The New York Herald Newspaper, February 7, 1856, Page 2

2 NEW OCEAN STEAMSHIPS. Whe New Steamship Fulton, for the Havre Line. ‘The sew steamship Fultom, which was launched on the 4b of September last, and which is to run in eonnectioa with the Arago, between this port and Hayee, ma'e & wacecssful trial trip on Tuesday. No expenss spears to eave been spared in ber onstruction, the total cost of which was $450,000. Her entire length from stem to stern is 300 fect, and on ti of beam is 42 and her depth 313g feet. She ia doudle planked outside up to the twenty foot mark; bas five water tight (with fore and sft) bulkheads ronning her entire length. Every presaution has been taken to vender her secare in case of accident, and even the epgine rooms are so constcucted that they can be made perfectly water tight. whieh are regarded as masterpieces of workmanship, are each six hundred horse power, witn sixty-tive inch qylinder and ten feet stroke. The boilers are tubular, and capable of beariag @ pressure of thirty pounds to the square inch. In additioa to the ample provision which te made ageinst accidents from leakage, there are two large Worthington engine pumps, and two bilge injec- tions, which, when in operation, throw off four thousand five hundred gallons of water every minute. Then they have on board three hunéred and fifty life preservers, 6ix Wrancis life boats, each capable of holding sixty . and two wooden boats, with seats for thirty per- nenp each. ‘The accommodations are amply sufficient fur two hun- @zed first and one hundred second class passengers. The state rooms are fitted up with » nice regard to and the saloons are furnished and de- sorated with admirable taste. The paaneliings are of satin and rose woods, and the ceilings of waite and gold blended. But it is in the ladies’ saloons, of which there are two, that the decorator has expended all the reseorces and beauty of his art. Taese apartments are tmtended exclusively for ladies, and althongh rather Mamited in their dimensions, are among the finest that we have ever seen on board @ steamsbip. The carpets, the ferniture, the ornaments, and the hundred other things that make up a well furnished apirtment, may be found here, and all of the finest workmanship. In fact, there appears to be nothing more to desire. Every attention appears to have been paid to that most indispensable part of a ship’s appointments— Me cooking department. The wine cellar, the fee house, the lardes, the buteher’s store- Reuse, and everything connected with the cuisine, trom he cock’s galley to the turnspit, is perfect im its line. Tere is also @ barber's stop, which is furnished with everything desirable in the shaving and shampooing line, and several bathrooms for the use of byh isdies and genilemen. The staterooms are fitted up in a style cor- responding with the other parts of the vessel, and are well lighted and ventilated. In regard to light and vea- tiiation, which are generally less thought of than any of the other requisites on shipboard, we are glad to per- evive that they have not been overlooked. The second @lass staterooms are furnished in a style hardly inferior to those inter ded for the frat class passengers, and the ouly wonder is thot, allowing so much room to each person, there are, afrer ull, accommodations for #0 many. The Fulton was originally owned by Messrs. Aspin- wall, and was intended for the Pacific trade, but is now, as we have stated, destined for the New York and Have Une, as the consort of the Arago, having been purchised by the Havre company while on the stocks. She also ua derwent great alterations from the original plan of her construction. Her register, according to Custom House maeasurement, is 2,300 tons, and her capacity for the eon- veyance of freight is estimated at 800 tons. } It is a fact partivularly deserving of mention in con- | neotion with the name of this spiendid steasaship, that | the Dean of Ripon, while epeakiag on board the great | English steamer Persia, which 1s now on her way to this port, stated that forty eight years ago he was on board the first eteamboat built by Robort Fulton, Whata com- mentary on the progress of science during a single life time! Trial Trip of the Steamship Persia. SPEECHES ON BOARD THE NEW STEAMER—THE DEAN | OF RIPON AT THE TRIAL TRIPS OF THE ROBERT FULTON AND PERSIA—SPEECH OF CAPTAIN COM- STOCK, OF THE BALTIC—SPEED OF THE PERSIA —DESCRIPTION OF THE VESSEL, ETC., ETC. (From the Liverpool Courier, January 16.) On Wedneséay last the steamship Persia, thé latest ‘puilt vessel ot the Cunard line, ard the largest and most ywerful steamer afloat, maae two tial wipe, the first jot fiom Greenock well down to Holy Island and back, and the second being from Greeuosk to Liverpool. ‘The day was all that could be desired. The sua rose in splendor, ite full orb being deeply lustrous, and its centre more radiant still, as though it said to the ‘ew persons from Liverpool, “Welcome to Scotland;” whilst it tingea the mountain tops with a deep brown, and brought cut ‘the summit of Ben Lomond, with its snowy mantle as though it had een the fleecy clouds, As the party n-sved the Persia, where they were received by Cantain Juitxios, the band of the Renfrewshire Militia, which was ou board. isyed ‘Rule Britannia.’ From the deck of the versin Br peters ot the Clyde, spread into beautiful expanse, were literally as smooth as glase, their appearance wherever they were affected by the wind, being as though meme gentle breath had iighily touched their suriace. The scotch papers speak of the beauty of the morning with evident delight, and it will create no surprise if the goene should have been more striking ty an English eye on a fret vieit to Scotland. From these disoursious, however pleasant, we must re- turn to the matter in hand—the trial trip of the Persia. Captain Judkins, the Commodore of the British aud North American Steamshtp Company, took the command ot his new ship. Captain Main undertook the pilotage of the vessel daring the trip, and on the voyage to Liverpool; his long experience entitling him to that distinction. Captain Douglas, the shore superintendent of the com- pany at Glasgow, also gave bis assistance. A brief account of the first part of the voyage, so far ‘as sailing is concerned, will suffice, as the vessel wax not | put to her full power, nor was a direct course steered, | the steamer being put over towards the opposite whore, | i | ‘to give the perrons on board an opportuni’y to see the scenery close at hand. It is usual, however, on thess oc- @asions to time the speed of rteamers within measured distances, aad this wasdore with the Persis. Tne mea- sured dis ence on the Ciyce, wich is between the Cl xh and Cumbrae Jighthouses, is 15% statute miles. Ths the vessel ran agatcat the tide in 8 minutes,as follows: — Abreast the Clich lighthouse. seeeedTh. 4m, 454, Abreast the Cumbrae lighthouse, 1222 45 During this run the engines averaged 17 revolutions per minute. (n passing the last named lighthouse the ‘engines were reduced to half speed, and the company sat down to s maguificent banquet, supplied by Messrs Wlerie & Attwood, of Glasgo*, who were ably assisted by Mr. M’Cubbin, chief steward of the Persia ‘About one hundred an¢ seventy ladies ao! gect/emen gat down in the aft, and fifty in the fore siloc George Burns, Eeq., filled the chats, xupported rigivt and left by Lord Blantyre, the Honofable and Very Reverend, the Dean of Ripon, the Lord Provost, Rey. Norman Macleod, Robert Napler, Esq., Alex. Hastie, Eaq., M. P., Sir Micnast Stewart, M. P., &c. John Barns, Esq , and Capt. Judkins officiated as croupiers. ‘The CHAIRMAN then said he was going to propose a toast which wight appear somewhat extraordiaary as aomiag from_himeeli— Tie mach respected tciend and partuer, Mr. Cunard. He did #0, not in his capacity as an ownsr ‘of that vessel, but he did so a4 a friend of nearly twe years’ sianding. Ho bad been binseif engaged ia seention of steam navigation thirty years, and two- thicds of the time in close union with that gentleman. He took that opportuni :y to propose Mr. Cunard’s healcn, ‘as that gentleman was not prevent, aod he did not wish the toast to fall into otber hascs. Not omiy himssif aad kis partners were jodented to Mr. Cunard for the ha, connection with him, but the country also was in- ted to him. Iu alluding to him, be need not any that in addition to his great outiays, a very lege portion * of bis enceess was att:lontable to the adutrabls temper be wlwnys displayed. He would also aliude to the de partments of government with which they bad been im. meciately connected. The fi «t of rh Jepart nents was the Admiralty, #nd he was happy to «ay he was afforded an opportunity of passing a remark or two on the pre nent First Lord of the Admiralty, Sir Charies Wool, He did so, because he was the first in the country—boing then Seeretary to the Adn{ralty—who lent a helping hand to this under‘aking; and not to it only, but @lay ty others, which had been equatly beneficial to the coun ry Sir Charles bad said to him many years ago, ‘1 look pon the Peoinsular and Oriental Company and your company, A* two obiidren.”” Whatever benefics there might have seen in carrying out the opera- tions of the company, they would scarosly ever have been accomplished, had it no: been ior the assistance of the Admiralty and Sir Charles Wood, and aiterwards by the assistance of Sir Francis Baring, his successor. It was this assistance which ena: bled Mr. Cunard and the prejectors of the company to link the old wor'd and the new. They bad ever since that period e: enced the greatest kindness fron i departments of the Brivish government—from the Po General down to the lowest fofficial. Mr. Row- jand Hill bad not been able to attend, but his mt, and also Mr. Page, of the Post offics, son was to which cepartment the company owed many thanks for the oniform kindness extended to them. ian ey haps he should not overlook another devartment. hah reeelved very great kindness from the Treasary, sud without ita nstistance he believed they coms nov have been there so comfortable that day, He moved that tue company should drink to Mr. Cunard and the depart- ments he had named, and to the noblemen who were at the head of those departments, (Drank with the ho nore.) Bend—‘‘Rule Britannia,’ ‘The Crammax proposed the health of Mr. Napier, the bnilder of the ship and engines, with whom the com any had been long conwected Mr. Napier hai built torty large vessels for the compary’s lines. and there hat never been ® fault ar mistake from the starting to the carrying out of any of them. (Jieers.) This war saying ‘8 vast deal, but they were so indebted to him. Looking St the verse! they ‘were oa board, and contrasting her with the veesels they had fif@en or sixteen years ago they must feel tha’ success had so far crowoed their Yabors, both in the veasela and machinery. He need nov say more of a gentleman so well known as Mr. Napier, but, like hitorel), they would join in giving a most cor- @tal toast. (Cheers. ) Band—' ‘Hearts of Oak.’’ | | Mr. Normen thanked them for the kind manner iu which his bealin had been proposed and received. He would much ranber build spotber Leet of ships than make ove spech. (Applause and taughter.) ‘The CHAMMAN said he had now t propese a toast which would wake rome amends tor the personality of the ove he had al exty given. He roeant te propowe sue. cess to their rival live, commonly called the Collias’— the steamers belonging to the Amerlosn government, aud running between Liverpool end New York, altermateiv with Dis ys, Phe gsut'emen evudacting the lat- ter hed found nothing but hove rt of their American iriends during the mauy yhud been avsociated in carrying out tue great inter- keel 278—while her breadib | eourse be ween America and Great Britain. He would take the hiterty of stating an instacce. Some eighteen | ove at — — vernment called _ nie oom- pany te sopply th « large numer of transports; the consequenee of which was the breaking up of the weebly e: mmunication with Awe’ ica, and they were re- duced to sailings ot orce s fortuight. (The Collies line went on Wednesdsys, and they on Saturoays.) On stating this to Mr. Brown and the other gentiem-n wh The engines, | managed thet ccucern, they at once handsomely entered into an arra:gement to take up the Diank Saturday, on the uncerstarding tbat when his company should resume, they would return. to their staed Wed- nesdays, He staei this aio om the pact of the Unive Ststes government, a8 well a¥ tnove gea- tlemen, became it required the concurrence of that government, and trey went into it most heartily; a now that they had got the return of some of vhose transports, and re-umed their Setarday’s day gaia, the Ameriean company had gone back most readily to their former @ays of soning als> sanctioned by the United States goverrment. He regrevted that the United States Censv} could vot he there that day, dut he had sent a letter arsiguing sufficient reasons and wishing ail suc ‘ess. ‘And he rejoiced that they could jive in competit on, doing all they possibly could to promote .he interests of thstc respeciive ecmpanivs, avd yet at the same time live in the most perfect friendship. He proposed ‘ Snesess to the Collins line of steamers,” (Great applacee ) Band—* Yankee Doodle.”’ The Cuarrman then eaid there was a gentleman on his left hand who had travelled, either Hterally or sympoli- cally, over all the worid, and who had, at all events, been over America. He begged to say, in a single sen- tence that there was no man whose heart was more de- serving of approbation than the Honorable and Very Reveread the wean of Ripcn, whom he hoped to see more frequent y amonget them. (Appisuse.) Band—'The tase with the bonnie blue e’en.”” The Dean said he could not find words to express bis admiration end gratitude at the success of that day's adventure. It had reaily been a scene well worth walk- ing half tbe world over to se, and certainly it was well worth his while to make a fousney from Eogiaad to be preent. Mr. Burns had spoken of bis patronage of the ship and company, but that contd not smouct to mich, as the company was patroni-ed hy all the world, ant by 2) officials from government downwards, as weil as by the American government, He had long been persua ‘ed that ‘there war nothing to cripple the progress of me:haxical science so long as it was backei by the enterprise aud liberality of England and Scotland (ear, hear.) When he reminded the company that it was now forty-eight years since he accompanied Robert Fulton on the trial Ag 3 of the first steamer that ever sailed in the world— (hear. hear)— and when he considered that within the short pertod of a man’s life he had witnessed the trial trip of Fulton's xeamer and the triat trip of the Persia, anc that he was still avie to make bis voice beard in that spacious cabin, his hope and trust was thet they might be enabled to mate pro- gress with still more sesurity, and backed by the sound principies of science; anc he truly hoped that when this most glorious vessel crossed ovee to Amerisa with intell!. gence, the same cordial good feeling migut be witnessed at ise York ‘as had marked its departare from the Clyde. (Applause. Lora BLaNTYRE then proposed a cordial bumper to the heaith of the Messrs. Burns, in connexion with whose liverality and experien:e the Cunard Company had con- ferred so many penefits on this country and America. (Great appiause.) Band—Concerted piece. The Cuairmay acknowle?ged this compliment, and cb- served that, alvhough theeompany was in prosperity now, he could net forget ite past and unseen struggles, which, humanly speaking, could not have been overcome, ani which vever could bave been surmounted without the aid ota divine power. (Hear, hear.) ‘The CHARMAN sid their time had now expired; but there was ore toast they should not forget—tue heatth of in Judking, tne commander ot the ship, and who held ene of the most important poritiuns im the eoncern—that of commocore of the fleet. (Loud appisuse.) Band—‘ The Bey of Bisesy.”” Captain JUDKINs, woo returced thanks, stated that he had been a commancer ia the servi:e of the company for tifreen years, and he hoped he might continue in it tor years to come. showd apy of them like to take # glea- sure sail with him in the Pe:sia to America, ne would rejoice to ree their happy faces'on board’ his ship. (Cheers. ) On the motion of Mr. Jomy Burys, three cheers were given for the ladies; after which the company rose and promevaced ‘he deck until the attendant seamer came alongside. At about four o’clock the steamer Vulean took off the party, who returned to Gissgow, and wao cheered hearti- ly as they deosried, to which the crew as loudly respond- éc; the Vulcan steaming aroucd the Persia to give those returning to shore an opportunity to take a full and final view of the vessel ere she departed for her permanent station. ‘As soon as the ship was cleared steam was got up, and the engines were set on at full speed ior the trial trip off the tail of Greencek Bapk, at 4h. 35m. P. M. At 4h. Sim. P. M the Persia was ab-east the Cloch Lighthouse. from whence the voyage to Liverpool astual ly commenced. Such a voyage toc speed, has never be- iore been made, and it is one which will ever live in the memories of those who were on boarc the ship. At first te weather was caim the ship going about the rame sate a6 the wind, which was fir. From the Mall of Galloway to the Point of Ayre (Ise of Man) the wiad was fresh on the beam. with considerable swell, and for tne remsinder of the voyage it was afresh breeze. The ship was rupzing light, starting with probabiy nboat 300 ons of coal on board; her draft of water being 18 feet aft. The passage f om the C och Lighthouse to the Bell Buoy was wade in 10 hours 45 minutes, being the shortest on record, her time being as fullows:— Abrrast the Ulech Lighthouse, Ditto Cumbree ditto, . Ditto Pladda ditto. Ditto Ailka Craig. Ditto Correil! Point Ditto Muilof Galloway. Ditto Print of Ayre.. Ditto Beil Buoy...... seen, At Ailsa Craig one of the boilers of the Persia was shat off, and for three-quarters of an hour the speed of the ea- gines was reduced t> fourteen revolutions per minute; the rest of the voyage their average was eighteen revolutions per minute, Some time was lost owing to the number of vessels inthe channel, which called for several cirewm- flexions out of the course, Had it not been for these drawtacks, the Perria would have made the passage in at least baif an hour less then she tock to accomplish it. But all obstacles overlooked, the passage was truly ex traoroinary, being nearly five hours under the ordinary time. The soft Scotch coal was used to generate steam on the trial trip. This coal is not so well adapted to steamboat une as the Carcifl coal, which generates more seam and maker no smoke, end which is ordinarily used by the Canard steame: he Scotch coal, on the other hand, is cf so emall a gravity and eo smoky, that with thedraft in the Persta’s furnaces great yolomes of smoke and ua- consumed coal were drawn into the funnels, and there ignitea. This fet must bave caused no little surprise to thore who saw the vessel steamtng down the channel, wich the jets of flame shooting from her chimoeys from time to time, and with ber great spe. The ouly thio we conlé compare her to was some leviathan wio he run away with two Scotch lighthouses, and wh> was besring his flaming thefts dowa the channel with pant- ing s'rides, aa though the Lord Provost of Glasgow, with all the police, were pursuing him The distances run by the ship were as follows:— From Clech Lighthouse to Ailva Craig......... 43 knots. to Covseill Point...... 15 to Mall of Gallowoy... 27 to Point of Ayre... to Bell Buoy... 22 « 68 Pra hed that the vessel ¢ hour, whica Total s.sesees —which is equal to steamed 16 knots, or 19 statute miles was the actunl speed through the w. Tt might be supposed that this high rate of scee’ wonld have pean Cangerous, but engineers will understand bew distant that fear was when we state that the preparation of tal- low and white lead u-ualty put oa the bright work of the engines of se-goiog steamers was as hard at the end of the voyage as at the beginoing. The slightes: heating of the engines would have instantly melied it away where- ever it, wax near @ bearing. As it was low water when the voosel arrryed at the Bell Buoy, she cruisec evsily about during the morning At eleven o'clock steam was put on, snd the vessel was brought into por, Csptain Brewster, of the steamer Jackal, saluting the Persia with bia guas as she stea aad into the river. The l’ersia was taken into the M1-kiason vessele in the deck dresivg teemeelvos up with co.orsin hovor of the event. Great naabers of persons cungre- gated on the piers to yreet the vessel on her arrival, ant not & few critical eyes were fixed upon her atate’y form During the pasenge mach atiention was patd te the compasses. which were adjused on Mr. Gray’a patent, tno which acted with admirable precision. Iti= not wonderful that the news of the Persia’s arrival ould make a cens@tton on Change, aod that many gen- en stould come cown to seo her. Some of them en beard to inspect the ship and a4 the vasael was tome ‘ie in the dock before = commnpicstion could be again ertablished with the shore, Captain Jaokins vory politely invied them to wine, and during their stay The health of the Hon. Samuel Ca-ard funder of the Moe, was proposed, and received with 6m ihasiasm. Captain Comsrocx, of the Colling steamer Ba'tis, row Sn6 propored the health of Captain Judkins, acding thess terms: " May bis success tn the Perain be equal to wai it hae ever been fo the Cunard 20.” (Jasers.) Captain JopKrxg oould only hope the ship and himself wouls have (he wi-hed tor anos, If he hat the good fortune which had hitherto attended bim in the Canard rervice, be did not think his owners would be diasatisded with the ensviog voyage. (Applase.) Capta'n Comstock observed that Mr. Caldwell, the angt neer of the ship, had charge of the fines: eogines in tne world, ofi-at or ashore, and propowd the hesita of the Merete. Burn, of Glasgow, in very complimentary terms, to which Captain Dougina re fs Captain Dovoras wished health of a gan- tleman who had been long connected with the service but who was anont to len take. the evsinend of the lerge stenmehin Gr tern, buildiog by Me. 5. Seott Rewestl, (Heer, ber.) Hovivg Capt. Breasts might have succes in the big ship, he bogged to prope bie bealtb. (Chears.) Captain RYRM proposed the health of Capt. Co natoale of the American steamship Baltic, wooo cel and triende ly charneter would 56 appreciate? by wll. (Ch tain Comsrocs court only thank the maa vwhich hls health bad been reepvaced to. Tha eteamer they were on boar! of Was the la rinetion of the ard line; be hoped the woul! eq isl a'l the expege tations of her owners and commancer. (f-ar.) Ha nad never seen a more periec: vessel, in evary departma (Hear, hear.) | His (the Colina) @ | then the Persia pany were abou: to pro meet their expect noe OLE Wh he and rival the mag sted, wo licen! y n+ kiodness on the | ears | Dock at noon, the American steamer Baltic and the other | NEW YORK HERALD, THURSDAY, FURHUARY 7, 126. . were thenon beard. (Sear, bear.) He was sure both ecmpaniex would seek to rival exe ocher in po ¥ Cing for the somfort of their pas enge s, aed in placing | their shtpe urdee such *tfitul managementas would make the rately of thei pastongers & Girst, if mot a retigi us, odligavovr—(applause)—and im heir transeidan ic mavi- gorim he beyed they wou d tival each other, not only in epeed, but ia everythicg which related to the wafery and combuct of \be? passengers. (Cheers) He hoped dheic ferling would always ve ‘iienely, and ay errcerned the Persia, thst she might win laurels for herself. (Ap- pls ore.) The Pealibs of Mr. Mackay, Oaptaing Dougias, Stone, and Ryne, ard Me. Robert ‘ peger,) were briefly git after which Ospiain Orinstock proposed the heaith of » gent who had done mush to show them tbe way across the Atiaatic, aad waove compass corrections were ex.remesy valusbie, Mr. Jobo | Grey. (Bear, be! Mr. Guay felt wach obtiged to Captain Comstock for his gooc opinion, a9 be believec him to be a geutieman whe | position enabled him to appreeiate the valce of avy »p- pication of science to ships, and to avsiga it the pluze to which it might be entitled. Torougnout the whoie courte of his jite, inLisdatly labors and in oie nig:ly thovgnta, he had endeavored to sid iv the aulety of iife and prope:ty im the nav gation of +hios—(hear)—aud 1! at ary time be cac ¢xpres-eu himset with ward feeling and apparent aepertty, it was cay when unwa rantable hberttes hac bern akeo wih bia work—a feeiug of aif dignity which he thought every man vas entt/ied vo when he was doing justice to society. (Hear, hear.) He hopea he shoud be able in bin pursuits to follow the edume markea out for him, to tne venelit of his feilow creatuces: (fear, hear.) Capiain JUDKINS proposed the heath of Mr, E, K. Ool- Ting, the f vocer of the American Hoe, The two lines of weamers bridged the At antic, and ail hat people se- quired to cox8 the cowan was to bring their carpe. beg and thirty guineas in toeir poe (Applause. ) Captein Comstock said be was persons'ly indebied tc the Mindpeas oF Mr. Collins, and his country was ako, for without him they would ‘never have had that lio? cf stesmers. (Hear.) Mr. Collins had embayked in the en- terprise with his enlarged jiverality, bys indiviiual and his reputation. He really thought, vbat yhe patriousm of Mr. Collias would never have bad the ‘ine at all. (Aagienss) ey were that ay on board the finess whip in the world. It wax wonder- tal to think of it, out the number of ner crew and pas- sengers would belarger then that of many towns ia the United Stares, In such ships their reeponsivilities were | great. Let them meet them in the best spirit. So acting ; @ her, there was nothing to stop ther. (bcs ) ¢ come now to speax more particularly of the ship herself, #8 to her build, engine power, und passenger ac | | commodation. The dimenrins of the ship may be firet | 360 feet. | 390 | 45 | mu ag 600 tons. Space for engines. oat the Paseia is rigged ar a bark (not ship rig, as stated in most of the papers, ) and xhe wilt have sutticient sp-ad of convars 10 enable her to cron the A lantie with ber Fativ aloe sbould necessicy require it, which may be judged of from the fact that her main yard is 76 feet jong. The vertel site very lightly on the water, and her syrcmetry is to be seen ib the ‘act thar she looks «naller than ehe really is, whem alone, he great proportions only appearing when taken in deteil. or when compared with ocher stendards. The cersia has an elliptical stern oeat'y gilt, and a half-leog:h ‘emale figure head, repre rentiiga Persian maiden, with musica icstraments and other articles of female occupation. the paddlevores are slightly gilt, and in the cen:re of each is a bold sarr- ing, representing a hon springing from between two palm trees, The Persia is the first iron steamship built for the Bri- vish and North American Roya! Mail Steampacket C m- pany, her Majeaty’s governuwent having hitherto required | wooden vessele, in case they should ve wanted for war | purposes, And here it may be interesticg to repes! » | observations made in thi er on the 1ltn of July last, | in reference to the launch of the vessel, which took place | on the 2d cf that month, and in which the career of the ermpuny she belongs to was briefly traced, fcom its mo- | dest orig to its present gigentic proportions. ‘The Cunare line, as it in popularly designated, com- me) ced operstions in 1840, with the view of connecting toe Eustern and Wes:ern hemispheres by the periodic! euiling of steamers. The firrt vesrel Cespaiched was the Unicorn, Cap'#in Douglas, which eatled trom Liverpool on ine 16th May, 1840, a¢ a ploreer, for Haiffax and 8os- ton, with twenty-five paseengers, The Unicorn was a comparatively siall steamer, aud when she got out she was pluced on the lize from Pictou to Quedec, as an nux iiiazy steamer. ‘The Britannia was the first steamer built for the ocean lire, and she was espatched on the 4th July, 1840, fr the same ports, to which she carried tixiy-three passea- gers. Substantially, this company haa enlarged the size and power Of its steamers six times since the Univorn went out, ss follows:— First, the Britannia, Acadia, Caledonia, Columbia. Second, the Hibernia, Cambria. Third, the America, Europa, Niagara, Cavada. Fourth, the Asta, Africa, Fifth, La Plata, Arabia. Sixth, the Persia. ‘These vesee!s may be classified as follows:— The four first, of 1,200 tons and 440 horse power each. The Hibernia and Camoria, ot 1,500 tons and 600 horse power exch. ‘The America and the vessels named with her, 1,840 tons and 700 herse power each. The Asia and Africa, 2,250 tons and 800 horse power each. Ja Plata and Arabia, 2,309 tone and 1,000 horse power each. ‘The Persia, 3,600 tone and 1,200 horse power. Bat perhaps the clearest way of putting the sfze of this veavel ta to compare her side by rive with ether vey els of the liue in length, power, and tonnage, and to include in the same compa:ison some other well known steamers :— 3.6 p Aslamtis 7 2,280 800 Great Britain......... 820 3500 500 Hiwalaya.......- 350 8,500 00 Of the above sbips, the Britannia, the Acadia, the Cale- dcnls, and Hibert is were sold a few years ago—some ot them golng into tbe hands of the Spanish government, where they stili remain. The Columbia was lost ia July, 1843. ‘The La Plata was sold to replace the ili fated Ama zon, which was burned three or four years ago on the ish coast. Returning to the vessel and beginning st the beginning, we may observe that the keel is 13 inches deep and 434 inches thick, ecarted in lengths of 38 feet, and a rabbit in the keel’ for the garbourd streak to lay into, The tern post i813 inches broad ani 5 inches thick. The rudéer stock is 8 incbes in diameter. The framing of the ship is of argle iron, paced normally to the stem, at in- tervals of 18 incher from centre to centre amidships, ani 20 inches from centre to centre about five fest before and abatt the ergine room bulkheads. Amidships these ribs are 10 ynstes deep, with doube angle iron rive:ed to each ¢dge@. ro a6 present in sec'ion the appearance of a letter H placed sideways, thus, =. Tos Pern 1s divided into reven water-tight cumpartments, and a novelty bas been introduced into her framing forard which, in the bow compartment, is laid diagonally, with a view of bearing # co jision, should it ever occur, in the strongest arrangexcent of the structure. The vessel 1s plated in and out alternately, in accordance with toe pre-ent ons tor of building iron ships. The keel plates are 1 1-16ths of an inch m thickness; at the bottom of the ship the pistes aze 15-16tha of an inch in thickness; from this rection to the wad water line they are % of an inch, ‘and above this they are 11-16ths of an inch in thickness The plates round the gunwale are % of an inch in thick- nees. Everything that ore ané skill could devise to make the Persis a sefe ship has been done by Mr. Nopier. Ia the water-tight compartmenta, for example. provision har been made, mach the same in principie as that adopted in Mr. J. Suott Ruaseli’s ship the Great Eastern, namely, the formation of a substantial double ship. The gocds oarried by the Persia are to be stowed in watar- tight compartmenta, each about 72 feet long, 15 ter wice, and 2Ofect deep, which form a species of tanks, suflicient in themselves t» float a considerable weight. The next point to consider ia the motive power of the slip, which ccnsixts of two side lever engines, which were constructed by Mr. Napier. We have no standard of compuling engine power to which all wili agree; heave there is a difference in expressing ihe power of a'steam- boat, which Mr. Neer thas applies to the Persia: —" 4 +- cording to the strict government rule of admeasurem her power is «qnal 19 that of 000 horses; accordiug to the pon Jeid down in the Earl of Har’ vicke’s bill, her | power is equal to thet of 1,200 horses; and sesordibg to | James Warts old established rule of 2,000 feet Ins. to the horre she is expected to work up to the pith of be tween 4,000 and § 000 horses.”” As a sandard, we adopt the Forl of Hardwicke’s bill, Let us lock, however, at # we of the dimensions of the Persta’s engines, and other par ieniare, which are as follows:— Inaw eter of eylinders, 100 inches. Leegth of stroke... cee. s 10 feet, Diameter of padcle wheels mtg Length of floate 10 & Depth of floa’s, o* Number of beilers ,. 8 Number of furnaces, 40 Pressure on boilers 2 Loa Length of engine room., 116 feet Breadth of aivto 45 4 Cavaci’y of coal bunkers sees 1,400 tons. Kxtimated cmmmption of ooal (per hour) 44 The botiers, which are tubular, are placed in two groups, fore and aft, and they are’ fired amidshias. It may also be stated that the ship has been so planed that ibe weight borne will repore on linge paralles to the keel. The eoal bunkers are placed beyond the b h extremity of the engine room. Fach bot furnaces, and they are #9 mdependent that any one of chem can be shut off should {: not be required. In one particular the Persia differs from the Araula, the steamer which care laet on the jue, namey, baving spaller b fiers, but & greater number of than, so ag to ensble che engineer to follow up the s:roke of the engine wi ha longer presen'e of steam. There a © heddes two donkey defers and engines for pumping the feed water inio tne boilers; and ip connexion with them are eight retrige ratore for nbetrac ing the waute heat from the bring as It fy blown off from the boiler to heat the feed water. Nothing can be conceived more striking than the work- ing of the engla« bere was ® ‘ite nows from the engines on the trial trip, na it is naval on these occxstons io werk them loosely; but when they wre a3-# ved up, which they will be for ae there wilt be no nofa# whut evar beyond the low anging of the exhausted oylinders, b ponderovs machine ee aot eisew sere exist and 6 stand in the engine-room and lock up at the rolghty batt». cranks @ud roda, moving with silent, steady and solemn, but pow > which must aitract even the mort th end prodnee respect or the intel.eot and praciics) siti. of the mea who pFo- Goaced then | @ From the ergine-room to the cabin is a short transition. flere are aceowmoeda ha on one on oma for 260 passengers, who will k. There fs @ passage ali rowed n Geck, 50 that no passenger will (principal engi- | need to come on (eck te get to or fiom hiv berth. On ‘ech 18 au elegant carin ir geotlemen who do * in the centre of the rnip, and adjoining it is tre iadwe? cabin, waich ts a ge goous rom, uphoistered in a style fit for e queen. ana accrned wits ch is6 paint jogs trom the peneil of dr. D. MiCalmin of Glasgow, whoee grov pa of flowers slao Geovrate "he main *aloon. ‘bw eabin is paceiled with bird’seye maple, and 15 ie beated by stesm as are also all other parts of (be ship. Ube beight between ceoka in this part o| th ship is cizbt fet six iueber, and the be thy mre wus y lighted und ventiiared The bertns aces p.Aina wit the veual conveniences; and it msy be mro'io: ed that there are DO M@: Iban twenty water closets ia various oarts tthe lower deck. Om the upper deck are the main and fore salvons, the olficers’ beribe, and other accommoda tions, At the exiremo after-end of ‘be ship is a large smoning room, wi h eabing for the captain and chief of- fieer, from whieh they ean see the entire wording of the thic, Next to these is toe main saloon, which is 60 teet jong, 20 feet wade, and 8 feet hign. ‘This saloon willdins ab utl70 persons. It ie penetied in bi d’s eye maple, with twisted pilasters, and nes ly gilt /riese aud The upholmery in red velvet, with red -atin window car- tems, ewbroidered iu gold. The patel: gre bled wish floral paintings, similar to the lacie.’ cxcin. Kiegantly Sramed mirrors a1¢ placed at the fure-end of the asloon, asin the otber verse!s of the line. but at the after-end a difference has been made by the iatrodaction of two degatiful b okesses, and masatve folding doors which open into the smoking room. The skylight is filied with waines glass, the prominent features ® Persian end a Perrian woman ic their na‘ive costume. Forward of the «aioon are the kitehen and vantry, each of whieh has an ases of 200 ‘eet; the floors of which are beautifal- ly laid wite tiles, ‘The ‘ore sal oo, ana the various stora reoms anc officers’ xpariments, are alao placed on the wain ceck; whilst the crew are ascommodated in the top- ut for ecartle. ‘© might er umera‘e the convenienges of the Persia to any extent, sod ot her baker’s and her butohec’s sbope, her joirer’s aud carpenter's workshops, her sur- gery, iee houses, amo house, oath room, and similar ar- Tapgements. Butit $e tot necessary to dwell upon those points, as the Perris carries within herself appliances of ocmfort excelling the frst hotels in the country, and she possesses ssloons which bave not unfitly been compared wo the rtments of a baronia! resideuce. Bat perhsps ‘to one part of her outfit will be more strixing exeription. The Persia, fitted out on the the other veeeels of the lice, will requi 400 ccunterpanes, 1,200 blankets, 1,600 sheets, 800 pi' Jow tlips, 4,600 towels, anc 400 table cloths; all of which, or vearly 60, would come into requisition on a current voya ‘The summit of the saloons and officers’ messrooms forma.s hurricane dock, well ratles, ‘on which there is au uninterropted promenade tin length. and of pro- portionata width. This deck will form the passengers’ promenade and it wil be very seldom that it cannot be ‘Deed a8 a drv avd conforiabie place for walking. The Persia bas two sets of deuble steering wheels, 80 that shecen ve steered eitber aft or amidsnips, as cir- cumstencer may penne ‘The crew of the +hip will be mace up as follows: Exgineer’s depariment—tpgineera, 8; firemen, 64, Sieward’s Cepsr'ment—Cooks, 8; stewards, 36. Sailing department—Cfticers, 6; aole bocied seamen, 54; doctor, 1; purser, 1: carpenter, 1; jeine? 1. Total, 170. The Persia will accomm« date 260 gore, and oarry 1,£00 tone of meesuremert goots, and 1,400 tons of coal, at a draft of 22 feet, the weight of herself, eargo, end st-1@ being then 6,400 tons, One word more: Liverpool hes approved of the Persia, bat she bas to make her appearance at New York, where +he will undergo @ scrutiny of the most rigid character end whee the American mind will award tis veraio:, We send her forth for any criticism which 18 just, aad it is be heped that justice a: d generosity will meet the Persia on arrival at New York, for which she will sutl on the 26th inst. The next ship for this line will be called the India Fire at Syracuse—Lose $200,000. The following aré the particulars, trom the papers, of the Sre im Syracuse on Saturday, the 2d inst:— ‘The Armory of the Citizens’ Corps was firat destroyed. Most of the members of the ocmpany hud thele Coati nental uniform at heme; consequently but a few ruits were destroyed. A nomber of murkets were saved. The lors to the company must be about $1,000. No in- furance. ‘The Chrenicle printing office, in the next story, was entirely destroyed. Their books and papers. in the busi- ness office, were saved, and their safe, containing man books and papers of value, is still inthe ruin. Thefr loss is about $6, 000—insuzec $4,000. ae Odd Feilows’ Hall Association lost $1,200—insure + Syracuse Lodge No. 18 lost their entire regatia. Thoir boors were savec, Loss about $500. Fully insured. Alphadelpbia Lodge No. 44 iost everythiog except their books. ‘Their loss ia $150. [nsured $500. ‘Onondage Lodge No. 27 lost everything excepting thei- books. abeir Joas is $250 or $300. No insurance. Schiller Lodge, No, 408, lost their entire regalia ani docks. Their iors is about $200. No insurance. Cynosure Encamptment, No, 14, lost not far from $200 Insured for $200, Mr. Joy occupied a room in the third story as an ar- cbitect’s office. His room was not entered, and all the property in ft was destroyed. Loss $300—no insurance. Hilin'& Morgen’s law office on the second oor; saved all their property except a ‘ew papers. Some of their books were badly damaged by water. Drs. Shipman & Acams, on the eecond floor, lost a large portion of their library and a number of anatomi- cal specimen, and ® large medicine case. Loss abou: $2.000—no insurance. Smith & Randall, dentists, occupied a room on the recond floor, lately vacated by Dr. Campbell. They were about moving into the Pike block, and lett a few goods which were hastily removed. Loss not serious. Hayden & Letchworth, saddlery hardware, had a stock of about $20,000, About half was removed and the bal:noe burned. Insured $10,000. Mann, Lewis & Belden, crockery merchants, ozcupled a store on Salina street. A good shave ot the crockery was taken out of the store, but their loss is probably $5,00—fully insured. R. Stillwel’s Sons ceenpied the corner store as & boot nd shoe store. They sueceeced in getting out nearly al) their goods from the first floor, bat the basement and upper story ocntained a large amount of proper'y. Their Joss cannot te less than $16,000—:neured, $4,000. T. A. Bartiett occupied the first store on Fayette street ase rug store. Moet of his goods were removed. Lous about $1,C00—fully insured. J. K. Stazin occupied the next room as a bosiery sto-°. Hie property was slitaken oat. Loss not very serious, ard believed to be insured. F. Seiden occupied tho Iast store in the block as a bakery establiehment. His goods were all taken out. Lose not rerions—no insurance. The brilding was vslued by the proprietors at $25,000, and wasiraured for $22,000, ‘A. G. Alger’s boot and shoe store, in the building next to tbe Dillaye block, was damaged by waver and the te!'- be tH ‘Bis logs is about $1,600—fully insured. ies Mobie’s millicery eetabli.hment was serlowsly i :- Jured by the falling walls, and her goods damagcd | y Water. Her loss ie about $1,200—insured, $600. ‘The block was not very substantially built, and! 2 heavy cornices, together with the top part of ‘the wa, fell as noon as the timbers were burned off. This made very dangerous for the firemen and citizens who wee rrying ont goota from the stores and offices. It was fortunate, bowever, that the walls tumbled down so quickly, as the fire was beyond the reach of the stroams trem the hydrants, apd the fa.ling walls deadened ihe flames and kept the fire from spreading. Fora time ic appeared that the fire could not be arrested by mmply Gestroying the Dilaye block. It was one of the coldest nights we have experienced this season. A cold, biting wind was blowing a perfect gale from the west, and the eur was filled with sparks and burning embers. The Episcopal church caught fire several times, in the delfry ard the steeple, ‘The hyérants gain proved their usefulness and € ‘cacy in case of fire. ‘There are some doub‘n ax to how the fire originated, but it is generally belfeved to be the work of an incen- diary. Many of the firemen froze their hands and ears. “rag- ging the bore to the tops of buildiogs, and in their xesl to arrest the flames, Affairs In Mexico, LETTER OF DON IGNATIO COMONFORT, PROVISIONAL PRESIDENT OF THE MEXICAN REPUBLIC, TO THE GOVERNOR OF THE STATE OF ZACATECAS, D. VIO- TORIANO ZAMORA. My dicniy Extsemep Friexp—I have just taken pos- ting Prerident, of the provisional govern. republic. I came to the resolution of nc- cepting this difficult charge as I became soldier, not from tLe aliurements of po rer and glory, but in order to per- form a airict duty, making fur my couatry she greniast sacrifice that a man in my position can offer. As Prorident, I shal not forget that I was ohiet of 5 fon, and this reflection will be 16 entee of my deep respect for liberty, that ioestina- ple blewwirg which cost us # struggle of thirty yerrs, But at the rame time I shall watch with inflexiale severi- ty ever public order, else 1 could not fiGl the rac. usive micrion of all gcveruments. For the same reason my administration vill be guited by tho counsels of pru- dence and the sncred den ands of justia, ‘Therepubite, suffering trom the evils of interme! dts- orgsnization, and weskened in the eyes of foreign mi tions, can only be re-establishes {n ita integrity, aod reguler and progressive course of public affaics introduc- ed, when sll those who commend and those who obay. perform with unanimtty their mutual duties; th retore 1 shall enpecially devote myseit to the task of preserving and streng'!hering the national unity. Thope that no prejudgment of my public acts will be found; any hostile prejudice would be ungrounded, and, for from facilitating the achievement of good, would mul- tiply the obstacles by which Tam alrexdy'surroundot. 1 etter myvelt that I chall coon be in @ position to rep”, by my act! wits. Some of thoes arxailed mo in the Ministry of Wi and finally proveked shame'ul disorders, bat public op ion hae already condemned them, and I myself have pardoned them, I bold power without nourishing any vindictivenes#. Iam convioced that, without the co-ope- ration of all good Mexicans, it will be impoastble for mo to ‘esminate, in ® satisiactory way, the complicated and important putlic affairs on which the future welfare of theesuntry depends, and I nm satiafled that you will Jené me yours; for you have given me repeatedly honor- able proofs nf your esteem. You will not, I know, refuse me your aid ata moment when I need it more then ever. Your most affectionate servant and friend, Mexico, Dec. 12, 1865. I, COMONFORT. ms, to the giatuitous aocusetions of my e.- Political Intevigence. Hien, ASA Packer, oF Puev.—The Easton, Pa. £epress The New York Herarp, in its enumerstion of the +e she foes upon the oesasion of the election of “peaker, places Hon. Ara Packer, the member from thia district, smorgst ihe republicans. This ia really mews to bis frience, @& he has always been regarded bere as a nn- tion. }demcerat, The Hevsip shoud make the amenie and piace our triend the Jucye in a true light before the country. He way elected « democrat, acted with the democrats in the House, and there is no doubt of hia de- mocrecy. The Tenth District Know Nothing Convention of Masan- chusetts torled s simple resolution endorsing the course of Mr, Chaffee, M. C, for that distyict, fa vouing for Mr. apke. The Cold Weather and ita £ffeots. THERMOURTER DOWN IN NEW MEXIUO. A letter from Santa Fé of toe 27th of Docemver, says:— On the night of the 184 the snow tell ia the plava vigt- teen inebes ceep, and on the nignt of the 24tu vbe ther mometer stord 28 cegrees below zero. This has been the coidest season for the last eight years, SNOW AND ICE IN THE PAR WEST. The an-w atorm of the 26th ultimo, prevailed ae far weree ee The ee soa tak dee in St. Loats ‘The ice on the river at Patermo measures trom one ond a balt to two feet in thisknoes.’ Spo@ fel in St. Lovse and other parte of Missouri three last week, and it is said to be deep ant iacreasing av ville Independenee, St. Joseph, Lexington sai the ceurse of the Mlinois and the Upper iss esippi tributaries, also an unusual depth of ruow clothes the grouni, and will be the means of swelling those streams to a great extent. TBE ICE EMBARGO AT CINOINNATI ATTACKED. ‘The s'eamboat men at Cincinnsti are har channel cut throvgh the ice in the river. Tweoty-ni steamn- doate and their ‘4, Velued at # million of dollars, will be relieved by movement, COLD WEATHER IN TEXAS, The late cold weather, says the Galveston News, was very severe on tze upper Brazos. A letter from Fort Belknap says tbe nort set in on the 23d, anddenly, when windows and doors were opea on acoount of the heat, andin » few woments the oold was paralyziag, billing horses, calves and cbickans, and frost-bi:ing seversl persons exp sed to its merciless fury. Toe Brazos froze strong enough to bear upa horse. fhe meroury, atsunrire on the 25th, was} deg.; on the 26th, 0 ceg.; on the 27th, 1 deg. below zero; on the 28th, 0 deg., and on 20th. 1 deg., and during this time a fierce wind blew trom the north and northeast. STRONG ICE ON THE MISSISSIPPI. One of the heavy Cinclauati steam fire engines was aken ever the Misrlesippt river on the teo at Sr. Lous 1m the 21st ult. A bold teameter of the city, named Moyer, uncertock, for $100, to haal i: across with a team of five horses. He gave a bond of $8,000 to deliver her safely in St. Louis, and accomplished the feat. ICE AND FROST IN ¥EW ORLEANS. The New Orleans Bee of the 26th ult., says:—To our hyperborean friunds, who, at the North snd West, are congealed into an ; ¢ may seem rather pleasant and comfortable for the denizens of the Crescent City io shiver during thirty days uncer a temporature either barely above, or positively below freeziog polut; but to the said denizens themselves such a succescion of cold spells ia utterly unexampied, and particularly disagreea- dle. When it ts in mind that weare within nix degrees cf the torrid zone, the fact that since Christmas we have enjoyed but two intervals—each of a few hours of mode rate weather—it rust appear rather surprising. The old Creoles, whore heacs arc silvered by the frosts of age, are literally astounded at the eontinued cold. It is some- thing 10 which their experience offers no paralie!.— For thirty deya we, children af the dun, Rave boon visited by almost uninterrupted frosté. The ice re- mains undisturbed in the streeta—the portion melted by the sun during the day is again aclidified at night. A RARE SIGHT IN LOUISIANA The Thibodeaux Mfimerva hes the following:—An una- sual right presented itaelf to the people of La‘ourche. on the morpiug ot Tuesday, the 22d inst. Tue sbores of our beabti'ul bsyou were margined with a sheet of ice some six feet in width. The ‘oldest inhabitant’? was imme- lately consulted, and he asserted that at no former pe- riod within hia memory bad such an o¢currence taken place. The inference isa oxtural one, therefore, that the 22d January, 1856, was the oollest day ever exp2ri- enced tn this portion of Louisiana. We were shown {ce two inches in thickness, which, ail will admit, isa pretty fair rpecimen for a single nigh’?s operation. WINTER IN NASHVILLE. The Nashville Advocate, of the lat ult., sa: est inbabitants tay they have never wituessed 60 eonti- nuous and uniform 2 period of cold weather as duriag the present winter. We have had very little variation tinee the 2¢d of December. At the dae of this writing (January 24) there is scarcely any sbatement of the cold. A snow fell on Se.aiday night, 19th, whish yet ccntinnes on theground; and the mereury on the morn- ings of 2d and 24th was down to zero, or below. Since the above was writtea we have had another great fail of snow. WEATHER IN MOBILE. The Mobile Adtertiser of the 20th ult, says:—We had hoped—and that hope and subsequent experience are cut an illustration of the fallacy of human hopes—‘hat we were finally through with the cold of the season. ‘This was on Saturday, but at Sondsy noon the mercury had fallen to an uncomfortably low point, and yesteriay and the night preceding were exceedingly severe. Ice was formed p'entitally and the ground was frozen co @ stopy consistency. Vegetation has suffered severely during the recent cold weather. The leaves are falling, all brown and withered, from the sweet orange trees, and ibe Adverticer fears that they have experieaced a frost biting from which they cannot recover. PUTTING UP ICE IN CHARLESTON, 8. C. ‘The Charlestonians are putting up their own Ice from the ponds surrounding Charleston. They usually import it. Other Southern eities this year have their ica supply at their own doors, which will affect the trade in that article next season. EFFECT ON STOCK IN VIRGINIA. A correspondent of the Petersburg South Side Democrat, writing from Amelia Court House, Va., say: If bis wea ther cont’nues mueh longer | fear halfthe stock wilactual- ay freeze to Ceath; many cf them have already died, aud the balance of them hove their tails and ears frost bit- ten. It will take doubie the usual quantity of provisions to serve this winter. BAY OF BALTIMORE. A subscription has been collected at the Corn Ex change of Ballimore towsrds opening a track through the ice frcm Boulby’s Wharf to North Point. The pro- position is to employ a thousand men, or more if necos- sary. ICE IN THE DELAWARE RIVER. The Trenton, N. J., Gazeite of the 6th instan’ say: It is said there bas not been such an amount of ic» ia the river since the year 1804 ax there is at present. We have seen the Delawaro at different times for nearly forty years, but never remember to have seen it present the same aspect as it does the preseut season. The sight cppos'ie this city is quite grand, the river being tuil of miniature icebergs. BRISTOL HARBOR FROZEN OVER. ‘The harbor of Bristol, R. I., was completely frozen over on the 4th instant, as far down aa the eye could reach, ‘the steamer Literty, from Newport, arrived at 12 o’elovk, baving been detained for several hours by ice in Newport harbor. ‘The Braéford Durfee has not arrived from Fall River. Mount Hope bay 1s frozen down to Bristol ferry. TRE RAILROADS IN WESTERN NEW YORE BLOCERD UP. We copy the following from the Rochester Democrat of the Sth instant:—We learn tnat the mail train which left here on Saturday afternoon, for Ningara Falis, was thrown from the track at Suspension Bridge, injuring Mr. Robert Dixon, engineer. Mr. Watters, conductor, and Mr. Sher- wood, baggegeman. Their injuries, however, were not very severe, they being eble to hetp them-elves. ‘The train due here fram the Falls on Sunday evening was thrown from the truck this side of Spencerport, by the breaking of » driving wheel belonging to the engin». ‘The train and pasrengers remained out all night, as no assistance could be sent them. On Monday morniag, Com. Jackson started with two engines for their rel but had proceeded only a few miles before they were of the track, one of the engines rolifpg in the gutter on one side, avd'the s.ow plow on the other. At this writing uo communication had reached the pas: r train. The passenger train which left here s' 8 w’closk yester- day morning, for Syracuse, drawn by two engines, hid pr. ceeded but two miles and a half when the for vard en- give, the ‘ Cayuga,’ was thrown from the track, by the accom’ ion of ice. Information was rent back to the depot, another ae: ¢ was despatched to go and bring the train back to the city, minus the ‘‘Oayuga.’” Toe oxprers train due here at 7:45 yesterday morzing, from Syracuse, was thrown from the track seven miles east of this ci'y, and bad not reached here at 103 A. M. ‘The trains on the Genereee Valley road were ali behind time, the read being so badly drifted. It was the in\ention of the Superintendent to start the 11 A. M. train cast, on time, but it was thought that the road would not be clear before night, if even then. There was no train sent either way on the Central road on Monday, «xcept to Buffalo, that section being the most clear of suow, until late in the afternoon. ‘On the Rochester and Niagara Falla section there are Iwo engines off the track, hesite the two that are off witbin seven miles eas: of the city. One of the gentlemen connected with thiz ofice wason the train which became Gisabled between this city and Spencerport, and gives tte follwing account ¢f the pertls thet were endured daring the cold night of Sunday. The wise:ies endured by a party so cixcumstauced may be imagined, but not fuily described ‘The Sundey train on the Niagara Valls road, due here at 6:60 P. M., when at ® point nearly half way betwoen Spencerport and this efiy, was obliged to stop for the night, pertly on account of the breating of tie forward dciving wheel of the engine “Osioans,” which was at- aches to the train, and partly because of the great mow dhifts which are piled upon the track in several places. There wes oui a ringle passenger car attached to the trein, which was crowded wih Jadies and gentlemen, nearly ail in a suffering condition. A messenger was despatebed to give information to the Superintendent cf the state offeirs, and get another locomotive to draw the train into the ety, Twoenpines were seni out early on Monday morning, but one of them was thrown from the track by the snow drifts, thus p eventing the other from getting near the train. All the passengers, except about a dozen, started on foot for the city, when ‘they saw that the prospect for getting the train through became fainter. About 16 o’clock, Mr. Daniel Warner, who resides about a quarter of a mile from the place where the traia was de- reined, went up and invited ali the passengers to his house +o get refreshment, rly all consented to do so, with- cut requiring @ second invitation. Had it not been for Mr, Warner’s hospitality, the eufferings of thore on hoard would have been protracted much longer, and would have become at length wery acute, Alter [deer of a boun- tifu) repast, the company were turnished with horses aud fleigh, axe they set out in high glee for the city. They had to meet with an adventure, however. When abouta mile from the starting point, a hage drift of snew was een, extending across the road. No difficnlty was an icippied in crogting it, but when they had reached tae op the sleigh suddenly turned over, end the whole eom- peny were depesited in the rnow.’ Fortanately no one yas hurt. After resting # litle, and recapturing the horses, who had made eff at full speed, the company again ret out, come ou foct, and the rest in sleighs, pro- vhied by the bospitab'e farmers in the neighborhood, and a‘iera brief atrupgle with the wind and snow, reached the city in estety. Up oor Mw. yesterday, the train from the Fells had not arrived here, and paiweengera who came to the city on fot eay the chances tor raiireading for the next twenty- foor bons [are pot very flattering jn that direction. ‘Trey aio veport the laborers ino suffering eoudition —ocme ef (hem with frozen faces and others with frozen hance, ond the ekin rubbed completely off, The treins on the new rond between this oily and Syra cnee arrived here about noon yesterday. On the old road nething bal arrived or departed, that road being com. pletely buried in snow. We learn that the passenger troin which le’ Ningata Falls yesterday morning, and due here at 10:45, came ia collieton with a freight wain coming east, ene mile west cf Adsm’s Basin. Information of the accident was ims rediately vent to the city by Mr, Mark Wetls, oon duetor of the persenger train. As there are two or other ivatos this side of the scene of che disaster wno up, ecmmunication by rail was impossible. The despatched with the news came through on horseb: and reports the roai ina horrible condition. He not give avy particulars, as he left before the amo Caw age done war known, bat reports several passen; voriously ipjnred. If possible, we ehall give fail par Tare iv the morning edi . Tre Utics Guzerte of the Sth saya:—From every di’ tion we ha: e@ accounts of the seventy of the storm w’ has prevailed with more or lees violence since night. ge our own vicinity, North ani South, the snot drifteo to such an extent as to render many of the ri actualiv impassable for horses, avd on the Biack, Ri Railr ad i comotives seem to have found quite tl match in the immense drifts peculiar te the region. the time we write this (Monday, 9 P. M.,) the which left Boonville Saturday morning has not yet 4) ceeced in reaching Utica. Jenne lett this with » powerful locomotive for its reef on Seturday| M., but in the Deep Cut, between Trenton and Rem: four d the snow some five or six feet deep, and had mistortune to get off the track with bis relief train, other bei still! further north. The messenger brought tpis information atiempted to do #0 on back, but finding it impossinle to do so, took horee, and performed "he journey on foot. EFFECTS OF TRE COLD ON BAILWAY MAOHINE! The SuperinteMfflent of the Erie workshops at Sas hanna, repor'a, the beginning of this woer, that he’ never known so hard a week upon iron in his Ke Tt deen wi h great diffiouity, aud by working « Large fo of men several nights, t plied with power. Sowething ‘were brought in disubled—some with pumps frozen end burst; some with side rods brosen; some cylin: burst; but the greatest difficulty was in ‘he broken ti of wheels, These are of the best wrought iron, over inches thick, but they are not sufliciest to withstand { differenes of contraction between the east iron centi| and wreugbt tron bands upon a frozen road, where ticity was congesied to srosky solidity. The bre ge of axiea, wheels, rails, in fact ail-the stationary moving iron, hes required @ most untiring vigilance, an extraordinary ¢xpense. MELANCHOLY OCCURRENCES. A young lacy of Cumberland county, Penosvivanta,| few bights since. whi'e sleizh riding, complained of ing cold, but svon after on c’ming to @ tavern, she fused to ga: out, saying she felt very comfortable, they drove on. Acriviog at home, she-had to be assis out of the sleigh. in» stupor-like manne:, an) al afterwardr expled. Tre Philadelphia American says:—About two o’ck on Sunday afternoon, « German named Louis o5n, about thirty five years, was food iying upon the si] waiks in Second tree", above Mon‘gomery, in the Nil teen'h ward. He was c nyeyed to the station house, ¢ it was then discvvered that he was cead. TUE DESTRUCTION OF BIRDS. The winter’s seve ity ).4s fallen upon uo portion of animated creaion with greater rigor than upon feathered tribe. The pwr biras are literally nowt starved ccniition, The snow covers the ground ové vast track of country, comple'ely cutting off their us supply of food, or corpeliing them to subsiat on poison’ leaves or berries, They sre driven to farmera’ bar stacks aud houses for something to eat. The boys t or shoot them by thousands, Tho danger is that all insectivercus bircs iu the country will be destroy which could not happen without irjary to the far erops next summer, from myriads of destructive 1 News f<om Braztl. OUR NAVAL CO#RESPONDENCE. U. 3, SHIP SAVANNAH, Rio Jangino, December 15, 1855. 4 Facts Concerning the Montevideo Bevolution—An Ameri Force on Shore—Don Pedro and Paraguay—British } French Forces in the Pavific—Weather and Heath i ports—-Movements of War Ships—Marriage of an ruan Lady. ‘The mil from Montevideo arrivod here yesterday, brings intelligence that snother revolution, on a se scale, had disturbea the temporary peace of the pid! Little blood was suei, but there was great excitemé and the marines of the U. 8, sh'ps Germantown and B bridge had beén rent ashore to look after the inter) of American cftizens. The anvexation to Brazil had t literally “knocked on th» head’? by, it is reported,’ interference ot Fravoe, which opposed that project. The affair between Don Pedro's government and thi} Paraguay continues to employ the faculties of politic! im devising moans for ita adjustment. The Paraguay] are as stubborn as mules, and will not give an i The Brazilian soldiers woo hare been withdrawn {i Montevideo are kept in readiaess for s campaign aga the aforesaid etiff-necked republicans, in case they sist in thelr cry for war. ' The marriage of our Coneul’a gon, the janior Mr. S4| to Miss Maxwell (firm of Wright, Maxwell & Oo.), is topic of the day in American circles here. The couple go home to day ia the bark Fame, to apend ‘honey moon’? in the iand of Washington. Our ‘chip's comps1y bave not been content in exp", ing rympathy for the yeliow fever sufferers fe Ne end Vort-mouth, bu‘, determined thai a subs:anvial of thar feelings shall be exhinied, a subvcriptiog| been raised, the amount of whish at present exceeds] monificent ‘sum of five buncred éoilars, the joint mi butions ot officers blue jacke:s aud maiives. I nope, believe that the Savanush is the first national ship which euch a credit: monstra’i yn of charity (ow the afliictea cities has heen witnessed. Now that an American cioud appears in the alrA] blackense firmament (f British affairs, I canaet calling to your «tention the fact tuat ihe Loodon Ti implied boast of the +agasity of British statesmen ta seeing snd gue:ding egaingt an eruption with the Ur States, has not been ao chimerival as many are dis; to think. Recollect that every one of my letters fo: Inst year has chronicled additional retnforsemeata t allied syuacrons in the -Prcific. ‘srounc toe Horn: bat there are some, not n> poltisal intrigue, who believe that Californis b scmething to do with the acdition of more than 300 to the English and French forcesin the Pacific. I m notice thee facts for abler men to rumtnate upon. The westher is extremely warm, but thanks tc admirable quarantine regulations, no siskness bas 1 imported. We stlil expest to go to Montevideo bt this mrnth expires. ‘ ‘The British mail from Southampton arrived or; 4th and will leave to-morrow. I may write shortly if the plot tn the farce of Brazt| Giplemacy tr ickens wich regard to Paraguay. ar sbips in berbor:—American, Savaaneh; Bri, Madegarcar, steamer Sharpshooter, brig Siren, ti port lyne; Wrench, Poursuivante, Besumanoir; an usual fleet of Don Pedro’s steamers. EDI on the 11th ult., nominated for State officera:—J. W; of Washington, for Attorney General; James B. Sha,} Compiroller; James H. Raymond for Creasurer. ‘The Free’ Macons had s grand procersion and juet on the occasion of the meeting of the Grand Lj the Gaiveston News, in giving an account of the a’ BRyS :— ‘The banquet and ball at the Tremont, ia the ever, was in keeping with the proceedings of the day, number of persons present was between seven and hundred. The supper was abundant, ard both sub?) tial and elegan ere has probably never been bled in lexas a more intelligent and rexpestable box] men than the members of the Grand Lodge. toem are citizens of long standing, and men to foresight, patriotiem ana self-racrificing spirit Tex largely incebted for her present honorable and pt Tous condition. The tact of their prevent meoting, will leng be e theme of pleasant remembrance ty citizens.’? The following are the officers elected by the Gh Lodge for the present year:—M. W. Grand Mast Sexton; M. W. Deputy Grand Master, John B. MoM M. W. Senior Grand Wardes, J. E. Cravens; M. W. Ji Grand Warden, Henry Sampson; M. W. Grand Treas! Wm, Stedwan; M. W. Granc Secretary, A. 8. Ruthv’ We iearn from the News that during the recent se! of the Grand Lodge of the Masonie traternity in G#| ton, ibe corner stone (f the uew Masonic Hali in tha was laid with appropriate and imposing ceremonies. Governor Pease bas vetoed the act amending tls! supplementary to the act incorporating the Hendlr and Burkville Railrcad Company. Speaking of the? the News rays:—It gives appearance that Texas, longer to be mae the sport of visionary speeulatory adventurers, anda name of reproach in the stock, ket of the North and Kurope. Mr. Francis Fora died in Corpus Christi on the! ult., ager 66 years. He was buried with Masovich In noticing Lis death, the Advertiser enys:—In the Wy 1812, Freneis Ford war a noicier; and the sur heroes of the battle ot New Orleans will remem asa companion in arme, who shared the laurels well fought fel¢—that glorious vietory. The arr: the Seminoles, in the ewampa ot Florida, “ twice & blocs’ from the deceased, daring that long aod war; and onthe plainsof Mexico he again shou! his musket in his country’s onure. It appears that the public debt bill passed the dy & vote of 16 to 14, with a proviso offered by Mr, G? thut the acoeptance of the Congressional act shouy be construed to bar any citizen of Texas from prosig cloime agninst the United States for Indian depreday, The Legirlatore haa pasted a bill for the protect the frontier. It authorizes the enrolment aud tion in azd for the more exposed frontier settle: not exceeding fifteen companies of minute men ‘op | protection egainst hostile and marauding fudian companies to be compored of not more than fortyp each, inciuding one captain, one lieutenant and tw geants. 1 ‘The Legislature haa apt the bill which provic, | i rent of the #ix companies of voluntears " out in November, 18f4, The Galveston News has a letter dated Sabinal, Ei disiriot, Jenuary 10, which say am gratitirg, | able to inform you that the Indians have not beets | the Sabire river in this viciuity, sires Oapt. Oal’pe expedition to Mexico in purevit of ‘the Lipans, Th peciticn had the dexired effect, of striving terra them, and checking their frequent pilleging inov\( upon thia freniter. y We learn from a letter from Houston to the An'y( News, what the first locomotive upon the Galv’ Hourien on6 Red River Ratirond, was put in mowy the 43d ult. The writer says >About 4 o'clock #y umidat the hozear and cheers of an enthuslastic tude agvetnbled to witness tha starting of the one be was broveht forth from hia temporary restos and paced cn the rond, reemingly in fine travelilog, Aber exhibiting scme signs of restiveness, be “enaily upon bis Western jomney—the frst of his A! that ever le(t the Juneden of White Oak and 4 Eeyou. Guite « lage nomber of our citizens” ¢ themrelyes of the privilege of taking the first ride yyy loecmotive, which echtinned to make sbort excey back and forth the dlatence of hatfa mile, during ternorn, much to the graiideation of a'l present.