The New York Herald Newspaper, February 11, 1856, Page 2

his e & tenia af Win oertiy after the arrival of the s7urier who isexpectel om the 24th inet, missive, are forthwith to de teken assembling & Peace Congress Frankfort. or Dresden, fot fettlement cf whe goueral ‘rea! Meantine, we ace assured iplomatic are to be precedet by o in is a Brmed Be orders for of bosti.ities a iled ¥ daa already been forwarded commending ‘a ‘seats of war in the Crimes and in Asis, With to settle convenient lines of Jemarkatica, wud rumen ls. f Cos, ea ae a and { shoul sup nue affadisity Semeea rosie spisueus of late, THE VIEWS OF RUSSIA. On the adjournment of the Conference of Vienna, and tae temporary interenp:ion of nego: lations, Goum: Nes wetrede explained the views of Russia, and the position ‘St. PErERauurG, Aprfl 29. 1855. Sm—The deliberations of the Conference of Vieana. whbout balsa Seals, broken off, remain qaspenced, the of France and of Gres: Britain naving their instructions exhausted. LJ ) oa lespatoh of the 25th of February made you ae qpinted with the spiit im which tne instrac ions were euncrived which the | a peror Nichelss, of glorions memory, gave to his representatives when the Vi-nea ecnferences were about to be opened. Oo.trmed dy ou- g@ugust master on his advent to the throne th se cires. dens were faithful.y a:%d upon dy the pienipoteamtiaries selected by his Mujesty to take part in tha: important —~S= It comprised four que-tions -— |. Immunities of the Principalities. 2. Navigation of the Danube. 3. of the treaty of 1841. 4, Guarantee of the re'igious aud eivil liberties of tho ‘Christian tion, sucject to the domiaution of the Ottoman empi'e, Be'ere entering into s discussion of these articles. the Buslan jpotemtiacies made a formal declaration, as tmsorted in protoc i] 1. It is as follows:— Prince Gorischakotf saye~lIt is entering into the de Pp oa re eg a Ae Rr pen Sel tean or ‘We have all the same 8 poole also bape we have he same object in view—came'y, 3 Peace—a peace which can oniy be sold snd of pract! eal value it honora'le to paraee if fog n qaar‘er Whatever it should be attempted to imyose *ecnditions ups Beers for thst peace incompatible with her houor, Russia ‘would rever consent to them, however serious might be whe ewmeejuences. Suen was the point of departure which the Rawisn ipowntisries, confurmasty to the or: . Clearly establinhed st the very oat gotistions, No member of the Conference concested the ‘validity of that ceclaration of ae pie. Par from tt; they each of them attested thaf it waa far from tha in- tenteon of their Cabinets to make propositions hartfal to the dignity cf Russia. On the swrengh of those s- surances Loe Celiverations opened on tne Lith of March. ‘The sictings of the 17th and 18th of Macch were de- voted to the quention of tse Priccipa.ities. It waa seitiod honorably, loyally, and disinterestedly, as the late Fm. peror wished it, his august thoughts he had essentisiiy at Beart to maintain the populations of Moldavia, Wal- 3 achis and of Servis in the peacefnl evjoymen: of tae re- 2 igious and civil immuni ites which Russia had sssued to them as the prico of her blood shed for a century in the eaase of her co-religionis's. Their immunities remain intact. The protocols of @ienna 2 and 3 have se ved to consclidate their main'e- @ance under the collective tee of all the high @entracting parties. this guarantee the privileged régime ot the Principalities enters the domain of the law ‘ei public right in Europe. Hitherto the care o? watch- dmg over the exe-utionof tre engagements taken by the Porte in her quality of sovereign Power fall aon Rasaia Henceforth she will share that obligation wich the ether guarantesi Powers. ‘will put an end to that feeling of rivalry which the exslu- aive surveillance exercised by Russia gave rise to. Bor too lerg a time public opinion nad denounced that state of ewe tred of the stranger under the mowe of the Russian protectorate. This is the proper place to remind you that you will not tind that expres- gion used imsny of our treatics—sither in that of Kai- varejf, or in.that of Bucharest, or in the convention of Akerman, or in tho t: of Adrianople, There could ibe no question therefore of erasing from our acts a pro- poser iar gpa SN aa ae im the - ad eontracted a promi guarantee the prosperity of the Principalities. Tae treaty of Adrianovie confirmed that — ‘The Imperis! cabinst has fuldilied it again to yy, and will fulfil] it in the fature, when {n common ac- with all the Powers, it places the ummunities of ther Principalities under the formal asnetion of the hw @ pubile right in Kurope. in this point of view the Vienna protoceis deserve a ‘eciation as@ “ricer ap ledge of security aided .@ bases uypn which the pol Be litical and national exist- ence of the Danubian provinces reposes, The imperial eabinet has the satisinctory convistion of having loyally saceomplisbed that result with the double objet of as- sw@uring on the one hand the welfare of those countries, w@nd, on the other, of putting aside new canses of mit w@ndersianding, rivalry, and perturbation from polities in ral. Tt was in the same spirst that the Russian plenipster- “téaries discussed and so!ved the section question—that of ‘the navigation of the Danube. It was the objec: of she aittings of the Zist and 2d of March. By protocols fomr and five it was agreed to apply to the navigation of the Danube the principles generaliy o- tabiishea conc river communications by the acts ‘sf the Congress of in Virtue of toat legial «tiv: @ mixed commission will henceforth have the task of Hi Big? removing the material obmecles which have fmpeied the | tion, and on more then one occasion Bave given ™MBavion happily overoome the aidintton preventel iz overcome iouttion the first two articles, the pieni; \tiaries eda examination of the third, comprised under denomina- ‘tion of revision of the treaty of the 13th of July, 184%. ‘The Imyerial Cabinct iy awaited the explanation of the views the Western Powers held on this point. Hitbe:to their intentions, variow: arther by the press or in Parifament, by defined ‘in the preliminary meetings held at Vieans on the 28th of December sud the 7th ot Jammary. At that period, the representatives of France amd id had Limited themselves to a ste‘ement that, in the eyes of their cabinets, the revision of the treaty of BAI ovght to have the object of connecting ia a more @cmplete manner the existence of the Ottoman empire tw equilibrium of Lurope, and to put an end to the x gareraniner of Russia in the Bleck Sea. As regards arrangements for cacryimg oui that object, the plenipotentiaries bad declared that they de} too auch upon the events cf the war to allow the bases to be settied st onow. Pubhe manifrstations in France and England, however, mufficienly betrayet whe idea which lurked behind these words, It uimed at the destruction of Sebartopo!. Donbt) acoording to the ealculations of the inate of 1 pm and Faris, tae military operations in the Crimea, going hand in hand with cip!cmatic deliberations, were to ind ueuce tne sane of the Vienna conterences. ‘When they opened, the anticipation wae not justi(led by events, ‘and therefore the name of sebastcpal was mever uttered. Russia is indebted for this silence t BDeroie resistance of her brave generals, officers, rai “+ ood soldiers. Their noble devotion has been the must victorious meaxs of negotiation. The Imperial Cabinet deems itself im beicg shle to say so, in ite pro pepee tke combinutione of eur adversaries took another share snd assurced ancther tone. In the conference of ‘the .5th of Mareh, the plentpotentiarios of France and Fogland advanced the {doe that is was for the two Powers pcevessing coast territory om the Black See to concert together the meens of equalizing their navel forces, Abstaining, however, from mauling a clear and precise proporal om the eubject, they left it to the Rus rian plenipotentiaries to txke thd initiative of the aea- ures which the imperial Cabiee, might deem it advieable to indica'e spontaneously, with a view to extbiiah a Just ecuilinrium between the relative forces. Prince Gortschaked and M. Titoli, without prejndgi the intentions of their Court, thoug at 1) a¢visebie wv av certain the Hmperor’s decision as to che aAw aspect given to the third point under diseuseiva. This community of duties | sovereign, cf which he was ‘he | which. scaperial who wil grobatly be sho bearer — iuseian signature to the ape eA peace, | NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, FEBRUARY li, 1856. 4 maser, they mate ene of the prelial- * oe ; aoe repranel tative to ni with | Saba eee | aoe Se, bad oegned wo vrovide Lim | cise instructions apareved by hic Majesty sttoe or ‘aes year in the exjeetatio dof the opsming of the Vienna For he sake of more clesrpes», | will briefly state the exact ten TCf those instrucimsy They stat trom the princip’e that ce Sultan, as sovereign of the territory tenebing the ‘wo straits of tne Dardanelles and of the Burp us. bes a rigtt to opem or stut the parenge. ‘They ore pot opt to throwing open ‘ke Flack ~sa *o foreigu ‘lags, it she Porte itself aduaits the princip's. In that case “hey dedused the nacural consequence cf a perfost reciprosity, so thar Ruselan veowls might *e free to pars the straits, 10 enter the Mediterranean in the same manner thst fore’gn ship of war migat navigate tre Black Ses. They moreowr, admitted the t line rty of the Sol'aa to excrete sovereign rights 40 are) p Tnrkivh ports as berbdors of refnge and provision- Beperor beo utborieed eventually. kis pleipormnt arian peror bao aut! ized. event , his |porenta’ to give their assent to the sbrogavioa of the principle of = straits. fal to the idea of bis august utborizteg bis Fair] father, the Fampecor Alexander iL 14 to his plenipo'em isrie- 10 e4- here strictly to the instra:tions with which they were already prévided. decision known % ‘them on the Il:h of Ap ii. thorize them the sittirg of the 26 b of March, and 10 diveuss the mat- ter thoroughly, fearing to our adversaries the obdgation of tak Dp tbe initictvo of w revision provoked by the Western Powers, aod not by the Russian Cevinet. the. afer they received the in.crustiom: of their Court, ce Gortachsk«ff and M. Titoff In “be 10:b ait ting, that of the 17th of Aprii, put it to the penipoten- fariee of Frauce ané Exgland 7 expl in themselves a* . to the mecifications their Cabmewe desired to have made in vbe wreaty of 1841. ‘ These modificat: na ove the 1th and 12th sit- vic ga, of vhe 19ta ano 2lat ef Ap-il. tn the Ge ace the pienizoeptlaries of the Western Powers exylaimd the plan concerted between thelr courte. in the tecond the plenipstentiaries of Russia prevented s counter preject Dered upon the instructions of the Imperial Caniner. ‘We wit bricfly analyze doid, The tirst project read im the sitting of the 19¢h of April consia sof ten articles. (dare fellow the tea articies, alvency published tn tbe papers presented to Parliament, Annex A to protocoi XI.) afer this project was read, be Survian pleniporentisries, withous eatering fate a discus: kn of the ar'ivles from 3 to 10, reserved to them- selves to give a ly in the next conferen:e as to the mode of so ntion a. Tre sacidity of 16) graphic communications estab'ivbed Detween Vienwa and -t. Petersburg enadled Prince Cori ebaboff to bring the proposals made on the 19th of 4 il imomedia ely to the znowledge of the [mperial Cablac: They didered sasentiaily. prima faci, fom the very remarkable deduition whish tors Joha Russell osias- Mrhed on she 26th of &M: to serve a3 & rule tor the solution of the problem which formed tre ubyect of the otnal Celiberatinn, Let ua quote the words of the nes plenipotentiary, iaverted in the text of pro,o- col 6 Lord Job Russel! recalling the declaration made a: the opening of the meguinten By Prince Gortecbakot” that be Would cores: io ro eondithn inoampatiole with the houor of Russe waintawed ‘hat in tLe eyes of Mugiand and of her al- les the bes: and ov ly sdmiss bie cogditions of pesce would be those whieb. being be mos: in barmiow’ with te hovor of Hus- wis, abould at the same time be suifleieat for the security of kurope ard tor crevenvvg a efurn of complications such as tha: ‘be seitiement of which is now in 4 Aiter bis drowrarioa waae focmaily in the con’er- ence of ‘be 261h of March, Lord Joho Kussall cannot 96 surpri-ed toat the proj siioas made on the 19th of April were not jndged py the Imperial Cabinet ss ‘the dest and only admi-athle onee,”’ to quote the words of the English pecipoten lary. In syoth, to mit the numoer of versel» in the Black Fea, while tse asval forces in the Mrditeraarean remained without control; t> o he Dardarelles and the Bxphoroa to France and nd, while ciored to tha Rassian tisg; tinally, to stipulate te pomination of foreign Cansus in our pots without the impertal goverument having it in its power to revasa them the exajuaiur— a right exj.yed equally by France ap) England tv the tarri‘ories submitted to their rute— surely these were net concitions of a nature to assnre ings of s slid and durabd'e peace to Korope; for ion, to he & permanent one among States, mast ally honorabie; otherwise it ia not peace, Dut an be wu armis.ioe. These consideraticns rf clipe in thelr exact truth, ati realty the combinations suggested by the plon‘pota of brance and England would hove ed fower aad less sclid oledges ‘or tue peace of Europe than the p'an drawn up by the late ha- peror. He three open the Black sea trocly tothe flaga of ‘all nations, Tberoby be pn an end to the isolation of the Ottoman empi:e, and to the spprebension cazsed in foreign States by t proportion of the naval forces ot the two Powers whe have territory in the Blaok Sea. by cessing to be che+d it was wade 2ecens: zo the surweil- lanee aad orservation of all orber powers. Tais did away also with the fear of the presnmed danger to which tue capital f the Ottweran empie might be exposed by the vant’y of ovr naval establishments. In a word, that plan, coneeives by & policy at the same time provicent ani dis- interested, would, on the one band, have afforded a per- menent guaraniy of secarity ww Kurope, while, on the other, the digni'y of Russia would not have suffered in the slightest degree, Un her side ahe would have oytain- ec equal rights for her flag by the opening of the Darda. will complete the pre. a P' nel es an: Of the Bospherus. On doth sigea there would heve been, in the adoption of this plan, the more ot a periect scciprocity. which torws the basis ot interna- tienal serstions, the immatable principle of justice which the sentiment of honor of every nation approves and re- spects, Yenewwated with this conviction, our august master Telterated to hie representatives the order of adhering to the exocution of that puanas given in their instrac- tions wnder the late Emperor. ‘The te.egraphic somnranications gave ingredible celeri- } ‘Thus, on tke 2th of March, the delfberations were | edjoumned until a reply ognid of received ma tersou'g. During the interval, the planipotents Austria and Xussia agresd that it would be adrisst to the examination of the fourth article, relative t the immunities of the Christilan popntations in tae Heat. As you are ew the national feeling of Kanai taches so bigh and so seticws an importance to thi question, that the late Tim; boA offered bis rapro- eentatives to give it the first place ia the text of the tie & Uke Ih abont to be meg meg gibbon A S61M, grandeur t Interost, eommon to the “foie ot Christianity, in she unanimous 1 avowed object of watching over, by & Faro; act future wefare of the Uhristian populadens of we East wr hout distinesien of form of worrhip. We rej to say that the plenipotentiatie: & Franca and Evgiand, after the fnstructicns of sei Courter, retared to mn the examination of question as lovg ae discussion on the thied potn: wae ip a state of suspense, The formalities require 1 rtate and explain that refusel oooupied the seven"n and eigntn ditting, of the 20th of Metab and 24 of April April—vwas de- The ninth «t of the oth roted to the verification of the full powers of M. Drougm a’Lhuys and of Ali Pasbs. The proseace of the Frenoh Ninister of Foreign Affaire, in giving an sdditional de- gree of importance to the tal of the Contersoce, ecewed to strengthen the bope entertained thet they would lead to a pacific solution, That hope dimiainned in the subsequen’ meeting, which Ihave to doveriba, ‘On the Lftn of April the Raseinn plenipotentiaries ro crived:the inetruetions they had demanded, They were based actmple and tener principle ; the idea of submitl{pg to a revision of the treaty of 1841 did not ap- pertain fo the Cabinet of St. Petersburg. For ita part, t© have been ready to renew the epgagements in virtne Mf which the former legisation of the Ottoman Yanpire, concerning the closing of the Straits, had ob- tained the Fauction of a Yurcpean act. The desire of moti’yiog that siate of things was evinced by the West- ern Powers, St was, therefore, for them to take the goitiative in making the propositions for a revision, ty te the transmission of that order. Thus the plan pre- senied at Vienna on the 19th cf Apri}, examined at St. Petersburg on tho 20th, was declined by the Russian pie- nigotentiarics in the comference of the Ztst. ving obeyed the orders of their Court, they prosent- ed m the same ritting a eonnter-project, based npon their instruc §-ns, on the principle ot throwing open the Straits and thefroe pavigation of ie Black Sea. Im support of that pian tbey real—1, a memorand drawn up with a view to develop the advantages of the combination proposed by the Imperis) Cabinet in the general interest cf the balance of power im Lurope; and, 2d, an éxporition coutaining the series of articles des- tined to convert the said preyect into a treaty. On the demand 0: the Russian plenipotentiaries these two docu- ments were annexed to Protoeol 12. Aa they attest to all friendly Powers ihe sincerity and the perseverance of the oiforts of the Imperial Cabinet towards the accom. plishwwent of the work of peace by every means oompat- ibie with ¢he dignity of Russls, we have thought fit to annex thee documents to the present despatch, so an to complet the relation of farts. [Anrezes A and B, as previously pablished in the New Yous Frearp | ‘We regret to add that all the attemp's of our plenino- tentiaries failec w procure tle sdoption of the plan, and that they cold not overcome the obstacles to its execu tion. The tirst obstacie was raised by the Ottoman pleni- potentiary, ile declared that bis instruetions prescrioed the maintenance of the principle of the closing of the Straits: that the Sublume Porte had ever considered that Principle a gusrantee of its independence; and that it wished it to de reepectad, with some exceptions that might be stipulated. The plenipoventiaries of France and Voglend declined to direwse the Russian connr projest, as being foun ied npon a dasis entirely eontrary to thelr instructions, Consejuently they declared that they were mot author ized to diseuss the details of the plan. In copelusion, they declared that their powers were exhausted. Tho Austrian Minister for Foreiga affairs, Gecling t hut his Court had nothing more at heart ti te contribute to the ostabllahment of peace, expressed hin regret thet Knosia should propose the principl« of throwing open the Black Se. while the other Powers unanimously mainteived @ contrary principle as nec sary to the traaquilliiy of Furope. flowever, be dic not regard the diferent modes of so!a- tion aa exhausted, and he regarded ii expecialiy for a rapprochenunt. He hoped the Conference would meet ope aa poom as une uf the scembere bad pew nroponi- jons to make. ‘The day after the sitting of the tet Lord Joho Mussel left Vienna for London, His departure did not put an end to the conterences, The delberadions were resumed on the 2th of Apri}, wt the request of the pienpovan- tiaries of Ru ; ‘Yneir instructions, in authorizing them to ive the aa- ria) Cabinet to the opening of the Straits, rriving at ® general pscification, oma- nated from the idea taat a combinetion conceived in that spirit, to be carried ost, ought first to have the ad. hesion of the Porte in its quality ot sovereign of the ter- titories on tke Streita. The declaration made by the Ottoman Penipotentiary in the sitting of the 21st put an end to that eventuaicty. I: then remained for the Rne- sian Plentpotentiartes to use the intitude of their powers t arrive at snow solution, in wocorlance with ine direct interests of Russia. From the very first, na we have said, the Inperial Cabinet, without provoking the revision of the treaty © 1841, wie willing to revew it stipulations, It was only means of negotiation in ita power that i’ spond to the intentions of the Cabinets of and London, by proposing to throw oven the Buask notion. ‘The remsal to enter into Hon eompletely dispensed the leape- clling upon ft, On the ooutrary, tice » ua favor of the principle of tha clos ‘a which we Bad yiveu up, mot with w ive policy, bat out of seclous oansider- ye yeneral welfare, cacn o2 the plan far the opening of the plenipaentiaries ware (roa to propose a te here givers eummary of what passed at the enea of the 26th © April. Mrotos! vo. XULJ s#th of Apri), Mo lronyn fat aye ‘eft Vienna. sues in reswne of tho negotlations up’ to the 26th of 5 \ the character of Bnd calmno whirh is suitable to an nisvri- cal nerrative, we have oxre‘ully avoided recrimination. It wrfliees vo ontablich the facts ia thele proper order, to mare you woquainwd with the inventions which the tin. peris! Cxoinet made presice over each of the powte andor Cikenesiom, We will reeupituate ther brisily. The first wae one ot poidesi rivalry. 1. the ment exalted view of ft; he resolved :t of whe welfare of the Vrincipatities, the p: which Russia had provnive! to gairagton, She » and will keep Ler promine. The second was counseted with peneral intornats of commerce, The Pmperor bas decided in tavor of the / trade of ali nations, a The third concerced not only the general Volance of we but touched rly whe dignity and honor of Russia. It was thos tbat our augast master judved it, The national reatiment of the whole country wil respond to bis decivion. The fourth point wae one of religious liberty, of olvili zation, aod vali Chiistondora, Ia the ages of the fo titiv that which ought one day to be place treaty of general peace worthy of being invested with t jon ef ail the soversigns of Kurope. The plex of France aad Bayiand refused to touch ev ion ot seliglous interest before that concerning the navigation of tie Slack sem had been settled Atter this retieo'ton there remaaina nothing for ns toaat | to the recital we bave male. You ere suthorized to commnaica’ recital # the Cedined to whish you have the hoaer ac readied, +% will Jucge waren side was 10 3t Lovet dm wy w preewre the Reestad © meatel poser; i wid at on ‘whseb ride the obstacies arose whic have prevenied toa derizable wore, 1 i fmsily fails - she ruptare of tha conferences, ths icopartial opinion of friendly Powers will latseast rence: the ice to Russia to ackaow edge that she spered no effu: eese Of a 2egotie t ned to realize the deeply expcesoed dasize tor & cities" ion. eount. upon the coortant and firm solic’- the Ewperor will a: 8 devote to that great inte est, when the boar sal) bsve come whea Divine Providence will have esigttened the corsciease of the Catinets whose implacadie hostility, tu presence of the mourning whieh covers an august tom, esila upon his Mejeaty to defend with hia érawn eword the safety aod the honor of hie country. NESSELRODE. REPLY OF THE ALLIED POWERS. On the pubdiicaticn of this circular, the French Minis ter of Foreign Affairs caused to be issued in the Moniieur, in the rbape of » diplomatic cireular, the following reply of the Allied Powers PARis, May 23, 1655. Sig—All the vewspapers of Kurope have reproduerd trom the Journal ue Nt. Petersburg the circular which Curt de Ne-se.r de addressed, under the date ot the loth of May (28th of April oid style.) to the agents of Rassias wt foreign courts, The ment of the Empercr bal dnygecte to a«sit the official i vf me conferences fore expreaning a comprehensive judgment upon them; but siuce the Cabinec o St. Perersdurg has tbonght at wane, it tarther ten Biron appeal te pablic opinion, no ore wilt teel surpri if we, im cur ton. fellow im the path which has beem 60 opened; and, for wy part, I enter that path with all the confiten:e which the moderation and uprightness of our po fey are caku lated 10 inspire, 1 will drat of all call to mind the circumstances which indr ced Ergland and France to part ia the nego- Ustions at & moment at which the active prosecution of the war appeured to be the principal odjest of ther arxiety and their care. The treat zat the 24 ot Decem- ber baving been concluded, the Western Powers, from deference to their new ally, con-ented to make a last of: fert af conciliation, founced om the possibility of inducing Rusela to sccept the baaea whieh, for the gemeral in- terests of Europe, they had assigned for the re-estad- lishment of peace. It is known that when, for the firec time. Prince Gortechaxc aa called upon, after he had obtained an officia’ kno*ledge of the common iateations of France, England Austria and Turxey to explain himeelf on’ these cf his Court, he estegorically refased to adhere to tne conditions which were proposed to him It wan only om the 7th of January, after a reference to St. Peter: burg, that bo accopte», without any reserve, the different base: known uader the name of the ‘our guarantees, This fact is attested ia the most pe- remptory manner by tne pnanimous vestimeny of all the plempotentasies present at the conference; nay, more, ‘& despateh of Count Buol, communi-ated simultaneously wt Faris and Lencon, seta forth that the negotiations, the Amit of which were thus deiined, were only opeued atthe request of Rurtis, 1: remains, thea, estabushed, tbst this Power carnot accuse us ot having takea it un- avares; it knew that one of the indispensavie condition: of peace ecnateted is the cessation of ita preponderance ia the Fuxine, ano it bad sufficient time to ascertain the extent of ihe sacrifices which the “e. g.gement taken oa that subjest was necessarily ealou ated to imoose upon 1. The whole question conaitta ia ascertatning whetacr Privee Gortschaboff ana M. de Tiwff fultied toa: en. ement, or if, em tho contrary, they failed to act up toit. Tran is a pent which I will shortly exsumoe; bnt I desire pr-vionsly tw investigare the correctness of som of the assertions wih whica the cirealar of Count de Nesselrov e e mmences, In the conference, the Russian plenipetentiaries, in the cincutricn cf tue firat gusranies, relative, aecording torh+em to tbe tenance of the | umunities of Moloa- vis, Wallactia an” seivis, an’, according to us to the arclition of tue illegitimate influence exercised by tte Cavinet of 82. Petersourg in three three provinees, vas- sais of the Subime Porte seem to have mtsunderstood ibe 1ea) grc one cf the discassion. Count de Nesgelrode deve opes the same thoris. I will rep'y thereto by que:- tions, At what mement @inse the lest wara have the immurities of the Principe. of the Danube received she sligh‘es: iojary from tho snzerain Power? At what epoch pas the Sutan concemplaied withdrawing soy of tbe ecnees-iops of his preievessors? Whea d:d France, kngtanc and Austria mani'est. avy other desire tnan that «{maints {ning and improving the réyime of admin- istrative indepencenee. which, it has bien txo much for gotteo, was retther in Wallachia nor Moldavis a recent ecnquest, but toe result ofan sgreement freely coneluded centuries ago, and woich was modified only on the day on which the hospodars began, in the wars of the eignteen’h century,tocons:rt more with the Cou-t of Pnasla ‘aan with the Sablime Porte? Jt was tous thas } via, loss hal’ of the territory which had been gnarantedd to her by the Sultans. It was thus thes this province and Wa lachis, instead of remaining what they ought to have been, 5 respected barrier between the Ottoman empire anc Ras- sia, were, even atter the treaty of Adrianople, which peered to reecgnizs in them better dofined rights, go- yerned rather by agents of the Cabinet of St. Pe.e-sburg than by ther ows eniefs, and that in full pease, as i* | they were crly s prolongation of the Russian soil, they tound themase ves suddenly oceupie’ by s foreign army. Such, sir, aye the rea) evils from which the Frincipalt- Yes of the Danube have suffered—such are the dangers which mensce them incessantly. It was the soleobject of the fenr guaranters to put en end to one and the other. Whether the influence et Russia beyond the Pruth bas been or not exercised under the tegal title o © protec orate,” Is not the question, and to lay at down as Count de Neastlrode has done would be to eause it to degenerate into a quarre) of words, History proves what Moldavia and Wallachia have gained by their ancient relations with the Court of St. Peterspurg, and it is the returp of this state of things which Iance, Eoglacd and Auctria have endeayired to provest. I pase over the second gnarantec; tha bases for requ- lating it are gocd, I will contest myself with observiog that i the navigation of the Danube, impeded during twenty-five years, s recover its freedom, war was requisite to imduce Russia not to leave useless fu bor hands one of the most mygnittoent deboucher in the werld, If Germany obtains this immenso advantage for her cowmerce, she will owe it to the bloc d shed by France and Fngland. * Before coming to the principal poin', J must cst reply toasreprcach which Count ce Nesselrode addrosees to the plenipotentiaries «f the Western Powsrs. B) ac- cuses them of having celayed the examination in the eouference of a questi a of toleration snd humanity which onght, on the contrary, to bare occupied the ‘int place in the deliberations, or, to epcak mote correstty, of not having taken into consideration with the wal they ought to havo done the condition of tho Theistian subjects of the Sublime Porte. No ditcussion is possibie withont ruies, and it wae a that the foar guaran. tees should be cxamined regular order, Now, i’ the discussion stopped ut the ubird, the ‘obstacle was not raised dy us; it was the plenipoten‘in ries of Russia who raised it, and our plenipo- Yentisries only contormed to = programme crawn up beforehand. Count de Nesselecde himself, howew > justifies thelr reserve, which wae, moreover, explained by the acnounc ment ofthe proximate arrival ut Vieona ot the Minss‘er for Foreign Alfeirs cf the Sultam. A re- Ngtous question, envenomed by the pretensions of Rus- sia, wa the cause of the wi Tt was natura) thet iv should not be entered u) except in prosengs of Aali Pacha; ang, moreover, it no longer stood om the same ur on which it hed been first brongh* forward. The binet of St. Vetersbarg had demanded a formal en- gagement, which, a though only apps: on'ly app icabie to religious immunities, would act the Ins have humillaced the Porte, shackled its administrative action, sad nara- lyzed alt éflicacicus reform. i'ance and Kygland ioadly clared that the furkich government ought to refuse w subrait to euch condirions, which would have been the ruin of ite independence; and, if reterense be raade to the text ot the fourth guarantee, it is eaay to perceive thet Ruseue retrained frum again Uringing thei “ozwesd, ana granted to the gnitan, with the friendly aavice o° hia ai- fies, the inivative of measures for the moral and mate rini interests of his subjects, It was not, therefore, for the Conferences of Vienna to discuss aystems thezreti- cally, but only to proclaim w principle exaatly contrary to that the triamph of which was the object of the mirsion of Prince Menscbikeff to Constantinople, Coant de Nesselroce haa said enongh cn the wihjec for doubts to be permitted as io wether the » tie jes of Russia would have e-niined thems in hese limits. They prooayly would, as in ~ sion relative to the Launbian Prineipalities, have made & inistake as to the motive of the frurth guarantee, and they would bave forgotten that the only thing ia qnes- tion wae on exection by Bussia to whied Furope could not sunmit. The last re‘orme effected in Turkey, and the ernovs which the Sublime Porte evinced in Ustening to our advice, prove that the heart of .-¢ Sul- tan is open to the most generous inspirations, All that js neves+ ary is that these inepira tions should be f-'owed ap withou! trouble, aud that he who couoetv.. shem should hay the merit of them in the eyes of his subjects and of the world; and in order that this result be ob- tained, it is indisponsabie that Kussia should for the fu- sure abancen the wes pona whick she has by turns maae use of, either wo check usetal reforms, or to turn ine feelings of the population against their sovereign. Such is the sense end meaniog of the fourth gosrantoe, aad op iending the despatch of Count do Nosselrode it msy be papposed that is ix regarded in thas light alse et at. © to the question of the Black Sea. Strack on (ae one baud wich the iasniiciensy of tae treaty . Toth of Jwy, 1541. w recuro @ permanent 8 for the Ot omen empirein the Foropesm family, mm the otber, with the cargers which the increwe of the Russian icrees in the sand and A’ Pawok entall om Inrkey, i'rauce, atria Jeclared that the convention of the Straits inuet bo rowased, or, it should ra her oe said, completed; 604 buat it war necessary, by 0 to the proponcerance of Russia lo he Black So, to re extablish Desacen lor and the other coun ving @ lerritery om thet sea thet belance of Which had been broken by 2 ruoessston of disastrous events. Prince Gortecbhako, atier a tirat heattation, adhered, fn the pre- Jimepary cenierenee ct the Tth of January, to tas two tera ¢! that proposition, which explains ‘iteell, and is not rpen to any ambicuity; and it is on the faith ot this wchesion that the representatives of France and Lagianu at Viera wero durpiahed with their full powers, 1 government 61 the Kmnperor and that of her Jor Mojesty bad, | repeat, a right to suppone that cae Can’ ot sc. Petersburg would take ita part in the saerifice: called for by the state of affairs, aud in tant expectution the plenspotentiaries of Russia were Invited to assume an initisowe intended to protect the dignity of chic Court. On the refusal of the Cabinet of st. Petersburg to be the first to announes the concersions w which i: would be disposed to consent, the allies of the hnv ime Vorie, in accoréance with ft, pat forth the editions which Lave been mated in one ot the annexes of the Tra pratines | : 1 shal! not en@cavor to jastify our demands; Ceraticn is evident; pete Wich have now become superfl sows , point our the interests of Burepe on the Blac: atterwards to examine whetber the donole posed by Russia gives to those interes:e tuat suriol which it f4 oar object to obtain for taem. anively borsered by the coaats of she two netzh ing Sater, and closed to the naval forces of : Powers, the Blagk Sea had become a cioved arena, whore advorenrine unequal in foree came 16 convast, nad wher the weaker wee at the merey of te more powerful. A formidable fortress contained wi hia its citads) and | “ead ap army always ready to embark, ands ‘le ct Jeaye ready to take it on Soard and put to nea, This | tem cf sdzoinistrative independence of those Princ!patitios, | the Caspian see is closed by nature, toe Black Sea is oper sa Gore Mipropsesionltaecenes) fr defence, had | it bas ben too far forgotten, in his opinion, aye So itents wish cos pose tha atralta bt the Derdanalies aad but ce pos Y pee Ge inated " rnacest oes 7 f RYE te Papa A should ey eerie ans ther u 5 ter orn eentur' i" i «a «m'yeo os cc enace agelo! compl ‘urkey, and the mystery 5 altered since the day py 3 apt ae Men - sbish sarrosmded + increased a dange: which at the jgntest sympa m of erinis alarmed the whole of crops. Constrained, in spite of eff.rte w ich history will appre- ciate, ty ba vuree to arm, F ance ard land cre tto Beme ves, aod ale» w Furope, mot to lay then dcwa up ir work shail have been accomplisaed. ta 3 tnat the peace which thay ran) ne 2e02- tamed thall'be fori wed by a secure repuse. Woula such security be tue consequence of el*her of the two eomd" 8 Tecuramended by Count de Nessel- de? {ps word, would these two ays’ ems pat an ead to the pre; onderance«f Russia in be Sea? Tha tiras hated cn prt inciple 3 ba! eluded col eyening of the pasasge cf the ore an the Darcaneiles—involves the abolition fe rule which the Ot‘omsen empire hes slwaze considered a3 in safeguar?, and woied, singe 1841, bas beeame pact of thy pudlic law.or Furope. At prevent, Runa, who refuses to reduce >be number of her vessels, in copy ol exi- genctes of her honor and the prerogatives of pove- relgnty, 00s net hesitate to apply 10 the Sablime Porte fur the abdication of ite ndence in ite internal waters—in the t artery which passes thi a ite capitsl, Sbe chal anew parsage into the jterra- péean—that is to sey, the meana and the pret-xt for aug- wmepting in vast proportions her maritime deveimpment, and in compensa io for these advantages she coatines be) self to giving her conrent that foreign squads0ce may in fotuze enter & sea where they woud find neither a of refuge nor an arsenal cf supoly, In order to +x ie the farvelllanc’, the ri ht of wl would be in- clrecty conceded to them, France and. would be obliged to impore on themselves forever the most cnerous secrificas. 1 will sedd—ant consideca don ja of it weight—that peace, if faded om sueh condition:, we de handed over to the hazard of the sirst incident ‘hat migh! occur, and that the object pra. sence, Beceesry neo es of Freneh and Eng- ich fleets in the Euxine, would atready intima‘ a perti which would bes menace of war. It would, tn fact, be & proof that Russts would require to be again kept with- in bounds; bor preponderance would not have ceased tu estat ene, It object of the third point would haye been ustrated. ‘Would tbat object be better attained ‘by the adoption of the system el im the second instance by Prince Gortecbaboff and je Titoff? The Straits. it 19 true. ‘would remain closed, but the status quo which exisied ba- tore ube war would be re-estab! |, the Russian navy ‘would be restcred and increased witbout control belind the fortifications of her ports; and, when the Sultan should regard ession aa tamineat then would fo give the alarm to Pparireay oe be te author}: ply to that appeal would be another war, which would prove at the same time the want of foresizht of the Wes:- ern Powers, and the ‘ated strength of the enemy whom trey are combatting at present, Could they wita out imprucence consent to an it which would grant them only & romentary repose, troubied in act- vanes by their own provisions?’ Finally, would the pre. porcerence of Russ’a in the Black Sea be destroyed, if 1¢ was necesrary, at the very moment of making peace, to agree cn the means of one day putting an end to it? Tt woud be superfinons to carry this reasoning farther ond I pelieve I have cemonsirated thst, starting trom the principle of tre opening or closing of the Dardanel.es and the Bosphorus, the Capwet cf St. Peveraburg did uo’ keep the engagement it tock in causing itself to be represented in the conferences at Vienna, To con- firm ths judgment I will content myself with re- minding you that Count Buol in the last meeting, on the s6th ot April, @eclared that ‘the Russian project, in which he conlc see neither #sulution nor Dasis for & sclution indicated only the means of reacting against she vsval prepondevance ot Rusaia, when it wond have wiready, assumed the proportions of an insupportaole dacger, but in nojne-pect tended to cause ft to cease in smanent manner and in the ordinary state o/ ‘The demanés of the Western Powers, in conf»xmi*y whh the wsbes cf the Porte, adopted and supported to the exd by the Austrian plenipotentiarivs as a complet axd efficagious system, were, 02 the contrary, a1 mode rate iv form aa they were iepitona, im their subs! We aed nothing from Russie dercgatory to her dignity, az st il less to hec honor. Wo invited her, urged panty by the general interesta of Europe, to fix on a basiy +quicabdly cuiculated aad accepted by the Porte the num ber ot versels which ahe means to keep for the femre in a sea in which she has to dread no attack, and in which her navy, redused to reasonable proportions, amply su'- ficlent for.the regular services tor which she would baye to provide, would ia any ease have been at .eas+@ ua) to the Ovlowan navy. The Cabicet of St. Petersourg re- fure@ this arrangement, which would have restore? peace to the world, It has declined the anthority v1 the examples that were cited for it; it has forgotten th»* i t treaty of with Persta, it imposed, itself, on thst Power the oohgation of abstaining from navigsi- fog the Caspian Ses, and of exclusively reserving that se+ to the flotiuss of Rudaia; it has not consented to adcai what Franee, England, the United States, ans the Netau: lands, under different forme, and at diflorent epochs, hace accepted either to terminate war, or 10 conaolidaw pe sev. or to suppress germs of riva.ry or conilict berween neiygh- boring states, ovale wi Sbali I notice a point which Count de Nesselrode sig. ralizes s8 forgetin ness of what is due to the sovereigaty of ursia in her own territory? He reproaches us with bavirg desired, contrary to international law, to devy to the Cabinet of St. Petersburg tue power ot refusing or withora ping the cxequa:ur to the consuls who may be ic. stallea in the ports of the Kaxtae. We nover entertainet such a pretension, We only demanded that no residence should be interdicted; but it was undecatood that, ac- cording to the rules which regulate such matters, 9 con- sul ncminated might alwaya from plausibie motives ap plicabie to him per-maliy, and not to bis post, not ra- ceive ihe approbation of the assian govornmont. I bave now term‘nated this investigation; and I hop: it will ecpvince all impartiai minds that the Westeru Yowere cannot be respen-itie for the continuation ot » war, the effects of which they have desired to arrest with an much sincerity and zeal as they employed to prevent the breaking out of it. Fracce and Hogland ac not enterti the sentiments ascribed to them; their estility is not, as has been raid, tmplecabio, They have never desired to impose on Russia » peace deroga tory to her honor and to her digrity: but necessity nas invesied them duty which, with the aid of Divine Provicence, they will know how to fullil; and diurope conse lidated cn her bares, will be thankful to them tor baving restramed within just bounds an iaflueace which everywhere endeavored to outstep the limits of ite Je~' i- mate action, authorize youfto read this despa wo Me—— and to your colleagues. Receive, de. WALEWSKI POSITION AND PRETENSIONS OF RUSS{a. Count Nerselrode rejoined in the Jornal de Sl. Peters deurg, of June 12 last, developing at lenguh the position an’ pretensions of Ruaala:— Count Walewski having been eslied, by the confiden of his sovereign, to the direction of the ‘Ministry of | reign A‘airs, bas recently addressed to the miri*ers u Fiance sbroad, ander date of May 24, % circus des. patch, givingan account ct the result of the labors the Conlerence of Vienna. The Muniicvr, in publish this dipicma ic document, informs us that it serves 1eply to our eireular cf April 2%. “. ‘appreciate the advantage of an exchange of if- betwee. cabinets whose direct relations are iuterruptea by war. To arrive at an understanding, it in useful thet they should explain their notions a@ to the odjocts ot their differesce, aud om the moana of atjnvting {t. This end cannot be attained except by a seurchiag diacusr.on, by calm language, and by a mutual desire of explaining opinions without frritation, In this spirit wo aball ¢xamine tho ciicular of Mi: tabirg into aco the facts on eeete two oa vt are of azcora, and astly, pointing out without eguivoca- ‘You those ou which thoy Aidfer in opinion. In the tirht place we are ob:iged to Connt Wales ski for having “recalled the circumstances which dee!» | Fing- land and Frenee to lend themselves to negotistions a: & woment when tt appeared that the sctive purauis ot the war ought to be the principal object of thalr atisn- tion end care.” At that very period the tate i'mperor, Nichww. |., was Cevoting bis efforts to the re-cetab ishment of pease. The ceep feelleg of veneration which the memory of thas g eat movorch /napires in us, comrumnds us vo 2) :im ror bim the giory of baving conseorated the last acte of bis reign to isying the basis of a goueral pactfication, whilst Fiunce and Lrgland appeared to be wholly engaged, as the Gespatch cf May 25 teils us, ia the care of actively carrying on the war. We accept this fact. Jt explains to wa how tt happens that the deliberations of Vienna, instea 1 of opentn; ocrmencement of this year, were retarded to the 15th Moreh, w period when the return of apring was about v iroprer's on {Le military operations » sauce Jeo’ vity. Under the intiteneo of this absorbing Plex Spotentiories yf France and England, it my xoittes. bad an vngratefn) task to perfor of actively carrging on the war must have been fouud in moniiert contradiction with wie duty of arriving ¢ pemuly at the consluston of peace. “Acoordirgly, we have bad occasion to remark the hes!- tanicn, not to aay the extreme repugnance with waich Rarcn de Pourqueney and Lord Westovoreland tuok ys:t in the preliminary negotiations which preceded ‘ve opun- ing of the formal conierences. Use wok temp <d to be- bevg that they were negotiating in epite of themeslves, Wo regret that xo protosol was kept of their proiminary meotirgs. ‘the representatives of France and Loglan! took care to tarap ther with tae ebaracter of @ pure\y verbs! explanation. So trae ‘+ this, that they believed it inenmm gent on them to contine themselves t’ the mere reading of the statement of the tour qaestions to be Baron de Lour token ‘nto deliberation. eney bus given that statement the name of uate w (memo: iandvm.) ‘The Minister of tussle adopted the same plan ia «poct- tying, om bis sida, the Four Heinte, such 9% he aaa them, in the name of his Court, as base ot negotiation, reserving the coming to an uncerstancing apon their ine \erpretation until the official opening of the conferen a, ‘Those ¢xplenations having been ceprived of the on:ea- rive cvidence of written proof, the Cabinets runt rely <n the good taith of words verbally exelingsi | cween herr representatives. We grant thrs conttdence, ind we Corand it. Without calling tato doudt tre cor. seernegs of the secount made to the Vrench Uaviaet by ity reproventatives, we, on our part, must unsist on the accuracy with which the Minlater ot (ussia estan isbed dis point of Cepariure, by declaring, at the onter: ot the rego lation, that Le would not consent to ennditione tu cempatibia with the honor of Ruseia, The fact of this declaration of principles 's not a mater ot dispute. It was repeated in writing at the formal open. ing of tee conforenoes. This act of politieal openness in- dicated teioreband the Haits at whied the Russian p, potentiary must stop. We need not apply to this ae fotien the tern of a ‘reservation.’ Such @ tern appl {o iigats sbich are Keb'e to be dispuied. Those Kreperor aré not co. On the ecatrary, the ploaip tent of France and England—w are giad to resder t is jusice—were the first to dec the intention hel’ Courts not to prepoke any honor ard dignity o: Rueeis. W yepested in the circular of May 2 sifon of the French cabinet, we expiamirg to ourselves (ue vors to contrest kes views withou ton, in oor Delief, concilinving wud equitable, vigoa by enipotentiaries to the four guarantess whisa the object of the negotiations of Vienna. ‘Count Walewsi, passing them tn review, b auch is the d: a fone ciMcul'y gin by placing a doubt on the sdvantoges which Moldaris and Wallechia owe to the igtg:veation of Russia, “Lhe rys- when the Hospedars, during the wars of whe eighteenth e ptury, vegen to Bold more with {ussia than me the ear appreciate the correctness of thin statement, it wl oe te the correet of a etal yak, fb will de sufficient to rketch the pic ure of the coabsca to whicn the Danubian Provinces were 12- cuced ‘uncer the rule of the t freey coneluted with the Porte centuries ago, in virtre ot their ancient conventions. It wns the agreement which eubsists between the eoeneees and the oppressed. And this was ‘he resalt: the ‘3 had coased to be teken fiom the Moldavian and Walacaian nopility; the Countadtieope: Gadoguisbes, forthe: earth, aah rea ipop'e for their merit, ut even more ilustious stil from their mis‘ortunes. At one time exile. skene\ner aviaee, Wong iy their career to a eleso. Under the constant terror of disgrace tae princes of MoWavia avd Wallachia purchased a precaricu’ exia:- ence by the unceasing ransom they paid to tae capicity of the agents of power st Constant nople. hea he riches ofr sail mo longer Delovged re fee They Wye a vy BO r to it. y » wero'at the mercy of the Ott.man Semary, Porie_| prey! for the rupply of the markets cf ite capical at Dee filo ned, limber aia Bed price. artleariy pew. st] at a fixed price. itrarily emablinfed at Constantinovle, below tue value of the wrticles} dewanted. The Pachas of the fJsaube for- treas algo exacted. provisions, labor and neryice: of all hinds. Commerce was not tec in any ‘part of interior, and ‘Porte, in tho externa] trade waa atiil less five; fog the vrder to augment the abundance of the resources which it drew from the Danubian pro- vinees, bited the exporta ion pt graia Toe Tarce orp at Braile axd Giurgevo bad forctbly expel sd vhe ancient rs and stri them of ‘their po- ‘ot honor of the Princes, aod Jassy. The Hosp)- dus, raced from their renk, had descended to the hu mibating part of farmers of the revenue, exhaustiog the country for the protit for the Ortomau treasury. Under this deplerable sdministration, the venality of the puolic offices, systernaticaly practised, completed the demora) zation and wretchedness of the There was le’ but ove amore for the -Turkish rule to introduce, That was plsgue. It has fequently in tae Principalities, and remaikably no at the entrance of our troaps@t the commencement of the campaign of Having drawn the picture of the condition of she Danu- bilan Principalities before the period of the treaty of Adrianople, we may be allowed to glance at the change introduced fnto their system of rule at the moment when our provisional ‘imstration, whick had been entrusted to General Count K’ -cieff, replaced the go- hea aap of those provinoes i: the nands ef the Hos- jars, pert organic statute, adopted after re dell hezation, by the Assembly ¢f Beyards ane Notables, under sho formals netion of the Sultan a sured to the two Princi- paiities the Benefit of an indepenvent administration, as stipulated in the treaty of Adrianople. The mode of the election qf tBe Hoapodara by the Assembly of tne Divans was regulated. The courts of justice, the collection of the taxes, the assessment of the tax payers, and the or- ganization of the local miitary torce, were all placed on a stable footing. Am equal protection was accorded to the exercise of worsbip at the national orthodox church, as well an to all Coriseian communities. The aystem 0° education received @ freak developement. The estates usurped by the turkish garrisons on the left bank of the Danube were restored to their former proprietors. A qusrantine Hove Jagrfashooeg the aanatory state ct the country ugainst the danger of contagion. The transac- tior.s of commerce in the interior were freed from ali im- pedimenty. At same time, by an admiz istrative | measure pf Count Nisseleff,“the ports of (aiatz and ‘ired in 1830 the beneilt of an entire treolém of with foreign nations, ‘And Jasfly, to sam up allina single word, civilization sesurced ifs sway on the leit bank of the Danube. hia in what cava ana Wallachia-gatned from their an- ciext relations with the Court of St. Petersburg. The orreudar of May 23 evinceda desire toknow. We have stated it. The task which Russia had at heart to accomplish i@ the parmanent interest of te prowperity of tho Ponubien Principalities is completed, from the moment when the privileged system of rule they enj-y under the wuzerafpty of the Vorte, obtaias the sanction ot the pub- Wis law or Europe by # collective guarantee of all the great Powers. Such is the result a» which our our pleni- tentiaries have taken an honorable rhare. By ayprov- sing the acts which they signed, the Amperiat Cavinet regarda this question as terminated. It iw the same with the second question, which has deen similarly resolved by the pro‘ocols of Vienos. In thia respect we adopt the opmicn of the Minister of Foreign Aguire of France With him we sy, “that the bases of the regulations of the navigation of the Danuve are gocd.”” - They ase good for all the contracting parties. A> to what especially regards Russia, ehe ‘will gather from the establishment of 2 mixe commission an advantage whic® we do not conceal, Hitherto, the Ll-teeting of tne commercisl pubic, provoked by the contrarieties exverienced in the navigation of the river, fell whely on the Rossinn administration. ‘The resporsisility will pe shared in @ more equitable manner when the practical experience of a mixed commission shall have proved how much cars, labor and cost it requires to maintain in gocd condition a finvial communication exposed to numercus physical difficulties. We are indebted to Count Walewski for the opportunity he bas given ws of here rectifying the im- pression which amght have influenced this passage of the circular of mi relative to the navigation ot the Da nube. We have alseady said itis the Russian inis- tration which has opened to the freedom of commerce one of the most magnificent outlet: in the world. Tania ig- mense advantage did not necd to be acquired. It has ‘Deon siven ever sinee 1820. We believe it would be iu- correct to affirm that from that period this outlct has remsined useless in the hands of Russia, What proves the contrary is the continued inereas» in the navigation of the river during the last twenty-five years. Undoubtedly, ‘be more the concourse of foreign vosrels has increased. in the more the requiremonts of the service have become complicated, and the more, also, the imper'cction of the weagures jor keeping open the mouths of the river have theinselves felt. uently, the negligerce of vos. | sels arriving in throwing ballast overboard whi.e stossing | the bar, has contributed to increare the progress of the | shoaling. Accidents have become more frequent in conse- | quence of tke increasing augmentation of arrivals. ‘The re- | wains of the wrecked vessels have obstructed the chanael, and thus rendered the navigation more diffienlt in propor- | tion as it bec.me more active. The means employed by the local authorities, we are far from wishing to dispute, aight have been ivsutiicient to ctruggle againat so many hysical difficulties. But it is nol necessary to shed tho lood of England and of France, ar the circular of the w8d of May says, to remove this obstacle. Iabors more peaceful and more wapretending are required to conquer the sboala which cefend the entrance to the Danube. It is neither diplomacy nor the fAte of arma which will have to claim the merit of this victory. It is reserved for arsicuots iabor, day by ¢ay, employed in combatting the silent efforts of nainre, Our good will, by rendering ‘this Jabor more active and more regular, will contribute, within the limits of pormbility, to accomplish this peace- ful contest ‘We will now pass to the examination of the fourth question, biel the despatch of Count Walewsk! enters on before the third, in order to justify the plenfpoten- Viaries cf }'ramce end England for having deferred the Ciscussten of this grave interest, which is common to all Cinistianiry. We have regretted, ‘tia true. this adjourn- ment, becuase it rerarced our convincing ourselyos whether the intentions of the Cavinet of Russia accorded | with those of France and England. Tt we are 10 Judge by the remarks contained In the cir- | culez of May 23 (Const Walewski’s) there existed @ cr twin divergence of view between the French Cabinet and ourt. At Parte the politieal queetion predominates; im | ords, the fourth guarantee is specially consicered tion to the infinence which the great Powers exer- cue in ihe Hast. At St, Veteraburg the religious sen went, “he national rentiment of the country, ontweigl ibe considerations belonging only to the domain ct poli- ues, Under the indnence of thia conviction, the princi- pal objec: which the Kussian plenipotentiaries wero di- Tee to keep im view was to arrive at a peace by which the liberty 6 worship and the amelioration of the eondi- uucn of the Christian populations surject to the domia: tion of the Ottoman empire, shoul be placed for the f ture under the saleguard of a cvileetive aot, sunclion- ed by koropean law. Af the efforts of all the Powers tended towards the same en¢, nothitg would be moro easy than t> clotbe this as! with the forms deemed necessary to secure for the Sustua | the werit of a spontaneous rovereign will manifested in raver of his Christian eubjects, Inthis respect we wist as wuch wa France and Eogland to arrange tor the Sultan the opportunity of giving uimW up, to use the words of the cireular of May 23, “to the most gunerous insplra- ticns, ‘the inteoticn of the Russtan Cabinet axsoredly is pot et in Torkey all ureful reforwn~, or to exoite the populations wgainst their sovereign.” It is with err. ‘wees that we reproduce this expression from Conut vf the importance which not cuy in Turkey, but everywhors ol, We arrive at toe revirion of the troaty of 1841, That which enrpricee tw at first ts, that the |'renck Cabiact Lins comp etery paneed over in pi the resulta ueady obtaped in determining this bly. Jn ouropimon the roost ueutul gasrantee for orearing the repose of the Jevout is not to besonght. It in found. ‘Tae ploalpo u ies, ceunited 10 conerence on April 19, o-twolished wf atanimonsiy uxder the form of an engagement con- ceived in these terme: If aconttict arises peiwosn tuplioe lorte and ore of the high contracting perti ates, before resorting vo the employment ct the other Powers in the way of prevaat xtrctmity by pacific means.” (his sipalavion, to tell the truth, oncht to put an end to off further diseussion. The foresight of the Cabineta world be unable to go Leyond the plodges of pecutity oontained Jn thin engagement. Che. yria ciple. of perect reciprocity characterizing “thts stipulation tenders ft equally te-asmuring and hoo erable for nil tbe contracting Vowers, Aivar this cuataa tee given to tho preservation of the Enrosean equtlf- orium, is it neceroary to prolong the calataities of war, n order to kee) ior ampler maiorial precautions it fs upon this rock that the negotiations at Vienna sp it. Wa eel more repyet than surprise, The human mind saimot reate imporritiiies, Jt riske faiture io ita enterpriscs when it atten p% to go beyond. ‘hiv truth applies to the material guarentees with whi:h It bas been aongint, raore Yhan enow at other periods, to surround political trans- actions copetuded at other porlods. We tind a proof in | the exanple of the treaty of Utrecht, vo whieh che | Dritish Penipotentiary appenied, ix our cpinion, not very opportane y. In fact, if ko example of Duokirk is gaa ror snythbog, 15 only serves to prove how barren waterial guarantees are. In spite of aaciont treatins, we } fnd Pracee in possessfon of Dunkirk, and Ler naval pow er, Ley ond dispute, stronger than ever, Un our side alee, we Lave learnt to doubt the rolitity of tho system of barriers, sinew 180, when we boneld the foltoc thot erected after ao many efforts on the of the Kinadem of the Netherlands. The experienee of all cab/nete, then, oughs to teach them not to count too raveh cn illusory precautions, which tond more to ‘he patistection ¢f national vanity for the prosent, than the | citer inating guarantees of recurity for the future ‘An tor the reference to the Caspian Soa, mentioned fn the circular of Count Waleweki, it bardly seems to apply to the black Sea, It should not be furgotten that, while 4 tai rontiers | therefore, went as tar s# they could when ‘er ae the other of closing the Sea, re. rene to choose that which might seem Porte and to Europe the best ledgne of we can easily be persusced that it was to es‘ablish ax a priociply of the law of nations thet the Rack Sea should reasin closed and open at thesame time. It appears to us equally contrary to sound: to pro- aim on the ae sive tbe respect waieh all the Powers entertain for the idepenenes of the Si and to de- termine on the otber the number of ships his high- ness should not exceed, Tn right ard in fact, this theory reems Yo nv inadzais- sible, no far -ely.s are c ncerned. The Plen deciared it rorbally ‘and in writiog. would de supe: finour to reproduce Such a duscassion would be without sesult. bl, with mistrusts. Jt woust be left to time to saullibefan ‘Tren it will be understood that the true of Stares dow notjreas on figaore of arithine- tle. Governed by thorough know] @ bigher law, it bas for ite basis « of tbe permanent interests of the: [ aver ‘owers in Jone towards one another. uneia does not consider herself called om to count the Freach.fisg m be Jc pumber of sbips which cispiay tae poits of Toulon, Cuersonrg, Havre and Bo: war with France, Russia fees no animosity her. The interests of the tw cvuntries have nothing to in this . Thin i+ an element of equilioriam does not require figues ‘0 o+ scancly apprecisted. In the same oder of i’ea. we will draw forth another troth; apd that ix, it i+ mt reasonable ‘o miseonttrue. the interest which murt Ikad Kursia to preserve peace in the Fast. It in evideut tout evory coniliet im thet quarter eventualiy produces aguinst. ber @ com- plication in ,whicn Western Powers are throwm inte opposition wita her. Ther aval forces vpited against her, must undoubtedly carry the day by their numbers. ho result fs too manifest to Dave need of proof. Inthe foreright of it consiats the best material guarantee of pesce. 1e it may be asked, bow it happened that this gaurantee failed to prevent the present copflict? Must we answer? Bocause.it was tl ht properto let the Vorte take the iuliative of deck war with Russia, while the allied representatives had for their mission to dissuade and prevent that war. It haa Deen asserted that it was the funaticism of the Ulemae that inc! od this act ot hostility, fullowed—or rather bi coeded—?y a first invasion ot our Asiatic frontiers. The truth of the sitvati.n is that there then existed a pre. dominant inftuence at Constantinople, which thougat the roment favorazle,for rejuvenising the Ottoman em- pire by @ warlike impule. That iniuence triamphed over the wiser couns+ls of a] the cubinete, which were drawn into the movement that baa precipitated Europe into « erims tar beyond all humun anticipations. The moment seemed to have ar ived when the wisdonz of the cabinets astemble) iu conterence at Vienna was to pee an end to this cris. Russin has the satisfaction of nowing that she did ail that was in her power to cos- tribute towards that work of peace. Sho bse reason to believe that her efforts pave not been entirely fruitless. The majority of the difficulties that bad to be overcome have received un honorabic solution, The opinion of En:ope is rot svffisiontly enlightened cn Fe importance of this result. it is well to atate it aa it ik Tne question of the Prin -ipalities is regalated. ‘So 18 that of che mayigation of the Vaauoe, The third point is ha fsetided. furkey is admitted ta the enjoyment of the advantag-s wuich result from the eneral system estabii-hod oy tbe law of pudlio right im iurope. Moreover. a special cluuse previies for the case of a future diffarence berween the Porte and one of the contracting partics, and stipulates that before having recourse to force, the other Powers snall be enabled to erent that extreme meature by pacifie means, Fi- nally— The fourth point, although not discussed at the eonfer. ences, appears te us moray sett, All the Powers are agrecd between them on the necessi'y of paciog freedom. ol worship and the ameliorsiion of che condition of the Christian population: Turkey, under the protection of Fre an act, Ail are equally acimates by the desire give to that act the forms required to place it in ba: mony with the just respect due to the suveceign author!- - ty of theultan. Finally, all the Cabinets rec*gnize that by mpans of: this security given to the immun'ties of tne Christian - populations, a collective guaraatee would put an ead to those rivalries which have hitherto been caused by an isolated antervention. We esk whether a pacification - established on there bases wou'd not contain all the de— sirable elements tur tecuring the peace of the Fast? Wa ask, finally, whether itis wwe to compromise that resuit-- by giclongio gy acs, a suruggeofa nature to exhaust the resou'ces of the Octuman empire, wh!:h the Western Bewers have conslierod an esantial condi- oe Ley the maintenance of the balance of power ta “arope Such are the eonsijerations which present themsetves to our mind at the racment we learn the closing of the Vienna conferences. 1t was provoxed by the refasal of” the plenipotentiarics ot France apd England to acceod to the propositions of the Conit of Austria, made with the object of an arrengemout. Un this retnsa: Count Baol de- clared the sittings closed on the 4:h June. ‘The blame of the rupture falls then upon the Westerm Powers, Their ill wili put aa end to the negotiatén. ‘The Rugsian Cabinet is pos reeponsidle for tt. if, on the one it opposed to France ani Engiand the irm reso- Intin of not putting up with exxc:ions whica execed the limits Jaid down at the opening ot tne conferenzes, on the other hand, it offered to the aly Powers the proof of its sincere desire to contrioute loyally towards a jon tion conformabie to the sentament of the dignity of Russia, Consteat to these princip'es, it will leave the path opem to an honorable xeconeilistion, whea the desire of peace have made jieelf more geonorally evident in France and in Fnglan¢é—whon experience shell have enlightened the opivion of the two countries on the mistake of a war without an object, ot a hatred without a cause. The re- ab ry: of negotiations bey? then be regal with che hope of success, to assure to Murope the blessing so denied to general repose. sith VIEWS AND PRETENSIONS OF THE ALLIES.. On the Anal ruptate of the conferences, the Earl of Clarendon presented, in the same shape, a condensed statement of the views and pretensions of the Alies:— Forncn Orrick, June 19, 1855. Sin—On tho 4th instant, conference was suinmonell at Vienna by Count Buol, the proceodings at which sve recorded in the protocol of which I enclose a copy. This protocol, together with toe protocols of the con- ferences held at Vienna between tho 15th of March aad and 26th of April. of which cepies have been transmitted to you, will place you in possereien of the details of the negotiation in which her Majerty, in conjunction with her allios, has recently been engaged, and which, toher Majesty's great regret, have not resulted in the conelu- sion of a peace with the Emperor of Russia, A consider tbat the present will be a fisting oppo-tuaity to state for your information and guidance the view: of her Majesty's government upon the negotiations waich. have thus been brovght to a close. The stipulations for which, while reserving to them- selves the right of insistuyg mpon other special and aidi- tional conditions, hor Majesty and ber allies oonsidend it ie particularly incumbent on them to provide, wefena jolows:— 1, That the exclusive right to interferd to a certain ex- tent in the internal adalra of ass belouging tae - Torkich empire, whJob Russia ia former times wrung irom the necessities of the Vorte, should no longer te ex- eicised by that Power. 2. Ybatthe chagnel of the Lower Danube, andmore especisily the outlets of that river into the Back 8» should no longer be mubject to the exslusiva contiol of Russia, bat rbould, on the contrary, be couided t the superintendence of celogates appointed by osher Powers na well as stia, and who should take measure for freeing and keeping tree from obstructions the great wa- yer communication of Central Germany with the rest of the world. 3. That the Turkish empire should become part of the system of Evropeen equi ibrium, wud toat mesos sould be taken to put an cna to the preponderance of Russia im ibe Biack Soa. 4. That the pretensions of Rassin officlally to protect | the Christian eutjocte cf the Porte should he revormecd,,, avd that the Power shonid use their influence to ovtaim from the Su,tan, an act of bis own eovereiga authori-- ty, the confi mation and observance of the retigious prie~ vileges of sia Chrirtian sunjects. Accmmunication to this eflost wan made to fe Court cf Rustia at the close of lest year, aud wes avcoptad by that Power ss the basie on which negotiations might be entered into. Negotiations were ecoordingly commenced at Viens but, unfortunately, it is omy on tho firat acd meon points that anything approsching to an agreement wae armed at; for, the emneal of tae Russian » esipowntia~ ries to accede to the reasonable proposals made to thom ‘by the plonipotemtiaries of tbe allies on the third point, stopped the progress of the negotiattons upon that potat, ano the fourth polne was, in Gansequence, nut brought under discussion, It is patisiaetorw, however, to her Majesty’s goverm- ment to be able 40 ppp»a) te the protocols on ‘he hesvand cond points as an tvidence of the anxiety snown by the allies to Geyiso terms of settlement advantagouus to the 1 interests of Harepe, and morte immediately con- to tho ryciopement of the Prosperity o¢ Ger-- y's government, there ore, regrvt fatof Rassia to accept dhe propo- tala of the alites ¢x ie third point should pave stood in whe way of the 2orvanteaes waich wonid have roguited dom the arraceu nie «hier might have been made im agare w the malian to w the two tirst points 10- Javed. | "Her Majesty's government are aware that Count Now telecde, ina despaich whieh be bas reeontly sldressod to the Kusélan Ministers at foreign Courts, hea sought io place In @ favored light the course pursued by assis | in the atreueatone om ibe two Gest potnte, and to persuade fordgn govertments, and more particularly those of Gormany, that the coutinved preponcerance of Russie ia Sea has no aireet bearing on tbe questions. ie to the Prineipatities and to the navigation ot the Dauute, nor op the interests of Cermuny, ang that Gemony, therefore, enght not to oo-opera 6 wita *Le alives in thelr forte to reduce that preponderance. Lic Myjesty’s govemnent are, however, parsuadet {hat an impartial cov tderation of the real ficts of the case will sorve to Sir pal the fission whieh ir was tho ob ject ct Count Newsobuce’s dospated to creatu. Her Ma- jJerty’s government? baye no cosire to undervalue the im- porence of the #8 +0 which the arrangemonts wm: iegad 10 tbo fice two pinta skeiched out in the proto- coe Cf Ube oF rrdute; but her Mafos y's gevorn- ment mnet be) € 10 obverve that, as regards the Vrinelpaliiies, ary sigdt which Ruesfa might possess or enim under ber form *r teation wore at once extinguish taby treabregetion cf whose trenties on tae: break Phd Dat consequently, the avemption of cut of the w: whe Prize; exclusive protession uf Rasim | incon the re fesfon rode by Rowele to the terenta ol Ce violent act of ¢ ‘Torkirk ensplre t de, if ix to exert, #8t at of Nur ry the arrange wh protecal wonld be, to a cor= ‘ yot it was mainly owing to the eccide lo the reasonable suggestions plenipeten aries of Auacia in the Lat those propmed arrangements pou i fourth ecpigeuce, t