The New York Herald Newspaper, February 11, 1856, Page 1

WHOLE NO. 7105 f THE NEW YORK HERALD. THE EUROPEAN NEWS. ASPECT OF THE PEACE QUESTION. ‘Views in London, Paris, Berlin and Vienna. ‘The Basis of Negotiations in 1855 and 1856. THE DIPLOMATIC HISTORY OF THE WAR. IGE PRIVATE VIEWS OF THE EXPERORS. WHAT WILL BE THE FATE OF ENGLAND ? London, Paris, Madrid, Berlin, Vienna, Constantinople and Sebastopol Correspondence, &e., &., &, Additionally to the voluminous extracta from our Juropean files—from French, English, Russian, Austrian and Prussian sources—of the important ews brought by the Persia, and the cqmmercial ‘irculars of several of the leading houses of London nd Liverpool, exhibiting the commercial and financial aspect of the news, we publish to-day our correspondence from the principal capitals of Eu- ope, together with a full diplomatic history of the rar. With all these data the public can perhaps some idea of the effect the peace rumors have din Europe, and of the probable result of the egotiations which we are led to suppose are about take place. The latest dates -from Liverpool and London Are to the 26th, Paris 25th, Berlin and Vienna P4th, and St. Petersburg 22d ult. Our London Correspondenc. Lowpon, Jan. 25, 1856. e Central American Question—Public Opinion Declares Mr. Buchanan Right—Lord Palmerston’s Pwgnacity very Dangerous—His Love of a Row— Peace Prospects— Napoleon Negotiating Direct with Russia—The Anglo- French Alliance in Danger—The Funds—Theatricals. The Centra American question, that seriously threaten- dthe most unpleasaut results, has received a prompt lution, 60 far as public opinion is concerned, by the bublicaticn of the respective despatches, and, more than 1', by the able and striking article of the London Times bt Monday Jast. Notwithstanding the vopbistry of Lord Clarendon’s rgumenta, conveyed in most approve} diplomatic lan- frusgs, the commen sense and right feeling of this coun- ry go entirely with Mr. Buchanan in his straight for- ard views, expresred with so much clearness, force nd pified moderation. Justice must be done to the Himes, too, for, seemingly covacious of its bad behaviour lo Mr, Buchapan come time back, first in misrepresenting im, and then in :efusing to repair its error, it now oes not hesitate to compliment the American Minister ota for the ability he has displayed ia those negotia- ona, and for his elevation of tone and language. So tur, then, as pubic opinion {s concerned, the dis- x ut» about Centra! Amertca may be considered settled; jut you may depend on it Lord Palmerston will not give ap 60 easily, There is a great likelihood of his lord- losing his senses before long, if things should go jo in the frightfally pacific manner they promise. The sucden cessation of the war with Russia, if carried + in apite of the British Prime Minister, is bad enough; lut to rob him of the delight of wrangling with the Uni- pd States, and keepiog both countries in hot water for navy months, perhaps years to come, is little short of Irect cruelty om the part of the Zimes and the sensible jublic of this oountry. Whilst everybody must admit he aplendid tajents of Lord Palmerston, and his unpar- felled experiaice in public affsirs, there is no denying hat his lordship hasa peculiarity which affords a deal it fun to himself, but an infinite amount of annoyance to bird parties. He hag all an Irishman’s love of a bindy, and heis never so completely happy as when he les got everybody quarreling, growling, and abusing jach other. Depend on it, therefore, that Lord Palmers- pa is of the spinion of Sir Lucius, that the Central merican dispute is “a pretty quarrel as it stands,” and lo will keep it up just as long as public opinion here will jear it or his tenure of office will allow. Every day adds 1 the probability of peace with Rus- ja. It is reported that orders have been sent from 83, etersburg to the Crimea to suspend military operations. ¢ is an adroit manceuvre, and forces an armistice upon he allies, to which England is greatly opposed. Lord imerston {a dispesed to imitate Napoleon in his first wopeign in Itly, and to fight whilst he pgotiates. France, however, is holding back, and here ia no doubt that all I we stated my previous letters, of the determination of puis Nay mm to wake peace is strictly true. He has ted in watterwith his usual decision and iudepen- pce, and has beencarrying on his negotiations direct irh the Emperor of Russia, regardiees whether Lord Pal- jerston liked it or mt, When I stated a month ago, no abt to your astonishment, that the alliance against asia waa really at sn end, I declared no more than the nts of every ds y we rapidly confirming. The sikeii- d of peace has given a natural elasticity to the finan- and commercial vorld. The funds have shot up here ith singular buoysucy, and speculation has already ived an impetus shat will lead to extraordinary re- ita, ae checkea by new complications that may pos- ly arire. |At no previous time have theatricals been more pros- rour. The theatres and other public resorts are night- crowded, by common report, and the entrepreneurs st be makin; The star ot Professor The ingenious adver- ing of his factotum, Hingston, has given the “Wizard”? h wide celebrity that people ran after him, whether pleys tricks for then or upon them. To the surprise Pp 4ygoers he Seieehly transiormed himself from a con- or into an actor, aud has been doing Rob Roy Mai g/t, O. Arich bit of burlesque was expected, but, on p contrary, it turnel out a racy bit of good melo-dea- ic acting. sity has been indulging, too, in theatrionls at Wind- Costle, and ‘Her Majesty's servants,” called from the ricus theatres of [andon, have been acting tragedy, vedy and farce, under the sagacions direction of Charles inn, greatly, it appears, to the satisfaction of his royal stress and her numerous guests. A NEW YORKER, Our Constantinople Correspondence. Covetaxtixorie, Jan. 10, 1856, gh Prices of Provision—The War—The French in Constantinople, dc. rain, flour, pork and becf are all extremely dear, latter being £8 a £10 ($40 a $50) per barrel. These ces muat continue for some montha to come, for this intzy produces nothing for sale, and France and Eng- 4 have nothing to spare. he war will certainly continue for another year or », OF more, he Freveh are quietly taking possession ot all parts ‘onstantinople, and will not leave it. John Bull is . J.C, Our Sebastopol Correspondence. Seeastoron, Des. 7, 1855. eels Around the Peninsula—Prevalence of Fever—The yt Paths and Roaa Yracks—Snow, Siushand Mud—Mili- ry Men Everywhere—Sad Scenes in the City—Its Former eauly and Grandeur——Probability that the People Left Karly During the Stege— False Reports of the French nd English—The Russian Fire— Immense Rats ana their peculations—Shocking Scenes for Romantic Heroes—The clan, Malakel, Klagstay and Other Batteries Igno- nce @f the British Engineers—Terrible Slaughter and no eculls—Out Door Lodging—A Sea Trip and Danger of cing Burned Up, isnow nearly two months since 1 arrived in the Crimea. vy first vistt, the weather was very warm, and a fever Jar to thé Chagres fever, both in its general fatality ng thove attacked, and 1's debilitating effects on those m it dees not sammarily take off, prevailed toa great nt. With the exception of @ week or ten days which nt in Constantinople and the surrounding country, 1 + been here ever since. When I inform you that dur- that whole tiwe I have been continually moving sr by land or sea, you will, I think, believe that 1 tt to know something about the country, }) 2y portion of this once beautt‘al town fs now as fa- wz tome as New York, and oqually #0, are Kameisch, “ava, “Doapy Brook,’ or as tt is pow called, Kadikai, etc. An infloxirle determination to abstaimfrom all hasty opinions—from all comment om the people, policy, go- Vernment, and prebabie destiny of the several countries which I have visited—until satisfied ofmy competency vo speak of them from practical examination, and reliable informa'ion, ts the maim cause of my long silence. Por- sonal adventure and ludicrous incident meeting me at every step, multiplied so rapidly that even & passing allusion to them in « paper like the Heratp soon became utterly impracticable. Previous to the commencement of the rainy season, which was somewhere about the 20th of lest mouth (No- vember), the whole country was intersected in every di- rection by travelled paths, which were ae plainly discer- nible during daylight aa if they had been regu'ar roads; ‘but the alternate rain, snow and sleet which so inces- rantly poured down, speedily converted them and the whole surface of the now cheerless waste through which they passed into one trackless bed of slush and mud. During the fine weather you would occasionally meet per- sons other than soldiers end camp followers, but for se veral weeks past I have not seen outside Kamiesch and Balaklava a single civilian. It ts impossible to conceive anything more dreary than the prerent aspect of the entire Crimea, and time and repeated familiarity are alike powerless to even mo ify the indesortbadle feeling of heart-oppressing sadness which I experienced during my first solitary walk through this deserted town, With what trathful simpiicity and force Gortschakoff exp: essed ita condition when he said that “the enemy would find nothing tm Sebastopol but blackened and blocd stained ruinal” I do not remember having seen a single house which escaped the shot and shell of the besfegers, while more than four-fifths of the towa is one shapeless mass of ruina. Never was destruction more complete—desolation more appalling. It must have been » most delightful httle town, That it was ao, is fully proved by everythirg remaining. The streets, with vecy few excepticns, run at right apglesjor nearly #0, and the houses were all built in tho most substantial manner. The remains of many show that they must have been truly elegant and spacious. The walla are of massive thickness, and constructed of the light yellowish volcanic stone of the country. The contrast between the neatly whitewashed walls and the bright red tiles which inva- tiably formed the roofs of the houses, must havegiven Sebastopol, in the days of its peaceful prosperity, a most charming and picturesque appearance. Every habita- tion seems to have had ita court yard or garden, or both, and everything you meet, either inside or out of them, Dears melancholy testimony to the former happiness and prosperity of the inhabitants, whom the merciless rigors of a war, as seemingly aimlesa in ita objects as it is ruin- ous to all engaged, have long since driven in despairing flight from their homes.’ ‘The greater portion of the people must have let: at a very early stage of the siege, as it would have been utter- ly impossible for them to have escaped aunihilation under such storms of fire and fron as descended on the placs. When I first came here I found the town juet as the Rus- sians bad left it, and it really seemed as if there were shot and shell enovgh laying abut to pave it three times over. I then walked for hours through it alone, without meet- ing a soul, save the few sentinels who were posted in the least exposed portions, There never was the slightest foundation for thore statements containei in the English and Frerch papers about its streets being mined aod blown up. There ie not single atreet in the whole place but is just as perfect now as it was the day war was de- clsred, spart trom the furrows indentations created by the shot and shel! ¢f the al . The false statement was conbtlesa put forth with the view of shielding the be- siegers as murh as possible from the imputation which their failure to pursue the Russiaxs would 80 naturaily excite. When it is recollected that long before the final assault took place, the voluntary avandonment of the south side by Gortechakoff was posttive'y anticipated by the aliies commanders, and predic‘ed by the British press, the an- molested manner ia which the whole Russian army was enabled te cross the great harbor on a sing e beat bridge, unequivceally demonstrates the high respect with whica its Pkill, valor. and obstinacy had at length impressed the invacers. Had it been otherwise, noshing existed to prevent a most cisastrous pursuit. The streets ace wide, and a large mejorfty of the houses, even when stanuing, were but a single story high A death-like-stillnéss reigns here now, v:hich is ouly broken by the occasional roaring of the Russian guns and mortars on the ni side, and the whizzing avd bursting of the shells sometimes in dangerous proximity. To these, however, I must aad the ca- tinued squeeling of the huge and disgusting rats, who everywhere seam, on the departure of hamau beiogs, to bave swarmed in their place. Several of those loath- some pawn broking Jo:king rascals are now closely eying me, ard evitently speculating witbin themselves, with true ratlike cunning, upon the ridiculous, though. to them, qui e probable prospect of my speedily Lecsiog food for them. Here, as inthe Redan, Malak i, Flag: staff, and other batteries, they are to be seen in myriads, running and diving in every direction, in revolting aud wudacious search afier the perishing flesh of those man- gied heroes who lie mouldering beneath the ruins. The white fragments of the houses, looking like so many tomb stones, give the place, as you approach it, the appearance of a great grave yard. For hundreds of acres in every direction around it, cannon balis and un- exploded and rhattered shell tie so thick that you are compelled to pick your steps in passing through them. ecme twenty or thir y times, [have spent a large portion of the day in examining the Redan, Malakoff Flagataf, Central bastion and other fortifications, and am con- strained to ray that the skid and energy displayed in their hurried construction were only equalled by the unflinching heroism with which they were subsequent'y 80 (adrpasiy defended. The relative strongth of the Malakoff and Redan are sadly misunders' by those who have never reen them, and truth, not love, compels me to say that the injury inflicted on brisish military re- utation through ignorance, is as meanly uojust as it is apparently irreparable. The British engineers are justly censurable for not having ac vanced their approach- en and parallels nearer than two hundred paces from the Redan, while the French run theirs to within twenty of the Malakoff; and General Simpson is equally blemea- bie for not having insisted that the assault, if deter- mired on uncer such circumstances, should be made on each fortification by troops jointly composed of both French and British. The importance of the Malakoff’s position has been confounded with ita strength as a forti- fication; whereas, in the latter respect, it is no more to be compared to the Redan than a wooden shed is to a well built stone house. When you gaze at the vast number of heavy gupa which look down from every con- ceivable direction as ‘you ace the sulient angle of the latter, and which must have swept with their direct and cross fire every inch of the intervening » it seems really incredible how a single man coald have re- mained on his legs during the fearful rush from their ewn trenches to the countersearp of the enemy's terri- ble works, a diatunce of two hundred paces, over the moat difficult gronnd imaginable, The limits of a letter will not admit of even » partial description of the scene presented by the inside of the Redan or Malakoff. The former beggara doscrip- tion. I have now become pretty familiar to these torrors, and have never been troubled much with mawkish sensibilty, and yet, unless some great and lasting good to mankind and ‘posterity were certain to result the efrom, I would not, were it to make me Emperor of the World, be the author of the whole- sale slaughter and misery caused by tho siege of Sebasto- pol. In vain we look for compensating results. The Russian flag, now while | write, floats as proudly from their forts on the north side, and its guns thunder as de- fiently, as they did a year past. There is no place for a stranger to stop in the Crimes, except uncer one horseshed in Kamiesch, where dranken sailors, who can’t get on boerd their ships, occasionally rewaln during the night. Ihave not had even my boota off for more than a month, and have roughed it in evary bie manner, I assure you. Noone knows me here. up to Eupatoria couple of weeks ago, and we hed a fearful time re arg the to Kamiesch. We were near- ly driven ashore during the night, and the Russians came within an ace of burn! 5 A up with some huge rockets which they threw frcm their new works on the sea front of the north side. Iam going up to Kertch ina day or two, and will soon write you again. Our Madria Correspondence. Maprip, Jan. 18, 1866. The Change of the Ministry Dissatisfaction of all Parties — Character of the New Ministere—Insurrection—Civi! Disorders to Come—Espartero’s Sand Running Out—T he Revolution at Hand—The Democrats—The Authors of the Mutiny of the 7h of January Still Untried—~Spain Flooded—Roads Destroyed—Prices High and Laborers Starving, de., de. The announced modification of the ministry has at last taken place, After s thousand laborious combinations, a sort of patched up result of the efforts of government has been produced, but in such an unfinished shape that the press and public opinion have pronounced against it, Three—no more—is the sumber of ministers who have left their posts: that of the Interior, Public Works, and Grace and Justice. For the Interior they have named Don Patricio de Es. cosura, Deputy to the Cortes and Minister Plonipotentia- ty in Lisbon; for Public Works, the Brigadier Don Francisco Luxan, Deputy to the Cortes; and fur Grace and Justice, Don José Afias Uria, Deputy, aad formerly a magistrate, The Senor Escosura is a man of accommodating and vacillating opinions, for when he saw himself slighted by the “‘moderados,”’ to whose party he belonged, he be- came @ “‘progressiata;’’ and 1; is certain that ifs Turkish government were to be ostablished in Spain he would be. come ® Musrulman. He speaks @ groat deal witu uot much in it, has-pretty stromg !ungs and is very uapopu- duration. Senor Luxawis » progreseista-of the sanion (old fogy) school, which means: those who have been figuring for many years. The-country is astonished: that a man like this should returnto the ministry, which he left but afow months since om: secount of end other unfs- vorable qualities-whieh: have him unpopular. If tew months since he wouidnot do for minister, why choose him now?—now, waen the situation of the coun: try is more critical ‘then it was sixmonths since? Seno: Luxan is s misfortune for the administration and the country, endowed The Senor Afias. Uria is am unknown ma: with no particular merits, eitner as deputy or in his le- Tho will go oh lee tock trict ‘the oplaios of Mis coms who wi on & OF ion of com- lons—} te is told. di will do what he There Les aioe President of the Council;, O'Donnell, Minister of War; Bruil, Minister of Finance; Senta Cruz, Minister of Marine; and Zavala, Minister of certain thet that the nation ts getting tirel of thicgs 40 unpleasant as the present, ani Epartero has besa lost ail his prestige. It is indubitable that O’Donnell; associated wih some generals of suspicious antecedents, is endeavoring to pervert the situation created by the revoiu'ion of July, and that he in leaving nothing untried to effect this. It is beyond a doubt that the opposite parties are moving, seeing the disunion of the government. and the insignifizance and nullity of a mejority of the-deputies, and the general dis- satisfaction of well meaning men. Thus the announcement of this new ministry is also that of émeutes; revolts, &e., which will follow, and the reeults of whieh: it is nob easy to foretell. Democracy ground in proportion os the government ones if and the pre mn as the government at, and the want of energy and ot knowledge of Esparter>, of the As- sembly, and of the government, is the cause of the: de- lay in the pathof that progress which the country de sires, ‘There is nothing left but to appeal toa revolution, which will be a bieody ome. This is the last resource of & people whea thele cries of desperation are unheeded. 1 soldiers ofthe mationai muitia, who revolted when onguard at the Cortes, have not as yet been tried; hig are still in prison, and each day whisk passes, thelr criei- nality decreases, looking at the stran ath of the government presided over Kapartero and managed by ©’Domacll. ‘The minds of ail are exasperated with so many pieces of stupidity on the part ofithe ad- wigs ithe cholera, hich has just disappeared, had not As itthe o wi jast disappeared, had no’ been enough to render pitiabie the situation of Spain, rains and: heavy storms are desolati the, gountey: Everything ts paralyze; the roads, which are destroy. and lnundsted by the waters, do not permit the transit ef articles of the first necessity, and everything ts going up in price; there is no proviuos which has not to lament e losses caused by such continual floods. Ail the coasts ot Spain are fuli of vessels on shore and-wrecks thrown, up by the waves. The disorder of nature appears to be in harmony wi'h that of the men who govern this coun- and uncertain try. "Frem the Nacion (organ of tho Ministry), [translate for you the following paragrapb:— We can conceive opposition, radical, intolerant, and ex- culsive; we can comprehend that the moderados should 5€@ nothing good outsice of their own prlicy; we are not astoni-hed that the retrograde ud dissent from doctrines more liberal than their own, and we can ever accept a8 a necessary consequence, that tne ultras should never be im accord with us. But what cannot be ox- plained satisfactorily—what cannot be seen except io Spain. or rather, im the press of Madrid—is, that a mo- difi:ation of the Ministry should unite ail the oppositions, ag well thoce who wear the badge of liberty and or- der, as those others who write on their banners the di- vive right of kings, or the three words—Liberty, Equali- ty, Fravernity, rire) Sovereignty (democratic organ) I translate the Joilowing:— In eer ion, and at the same time that General Rs- partero lcses his popularity, Gevoral O’Dennell is fling up the files of the army. This ought to have a gravanig nification tor the progressistas of good faith. For us it certainly has, Again: fhe same journal desoribes the situation of the country in the following words:— Everybody is disgatisfied; deep complaints arise from every class;- men ‘of property pay their evérmous taxes cursing the goverament ; labor 1A desrroyd ; the streets of the townn are filled with hungry Jaborera begging thetr bread, trade is posrersed ot a mortal stupur; the ministerial chavges carry alarm into the ranke of ‘public office holders; cum- vlete anarchy flourishes in our provinces; the perple, in timort all psrta, are struggling with the autaorities; passions are heated, hates are cherished; capitalists have taken the alarm; fear multiplies itsel’, articles of the first necessity grow still dearer, misery is extended like a Jeprosy, and in all directions carries along with it vice andorime. Such is our situation—very fit for insurrections aud ote Epoca f the milt‘ai 1@ Hpoca, organ of tl Ty power, says :— Ferrons, who merit great credit, and who have given ua news, although incomplete, in advance of the events of Monday, tell us now that vents are preparing analo- gous fo that attempt mace against the Cortes; but that thin time their proportions are greater, and’ their im- po: tance much higher. ‘Two days afterwards it repeats :— It is natural that our iofermation should have caused a vivid impression. We ought to be believed, however, forasmuch as we predicted a month before the outbreak of the 7th that an attempt was about to be made agaiast Gen. O'Donnell, and the majority of the deputies, which would take place fo the hall of the Awembly itself. -Per- baps it was owing to that Minister’s not being present that the affair was of no more consequence. To-day, we rey thata ‘7th of January avd a new 28th of August are preparing; that the works are carried on on a great weale, and tha’ persons who have the ent/ée in political regions are not ignorant of the plans of the fature revo- lution. The tempestuous debates to which it is beheved the question of finance will give rise will present @ con- verient field tor certain patriotic manifestations. We think, also, that the government is not ignorant of what is passing. THE PEACE QUESTION. The Reported Negotiations—The Feeling in London, Paris, Berlin and Vienna—Diplo- matic Bistory of the War—Official Cireu- lars, Peace Propositions, Counter Preposi- tions and Manifestoes—Views of the Emperors, &e., en, bee THE REPORTED NEGOTIATIONS. OUR LONDON CORRESPONDENCE. Lonvon, Friday, January 25, 1856. The Great Question of Peace or War—Impression in Europe. Europe is still rather in the dark as to what is going to take place. A few deys more and all will be cleared up. The preliminaries of peace cannot be signed on the strength of telegraphic devpatch. The document itself, bearing the Russian rignature of scseptation, must first be received. It is ere this at Vienvu, and probably at London and Paris, and a copy of it will soon find tts way into one of the London journals. The fifch aiticle promises to be the stumbling block to the preliminaries. With all due deference to the supe- rior diplomacy of the gentlemen who drew vp those pro- posals, 1 think it would have been as well if they had de- fined what the points were that were kept in reserve. Why not have stated them at once? It would have saved trouble. The fifth article is in fact so generally worded that it might be liable to any interpretation. It is raid that what England means +: prohibition to reconstruct the fortress of Bomarsund; a more precise definition of the Russo-Turkish frontier in Asia, and the establishment of European conguls in the different ports of the Black Sea. The latter point is, however, contained already in ths fourth article of the proposals, which rays: ‘The protection of the commercial and maritime interests of all nations shall be assured in the ports of the Black Sea by the establishment of institutions con- formable to international iaw and to the usages established in such matters.” It is, moreover, hinted at that tho fifth article means to refer to the settlement of the Polish and Italian questions. This! very much doubt. The French government is decidedly peaceably in clined, The English government is not so much #0. I fears trickery, and thinks that @ Baltic campaign in the spring could settle the question at once and for ever. In Italy the announcement has carried a feeling o general depression among the patriots. They regard peace asa death blow to the hopes they secretly enter- tained of a regeneration of Italy. The same feeling pro- vails among the Poles and Hungarians. Meantime, pending negotiations the blockade of the Russian porta in the Baltic has recommenced, and various trading vessels have been captured by our cruisers, The mild weather had enabled no lesa than £00 vorsels to convey cargoes to Russian ports, The report that orders had been sent to suspend hosti- lities is not true, Parliament meets ina few days, and the acssion pro- mices long cedater. ‘There is no truth in the rumored Ikely resignation of Valmerston & Co, He is advecated as a fit representative of Fugiand nt the Conferences; Count de Morny for France; isrunow or Boutenieff for Russia, Wags say Prince Mens- chikoff ‘There has not been any fighting. The expected attacks tm Kersch and Kinbura had not taken place up to last advices. Me Wie MORNING EDITION—MONDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 1856. PRICE TWO CENTS. ‘OUR PARIS CORRESPONDENCE. Pams, Jan, 24, 1866. British Orimean Médals Clumsy and Lost bythe Sobdiers —Feeling Respecting. Central America—An American and ts Troubles, Since the sudden announeement of the famous fight from Elba tothe Congress which: at thet epoch: in the | world’s history was sitting at Vienna, there has been: ‘ nothing #0 startling asthe recent pacific intimation of Russia, At that time veteran warziors, geavo statos- ) fortable easy chairs, slicing wp countries with their scis ; Sore, and pasting on card-board ®. new. and symmetrice! map of Europe, when, suddenly, their oceupation was redoly interrupted by the intelligence that Napoleon was ! at Paris, the restored Bourbos at Ghent, and a:hunared ‘thousand of the bravest troops im the world were ready , to march wherever the victor ef a handred battles com- manded them to follow. Counsellors, warriors, diploma- tists, noble princes, secretaries and all, spread them- selves out like the sticks of »-fan, and fied back to those ‘that sent them. Then, it was the genius of war that brought about the dispersion, Now, it is the white robed messenger of peace who produces the same magical recults. Bute few days ago there was assembled in this farty yearsago met at Vienna. The composition, to be sure, was sligh¢ly different, for at the head of the council board sat Napoleon Bonaparte; by his side, the brother of the former banished Emperor, surrounded by the representative of Mnglish royalty—the Duke of Cambridge—Admiral. Lyons, and twenty oth- ers—marsbals, generals and: admirals of France —tintent on sketching out « campaign whish in rts result, shouKl reconstruct the Kuropean map, and cripple for a century.oneof the foremost powers of the world Reviews, distributions of medals, balls, dinners, Fites, Acgged the footsteps of. these personages.on cack occasion when the-counoilrose. All Europe was playing bo-peep to pick up a word. Newspaper correspondents were prowling about diplomatic edifices for but a crumb ot formation. The monied interest was fluttering like satricken bird—the- mother’s heart blei for her son, over whom the fate of, battles hung—the martial youth of Europe wont to bed and dreamt of corpses, medals, batons, peernges end princedoms, when, all at once, everything is turned upside down, the Counell of War has vanished like » vapor, its English contingent is flying in hot haste across the Channel, thefands jump up gix or Seven per cent, the warrior’s arm is withhold, orders are vent to every seaport for the workmen to hold their hands, avd provr7ons and munitions of war are suddenly a glut in the sourket. It is really impossible to describe the intense oxcite- ment which conticuer to prevatl tm every circle. Every cne has eviceutiy been caught “napping,” for it Is clear nobody anticpavei the ‘act. The truth 1s, the principal party himéelt—tie Czar Alcxander—was surprised, for he accepted terms which, only a few days before, he had pronounced inadmissible. Tho King of Prussia, whose rdle in the present European drama hes throughout been regarded with supreme contempt, appears, after all, to have found the matuspricg of the whole business. Couat Manteuffel aecertained for him at Vienna that the Austrian offensive and defensive treaty with Prussia, signed April 20, 1864, was, de fact, at an ond, and that the territories of Prussia, already menaced by the con- templated b'ockade of her ports, was not safe for a mo- ment; that, in fact, Austria was steeped to the chin in the Western uliiance, and without the acceptance, Ruseia, of the propositions, the aliies would infallibly have the assistance ot he: armies, There was no mis- take about it this time; and King William, tho- roughly alarmed, wrote off instanier letters to the Czar, ‘and also to the grand Duke Covstantire. M. de Nessel- rode took the opportunity of skilfully combining ali these matters and leyixg them before the Council ot State at St. Petersburg, the reeult of which was s mpjority in favor of terms which had been indignantly refused a cay or two before, aud the Czar accepted the propositions. The fifth point, about which so much bas been said— namely, the power to impose special guarantees—I sus- pect was not eft so vaguely as the words imply, The nature of these guarantees was explained to Russia be- fore she signified her acceptance of the propositions, and they apply to the non-reconstruction of Bomarsund, the establishment of conruls in the Euxine, and the exact Cemarcation of the Russian frontier in Asia, It remains to be seen how the Russian population will view the matter, for they are no less suddenly taken aback than every one else. We hear that the war mania was at its height onthe morning of the 16th, and at night a rumor prevailed that the Czar had yielded. Ono cannot help suspecting that the European ferment of the last two years cannot be instantly allayed by the ‘‘yes”” or “no?” of one man, be he King or Kaisar; and not- withstanding the reputed good faith of Alexander, difii- culties may yet arise over which he is powerless. A genera) report prevails that the conferences or con- gress to be held will take place here, The Emperor is said to be anxious that Paris should have this advantage. The French nation, he says, so sorely wounded in her amour propre by the treaties of Vienna, cannot fail to be tyuched by such an act of confidence on the part of England. Besides, this is the season when Parisian com- merce tooks to make ity returns, and the presence of a number of dignitaries will give the season an impulse which, in a political as well as commercial point of view, is most Cesirable after the sacrifices the army has made, He argues that in London, where a free Parliament will de sitting, a congress would be quite misplaced. It is suspected that Lord Palmerston himself intends to be the representative of England, and that a conviction of the immense value of time to him would tend to cut short discussions which might otherwice be prolix. The three British Parliament Tuesdays, Wednesday is always a dies non, This, therefore, would easily Premier’s absence for a couple of days, and London are within eight hours, by is trains as Prime Ministers can command. such expr ‘The Crimean medal distriouted to the French troops in the name of the Queen of England is so heavy that it breaks away from the te which fastens it to the coat. Awong the articles picked up and deposited at the Pre- fecture for the last week are no lors than twelve of these mecals, which have been lost by the soldiers. In political circles I find strong belief in the justice of the American view of the Central American question. The French view is decidedly in accordance with that of the United States. ‘If,’? tt is suid, +I make with my proprietor an engagement not to oveupy his apartment, | pledge my- self to withdraw from ir.” The word ‘ prospective” cannot apply in such @ case without an absurdity; and it is not possible to believe that Sir Heary Bulwer understood the words in any other sense than Mr. Clayton. Every one desires to see this bone of contention removed, #0 00n as the Russian business js arranged. It may be remembered that in July last, Mra, Ridgway, an American lady of great beauty and wealth, rest dent in Paris, brought an action before the Civil Tribunal sgainst the Duke de Valmy and others, to establish her claim to share with her relative, the Duchess ¢e Plaisance, in the distribution of the Property appertaining to the fami She did th's in right of her descent from Thomas Lloyd Moore, brother of Elisabeth Moore, who was mar- ried to M. Barbé de Marbois, father of the Duchess. The case turned on the legitimacy of the birth of the said Ser and sneer Lweghd end as i Beg bef o succeed owing that an en’ 8 famil oie mf forth the fact that Wiiliam Stove ant Sarak Lloyd were married 13th December, 1757, besides other proofs, the tribunal admitted her claim. ’ From this de- cision ‘the Duke de Valmy has now appealed, and yestor. day M, Beroyer, his advocate, required that Mrs, Rig way thould come into court to prove the authenticity of the entry in tLe family Bible.” M. Defaure, Mra. itlég. way’s a te, objected, but said if the Court granted an appeal, he should be able to prove not only f:om the entry in the family Bible, but from other documenta: evidence, that the decision of the Civil Tribu was just. The Court bas ordered an investigation. Everything in the shape of scaffolding now dis- appeared from the Louvre and from the new Rue Rivoli, and one {8 lost in wonder at the tio labor which has been effected in so short « aj time. The extraor- dinary mildness of the winter has permitted the works to go on vninterraptedly, and now an architectural coup Woril is presented to the stranger’s view, such as couid be found in no other city. Some of the stone carving at the Jonvre is as fine an the most delicate lace. It was & difficulty at the outset to find workmen competent to undertake such artistic labor, there having of late years been #0 little done in this way. This difficulty however, surmounted by the following means:—The bourg St, Antoine, if not rich im stone carvers, waa abundantly sapped with the most skilful wood seulptors. What mattered it to them to which material they applied thetr chisel, Une Bh remuneration was ? The consequence was, applications were made to the govern- ment suthorities, which were eagerly accepted, the ordi- nary wages being doubled. Thus Paris has been crowded with stone artizans of @ class immensely superior, and the work «xecuted 1s found to exceed in beauty any which the cldert meen mer (8 cap produce. Tt is this which has T coated Nap ty glorify bus reign in @ manner quite foeen hehe £ St. haques ie Bou.Letis, ‘a ibe oom Bey area tk } wtriking besuties in a city Martling Effects of the Peace Newe—No'hing. Like st Since the Rdurnof Napoleon from: Elba— Quick Dtipersion of the Council of War—Phe- Crar Himaclf’ Surprised — Points to be Negotiated— England's Repreemtative—IN: Lawautt— Public Tinprovements—The: Napoleon: Dynasty- / men, astute diplomatists, were besily cecupied, in com , capital a council of scarce lesa solemnity than that which & delicacy of detail which rendes it one of the most woere everything ebe in beau~ statues of the heroes of the Grand Army which ornament Louvre, are mapy of them worthy to be placed by some of the best models of amtiquity. part ef relations w! ‘iuagreeable look witht. The resson. prom otion of Prince Napoleon’s officers. OUR BERLIN CORRESPONDENCE. Baru, Jan. 22, 1866. ‘The Acceptance of tite Peace Propositions by Russta—The Effect and Excitement in Berlin—What are the Perms? — Wilh they Lead to Peace ?—dR de Secbach’s Miesion— Is hea Special Envoy of Napoleon ?—Marriage in the Royal Fumily, dc , dc. The universal exeitement occasioned by the late joyfay |, intel'igence from St. Petersburghas not yet subsided. No- thing is talked of but the approaching peace, and many |, are the: hopes and expectations it gives rise to. The Stock Exchange has been taken completely by surprise, and recuritien of all. kinds, after experiencing a steady } fall for several weeks together, have suddenly grown as p buoyant as corks, and are rising like the quicksilver in the thermometer on a sunny: day; the bulls are rampant, ‘and the bears in a state of desperation. fiven nature ap- Pears to sympathize with the gemeral feeling, and after » | bitter cold spell the weather lies all at once become so mild and genial, that people are laying aside their furs, and preparing for the advent of spring, which soems ready to burst prematurely upon the ‘‘ winter of our dis- content.” So far the prediction I hazarded in the letter addrossed . to you on Christmas eve has been verified. After some , hesitation, real or affected, the Czar has accepted the Austrian propositions, and the conferences of Vienna will soon be disinterred from the tomb of all the Capu- , lets, in which they have reposed quietly for the last nine } months or so. I hope I may be mistaken, but I am in- clined to believe my anticipations respecting the issue of } the negotiations about to be emtered on will turn out t> } be equally well founded. Tho-public are apt to be obli- vicus, but they ought to recollect that this is the third time that proposals, traommiited through the median. of Austria to the Gourt of St. Petersburg, haa beem ac- cepted, “purely and simply,’ as the French have it; the first did not prevent the war from breaxing ont, the second from continuing with redoubled force and exas- eration, andit remains to be seen whether the third will lead to more favorable results. It should not be overlecked that the “four points,” even with a fitth tacked to them. are not a regular treaty of peace, but only the prelimfnaries, or basis, on which the treaty is to be cenoluded, and sre nearly all of them go Toosely worded as to be susceptible of a widely different interpre- tation. For instance, it is stipulated that neither of the two Powers possessing territories on the Black Sea is to retain war arsenala or fortifications on the coast which might interfere with the in‘ended “neutralization,” but does this clause include Nicholaieff, which is not exactly on the Back Sea, but on the river logul? And what refe- rence has it tothe Sea of Azoff, which is really a mare densum, being completely eurrounded by Russian terri- tory? If the Fea of Azcffis included, wouM not the Rus- saos be justified in requiring the neutralization to be ex- fended to the Sea of Marmora’ Again, the “recti- fication” of the Rusrien frontier on the Danubs is grevted hy that Tower in exchange for the positions oceupitd by the shies in the Crimea; but how is it with Kars? No mention is made of that fortress in ths five points, and ala is, thore- fore, under no evgugements concerning it, Is she to keep it, or can she be expected to give it up without an equivalent, when the allies insist upon one for their con- ques'a? Altogether, the regulation of the frontiers may lead to endlese difficultice, as the French or Austrian diplcmatists, when drawing their new line of demarca- tion, omitted to avcertain the existence of the mountanm- ous tidge which is stated to extend from Chotym to the Danube, and which no one acquain‘ed with the topogra- phy of thore regions has ever heard of before. The re- ligious question, to which Russia has always affected to attach so much importance, is, perhaps, the knotticst point of any, it beirg clearly impossible to secure the Rayahs in the enjoyment of the civil and retigious im- munities promised them without the Christian powers exercising a surveillance fatal to the independence of Turkey, which it was the ostensible object of the war to Gefend and gua-antee. Thus the pacific termination of this great struggle is hedged round on al) sides with doubts and difficulties that cen only be overcome by the disp'ay of great tact on the vart of the mediating Powers, and a conciliatory spirit on that of the belligerents. If all parties were sin- cerely desirous of peace, it would of course be coneluied, even in the face of obstacles still more appalling. Now, {t is notorious that whatever may be the opinions of the Fnglish government, the English nation have no such desire; and as to Russia, we may reasonably suspect that she is now anxious to dissolve the formidable coali- tion arrayed against her, or to prevent it from being strengthened by the accession of new members, than to make peace on conditions mortifying to her price, though not permanently affecting her power. By renewing the con‘erences she affords Austria an excuse for persisting in her “ masterly inactivity," deters the Scandinavian kingdoms from openly joining the allies, paralyzes the warlike preparations of France and England, and then may break off the negotiations at any time rather than sign @ final treaty on the terms offered her. The question is, therefore, will the allies consent to meet their adversary half way, and compromise the mat- ter by mutual concessions? It is pretty certain that England, if left to herself, would not abate one iota of her demands, but it is generally believed that Louis Na- poleon will show himself less inexorable, and tt is now and then hinted that Baron Seebach was the bearer of a con- fidential message to that effect from the French autocrat to the Emperor Alexander. To be eure, the English papers scout the idea of the Saxon diplomatist having been entrusted with any such commission, and even go the length of asserting that his journey was entirely un- copneoted with politics; but no one in his senses will be- lieve that Nessolrode’s son-in-law would post off from Paris to Petersburg, in the depth of winter, for no other purpose than to wish his papas merry Christ- mas end happy New Year. On the contrary, both here and in Paris, M. de Seebach’s expedition was locked upon as an event of the highest importance, and Ihave heard it stated on good authority, shat it is to his representations and not to the persuasive eloquence of Count Buol, that the unexpected acquiescence of the Caar is to be attributed. It ts well kaowa how devoted his Galhe Majesty is to the ‘ Jdees Napoléomiennes,”’ how jealously he endeavors to revive the tradi ions of the first Empire, and how eagerly he copios it even in its smallest minutiw, and possibly he may be willl sent the world with the spectacle of a second Nap Qrecend Alexander concin¢ ing a second pence of Ii meeting at a second congress of Krfurt. , and Bentdes, he has attained all the objects which really indaced him to wage war against the barbarians of the North. He has raised himselt to the same pre-eminence among the sovercigns of Korope that was enjoyed by the late Czar Nicholas; his troops have covered themselves with glory at the ex- pense of their friends as well as of their enemies, and he may think it high time to repose upon his laurels, and to occupy himself with the internal condition of his Empire, which is notjjuite so satisfactory aa its external relations. As for the man of the coup @état being seriously apxious to promote the cause of humanity and civilization, which has served him as so vecitd # wtaiking horve for hia ambition, that, of course, call gndge. At avy rate, he i+ now more than ever ** maater of the situation,” and the tate of the world de- pence upon his nod. ‘The whereabouts of the future congreas is not yet de- cided upon. Some mention Paris, others Dresden or By useels, but all previous negotiations having been carried on at Vienna, transferring them to another would evince want of consideration towards Austria, which the Western Powers are not likely to be guilty of, after she bas ine been ex herself so successfully in their favor. Prussia, who had seconded the Austrian ultima- tum by the most urgent tations, though without making its rejection a casus belli, will certainly be invited to at end the conferences, and thus resume her place in the European ‘concert.’ [tis rumored that our Pre- mier, Baron Manteuffel, will appear there in propria rer- sora, tupported by Count Alversben, an ex-Minister of sate, and Prussian Plenipotentiary at the conferences of Dresden 1m 1860. At present the Court of Berlin fa eaeeg es iain rece of festivities occasioned by the fancailles of the daughter of the Prince of Prussia, with the Prince Regent of Baden, which came off on Thursday last. The relatives of both the royal families here collected together in great force to wit- me the happy event, and balls, masquerades and reviews follow each otherin rapid succession. The King is in high spirits; and by the promiring resutt of hia pacific endeavors in the field of politics, he has ven- tured upon & still more difficult tark, and {s actually anid to have effected a reconciliation between the Quem and her sister-in-law, the Prinoers of Prussia, who have had a domestic feud of many years’ standing. His health, how- ever, continves to ba precarious; the complaiat which br bt him to the verge of the grove afew i eo aeacer ing We tos © {t is feared s repitition of the attacks will eventually Tead to tata) cons: quevers. Atter unusnaDy protracted vacations, the Chambers, a4 phy et aE , bave , Tn the of , the Piinee of Hohenlote has bean constitution ‘purely and of more to thecondition of Pariahs and debarred trom the Ne-doubt the liberal par- ty in the Chambers will do everything in their power te t these projects, but their ranks have bem se thinned by the fate elections, as to deprive them of the bility of offering any effectual resistance, and um- government interfere to moderate the ardor of their too zealous supporters, the reaction can hardly fail te obtain a complete triumph. OUR VIENNA CORRESPONDENCE. Vina, Jams 21, 1966, The Peace Rumors—What is Phougnt of them in Vienna— Will Kars be Given Up?—Will England Agree to @ Peace?—The Necessity of a Peace to Kurope~ Arrivcat ¢ Captain Benham of the United States Engineers, dic. Since last I addressed you (this doy week) o mighty: change has taken place in the political situation of af- fairs in Europe. Before these lines can reach their des- tination you will doubtless have been informed by your Tondon and Paris correspondents that, contrary te the gene'al wxpectation, the Emperor of Russis condescentied to acoept the Austrian ultimatum on the 17th inst., om which day, in the evening, about nine o'clock, a tele~ graphic despatch waa received by the Imperial Cabinet from Count Esterhazy, the Austrian Ambassador at St. Petersburg, announeing this important event. It ao hap- pened that ball was givem on the same evening at the imperial palace, and the Emperor ot Austzia availed him- seif of this opportunity to communicate this all-im- portant intelligence to his distinguished guests. As may be easily supposed, this great event, which holds Out reascnable prospects of'a apeedy peace, has been umi- versally greeted with the most lively and: unfeigned satis- faction, especially in this city. But althongl: the world at large is apparently extremely confident that the peace Begotiations thus auspiciously begun will also be brought tos bappy nd successful termination, yet it will be wise not to indulge in over-sanguine expectations, There are yet many and extremely grave difficulties to be overcome before the anxiously wished for peace cam be finally concluded. Thecourier whois ‘expected to ar- rive here from St. Petersburg on the 24th inst., with the written despatches confirmatory of the telegraphic inteltt- gence that the Russian Cabinet has “fally and without retervation”’ accepted the ‘five’’ points of the Austrian: Froporals, must be patiently awaited, and the detatls of these despatches must become known before » safe and sound judgment can be passed upon this unoxpested concession on the part of the Emperor Alexander IL, whe bas thus subscribed to preliminaries of peace, de- tated, aa it were, by the Vienna Cabinet, and acting im accoroance with its Western allies. The great question which has to be uozuveiled is, how far may the sincerity of Russia, in her presoot unreserved acceptance of the Austrian ultimatum, be relied upon? Strange to aay, the five points of the uliimatum were framed and for- warded to St. Petersburg before the capitulation of Kars was known in Europe, and hence it is doubted by scme politicians whether the restitution of Kere te Turkey is sufficiently provided for in this otherwise veey ably drawn up State paper, the contents of which ece now to serve) as peace preliminaries. These reasoners, locking at th matter in a lawyer like spirit, apprehend that, unless @e genera principle here applies, that the integrity of the Ottoman empire is the firat indispensable condition for $)l peace negotiations, Russia may yet act up claims of indemnificstion, if called upon to restere Kars and the Tarkjsh territory in Asia, now in her pos- ression, which, supposing they aimed at an extension § her former Asiatic boundary, may prove exscedingly fn- convenient, and mcre especially so to Fagland, as neither France nor Austria would have any direct interest at stabe in contending against such claims. But these are doubts and misgivings which can only be entertained by those who are prepared to impugn Russia’s ai in the present peace negotiations, For my owm part, I bave reason to believe that, with the excep. tion ot Eng'and, ali parties are sincerely rejoiced at tke setual prospects of peace. They bave all had enough of war. The early restoration of peace ia also more or Jess # necessity for them all—England, aa { have before raid, alone excepted. Russta pants for peace, having neither hopes nor prospects of finding allio ready voassist her in carrying on the war; and without them, her chances of being worsted increase from year to your, 4s her enemies increase in number and power from ome campaign to wnother. Russia, therefore, bas much te jose, and hardly anything to gain by a further proseou- tion of the war; besides, her internal resources, both im point of men and treasure, have already been fearfully exhausted; her commerce has been already sadly ruined, and her revenues bave been lamentably crippled. She wants peace, ina word, to enable her to resover botia physically and morally from the disastrous effects of the war; and above all, she must feel the necersity of righting herself again in the geod opinion and estimation of Europe. The Emperor Alex- ander II., therefore, hae motives sufficiently powerful te induce bim to conclude a peace, though the price of peace be both dear and bitter.’ oar Turkey stands more in need of peace than ang other in Inorallg Power on the tace of the globe. The sick man as bard up as it is possible for a Sultan to be, whose em- pire and government superabound with (he elements of an inevitable dissolution, which nothing vut complete regeneration can effectually stave ‘of time. ‘The greatest boon which can be acearded i is—a speedy peace, In now concluding this peace, France will also be vastly benefitted; the former prestige of her arma under Napoleon I. regained, and fresh laurels earned, to gratify the national pride, Napoleon III. has ree cured and influenced a power for his country in Ku such ano monarch in France, since the days of great uncle, cculd boast of. It must be confessed that great have been the sacrifices which the French nation have mace since the commencement of this struggle, ‘the Emperor Napoleon knows end feels this full well But his is unquestionably the great master mind thet mainly rules the cestinfes of Europe in our days; and there is every reason to believe that he conceives the measure ot the sacrifices of his country to be full, objecta in waging the present war have been achicved— rucoess has attended his policy. France and Eu- rope would now be grateful to him for the ration of the peace. With this tude of the civilized world, the Emperor French foresees that the consolidation of his and the greatness of France will become in: ly terwoven; and hence Oy eer Ill. will now be fousd te aren Peace with ali the sincerity and determination Tpore, here are many people here, who are generally well formed, who firmly believe’ trae the framing of Austrian ultimatum, its transmission to St, Petersbarg, its advocacy there by Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony; tte first qualified and final unconditional acceptance by [os fil i the desired result, id est—| deal is said about the resolute polley of Austria in these latrer negotiations; nor is it posatble to deny the highest meed of praise to her She will and must come ont of these complications, if a peace be now concluded, with flying colors, and deservedly #0; bat the fact ot ber havirg consider reduced her army aimort peters ni theni te in, about six weeks to he ceparture of Count Valentine Katerhazy with the wlti- matum for St. Petersourg—is a very curious cire and one which goes a great way saad we the sus) of the existence of a presoncerted acheme. An again, the secret mission of Baron See! the Ambassador at the Court of the Tuileries, Coen emeoay trom Paria to St. savors much & confirmation suspicion. But the great and all-important now ae eng a such a plot for the of Europe to have entire ey cae Engiond be Je ling party to it? Probabilities are against such am as- sumption. The general opinion here, is, that Rngland ia at heart averse to these negotiations, and that ber Britannic Mejesty’s nt to assent thereto, ‘ ‘mal gré,”’ out of for their great Erench ally! In that England nelther wishes nor wants a peace just yet, for reasons too op- vious to require recapitulation from my pen. If thm be #0, the ae, conclusion of ® general peace must extremely problematical, Be this na hereon than Tae General Count Stakelburg, the Russian Military potentiary attached to the embasty here acviva. + ways Ago, and Yostnctay hat ens