to international law, and to the customs ranc tioned in such matters. The two lowors which hold the const engage themselves to maintain only the number of light vessels of a fixed foree, neccesary for their const service. This convention, concluded separately between these two Powers, shall form part a4 an annex of the general treaty after receiving the approval cf the coa- uncting parties. This separate convention cannot be annulled or modified without the consent of tae signi- taries of the general treaty. The closing of the Straits will admit the exception applicable to the stationrry vea- sels mentioned in the preceding article. 1V.—CHRISTIAN SUBJEOTS OF THE PORTA. The immurittes of the Rayah subjects of the Porte shall be religiously preserved, without infringement on less than the cestruction o * bo fo ge Rey ohanngy prema ae Great Brt‘ain, and the suolime Porto te eure ti the Chris tam subjects of the Sultan their religivus: and poli- ticat ta, Russia shall be invited, when peace is made, Wo asrociate herve thereto. wn ¥. 1 ‘The belligerent Powers reserve to themadwes the ‘which appertayns to them of preducing in a Eurorean tn fereat, upecias conditions ovr and above the four guaraates, THE CZAR'S REFUSAL TO ACCEPT THE PROPOSALS, ‘The Car's first impulse, as it seems, was to reject them, This ia the statement of that well informed paper the London Post on January 24. it eay-:— We can etate with c. atidence that the Kusvien reply to tae Au-trise wiimatum has boom receryei at Vienna. Russia rejrote the secona clause of tue tiret Pruposal, vig.: ihe “rectification of her fromuer wi-k Turkey."’ BLe a 50 1+ Jeo 4 the fh pe ay aon right ot uCInG special conditi nx te lugerea’ eae eno in virtce of whieh they woe demand the orgegtu cat Lot to rebailo Bomarsuna, usele accepta tne est of the whamatum, ioc'uling the peuraiizadon of the Ilack Bea, wiih aome ae ovtions. Ix exebange for the strong p aces and territeries occu- itd by the alies, Kussia propnaes to restere te the Porte srs avd tbe ter:iories sug has wn from Turkey ta Avia ip the iy Ore tard tema ke belive that Austris beeps her faith with us, and will net receive this counter pr tion. Austria, however, gives the Carine. of 3s, Vetemou the benef: of che ume bo had already allowed, sa: herrtane Balt bas til pte ater hori terbscy acceptance or tr, eotdon, ube Ovmdie farms, Of the Austrian uittmatum 1, Thupetaittstuve, or if at det date sbataas not accepted the Avatrian ulsimasm © ot simple,” Veaut Eaterhazy hes inétruciions te «ithdraw trom St Petersburg. On second thoughts, however, as the public is awere, the Crar ecoepted thease propositions ase pasis of nego u- etion. ANIMUS OF THE BELLIGERENT S0VE- REIGNS. ‘ THH CZAR ALBXANDHR, On bis accession, sued tre foliowing manifesto, to ex- plsin bis purpoces and policy:— J By the graceof God, we, Alexander I¥., Emperor and Aursorat of all the fi ins, King of Potsad, &s., & “ Te Leaf mh bead thos ow Nye Og - tt baw plew the ipseratal loaigus, 0 infil: « us ale law a6 terrible as it was unexpoct- eo. Afer ¢ sbert bat rerious tloess, whiok, during tne lest few daye cescloped nget witn pbrenaing uy, our wel beloves nw | Emperor Nicholas Pauio- viteh, diec trey (2d Barch). fo words oan expres our grief, whicu wil be a.so that of aul our feithful sur jeot. We, submitting with retignation to the imponotra- ble views of Uivine Provi.emes, amly seca for aousola- tim in it and only look to és alowe fer the «ireng’ b pecesssry to support the load which has now teen imposed on us. in the same way ma the ‘Weil bel.wed parent, whoro lose we deni re, devoted a. bis effuris and every moment of bis ite to the iadore and cares caled for by the wefare st hix aurjocts, we also, ot tris paintul but +e 1008 and solewm wm meut, fe sscending our bereditury throne of the empire of Kussa, a# weil aot the kingaom of Poland aad of the gra duchy offFinland, which sre inceparable fram it, take, ia the foow cf the invisivle God, always proseat at ouc st 9, the solemn engsgement to never have apy other object in view than we prosperity of our coun‘ry. May Provi- dence, which has caled us to this high mienon, geaat thes, through its guicance and protection, we tues ¢ rolidgte Rusria to the highest degree of powe: and glo and that by us may be accomplished the views and di tires ot our iliustii us predecessore, Peter, Catha io Alexander the woil-beloved, and our august iather of im- perfshable memory. By their tried esl, by their prayers united with our own before the altars of the Moet gh our oeloved nub- jecs will ccme to our aid. We inviw tbem to dy au, ordcrirg them at the sumo time to 1ake the vatt of tideli- ty tous, os well as to cur heir, his Imporial Highness tho Cesateviteh, Grand Dake Nicho.as Alcxandre' Nob. Gvem at St. Petersburgh, this 2d day of March, 65, and the first ot our reign. ALFXANDE! OFFIOIAL EXPOSITION OF ALEXANDER'S VIEW. This was further explained in » diplomaiic cirow'a: of Seseelrode’s at the same time :— Sr Pwrsesovra, Feb, 26, 1855. My despatch ofthe 18th of February will have informed you of the accession to the tarome of H. M. Alexander iI, T hed, at the came time, the honor of transmitdng the imperial manifeate published on the first day of te reign of our sugust sovereign. ‘This document expresses the profound convistien with which H, M- ropoguloes the importance of the dutées he is called uyon to fultil, . 4 ‘These duties are imposed upen hit by Divine Provi- dence in the midst of events weil calculated to test the greatness of bia courage. andonding che throne of his the Emperor finds Rusa engaged in 2 struggle auch as the annals of ‘Ker history bave mever befure pro- senied at the commencement of s new re.gn. Our august sovereign, in full confidence on ‘he Almighty, accepts this trial with a sentiment of reliance inspired by the unshaken devotedness of bis je, and with the re- iigious respect due to the memory cf his venerated father. ‘With filial piety, he accepts as a part of his inheritance two duties, both eq eaered in bis eyes, ‘Tbe first requires that bis Majesty should dispose of the entire force which it has pleased the Divine will to lace in his bends for tho dotence of the integcity and Kot of oa that bis Majesty should. apply aecon: wires 6 Majes p) himself Pereveriuely to th ‘accomplisbaiont of & yen 5 the basis cf which had already reoclved tho sanction of --the Emperor Nicholsa. Faithful to the idea which prevailed throughout the latter wishes of bis august. father, the Emperor haa re- newed the full powers of and confirmed the instrustions forwarded to the Russian plenipotentiaries as far back as the month ot December last, the epoch designed for open- irg the conference at Vienna. sy this course, the intentions of the Emporer Nicholas will be conscientious!y observed. His object having been— To render ths blessings of peace to Russia and to Eu- Tope. BS vecure tus liberty of wership and the prosperity of tke Christian population in the Last, without diatizetion of the ritual professed. To place the rights of the Priccipalities under a collec- tive guarantee, To insure the free navigation of the Danube in favor of the commerce of all nations. To terminatefthe rivalries of the great Powors in tho Fast in order te prevent @ repeiitioa of tresh complica- tions, and Fipatig, to arrange with the said Powers for revisiag the treaty by which they acknowledged tho principle of clo-tng the Dardanelles and the Bosphorus, #0 as to arrive xt & trapeaction honorable alike to all parties. A peace founded op such baves, by putting an end to the calamities of war, would cali dowa on the new rago the benediction of all nations. Russia, however, 1# profoundly seasible, acd all Eurepe will acknowledge that any hopes for the re-extablishiaent of peace must be vain should the conditions to be negoti* ated excved thore just boundaries withiu which the sou- timent of the dignity of the crown baa irrevocably con- finea the resolutions of our augwst covereign. ‘bo Gmperor willcalmly awett the manifestation’ of the weding views of those cxbinets whose duty itis, in conoert with Runria, to :esocve a question fraug the xeneral interests of Christenlom. Our augus arch awaits this serious dekveration in # sin ere opicit of concord. 7 Such are the views which J expresa to you fa thouimo and by order of H. M. ‘The general wstructiona you bave reccived will prescribe the patb you are to fotlow ax to any direot or ipdirect communication with the g »vern- nent to which you are accredited. The Emperor, on contirming you in the post which you received through the good will of his august father, re- lea on your zeal and tidelity, Tt ie bis futoution the! you testify on thts occasion, both by your conduct and language, the loyalty with which ‘Russia ooserves the ob! igation arising from the faith of treaties, her constent desire to hve on an amica- bie tooting with all friendly and allied Powers, and finally her reapect for the mviolability of the rights of evory State, as also her firm resolution to maintain and cause to de respected those rights which Divine Providence has conti¢ed to the kinperor, by making him the guardian and protector of the natfonal honor of his country You arc invited to acquaint the government where you have had the honor to represent the Emoercr Nicholas, of glorious and venerated memory, with tho present de- spateb. NESSELRUDE. TRE EMPEROR NAPOLRON exprested bis views in the following speech at the clove ot the aris Exbibition:-— Mite atste Lit qi s ke close offers a grand 5) le to the world. Daring a se- rious war, from all ponte of the universe the meu most distinguished in +cienoes, arte and industry have tloeked to Paria to exhibit their ‘productions, Tnat concourre, under such circumstances, is owing, 1 trust, to that ge- neral conviction that the war thus undertaren only me- peced thove who had provoked it, that it was prosecuted in the interest of all, and that Europe, so far from reeing in itadanger for the (uture, considers it rather aa a Ratecce Crrerencense and security. Nevertheless, at b the sight of so many wonders exposed befure our ‘eyes, the first impression felt is a desire for peace. Peace, alone, in fact, can develope atil] more remarkable prodac- tions of human intelligence. You must accordingly all desire, aa I do, the speedy conclusion of = durable pease. But {m order to be durable it must @istine'ly solve the question whieh caused tho war to be undortal That it may be Hly concluded Europe must declare itself, for without the pressure of general opinion between great Powers threaten to be om the contrary, if Hurope once det who ta réphe and who te wrong, it will be a great elep mate tnoards the solulion. At the present lod of civilina- tion the successon of armiev, however brilliant they may be, are only temporary, and it ix delinitively public opwion that always gains the last vietory.. You, then, who al! believe that the progress of the culture, im- dustry and commerce of one nation con:rituies to the welfare of all the others, and that the more mutual re- lations are multiptied, the more mational preyadices tend to disappear, tell your fellow cittxens on your return to your country that France bas no hatred for any oation, ‘and that che sympathiven with all thoxe who wish, na abe does, for the triumph of right and justice, Teil them that, ff they desire pence, they must openly ex- press wiehes either for or ogaumst us, for amid » grave European eontlict indifference is a bad calculation and silenee an error. As for us, who are allied for the triumph of & great cause, let us manufacture arms vithout any abatement of our industry or labor—tet us de great by the arts of peace aa we are by those of war— let us be strong by our union and place our confidence, in God, that we may overcome the difficulties of the pre- sent and the chances of futurity. NAPOLEONIC VIEWS OF AUSTRIA. A further stream ot Nght was theown on the feelings o the Emperor by the famous pamphlet published at Brus- sola by # general officer, who in popularly supposed to b Pom rutn, une setiod THE PRIVATE WISHES OF THE EMPEROR the Fesperor’s cousia and heir, Tho language used ic}; the Fenpproe.. It may, therefore, be regarded os faith- the pewphiot was:— bere were a ne'ion on whose cfficasious asvistance, or on whore complete neutralty, at least, I sels eve @ right to reomon, it was eoriainly the A' nation ‘The Cear might well. without too muh presumption, be i. ve tat tb» chiet of tast empire which be hid saved ite abekoa frepteties, bad prererved cho wemary of ‘he tumunense services seuderen, @1¢ woulo never turn egeinbt [chat eword which, but fer bim, would buve been inevitably shattered by the revolution, In the councila of ‘he young Kmyeror, @twtituce -hou d heve had ¢ placeand ea vides. The ovm- cuct of tne Austrian Cab net was bexdes, reatly euch 06 © versent these expectath ns. Its incecisive pul'cy piciging the future, and tried ‘o impede the eure oO" the prewnt bye sysiem of in‘elnite agree mevts Therc was at Vieuns en inotssant wo'kat n tes, Of protoccla, of propositions, of pecific roluti me, wh eb bed cply «we chj-ct nume'y, t gau ume and Ww lesve to cixcuns anes the cary of giving bicuh toe tavorebie Opler un'ty tor active interveutivn. Avstein Peyec @ prudent game; and advanced only Wit. inficd’e precautscna on this politival ground, sowu with embuthes ard with perils at ev-ry etep; and, to toe boson ct.2e kappero:'s oounseliors, it must be aia they bave adpirebiy macag~d, up to tue preseut time, to evUid al the quickrenos of thor samguous pordsion, aad te eefegua d, without eompromirivng iia augnt, the im- teren's cf the impertal m noercby. ‘The sympathice of Austris in the cause of the Westera Povers were coubtiees uot ooteimec throvga piitica motiver, Thix caused was that of the indepen onse of ie end the participation which soe (Austris) ugh” te sble 1o take in the partinon of that untoctuaate de ber beet'aro but abe bad averer and « tthe Czar, In thus matter she ftiownd the wef the policy cf Privce Wetteruish during the 8i6-9, in which the cabinet of-Vienua oppored y the pr:jects of the Czar witn reepret to Countacti- whilst the oatinete of Pari-, Lond @ and Betli eo Whe Russiau army to pas the Baicin, and Rosie po-¢ om tue dublime Porte the humiliating treaty of Adriepople. The more powerfal were, at the prevent moment, the ol tions *bich Austria had contracced inj 1849; #0 much ‘be greater also was her impetisace to fice he from an onerous grautuce, which saddied a roxt of prowctorate, which che endured as @ humiliation, because it was en cvidence of hor weakness ia the pas! exe of uncertainty n the future. Austria wea secking aa occasion to realize thoee words of Prince Schwarresberg—‘' We will one day asvouish the wurld by tbe greatne-s of our ing’atitude.”? Memor- able worca, the mouno (f whish appears mot to have yet corvincee tho ¢ to whom they were addressed. ‘The present circumstances appeares made to provoke theoxpl fn of this ingrativade, Austria, sclicited by the guvernment of the Emoeror Napo‘con and by the Cavizet of Windsor, gradually c movivea the design of Imterterirg in the strife cn amy pretouce whatever aad of rargivg. berself om the aide of the Westorn Powers, tu wiem thi: iutecventive was dcvtined to be more fatal ‘then userul, a6 facts bavo comonstrated. the Emperor of Austria ‘sonally, and from the be- einping, leaned towards the union of France ana Ergiaad. Dail young, of a spirit bold and resh, of an advent irvus anc clivalrous charecior, d-etious of wixing up hts name iv tre frseat of misitary acticn, this priace baa hastened Deeok off the tureloge ot the Czar, and to proves, oy Vhe firmness of bis aviituée, against the discaintul and patrontun g airs of the Court of st. Potersburg. Minisvis were of@ hike wind but thedr opoion was Ieee oleerly and dis duct, thet, esauKe in 6 the question from a gi height they fures ail De oopsequenoes to which it migat give roe, ibere bed rin ia Austria, from be bosom cf the re cent egitauons, an iefuonce on which it was nroessary to calcuiare—aeme'y, that of the Viennese anadie clases Che bourgeoiriv), b-stéie to the Czure, aud bostie above Bhi, to the vl@ Austrian aristocracy, whose politicnl he i- lage i+ coveted, eno wh +o pro-Ru-rian topdemews it bi\- lerly accused, denounciog the unpatriottc relations wih thy arisiccracy of St. Petersburg. Avstris detired, above all, to detach itself from Russia, beceure ihe ocr achments of that Power were a per- wezert menece to the German Faspire. The oso10a 190 of tbe lower Davube by the Kusslans was a shackle apon its commerce in the East und in the Black Soa. Hevides, the herect ary preject of the sovercigns of Sc. Petersourg wee perfectly understood at Vierma. consisting a: it dues ip tnsensibiy atteshing t2 trem whe Penslavie popule- ticne exe all the Greeks cf $e Ottoman em,ire, aud of thus extending ite sway to the Adilatic by msaos of the chain of the Moldo-Waliachian, Se.vianaud Muntesegrine proplea. It was remembered that ove cay tae Crear oad expressed the ides of establishing a Russian port even at Ceitaro, oa the Dalmatian fecnticr. for the purpose of se cwing by this means his influence and preponauance in the Adsetio— that ees whisk may be termed an Austrian lake, Such were the principal mctivea which impelled the Emperor, bis ters, aud ihe Viennese bouryersic to enter into the Weetern allis:ce, and to pronounce against Sp to in spite of the obdgations contracted in 1846 But the allisnee presented aleo more than ove danger danger serious anc hard toavoid entire. We have also teen with what aiowness this adhesiun, promised frum the penne seeneee ber aie ria tga tee ory atzatohed out, operly and uni ‘au grand jour). That waa Leosaro adatria mace this ediboeion dapendeas upon conditions which were calculated to render it unac- ceptaple, und to ccmpromise it in the eyes of intelligent people in France ard Engiand. She entered into the contest only to modify esssatially fe cheracter, views and conduct, and to substitute for ‘the defence of the principle of independence and liver- iy 8 yolitical war, without principle, without mo.ive, ct @ character ili-cefined, and of an iseue tmpvszib'e to foresee. ris saw on inevitable danger in the neighborhood of Frenca uniforms on the Rungsiian frontiers, and at but @ abort cistance fram Polana; this proximity might aive hopes to the rational Hurga:ian party, ana migut rovoke musings powerfal enough to shaks to its roots the ara repo Uce or the Austrian monarohy. Already the Hungarian and Poifsh exiles were in movement; they were forming legi: ns, destined to j in the Allied Pow- erg, and to comoat the Czer, in whom they saw the percomification of absolutism and of hfe In the midst even of the French army, there were Hungarian and Polish refugees. But that which Austris desired to avoid at every nozard, wae the appearenoe of a l’reuch benner on ber Hungarian fromiiers, and the agitation which might result therefrom im provinces always ready for ineurrectione Ber achesion waa mado on this covdition—end on this coucition, as we have already raid, it ought to have oeen le, yet it waa accepted. The Kmperor Napcleon Lil. beld ariicularly to the > Austeian adiance; he hed particul at hear’, as we have already established, to eause himself to he recog. nized and accepted as peer end ally, by the last cescea- cant of the axtcfent house of Hapsourg. To arive at this end, the Emperor Napoleon IIl. waa quite ready to naaritice the principle in the name of wiica he hed talon up 6rma, and to traasform tas steife of the weak aga‘net the atrong, of the oppresied agninst che ap- pressor, into a coxlition of sovereigns, inte & conflict of preponcerance and of avtho:ity. He attached much more importance to a powerful and connitera'e allisace, the wort of his personal genius, than to » triumph more tepia and less bavardous, which might have beou only the work of war and of chance. Already he bad ob.ained the alliance of Engiand, and this public and solemn recognition of the Vmpie by Great Drivin, the roul of the old coalitious aguiast France, wae an immerse success, With the aupyort of th ly, France night draw the sword without old tsurope protest: ng, and oceming iteclf menaced by projects of counquert patural'y attributed to the heir of the name aad fortune of Napoleon the First, From the moment in which the English uniform mingled ia our ranks, the moderawon aud justice of our cause became iucoutestibie, even '6 tue {prejudiced minds. Kut that was not sufficient. The nillance of Austria was ell necessary=-necensary above ull. Tt wae neces- y Ww throw to the Czar ese ceflance the dofection of count: thes 54 the aily on w t to calcrlae; it was necertary that Hurope shoul be able to nay to rt, “Austria was bound by the most inviolable laws to the caure of Nicholas the Virst, and taese laws she has trod- den under foot for the rake of exsociaving herse.t with the fortune ond the genius of Nepoleon the Third.” yom the treaty of the Zlst June have sprung all the dirasters experienced by tae armies of France aud Eng- innd, in the generous siife in whish they nad eagugod against Rusria in the name of right, of justice, of the in- dependence of Turkey aud the lizerty of Kurope. This treaty is too well known to render it nesessary for ‘us to place its wext under the syes of our readers By this treaty the Cabinet of Vienna satisfied its self love by proving to the Czar that it wax dete-mtuod co act without vim, and if need be, agsinst him. It gave at the same time a satisfaction to the Western Powers and pre- vented the attempts which they might have enemuraged, or at least tolerated iv Italy, But by thiy came tresty, the Cabinet of Vienna closed against the Angic-French fiags the route of Moldo-Wallachia and of Bessars bile keeping fiom its Hungerian tront revolutionary menace—-that , which cons great advantage to ite profit—it made: Rassia par- Yicipete in the benefit cf 114 pacific intervention, ‘vad permitud her to coxcentrate her forces upon what- ever point we might think fittomenace. While sesuring by this proof of good will thove of its persessions which contained the mort insurrectionary elements, it erasted between us and the Russians a sort of Chinese wall, un- der whose shelter the latter might direet their e‘/orts on all the other paris of their frontiers, and especially on Odessa and Sebast pol, ot which at this time pevpte were.) beginuing to speak. Auntris eaid to Turkey—T will protect you.’” She said to France and to Englani—*] am with you, aud I compell the Russians to recross the Pruth.”’ She said to Rusia--'1 commit an act of bosttitty ng ©F* youin apperrance orly, You are now ires to de- bY a i and Sebastopol, and to give # »mali besson te ‘Le alles, fre whieh the notification of the troaty of the 0th June caused the is and wuperior off- . cera of the army is indescribab! ince Napoicon mani- fe:t4 the most lively indignation at it. In a femiliar cu.versation with one of frienda, colonel cf one of tle regiments of hia division, who afterwards hed a difi- ¢ with the General Bosquet made uve of the expreseion, ‘treason,’ ‘eneral Canrobert himself, who had watehe! tha rys- tem of diplomacy, exprevsed hie displeasure at !t. The Turks actually understood nothing of it, Tne Eogiish were ellent, and did not express their opinion, that being their military enstom, General Scarlett, who was spoken to on the subject, asluted bis interrogator coldly, unter pretence of urgent business. It was aseles to ialerro- gate on this port Lord Raglan and the [uke of Carn- oridge§ they would mot hare replied to it. Marwhal 4°. Arnaud was rediant with joy. "Tt might have been maid, rom the satiefsetion which he mantiested, tha: thi» te plorable treaty was his own work. He commented Heschid Pacha ye it, and renewed to M. de brack the feheitations which he had siready presented to hin on the attitude, more and more defined, of his government Finally, still more information with regard to the Em peror’s views or those of his Court, may be derived from a careful perusal of the other famous pamphlet, whic appeared in Paris few weeks ago, and recommendel 4 Furopean Congress. It waa said to be from the pero Drouym de IHuys, and to have received the wae ivn of fuily poriraying the private wishes of the Emperor :— Pan Dac 20, 1866 According as the protediiities of « pacific solutive as- fume BT ale’ Coreia'ency, certam organs € “a+ Hoglish vhs GTO eDdeavOring Ly irmisung artices to radenger etirot of the wage re-c ution and of the cam esd- tuce cf the allies g vernments. lp misreprerepting thet 1m and the characr of a doc- upen: whieb iti ue duty of the vuiivial partios te ceep Sroret, & rik is run of offending the Power whieo Lurope bax applied to tor concessions, when the iuterest of ali is fw fact.ite'e the succes of the proceeding cow en'e-ed on. It would be senseless to supp? ¢ that any « atesman of Greet Britain con bebvid otherw:c shan with toe acupest ret, thir incensiccrate line vi taciiis the plsae of arrangement now in course of negotia- tion, powne bas any idee of bumiliseng Kursia or de preetating the just share of iuiluence and authority whieh #b6 is calied on to preserve in the cuunciluo: Ea~ Tepe. Fiince and England bave un ted toge.ber fore just wer, Detenly becwure it was a juct ome, aut cecause beir on bw ory proved to Russia that she could yield with- out di hover. Le bogland end France find themselves lowered or hu- millsted by the cbiigati.o im which they were pl. the Grat to reaguiue tre independence of the Uni +, 81d the moord to renvunce the conquesw of the nbis and ot be Empire ? | be result of the present etrugyle proves the contrary. | ‘Yer horn these osncerci ns were wrested trom them by force or +. It waa France wav cond rained Lugiand 6 abendem hee colonies to North Amertos, aa it was Togiend who, in a gres-er degree thar any other catwa, coptributéd w detach from the French terrt ory Re gium and the Rbevish Pro-in:es; and yo: France and Engiand | ere at present claely unived. Froud of tosér row ce-tinios, they assuredly bh ve right to preeleim that in making ot present tae sacrifice of & poicy incompatible with the peace of the world, | Rusme eovpot dorlice im public eetimativa ; *utthet on | ‘be contrary, she must increace in *he cuafie nce and | eoteom <f kur pe, aod perhaps pr- pare heree.f fur a not Gieiant future of Lew and prCotous aidancen, P tbat situation tne auty of toe etatesman is t> seek out uLcer what form end in what ctrcams duces the ac- quiescence of Kussia will best be recoagiled with the cignity cf @ sovetign who, the diy on whtoh he ati bave signed peace, will And in his extmigs of toe day b<- fore nothing elae brothers, Since the Congrees of Vienna five great Powers i.e @.verned Europe with common secora. To-day tuire of these Powers are at war, and the syontaneous iaverven- tion of the remaining two, efthor in wn isulated mauaor or in copfe ences, tails to teconcile them ix it, thea surprists g that the ordinary proceedings are insuflgiont w tormint conflict of 60 movel & nature? One bune: acd twenty miluons of cen are qnesced in the stroggle: on cne side they are cying for their faith, om the ower, tor justice. yusends of caunon are thuncerirg after forty yeurs’ peace; our thousand mil- fons ot frencs bave beea ccnsumed in less tuan frieea mc othe, 4 Europe awaits, from this Inet toicauss of blued gold, @ peace wuich shati have no oud. buch in ‘he prevent war! When in‘eresta so noble anc gi are at stake, cam there oe any chance of reconciling the the helligeramt parties, otherwise than by # congress? Aud is no. that uceeure justificd moreover by twe {oo sntesta > ef-ct, that ut the soe acnourcement of tke couvncation of a coa- Greve the oifferent populaiivus would consider peace con- cudeo Aud why is thisanticipeied confidence? It fa becaise | rchody ir ignorsay that cbe mole cilfieulty is vo fads con- } clusicy worthy of the steugg'e, aod tha. after the fall of | eebestopol and tho destruction of the Black Sea fleet, peace became poreiuie lu fect, a ew povition was ores. ted by this event, and it wae pointed oat with clesmmese im the adress delivered by Neapuleon Ul.to the exhibi- tors, ond in tho ctficial papers of Lis diplowsoy. As Yong seaceciiire wucomss hyd not seen obtained the allies cou.d only Think of woreesi g turir forces on the ticle of battle. Im pu suing, at the price of erormous am diGcer,a result Whick would turn to tho advantage of all, they ae! not acmit that neutrality hed e useful missin w fuisil. te conchide an arminice as legi hopes which would procesd from the new form of nego- ations. w tre kestern question, but all the other ities had scrung up eines the Congress of Vienra, woud tail im it: efforts, ; Wo tiiumph as that period of the wer when, but as England, Pranee, Turkey’and Sardinia kad euf- ficed for the tas od as the p-opoved uim way at ainsd, tue pesition of neutrais could be 1ooked at in a more fae vorecie light. Tt wae ¢ that the Emperor, making asolema ap- peal to the pre-sure of pumic opiui m wih the view of terminating the war, exclaimed, “Let Lurope decise and declare who ts tn the rigit and who ts in the wrong, for that wil be a grand step wwards @ solution. He proclaimed with conviction and truth that, in the percent epoch of clvilzation, the suscess ot armies ts bat t-mporary, and that deGuitively it is publac opinion that caries away the last victory. Thus, im the thougbta of the allied governments, ths last vierory will be the conclusion of a peace. And it ts pubiic ovnion im Europe which will have tue merit axa tue honor, provided it interfures in the negotiations, sseiste at their various pheses, und officially pronounces qn ell the minor diffe! which may issue from the ions, A’congress can alone offer the opportunity of doing ‘The readiness with which tue secondary States have re- plied to the invitation of the Emperor of the French oves thet, is preparetfor that great apectacie. Pry nilat Swedenvas © aging herself by w treaty, the governments of Central Furo:e,fof the first, second aad even of the order, were addressing to the Court of Rosaia frtencly representations, by no means commina- tory, but expressing in the clearest manner toe necessity of making concesrions which would guarantee to the Western Powers the fact that the object of the war was really acquired. At the came time each of them informed Frexce and Exgland of the steps which it had taken. and invited them to receive with modcration the propost‘ions that Russia might make. The majority of the etn courts are consequently co operating at this moment the negotiations, But thelr co-operation is isolated, non- official, and without force. Theirs are local opinions, and ditjcinted; it is not the general opimion of Europs which they express. In orcer that the general epinion be rendered useful end imposing, that it mey carry away that last wietory which spall defivitively endow the world with peace from the tact that it will leave behind it neither victors nor vanquished, it muat necemarily be manifested solemnly, in an essembly of the representatives of all the States, where various modes cf Vert] may be confirmed in one i and where the will of all may have but one voice, Ty # Gorgress, Europ> will be represented and pe~oni- Arfitions will be restrainelaud men's minds r. wvivitied; abcvo all, over the Powers will be cuspended » supreme authority, which will eonoble the sacritices, give to mode- ration the character of magnaximi:y, impore « salutary restraint on religious or nationa! exigeuctes, ovor-excited by the contest, and render to each government s porfect liberty of aciiou with respect to its subjecta, Tt Would be most desirable were the itea of a congress to proeGed (rom Rursia, sud if, taking into consideration 6a basis of neg ottguions the propoaitions carried to St. Petersburg by Count Esterhazy, ebe were to propose to deiihezate on” them not only im # rimple conference, bat inen satembly of ali the sovereigns, and after solema and eincere declarations on the orgin, the character, und the resuits of the contest. Such au overture would be a moro certain in hestion of the pacitie cispowitioas of the burg than a pure and simple acceptance ot nu uitim tom which aught have uo other aim than to retard t recall of the Austrinanarbasenuor, [t wili be renrembe: ed that a similar accceptanoe precaded the first confer- ences al Vierpa, and did not preveat their failure, If Ropsin were boidly to adopt tbis step, ber language wcult bave @ character of frackuess and of graaseur which, ra freeing ber diplomati+ts tor ever fron the re prosch of duplicity, would materially faciilats the con clusion of peace, Ife only necessary to ope +o comprehend that Alexat without bumiidatiog £ aud if he considers the much Rivater racrifices wo'ch the other Powers have beea com. pelied to make for the progress of civilization, he will ‘less Ged tor having reserved to his people, in & similar crtsix, & privileged position Wnea the houz of Ameri- can Indepencence sounded, Englund had os idea that the npibilation of ber old colonia: policy was for ber com- merce and her wavy the germ of ua unlimited develove- ent. At the moment wheu coalerse1 Europe made Na- ‘poleonian France violently return within the limits of the cl4 monarchy, no one could foresee wat the resuscitated crpire wouid find in the repuneiation of her conquests he means of extending over the tree Staton of Knrope an pflueoee more powerful tham that of Louis XIV. or of Napeleon 1 It has been neceseary that the national honor of the twe countries sbould suffer neacly huif # ceatury of hu- cilia iovs before they could clearly see into ther aow si@stinies ond frankly resign them wives, one to the losa of ber North American possessions, and ‘the other of the conquests of the republic and the empire. bat Russia. atter a peace of forty years whieh has changed the face of the world, softened manners, and brough: rations together in amity, enjoyed n bester fate. Immediately after the struggle ate was aole to appreeiate snd appropriate the results of it) sodet the very mo ment at which she renounoes her oid astern policy, she tees that that policy does not a1e—thas it is regenerated, and that in eivillzing herself she triumphs. What idea animated Peter the Great with respect to Constantinople? An [dea as geoerous and as holy ax tbat whieh conducted the King Saint Louis, Richard of Engiand, and Leopold of Austria to the tom) of Christ. Can we (eel rurprive that this idea, a living tradition 4 al rewns, shoud bave deen enveloped in mystery, bave grown in the dark, and that when it appeared in open aby, folly armed, it succumbed aud besame trans- formed into s confiict of giants? No; for from the mo- ment it was conceived it had that destiny. It was ex- clusive and incomplete, for it only aimed at the enfran- chisement of the Greek commucion; it was argressive and encroaching. for tha: entranchixement implied a ter- ritorial r¢-errapgement of Europe. Tut Burspe, whieh the orestor of Re exclusively commercial at London Ainste religious andy dissolute at the Court of the Regent, and. whieh could not comprebend his great Mere age: Neel ot that time undergoing a grand transformation: las Cptbarine and Nicholas were slowiy ovening the road te Constant Ne for the armies of Russia, the old feudal ei- ce of the Wext was crumbling away, and om its ruins |) Napcleom was founding the base of ‘a new policy and a |. new Boctety. ) Ate distance of ome hundred and fifty years the {dean } cé Peter the Great have found before them 4 Lurope, drawing after it alzeudy the Kastera workd 'int%o its principles of order, justace and tolerance, by thewole attraction of the wonders of civilization, aud raising sloft the Cross in the metropolis of islamiam. The will of Peter the Great was from that moment secompiished. And when, in the nineteenth contury, Rusats directed her armies and fleete on Constantinopie, she commited \* rave wn error as it Fogiand or Frases had re-com- meneed the crusades, Bnt let her admit that error, and renonnoe her aystem of isolated propagandiam: lot her clam her share in the collective protectorate which Chrtatian Europe bas achieved, and this claim will not be refused. Ja Europe ignorant of the fact that the co- religiontxte of the Russian people compose three-quar- ters of the population of Turkey; that the {Nl feeling of be Cabinet ot St, Petersburg can crente there eno: cificultios, and that its sincere co-operation would, on the contrary, become one of the most easential elemonis of the pacific regeneration of the Ottoman empire! Buch js the truth aa to the origia, the character and ! the rernits of the struggle, contemporansous history IL. mxy enter cn this pat Were Russie to accept these views, ant the nogotis- tions of the cabinets to adost at once inspirations as liberal; were e congrera to meet wiih ouch sentimvrate of fravkness and honor, weere the coawievce of sve- regns wou d co-operate with the talents of cipomatiste wo recoratract with solidity and justice the of Europe, who euuld dare to dou! eiltbci am © success: Ni OL. Seemed sores es in & family deliberation before their pecra, the deiligerent Fo uid be authorised oon all the difficultics would ve smoothed a1 ulate, fn the name of the comm a Is ‘here o eing'e interest which would not derive bene- ban the immesis ¢ pecificarion of Kuropet € not Prussia Austria impstient to recover the of influence wich 198 hecome more and more com- Piowised by the uns:ooess of their effortat Duet pot Russia aspire to resume the course of fatermal f preepert Y, and to liqnidate nonoraply ae the Gi icms A a policy which was generous a! epoch ‘When it was conceived but which has been ¢ os inadequere by ube progress of civilizatioa, and waich she Would have teen compe:led to renounce: sooner or laver in her own interest, as io that of uve wold? ‘The Anglo-French altisace i» eternal . It will attaim its orject amidst the days of miw’ortuse as in those ef proeperi'y. But would it ov be fo’ ita streke of fortune Having m2- thirg far ber to cestroy tran the Baltic feot, the inte- reste 4 hen of the two naions might be prough! ime apporitien Really, it the secondary Powers of Europe enmtribute to 2 direct manaer to re-establish peace. ut Kurope is wa- debted to them {a come deg ee for “he commencement of end’esr Jabors; fr tae re'orma snd venefits which will ensue frm that event, will not « similar servies reacered prove & guarantee for wuch states froas the evevtua‘it: the fuare thao any protectoratest ‘The assemb! @ Congre-s will therefore be for the benefit of all. necersity for it resu ti from the dve @rcu! Powers being unadie to come to a precise under- Standing. {ta torme ion has been in embryo since the appeal msde to the gene'al opiaion of Europe by Nape- leo I. Che wisn for it ine every breast, and toe Gieial procouttom which wil he mate tori will neither meet with an adversary nor indiffereat te it from the very day when a eaertan oratt eball have as- eumed the init ve. THE PEACE RUMORS. [From the London Herald, Jan, 22.) We may ebortly sum up all toat @ knewn as to presect state of wffaire: Ru cia bas mot accupted aoy tailed proposals either of ibe eliies or of Aus ris. hes agreed to enter on orgotiativas on the sass ef ao document drawn up in such a form as to be eal titive in socesing to ail the requirements of Austria, ut perfectly vague and indefinf:e apoe thoce points upew which France and Fogland must insi:t. What species or gavction the Cxbin-ta of Pariy and London bave given to that document we are not informed. It bears on the fare of it a asta'emen: that it dees pot contain all their demands. Before they enter upon negouations they ary abvus to send, ec heve seat, to Rursiz & staiemen’ of their demazds. We provest we cannot rhave im the sanguice on icipations 0! those whe sce in euch » mate of thiugs eny solid provpect that the meditated negotiations will terminae im peace, The Gury o! our government, aod of every Eogiishman, ws new pitin. fe must not permit Kassie to escape by eny er‘ifice of diplomacy trum terms hat will offer some hope even of a reepive from ber éesigns; above ali we must uot litem to any propoeal that will tolerate the creation or maintenance of vavel or military arseeal sweeny port, river or c-eek {rom which a navy could be floated to the waters of the Kuxine ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE NEWS TO THE COUNCIL OF Wal AT PARIS. [Parts Correspondence of Manchester Guardian.) Atew {ne exts after receiving the cespstoh, the Kan- peror cpeved the council of war of that day, or rather Le enteced the councii rocm, before every one, as is the custom, and the other members wece introduced. As 800 as the Duke of Camb:ioge appeared, Napoleon tea- cored to hima paper, and thea turning rvund to the others gave them the news. If I am truvy intormed, Sie Harry Jouea went so far as to exclaim, ‘Can I have heard ngutly, or is there some mistuke # Upon which the Emperor ia saa to have smiled wuilst saying, “You fee there can be no mistake, for] have this moment given the aespatch to the Duke of Cambrisge.” Itis lustber effrmed that the few lines of the despatch once read aloud, Sir Kdmund Lyons, Ct ae de ta bis hang some papers he peld, took his pa Retna nnd that he bad nothing moe to do there, and the couu- cil room. before the Fmpeor bad risen or ceciared the efiting at en end, which bas been commented upon ever tinge by the persons attached to the court as one of the mest extraordinary breaches of etiqueste ever com- ivted. i ent letter the seme writer adds:. ESE Ine oubseq —Apropes to the account { gave you yesterday of sir Edmond Lyune atthe Last coun ot wax, 1 obtain really curious infosme lon, because it does, ag the age is, ‘put the cots upon all yp ee Freee last ) 1 amongst vi inte- natin pci some of wi Iwill relate to you by and by, an explanation given of tae Kogish Admirai’e bebavior by ene of his one rai counsil, @ French eet officer:—Fhe mistress of the heuse had related to him Rigg tgs mg eergend i and interpreted as the bi ana, angers om of no matter what court alweys de interpret these kind of it oen- taunly does e a breach of etiquette; bu’ went on te cay, “ Laay it was misinterpreted, Because, though Sir Eamond ons did crumble up some pone in his hands, Trathber think, did say that ‘ he ad nothing more to do there,’ he went out #0 very lit before the Emperor car lticor' the sittiag, that! wad made my exit after his Mejesiy, found him sill im che patace vestibule; so that it was in fact only an incident fora pack of courtiers to make « noiseabout.” This jentleman added, ‘‘I do not think Sir Edmund oo vial mond, Neipge t for his last, wa me, a8 we Separated, wer, .$ well, feliow, you and I had need make tas best of A ag you bave your promotion, aud I shall have no opporta- Diy OF disisiguishing myself more; for you and rely upon it, bave witnessed the last war that ever take plxce in Europe.’ Now, I told you there ‘rare page interesticg things in my evening visit of yax- y: ‘The great at ion was thay M. dv Seobach elf was present, and stayed @ good hour and & That he was surrounded by every one, talked at by every one, and gaped at on all hands, I need not tell you; neither need | say that he was more than us: eloee and di:creet barely allowing & word to esca lips. Once. however, and wil one person, he allowed himecif to enter into what might be termed & conversa- tion, epeakiog, howeve-, chiefly of he Czar. He repre- sented the latter as genuinely preoccupied with the auo- jects ported out in M. de Nesrelrece's circwiar, waid he wae seriously bent upon reforms of the most comprehen- atve kinds iw ube forerior, and that peace was, of courra, bis dearest wish, 4/ i wad to be hud unthout any humilia~ tion to Russia, Ove remark of M. de Seebacu’s deserves notice. A member of « great financial enterprive im France, whom I do not feel authorized to desiguate more clearly, asked bym with more frankness, perhaps, tham good breecing, **Do you really believe that we shall have peacer’ M.'de Seebash very quistly aad grovely repited, “I am porfectly convinced that we have it alieacy,”—(an imperceptible paase)—‘ i those who treat with Russia really wish vd.” Whether this phrase stuck we more than tt de-erved to do, I camnot of course say, but it did strike me very much, Ano:her thing, too, Toould not avoid remarking, because I wi I confess, ou the look out for it :—M. de Seebaca did mention either the name of England or of Ausiria, but spoke of the whole affair as though in fact France and’ Rus. sia were the omly two contracting parties, His praise af Tews Nep: leon was even, it struck me, @ littie affected, and as though he bad somo object in it, ‘The war councils have been brought to @ close by each mewber baving wiitten bis report. 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