The New York Herald Newspaper, February 2, 1856, Page 4

4 NEW YCRK HERALD. JaMES GoROON BENSET?, “MOPAIRTOR AND EDITOR. VER %., W. CORNER OF NASSAU AND FULTON Ors. FRE DAILY HERALD, Scents por copy, 8Tr 7 anova THE WREKLY HERALD, evry ras OX conte por Senos Bret Brin, or Bt ay pte he Continent, both uNTaky CORRESPONDENCE, contaning import, soe vou! AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING, BROADWAY THEALRE, Brostway—Lior or Lroxs— na ov kee. #LBLO’S GARDEN. Broadway—La Ferre Cuamraras— dean o7 Nyurme—Kin Ka. @OWERY THEATRE, Bowery—Haaxe tan Hosen, on wus Demon Honseman, NS THEATRE, Chambers sireet—Livon woen Yoo Can Oven akERS ‘Bat—Tus Nioat Warcamay, @WalaCK’S THEATRE, Broadwav—Vuics Docros— AWKWARD ARRIVAL -NaBon voR am Hove. AURA XEENE’S VARINTIRS, Brosdway—Siran 1% ‘Panis —Mwse, . @O0v's MINETREL’R 444 Broadway—Ermorun Pra- ‘teas scx9— Goon rom Notuine. SUCKLET'S SES Coens HOUSE, 639 Broad- sy Nexo Muveremary ~ Np tHe Beast. A0aD2MY HALL, 663 Broadway -Psxonamd Process ww Omne anv JaPax, @ew York, Saturday, february 2, 1856, Malis for curope. SEW YORE BERALD—EDITION FOR BUROFE. The Collins mail s:eamship Baltic, Capt. Comstock, will heave this port to-day, at noon, for Liverpool. Me Eurcpean wails will close in this city at half-past em o’ckeb this morning. Tho ensxp (printed in English and French) will be pad ished at nine o’clock in the morning. Single copies, ‘tm wrappere, sixpence. Sabecriptions and advertisements for any edition of the New Youu Henury will be received at the following places in Europe:— Lonson— Am. & ¥ ae eae ae Livmnroor— do. do, 7 Bamford street. Ievmmrooi—John Hunter, 12 Exchange street, Fast. he eonterta of the Buropean edition of the Hers ‘will embrace the news received by mail and telegraph at Whe office during the previous week, and to the hour ef peddeatica. The News. The proceedings of the House of Representatives yesterday justify the opinion that the straggle for the Speakership is rapidly drawing toa close. The plurality role was again offered and again rejected. The vote stood 108 for to 110 against. A motion declaring Mr. Banks Speaker was promptly nega- tived—102 against 115. The black republican can- didate is therefore not only dead, but laid out. Mr. Aiken, of South Carolina, was then proposed, and he reeeived 103 votes against 110. The plurality rale will be renewed to-day, andas the bulk of the Americans seem favorably disposed towards Mr. Aiken, it is highly probable they will unite with the democrats and elect him. Such, at least, was the general impression last evening. Bot new combina- tions may be formed that will still prolong the con: dest. In the State Senate yesterday Mr. Sickles offered @ resolution, which was adopted, that a committee of three be appointed to visit the poorhouses and jails of the State, to sit during the recess, and have power to send for persons and papers. The Assem- bly was engaged in the discussing the report of the Committee on Rules. We give in another colomn the names of the dele- gates, as far as we have been able to collect them, © the democratic and Know Nothing national con- ventions for the nomination of candidates for Presi- dent and Vice President. The former convention is to be held at Cincinnati on the 2d of June next, and the latter will convene in Philadelphia on the 22d instant; but it is doubtfal whether the Kuow Nothings will consummate their nominations on that day, as there appears to be a strong desire on the part of a majority of the leading men in the party to postpone the choice of candidates until some time after the Ist of May. As it will be a somewhat diffi- cult task to make our lists of candidates to the vari- ous national conventions complete, we desire that our friends in different sections of the country should fumish us with the names of those who have been appointed in the localities where they reside. The Secretary of the Navy yesterday despatched the steamer Fulton in search of the missing bark Amelia, which was seized at Port au Prince, by the American Consul, on suspicion of being engaged in a tilibustering expedition, and ordered to this port, under the command of Leutenants Worden, Maxwell and Esben, of the Saratoga sloop-of-war. It is now about three months since the Amelia sailed from Port au Prince, and it is feared that she was lost in the terrific gale of the 5th of January. Coroner Redding, of Brooklyn, yesterday com- menced an investigation into the circumstances whereby a man named Michael McLaughlin was killed during ajfracas at the Barker Honse, on Thurs- day night. We give elsewhere a full report of the testimony. As yet no one is implicated in the ho- micide. . The steamship Union, frofn Havre for this port, pat into Halifax yesterday evening for a supply of coal. She does not bring any news. The cotton market was excited yesterday, after the receipt of the foreign news, and the sales reach- ed about 3,000 bales, part of which was in transitu. The prices closed at an advance of about fc. per lb. Flour was depressed, and the market un- settled. A lot of extra State was sold at $8, while common was reported at $7 75, which would indicate a falling off of about 25c. per bbl. Wheat was quiet, and quotations nominal. Corn was heavy. Prime white Southern was held at %c., without buyers. New Orleans mixed sold at S6c. Pork was active, with sales of mess at #16 25, and of prime at $14, Sugar was jc.a jc. better. The stock was qnite light. Coffee was steady. An account of stock on the 1st inst., will be found in another column, Freights were unchanged, while engagements were moderate. Mr. Marcy’s Inerreetrions ro Me. Wager r— Ispemnity 70 BE Demanpen or Nicaraova— We publish this morning, a letter of instruc. tions from Mr. Marey to Mr. Wheeler, the United States Charge d’ Affaires to Nicaragua, in regard to the course which he is to pursue towards the government of that State. It is dated Novem- ber 8, 1855, and is to form, we understand, one of the many numerous documents that will be produced on the trial of George B. Hall and others charged with being engaged in an armed expedition against Nicaragua. The Secretary of State commences by expressing his regret at what he calls “the miserable condi- tion” of that country, and the perplexing duties that in consequence thereof devolve upon our government. He then announces our policy of neutrality as concerns the affairs of other nations, but adds that we havo certain dutics to perform towards our citizens who may be resident within or paseing through the territo. ries of Nicaragua. Now, on this subject wo wgree with Mr. Marcy, and only wonder that, uppearing to know his duty so well jp thie respect, he did not falfil it at the progigR time. On the &th of November he said the recent murders amd outrages committed upon our citizens there must be atoned for by the autho- rities, but with a characteristic disregard and neglect of the duty incumbent upon him, in- stead of promptly demanding that atonement jn justice to the relatives of the murdered, he NEW YORK HERALD, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 1856. leaves it for settlement in the uncertain future. “When Nicaregua has s responsible govern- ment” he informs Mr. Wheeler “a duc mea- sure of satisfaction will be demanied.” Yet, when writing this letter, he koew that a government existed in Nicaragua, and although we called upon him at the time to take imme- diate steps towards securing indemnity for the sufferers and the punisbment of the offenders, up to this time nothing has been, nor ia it likely that anything will be done while Mr. Marcy occupies his present position. There are, orrather were, two parties in Ni- caragua—the aristocratic and the democratic— between which a desperate and bloody conflict Was waged for the ascendency. In that con- flict the aristocratic party, which had previous- ly held the reins of government, were over- thrown and « new order of things was estab- lished by the victors. During the struggle se- vera] of our citizens were murdered by the aristocratic party while passing throust Nica- rague, one instance of which ie doubticss still fresh in the minds of -ur readers, It was that ofa woman waio, with her child, was killed in the cabin of an American steamer on the lake, by some of the troops of tke aristocratic party. We invited the particular consideration of our. government to this case, and demanded that instant reparation should be made by the go- vernment of Nicaragua for that and other out- Tages committed upon our people. There is now an established government in Nicaragua--a government of laws, recognized by the people, performing all the functions that belong to a thoroughly constituted and or- ganized government; the defeated party have Jong since submitted to its authority, peace has been restored, and commerce and trade, if not in a flourishing condition, are carried on in perfect security uzder governmental pro- What more does Mr. Marcy require? tection. If Nicaragua is, to use his own language, in a “miserable condition,” can he point to a period in its history when it was better than it is now, or when its governwent had more the appear- ance of stability and strength? When, in his opinion, will the time arrive for the punish- ment of the offenders and the indemnification of the sufferers? Mr. Marcy, Mr. Marcy, don’t show your patched breeches in every thing you do. The News from Europe—The Czar’s Accept. ance of the New Basis or Negotiations— Wili there be Peace A good deal of excitement has been cre- ated here by the announcement brought by the Arabia that Russia has consented to negotiate on the basis of the propositions submitted to the Cabinet of St. Petersburg through Count Esterhazy. It will be useful to recall to the recollection of our readers what these proposi- tions were :— I—DANUBIAN PRINCIPALITIRS. Complete abolition of the Russian protectorate. The Danuvian Piinciparities shail receive an organization con- yrs to their oe to their wants, i Durant ac new orgavization, respect which t! 10) = on itself will be convulved, avail, be recognized by the contracting Powers, and sanctioned by the Sultan as ema- nating from his sovereign initiative. No State shall be able, under any pretext whatever, under any form of pro- tectorate, to interfere in the question of the internal ad- ministration of the Principalities; they shall adopt a de. finitive permanent system, cemanded by their geographi- cal position, and no impediment can be made to thelr for- tifying, in the interest of their safety, in such manner ss they may deom advisable, their territory against foreign ension. exchange for the strong places and territories occn- Het ey the allied armies, Reade sonsents to a rectifica- tion of her frontier with Turkey in Europe. It would com* mence in the vicinity of Chotym, follow the line of the mountains, which éxtend in a sontheastorly direction, and terminate at iake Sasik. The lino (trace) shall be defintiely regniated by the general treaty, and the con- ceded territery would return to the Principalities and to the suzerainty of the Porte. T—DANTHR. The freedom cf the Danube and of its mouths shall be ¢ficaciously assured by European institutions, in witich the contractiog Powers shali be equally represented, ex- cept the particular positions of the lords of the soil on the banks, (ds rireraing,) which shall be regulated upon the principles established by the act of the Congress of Vienza as regards the navigation of rivers, contracting Powers shall have the right to two small vessels stationed at the mouths of the river, destined to assure the execution of the regulations rela- tive to the freedora of the Danube. II. —-NEUTRAUIZATION OF THE BLACK SHA, This sea shall be open to merchant yesrels—closed to war pavies, (marines militaires.) Consequently. no naval military arsenals shail be created or maiaia ned there. The protection cf the commercial ani maritime interests of all nations shall be assnred in the respe the Black Sea, by the establishment of instit formable to international law, aud to the c ms tioned in such roatters. The two Powers whish hold the coast engove themselves to waintain only the number of light vessels of a fixed forse, necessary for their const =~ vice, This convention, concluded separately between these two Powers, shall form part as an annex of . .2 general treaty aftor receiving the approval of tha cun- tracting parties, This separate convention cannot he nulled or mocified without the consent of the signitari*: of the general treaty. The closing of the Straits wul admit the excestion Spptienvie to the stationary vessels mentioned in the precedirg art'cle. 1V.—CHRISTIAN SURIPCTS OF THE PORTE. The immunities of the Rayah subjects of the Por» shall be religiously Preserved, without infringement on the independence and dignity of the Sultan's ccown. As deliberations are taxing place between A ry Great Britain, and the Sublime Porte to Christian su the Sultan their religious and po- litical rights, ia shall be invited, when peace @s made, to associate horseif thereto. v. The belligerent Powers reserve to themselves the right which appertains to them of producing in « Haropean mpecial concitions over and above the four guar- antees. In Augnst, 1854, it will be remembered the following programme of conditions was sub- mitted to Russia through the Austrian ambas- sador asa basis on which peace negotiations might be opened :— In order more exactly to define the sense which their vermmenta attach to each of the principles contained in the fonr articles, but reserving to themselves, as they have alweys done, tke richt of making such ether special conditions as may, in tion to the four goarantees, be by them deemed recessary for the general interest ot Europe, and tor preventing the recurrence of the present complications, tae representatives of Austria, France, and Great Britsin do declare— 1. Their governments, being of accord that it is neoss- sary to abolish tho exciusive protectorate exercised by Russia over Moldavia, Wallachia and Servia, and in fu- ture to place under the coliretive guarantec of the five Powers the privileges secured by the Sultans (o those pro- ‘yinoes, as dependencies of their empire, ha end do agree that none of the former treatics and the Porte, bearing reference to the ean be in force when peace is concluded, arrangements to be mede in respect to them shall uiti matey be such as to be im foll and entire accordance with the rights of the cuzerain Power, with those of the three Prineipaiiues, and with the genera) interests of Europe. 2. In order to give to the free navigation of the Danube ali the Cevolopement of which it is capable, 1t would ‘9 proper (omvenadic) that the Lower Danube, beginning from the point ay which it becomes common’ to the two States bordering on tt, should no longer be subjected to the territorial juristiction which exists in virtue of the third article of ‘tue Treaty of Adrianople. At all events, the free navigation of the Damnbe would not be set anloss tt ehould be placed under the control of s ‘ syndi- eal” authori'y invested with the necessary powers for dentroytag the obstacles now existing at the moutas of the iver, Or such a4 may subsequently be form , &..’ The objeet of the revision ct’ the treity of July 19 1641, should be more completely to attach the existonse of the Ottoruan Empire to the European balance of po wor, tnd to put on end to the preponderance of Rassia in the Biack Sea. The arrangements to be made in this matter raed bem poop ge ad es of the war for their ‘bases ® at present, 8 sal ve ine Tad ne rine fficient to have im . Russia, by renouncing the protension to oxereise aan officlal protectorate over the ChHlsiian sabjecte nt ae Sultan who belong to the Oriental church, s « ts ‘ter of course renounces the “ revivifies 1,” A any of the conditions of former treaties, and particularly of the treaty of Koustobouk Kainardjey the crroneous interpre: tation of which has been {he principal cuuse of the pre. sent war. While Assist other to obtaia from the pi oa ——— its own free will, the confir- and obyprvanco Teligious privileges of different Chri communities, without ‘intinetion se sect, and while mutually taking ad ia th of the nad comm ie gers nme oan fosted respecting thera ‘by hie Majesty the Sultan, they Nqnity of hs Uighnees at the inteponderee ce h' hi e iT Geen Wane ighne lopendence of his Tt was not until the 8th of January, 1 55, that 0 definite answer was given to these pro- position by Nicholas. This long hesitation is accounted for by the expectation entertained by Russia that Austria might be detached from the alliance, That hope was, to a certain de- gree; dispelled by the tripartite treaty signed between Austria and the Western Powers on the 2d December, 1854, and which was intended to, as it in fact did, accclerate the opening of Begetiations. The announcement that the Czar had consented to treat was received In London with jast the same evidences of confidence that the recent reply of Alexander has evoked. The funde went up two per cent, and the credality of the English public was almost pushed to the extreme of believing that peace was actually un fait accompli. Owing to the overthrow of the Aberdeen Cabinet and the death of Nicho- las, the Vienna conferences were not, how- ever, opened until the 15th of March following. A strong effort was made by the Russian repre- eent@ives to substitute for the first clause of the aide memoire of the Allies the following in- terpretation :-— 1, Abolition of the exclusive protectorate of Russia in MolMavia and W: the privileges recoguized 1 these provinces by the tan placed under the guarantees of the five Powers, This excited considerable discussion, and it modification. ing substitute was submitted by them:— 2, Free mat enna, in the article on there. lide-Memoire to obtain even a patient conside- ration, and being promptly rejected by the English and French representatives, the origi- nal text was adhered to. On the 26th the third point was brought un- der discussion, and on this the conference naturally broke up, the Russian representatives being unable to agree to the allied interpreta tion of it. We subjoin the modifications of the tach more ecmpletely the existence of tho Empire to the balance of Europe. end to what they call the Black Sea, on condition that, in the choice of those means, sovereignty of my august master on his own terrilory. 4. A collective guarantee of the five Powers (substi- tuted for tke exclusive patronage posessed bitherto by some of them) for the consecration ané observance of the religious privileges of the different Christian communi- ties, witbout distinction of form of worship, on condition thal tae realization of the solemn promises made ia the face of the world, by the great Christian Po vers, shall be a serious aud conscientious work, and that the protection premised shall be efficacious, and not a vain word. On the 8th of April the ninth sesvion of the conference took place, and an adjournment sine die was voted. In June there was a quasi resumption of it, but it led to nothing, and all hopes of peace from this source vanished. Again, after an interval of seven months, signalized by no events which can be said to have materially altered ithe positions and for- tunes of the belligerents, we are told that Alexander has consented to treat on the basis of the new propositions submitted by Austria, Looking at the humiliating character of the terms therein laid down, this announcement would excite in us s feeling of surprise were it not for the facts detailed in the history of the previous negotiations. The only wonder is that the news should have created fucn @ feeling of contidence in the English, and, indeed, in our own money warkets, which have both been unreasonably stimulated by it. Had peace been actually concluded we question if a greater reaction would have occurred than that which took place on the London Stock Exchange on re- ceipt of the news. A rise of three and a quarter percent in consols, a proportionate rise in cotton, and a decline in hreadstuffs, are all in- digations of the intensely sanguine feeling which pervades the public mind in England on the subject. Now, unwilling as we are to damp expecta- tions in which such weighty interests are in- volved, we must own that we are far from sharing in the hopes which this announcement hasexcited. In the first place, Alexander is not in a position which would justify his ac- ceptance of the new conditions sought to be imposed upon him, The financial resource: ef his empire are still unimpaired, and his mili- litary strength has suffered no material diminution. His arms have, on the con- trary, reaped a rich harvest of glory in the contest thus far. To strike at such a moment, and to abase the na- tional honor in the eyes of the world, by lick- ing the dust at the feet of his encmies, would raise against him the indignation of his own people, and probably cost him his throne. Again, it by no means follows that because he has consented to treat on the basis of th xe conditions, he means to accept them in their present sense. We have shown in the case of the previous negotiations what a wide con- straction is given by diplomatists to an act of formal adhesion to a document like this, We have not the slightest collateral grounds for eupporing that the Emperor of Russia regard: them in any more definite light. No sove- reign would be foo] enough to roject the pre- liminaries of a negotiation having for its ob- ject the putting an end to bloodshed. Ie would be placing himself in the wrong before the world by doing so, and Alexander is too well advised by the veteran diplomatists by whom he is surrounded to commit such an in- discretion. The conduct of Ausiria in this new attempt ct pacification does not impart to it any greater seriousness, She tells the Russian Cobinet that if by the 15th of January it does not accept the ultimatum she will withdraw the Austrian legation from St. Petersburg, and seek to obtain the armed co-operation of the German Powers against Russia. The throat would be an alarming one if used by any other Power. With Austria, however, it moans or 1 diplomatic finesse. Coupled with the intima: tion which she has given to the Western Pow- ers, that ehe will not be ina position to com. mence hostilities this year, it may be regarded as a mere brutum fulmen. She will carry it out in the same manner in which she has executed the stipulations of the treaty of the 2d Decem. her, by carefully keeping aloof from the strug- gle, and at the same time secretly eubserving the cause of her old ally. Her objeot is simply to gain time, and time to Russia is worth le. gions of men. If on a dispassionate review of these facta, our readers arrive at the conclusion that peace on the basis offered is probable, we can only say that we admire the extent of their faith. We gan only apgount for it, however, on the was not until the 17th that the members of the conference conld come to'nh agreement. The Russian envoys abandored their amendment, and the original clause was adopted without On the 25th of March the second point was disposed of. This also was warmly combatted by M. Titoff and his colleague, and the follow- wigation of the Danube, according to the principles established by the acts ot the Congress of Vi- te javial communications. Control of a mixed commisrion, which would de invested with the necessary powers to destrey the obstacles existing a: ita mouths, or which might at later period be formed This interpretation was too ingeniousa gene- ralization of the issues met by the terms of the third and fourth pointe submitted by Russia:— 8, Revision of the treaty of the 13th July, 1841, to at- Ottoman 1 do not refuse to come to an understanding in formal conferences for peace, on the means which the three courts may propore, toput an reponderance of Russia in the there be nol one of a nature to infringe upon the rights of ples put forth by the Irishman for his religious credulity—that no one wasever lost by believ- ing too much. The Preaidentig! Question—Parties and Can- Aldates—Views of the Newspaper Press. Our columns are garnished to-day with ano- ther interesting pot pourri trom our n°*8P3- per exchanges, upon the Presidential question. We commend it to the attention of our readers of all parties who desire to be thoroughly posted up with the party movements of the day and the signs of the times around the po- litical horizon. This chapter is limited to the discussion of the claims of the leading candidates of the democratic and national American parties- ine biack republican organization awaitir’ mean. time, the stirring of the waters i”, their behalt at their general preliminary "yasiness conven- tion, which is to meet at “vittsburg (mark the desecration) on the “snniversary of the birth of the illustrious ¥ ashington. First, it wiD. be seen that, according to the Philadelpb’. Pennsylvanian, the old Keystone State 2emocracy are as nearly unanimons as cab ’be in favor of Mr. Buchanan as the Cincia- vali national democratic nominee, first and last. This fact places that distinguished states- man ina very formidable position; for it is generally conceded that in order to enter canvass with any- thing like a reasonable show of success, the democratic party must have the assurance to start upon of the vote of at least one of the three great States of New York, Ohio, or Pennsylvania. It is manifest, from the results of the last fall election in Ohio, that she must be counted out—nor is the prospect of a satis- factory fusion of the New York democracy by any means flattering, judging from present ap- pearances. Unquestionably there can be no fusion of bards and softs in New York upon into the Presidential Gen. Cass, or Judge Douglas, or Daniel S. Dick- inson, or Marcy, or Cushing, or Jeff. Davis, or General Franklin Pierce. It would be about as easy to bring the Van Burenites to the sup- port of Cass, Douglas, or Dickinson, as to bring the hards to a surrender to Mr. Pierce, or any candidate from his Cabinet. But, on the other hand, while the nomination of Mr. Bu- chanan would give a very fair assurance of the vote of Pennsylvania, his name would probably be as available as any other as the basis of a reunion of the adherents of Van Buren, Pierce and Marcy, and the unflinching constitutional friends of Daniel 8, Dickinson. The position of Mr. Buchanan, too, in 1856, on the negro question, though eminently sound and conservative, isin one important particu- lar like that of Gen. Pierce in 1852—he is not committed to the extremists on either side. In 1852 Captain Scott, of Virginia, addressed a letter to some fourteen aspirants for the democratic nomination, asking an answer from them respectively to each of several specific questions upon slavery. They all replied except General Franklin Pierce, and they all took the extreme Southern democratic shoot. General Pierce, more adroitly, kept perfectly dark, and thus left an opening in the North which made him available, in the last extremity, North and South. The letter of Captain Scott was as fatal to all the rest as the rifle of his western name- sake was of old to the coons and wildcats of Kentucky. In this instance, Pierce, Marcy, Cushing, Davis, Douglas, Cass and Bright, have the bur- Gem Ul CHC INCDTASKS DILL tgetwct them amuny the free soilish Northern democracy. This branch of the pariy may endorse the bill; they may support a candidate who endorses the bili as heartily as Douglas would endorse it; but a toan who in any way participated in the pas- sage of that bill would hardly be the man for the Northern democracy against the black re publicans. The party would be relieved of this burden in the nomination of Mr. Buchanan, while he would answer os well as anybody else as the democratic standard bearer of the great doctrine of “squatter sovereignty.” Thus much for the position of Mr. Buchanan. From present indications he has the inside track for the Cincinnati nomination. It is worthy of notice, however, that of late President Pierce has been brushing up pretty smartly. The democratic Cincinnati delega- tions from Massachusetts and Vermont, (the only two hopelessly anti-democratic Siates of the North,) are, we believe, for Mr. Pierce. South Carolina and Alabama have also, since bis late annual message, declared in ' favor. Possibly one or two more Southern States may take the same course, upon the strength of his Kansas message, which is a strong bid for their support. But we appre- hend thaj when the Suchems of the party shall come to put their heads together in ge- neral council, they will discover that, although Mr. Pierce, like Captain Tyler, may have done “as wells could be expected under the cir- cumstances,” he is for all practical purposes “a dead cock in the pit.” Re-nominate hi. { and unless there should be a tremendons ¢ J mocratic reaction in Massachusetts we cannot seriously promise him a solitary Northern State. We fear, too, that the feeblencss of Mr. Pierce in the North would paralyze the party in the South; and that between black republicans and “South Americans” he would be limited in the slaveholding States to the in- sufficient vote of South Carolina, It is proba- ble, however, that South Carolina will not be represented at Cincinnati,and thus Mr. Pierce may lose her influence, even in the conventic § See the article from the Charleston Mercury, which proves that these national conventions are but little better than gatherings of thim- ble-riggers for the express purpose of swindling the South. And so we cannot promise the national Know Nothings, nor the Seward anti-slavery party, any such good luck as the democratic renomination of Mr. Pierce. The best that hecan expect at Cincinnati is that the con- vention, like our late soft shell Nebraska convention at Syracuse, will give him a pass- ing compliment and drop him. Mr, John Cochrane knows exactly how far to “carry him in bis arms.” Secondly, the articles which we give in our present compilation upon “Live Oak George Law,” show that heis making steady headway in the affections of the Ameri- can perty, and is stirring up quite an excite- ment among the outside politicians. The New York Know Nothing delegation to Philadel- phia will make a strong effort in his behalf; but how far and to what extent it will be neu- tralized by the Southern movement in favor of Mr. Fillmore, remains to be seen. Between these two men the great question is—shall the national whigs be definitely fused into the new American organization reorganized, or shall the Know Nothings sell out to the crippled politicians of the old whig party? We leave this and other ivsucs which the Order will bo called upon to settle, to their approaching Phi- Jadelphia Council. For the present, on? read- ers will derive coasiderable instrartion from our extracts concerning “Live “jak George,” They are enough to progy that the “ Live Hoax” movement is going to be rather se- rious affair After the eve’ on of a Speaker at Washing- setting in of a general thaw, we ton, and the _ our readers another and still more in- half century to come. Education in New York. 100,000 are educated at private schools, aca. demiee and colleges. proportion will be still more creditable. ment in this respect. be, parents. We are sorry to see that, owing to some mis- management of the funds, the number of volumes in the district libraries decreases year by year, notwithstanding the annual vote of $55,000 to keep them up. It is to be hoped that Mr. Rice will sift this matter thoroughly, and let usknow the cause of the diminution, and the way to remedy it. Fifty thousand dollars moré or less are no object to the State of New York, if more money is required to secure free reading to our youth. Books are the best teachers in the world.. Give the boys and girls plenty of good books~—as many as they can read—if they tear them, buy more; do not grudge the dollars—and the State will find that its money has been weil laid out. How many great and good men have traced their rise in life to reading some good book thrown carelessly in their way! . The Superintendent draws public attention again to the necessity of compelling the col- leges and pigher institutions of learning to co-operate with the common schools in edu- cating the people, by throwing open scholar- ships to be the prizes of competition at the latter. No one but the most hardened and ex- clusive professor will controvert the opinion. All institutions deriving aid from the State ought to give full value for that aid by afford- ing gratuitous education to a given number of pupils, to be chosen by the school officers of the State. It is the more surprising this has not been done already, as it has long been an established custom in France, Germany, and even at the exclusive universities of England. When the link between the common school and the first class academy shall have been soldered, it will be time to think of- some- thing above the latter. It will then be time to see what we are to do with Columbia College, and those other “seats of learning” which have made themselves so famous tor turning out fast young men, first rate whips, and crack players of billiards, but possessing no relics of their Alma Mater, in the shape of accomplishments, but these. We shall then have to decide whether it is or is not our destiny as a people, to spend our life in adding up and multiplying, in build- ing, in running railroads and steamers, in piling dollar on dollar, and in doing nothing else; or whether we, like older nations, are destined not to trust to the desultory efforts of individu- al students for our reputation in the higher arts and sciences, but to win for our country a great name in letters, in languages, in philoso- phy, in the various branches of natural econo- wy, by gathering together under one roof and round one table the leading students of the country, and bidding them study on, and on, for glory and truth only, regardless of sordid hope of gain or need, under the friendly shelter and in the peaceful academic shade which an intelligent people have provided for them, This momentous question, said Mr. George Sumner in hia late lecture on education, it would be infinitely well for the people of this city to determine at an early period. This New York of ours is already the centre of trade, the focus of enterprise, the goal of striving men, the nation’s bank. Let us make it also the seat of learning and study. A very little money, a very little effort will do what is wanted. fi Aroomy building, in some quiet up town place, with a little land around it, and a fow elms planted in rows; a college there, with a dozen professors or so—men of fine attain- ments aad love for learning ; no rushing or straining for students, but accommodations for a large number at bigh rates of tultion; half as many scholarships and bursaries as there are paying students; ® quarter as many fellows, chosen from their eminence in science and learning, and furnished with lodgings and a stipend of say $1,200 a year each, in order to enable them to live easily and devote their, whole time to study—surcly here is no Utopia to be in search of; and yet what might not euch an institution do? When people reflect that afters young man in this country has gone through college—which is about equal to going through the French col/éges or schools, the German schools or Eton or Westminster— he can learn no more here; and that, however be may love the humanities, or chemistry, or geology, or metaphysics, or astronomy, or any other ecience, and however well fitted he may be to advance them wheu his mind shall be cting instalment of plots and counterplois, “and movements and speculations, in reference to the grand campaign of next November—a campaign which, for good or evil, is to shape the destinies of this great Union and the po- Mey of our government for, perhaps, the next From the report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, it appears that the propor- tion of children studying at schools and edu- cational institutions in this State is larger than in any other State of the Union, and pro- bably any other country in the world. Assum- ing the population of New York to be nearly 3,500,000—a large estimate--the proportion of children receiving education is as 1 in 3.5, or 2in 7. The public schools give gratuitous instruction to over 900,000 pupils, and about We had occasion lately to give the statistics of Massachusetts and some other States, where the children at schools are to the whole population as 1 to 4, in the States where education thrives the most suc- cessfally. One to four was also the proportion recorded in this State by the last census. Now it is 1 to 3.5, and the increase of scholars dur- ing the year is larger than the increase of chil- dren-~suggesting the hope that ere long the There is very little margin left for improve- The total number of children in this State between the ages of four and twenty-one, is returned at 1,224,127; of these one million go to school; leaving less than a quarter of a million for those who have left school, those who are ill, and those who are too young to learn. There may, however, be some improvement in the attendance of scholars, which is not so punctual as it should This isa matter for the consideration of matured, and hin whole thoughts devoted to them, he is obliged to abandon them, and take fo trade or idleneee, or leave his country and live, gbroad—-eurely it will seem worth the while of our Jeadivg men and our wealthy men to see whether something cannot be done to- wards supplying 80 very lamentable a defi- ciency, and Jaying the foundation of a univer- sity that will do credit to New York. Tae Sovrnern Optvtox or BravERY.—We publish to-day, in full, the lecture delivered. by the Hon. Robert Toombs, of Georgia, on ttie subject of negro siavery, in Boston, last week. We have previously given a telegraphic ab- stract of the Hop. Senator’s remarks, but im order that the Southern view of the subject. may be fully understood, we publish it in ex~ tenso, and we hope everybody will read it. Persorai Intelligence. Col. Parker H. French Mivister from Nicaragus, left town for Wasbiogton, yesterdsy. He intends to present his credentials to the State Department inform. Brigas dier General Hornuby, of the Nicaraguan army, also left town for Washington, yesterday. E.G. W. Butler Jr., kq., of Louisiana, son of Col, Butler, U.8.A., bas beep appointed Secretary of Legas tion at Berlin, aud will sail to-day in the Baltic, te joiz the U. 8. Embasny ar the Prussian capital, Mr. Butleg is a gentieman of fine accomplishments and excelient ace quirements, and will do honor to the post he has ace cepted. The Hon. George Mifflin Dallas will be in Washington next week, to receive his iastructions as Minister of the United States to England. On the 0th ult. the Right Rey. Manton Enstburn, D, D., Bishop cf the Episcopa: diocess of Massachuusetta, wad united in the boly bouds of matrimeny to J., daughe ter of George E. Head, Fq., of Boston, ceremony was performed by Rev. John Cotton Smith, as- sistant minister of Trinity church, Boston. ARRIVALS. At the Smithrorian House—Rev. C. 8, Ste W. Bei . % . Buffalo ton. Minor Major tng! Washiogiog) 1 Vanderburgh, Rhine: ai trey, Blamiord; Capie * B. Ferris, ptai i. oint; BR. Catlin, Wiecouain; Lr. Hur, and femily, U. 8. 8. sy Arabia, at Hallfax.—Mise ‘ton, Turner, Brown, ‘lima, Ward: Lombard, Mert, Gibb, Torrance, U. 5 NW. j Fel- From Liverpool, in steamsbi Gibbe, X 5 oe. ye Sortanes, Me-sre B hens, Meade, Belion, Dixon, Roverts, ‘Caren, Dinning, Bartwright, Scott, Sohne der 'Prolp ual, Lake,’ Johnson; Moore, Hamer, Vale, Ledergerber, Babe, Ferry, Spencer Brackett, iavior, Wilson, Mrs. Summers, BEE cites Melty ote Renae peng 2 ny and som, Dr. , dan, Miss Gamble, ltrs. Gamble, Mrs, Ulark, Dr Clack, Nicaragua. INSTRUCTIONS OF MR. MARCY TO MB. WHEELER. ‘We understand that on the trial of Geo. B. Hall and others the following despatch, as well as numer.73 other papers, will be read:— MR. MARCY TO MR. WHEELER. DEPARTMENT OF SrA! \ Wasnincton, Nov. 8, 1855. f Sin—I have received and Inid before the President your Seratehes numbered 26 and 26, together with their ei. closuren, The miserable conuition of Nicaragua is much regret- ted, and devolves upon this government au- ties. While aobering to our settled policy ot leaving ta every nation the wavagement of its own {aternal affairs, we have impertant duties to perform in to our citizens who mey te revident within or through its territories. The recent ‘mordera and. outrages com- mitted upon them in the S:ate of Nicaragua must be stoned for by the authorities of that country. The . petrators of these crims must be punished, the suffer. ors indemnified, and the ‘amiies of the mur be pro- vided for. Whenever that country has a responsible coeensent, @ due measure of satisfaction will be de- ma ee ihe presen toque of oe there, it is difficult jecide woo e responsible government, on which the demand for satisfaction can be made. " It appears that a band of foreign adventurers has ine vaded that unhappy country, which, after Te- cruits from among the residenta, has, by violence, over- turned the previ usily existing government, and now pretend to be in posession of s.vereign authority. The bnowledge we have of their pri authorize the Prerivent 10 recognize it aa the de facia: government cf Nicaragua, and he cannot hold, or permit you to hold, in your official character, any political in- tercourse with the persons now claiming to exercise the sovereign authority of that State. It appears to be na more than a violent usurpation of power brought about. by an reid pe self-organize@ military force, as yet un- fqpdeiy by the will or acquiescence of the people of Tagua. It has more the appearance of a successful marauding expedition than a change of government or rulers. ania the mace ef tho pooplo uf Nivaragusa be unwilling or unable to repel this inroad, or shake of this usurpation, and ultimately surmit to ite rule, then it may become de facto a government, and responsible for the outrages which have been committed wes the rights and persons of American ci.izens. Them this government will demand and exact ample indemnity and satisfaction trom it. The President instructs you to abstain from any oficial intercourse with the persons now exercising a tempora: control over some parts of Nicarsgua. 4 such a dubi- ous state of affairs ycu cannot be expected to act in your official character until you receive instructions from your government, but you will be entitied to all the immuni- ‘thes cf a Minister, if you do not act to torteit them. You will remain in the ccuntry, and keep your govern- ment well advised of the actual condition of affairs there- in, You will observe great circums in duc‘, You cannot retain a right Minister if you intermeddle with the the parties. The difficulties you have tered arose, 9a it appears, from an apprehension that you bad improperly interfered in the conflict between the con- tending parties. Though the President has no doubt that you acted from the purost motives, int only to sub- serve the cause of humanity, yet your course was asid@ oe m that which your duty as the neoreneniacire of @ fo- reign government upon you. exposed you to the , by one party, of interfering in the concerns of the cther, and on this ground an attempt will be made to justity the reetreint put upon ‘is mater the President take such a couree asin dictated by a regard to your tights as a public turctionary of this government. Orders have been issued for some of our public ships to visit the 4'lantic avd Pacific coasts of Nicaragua. ‘wil have instructions to look to and protect ‘the | persons our con- and property of our citizens; but there should be no mis- apprehensions as to the extent to which have right: to interfere. of such ships have no toveperate on land, and in payer be ted part in the conflicts of the conten¢ parties within limits of the country. They should protect our merchant vessels from seizure and pi , and afford an who wish to escape trom scenes sf totcn sana b Me of violence and bloodshed, fecure a depository for their property. Should the officers of the national armed ships sent to the coasts of Nicaregus confer with you as to acta areal inthe advice you give Taste May oc oe Cae re vice you give them. of be commited without. the futhortty: of Congrosa, He. pelling threatened outrage upon our citizens, or shielding their property from urjust oeacra or provecti their persons, are not acts of war. They are exertions of power not inconsistent with the relations of peace. am, sir, respectfully your obedient servant, W. I, MARCY, City Intelligence. HOUSE HUNTING— PANIC AMONG THE KEEPERS OF TENANT HOUSES. It is customary {n this sity, on the 1st of February, for tenants to give notice to their landlords of their inten- tion either to remove from or remain in their present Premises on the lst of May, and no doubt thousands of such notices were given yesterday, and for the following three months all femaledcm will be in « distracted state of mind, running from house to house in search of that metropolitan ignis fatwus, a residence that is unexcep- tionable in every respect. There is one class of houses that have fallen very much in value during the present year~and those are the large tenant housea—holding. from thirty to one hundred families, It is noticed inthe Fourth, Fifth, Eleventh, Thirteenth and Seventeenth wards that many o! these houses are not more than halt filled, and there 4s every reason to belicve that rents will fall twenty-five per cent. There are many reasons for ‘his Cepreciation. One is, the dislike le have tor byoten | together in large numbers; and as soon as the lead of a tarily saves e money to remove to bet- ler apartments he dees so, And then tenant houses oon become out of repair, end, unless great care is ex- ercised, become foul and un h, are reduced in value thereby. This description of property has been in great favor with a certain class of capitalists, on a- eount of the enormous rentals it ylelde, and this reaction ill no doubt soon place {t om 4 par with other property... The burden of rent heretofore fatlon altogether too heavily onthe very poor. From unquestioned statisties it appeers that tenements, where the v r Itve, from twenty-five to one hundred per cent terest, wl the houses oesupled by tho middlo class average from ten. fo twenty.fve, and the residences of the v. wealthy only fiom five to ten per eent, 4 doubt “the great resson of the falling off value of tenant houses has been the decreased emigra- tion of the past year, as the class that arrive here from Europe are the frst to find their way to these cheap: lodglogs. | It ts noticed,"also, that Greenwich street, nea: the Hattery, which was formerly filled with German emis grant boarding houses, is now assuming a different ap- aS May regain somo of its ancient res 'y. 10 decrense in emigration hay affected property of thie kind inthe First ward, oat sorry, however, to say that this reduction does not ex- tend fo other kinds of property. Mechanica and store keopers wll have to pay even more this year than for- merly, and get no better a its for doing so, There is a fortume to be mado in this clty by capitalists who will baild houses expressly for mechanics and others, who will not live in tenant houses, and who cannot aff to hire a whole honee for themselves, Who will be the first to supply this want? Fina iN DRLaNcey Stneir.—About 734 o’clogk on Thura- day morning, a fire wan discovered m an atti room 1B