The New York Herald Newspaper, January 28, 1856, Page 3

" ! ely separated. The one desin*) a powerful genera! pment, With @ uatdonal repross 2'8 ton bi niler to @ n while others were ic favor of the sover-iga’y the individual States, and thougt chy*t te tederal g > pment should merely ooniine i's atta’ fon to freiga Nationa, aud to preserviog barn uy aetan 04 the States. hese paities were respectively k.own ash ‘eralist aad nv alist, which a"1on tora time tonk @ Be ola se of rvileandjibe:al. Under s diffreat name t © former ore striving to carry out what they haa feilex’ 4° smplich openly, fe The practical reeult of these differences was di-astn*™% a@ State of San Salvador was aitachea to the repsoh *} at jealous of ita tives, and, preserving wn oa iirit of rigaliy oasis t Guatemala, which the snti-lice teadencies of the latiec had couverved int hustility, jad believing the President to favor the in'erest of tae ‘ate rather than thore of she nation, ia » mument of ox- ement declared that it reeumed i 1igh:s aad seceded jor the confederacy. Instead of ullowiug the Scate suf- ient time to reflect and to return t> its uataral course atetly, and, as is believed, cootrury to the opiui wm of Mo- zen, the most violent measures were adoped. 388, }though successful in the beginning. terwiua:e} unf»r- pately. For tne first time liderals w opposed to berals, and there arose be:ween them @ lameutabdie rife. 'The servile, on the other hand, kep- freding the of disunion, and succeeded fo mskings wide oreac2. ney plecged their faith now to one side, uuw to anothor, heorving to eircums'ances, exercising for that purpose H the avility wuich they possessed t+ do evil. Mearwhise Morazan was elected President of San Sal- dor, and committed the serious error of accepting this yw office. Be the circumstauces what they migat, his was an evident u-urpation of power qwuich would be impossible to justi'y. The most oat can be said in apology of his course is, pat here sain every other iastanse of his life, Morazan ‘as aotuated by ppetotle motives. Im consequence ot nie trregudatity, Honduras and Nicaragua, foliowing the ample set by Costa Rica, seceded from tee union. fosta Rica repeated the same act. « Tne {oderal govern- ent thea perceived its error, but ivstead of receding hmained stasionary and icresolute, Sau Salvador takiag vantage of thisirresolution, declared her secession a cond , and the repuolic suddenly presented the bectacle of total dissolution, This, however, was ra- her appearance than reality, for all the acts of separa- lon were conditional. The truth ix, that the ste opted {nis measure in order to procure a better settle tent of ths affairs of the natin, and not from any ntagorista to the federal principle, which they ail 4 But they did not understand that when thay reakened this principle they rence ed it all the more \ficult to restore it to practical application. A nation \mil‘arized with scenes of blood became crael, and the petition of violent measures superiaduced anarchy. he ruin of the ccuntry was near at hand, The enemias f the republic were now full of sutisfaction, and no poger concealed their ipiention, Tue liberals, app-ived f tha fmminence of the*peril, soon abaadoued their ia- adicious eareer, and, abandoning theic differences of pinion, took their former pince in the confederacy; nd the federal governmrnt decreed the elec ioa of a ongreas that waa to decid? ail the issues that had been sade. Buta new element of discord now made its ap- earence, Some of the smaller States, Jealous of Gaate- isla, their superior in population, aud, consequently, pore influential in the national congress, asked for an yusl representation. This question had been raised at Xe time of the separation of the states, and it was re- juiced that at should be accepted before procvediog to an jection. The republican leaders, whose eyes were now oun, succeeded in inducing Guatemala to accede to so nfounded a cemand. But although some of th) states fected their elections, Congress never a-cemoied. Other messuzes were then aiscussed, by which the re- stions of "hs federal government with the States mignt le established on a firmer footing. A revisim of cae pnstitution was propose with this vies, aud comamis- ionera were appointed to form the project, waich was to je submutted to the approbation of the couniry. To void the effeste ot the jealousy against Guatemaia, the pat of the general government was transferred to 3an lalvador, and, in imitation of the Cnited States, a dis- rict of ten leagues im circuwfsrence, around the city, as coclared to bea federal aistrict. The government leing removed from the ceatre of the servile influense, ind the jealousy of the other States being thus onciliaieo, it was then propsed to divice lhe Stats into two or three distinct sovereigaties. This Heasure produced seme uneasiaess. The definite sottle- nent of the trousles was lef for the future, and meau- hile affairs resumed the same course they hed pre- fous to the mania for divisions, wh \d taxon pos- jession of the country. More attention was given to ob- ta of public good. The religivus emancipation, which re have already mentioned, was adopied; snd the eccte- iastical tithes, which had been reduced one halt, were jotirely abolished. The panal eode of Spain, waich had nly undergone slight moailications, was completely ‘pandoned. The learned M. Barruniia took charge of lent code, sl bat ot Bpxin. age also established the trial by jury. hich was first adopted in San Salvador and afterwards in Nicaragua and Guatemala. But strange as this measure sighs appear, although considered as essential to the ublic safety, it met with some opposition. Such au in- ovation not being understood by tbe people in general, “ll graduaLy into disuse and was finally abandoned. The feeling which at this time animated the liberal arty can be understood by the fact that the federal fopgresa ordered a general mourning at the death of eremiah Bentbam, whose works were common among he leaders «f the party. Before foliow:ng the course of events, it is necessary to adicate ove whieh, if not of great and immsdiate impor- lance, introduced a new and terrible element in the ffairs of tie country, and was the forerunner of unheard if calamities. decided measures against the chief ignitaries of the church and against the salaried clergy lad not directly operated against their influence; but ivhen it was decreed that marriage was a civil contract, D aes the authorization of the secular authori- ea, that the corresponding dues and tithes were set ide, the bostility of the clergy reached its climax. The cessions made to strangers, and particularly reilgivus jitxrty, aiced it greatly in raising a general cry agains: ‘he strangers, the echo of which was loudly heard in the wun-eine of Guatemala. This ery had no effect upon Bihe educated claes; but this class does not eompose the inajority. The Indians spread throughout all the country, tua in come districts the only inhabitants quick nawered the call. The hatred excited against the fonquerors was still alive in their hearts, and a reath was enough to make it burst forth. Their hu- iHiation dated from the arrival of the strangers, and ith their increase they imagined that new exactions nd oppresaions would follow. As is natural to them, hey were secretly preparing, excited by the clergy; but heir slience was that which precedes tae storm. A vast nspitacy was plotting in Saa Salvador, and on the 24th bf July, 1823, an Indian from Santiago Nunusleo, named nastasio Aprino, placed himself at its head, and afver roclaimirg an indigenous government, he immeiiately Mittacked the neighboring towns, killing whites, stran- ers and mestizoes. But ths goverament: troops were ‘oon brought out and defeated him at Suan Vicente; and, being captured with some of the principal conspizators, e was shot, As it was perceived that the consoirac: ‘as general among all the native population, and that {t s unpostible to smother it completely, no strong hicasures were adopted, The part which the clergy had in this imsurrection ought upon them the suppressioa of all the church bolidays of the calendar, except Sunday and the five tive days. The great number of holidsys was looked bpon asa drawback upon work ‘in goneral.” How- ver, this measure was that of which the serviles made he greatest use to excite hatred sgalast the liberals. ‘bey soon rnised the voice of heresy and srcrilegs, which ome time before had been raised against them, but hich had never been listened to by the fanatical pub- ¢, unless when troubled in their amusements, or rather in tbeir vices and excesses. ‘Tho year 1824 was no ed for the want of harmony be- ween the foceral authorities aud those of Salrador, and for the disturbances which the ambition of inciviluals paused to break out in Nicaragua. In the beginning of 1835. Costa Rica, also, al:hough with @ population of but 100,0°0 souls, became involved in internal ciasen- ons, occasioned by the jealousies which existed betwaen old capital, Carthage, and the new one, San José— Gio former having extended the right of suffrage, which eonstiiution granted exclusively to land’ holders. ding to the history of the natives, {t appears that ere also the clergy were the principal instigators of ‘oubles; and there is great reason to beilews that in {ficulties they will seek the means to embarrass amd febilitate the nation. In the beginning of 1835, the federal Congress having eon transferred to San ‘Salvador, publisned the new natitution Prevented by the commision appointed to t effect, It was based upon that of 1824, with man; beral altera:ione ; bat it met with the ebustant opposi- tion of the serviles and of a great auuber of the lib- als, and it was consequently rejected by all the States, ith the exeeption of Costa ics ; every one proposed ir: oncilable reforms. A fod of suspense followed. The liberals were in onthe, tnd-an no progress could be made toward the es- biishment of a fixed government, all the 1828. to use the words of a writer of that time, ‘(an be com- ed vo the interval between the eruptions of volcanoes, lwaose emblem is the people of the country in whiah they re situa'ed’’ The government, however, did get re- pain evtirely inactive. It was convinced of the meces- ity of increasing the European element of the pepula- on, and it had adopted several measures to that qjlact. he Constituent Assembly had taken the initiatiw, and subsequent congresses had done away with all ob- in order to facilitate immigration. The results af auch a policy became evident im thet year. In Eng- and s grand coloniat project was under the name of -‘Agricultaral and Commercial Company of the Kast Cosstof Central America.” A new grant was ace of a certain quantity of land, with certain privi- Jeges to nil companies which, with’ four years would lonize to the number of two hundred families, or of ne thousand within ten years. The locality chosen was ‘ueva, in the department of Vera Paz, State of uatemala. The projected towo waa named Ab dotville, which pame can oe found on the maps of that time. But the agents of the company were, for the grester part, jupeculators, and although a great number of farailias were sent over, and about (200,001) two hungret thon- sand dollars wore spent, the project fatled. ‘The immi- pants f the worst class, and the climate and lo- Gality feat to them. Many died, others returned, some went t the West Indies, and a few remained in the country, At the end of two yours no- thing remained of the projected colony but a few buildings in ruins, As Me. Dunlap. ob- server, “il apprars to be a singular infatuation of Euce peans to attempt to form colonics in unhealthy tocallties and under ® barping sun, where the natives of other alimes never enjoy good health. Had they chosen the shores of Lake Nicaragua, or the table lands of Gnate. ‘mala or Costa Rica, the tate of these coloniats would have Deen very different,” ‘This atterapt at colonization by the English in Central America was characterized by the aystem of encroach- ‘ments which the authorities of Belize have always oxer- Cined in that part of the country. As soon aa they had tavlished the eclons which we have above mentioned in the territory of Guatemals, they prevailed upon the Bri. tish government to extend their dominions, and to make a vew attack upon tne territory of the republic. Thay Drosented \homeeives to “sustain the claim which Eng ‘nd bax and can lawfully prefer against those regions,” according to the memorial addrossed to Lord Palmerston on the “8th of October. 1495. Bat although they failed in their altempt the British gents ia Central America have never abandoned thelr deat and proposnls, | surrection of Santa Ro-a was NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, JANUARY 28, 1856, CHAPTER VL REIGN OF TERBOR—WAR OF OASTRS—RAPABL OAR- RERA— DISSOLUTION OF THY BEPUBLIO—FALL OF MUK AZAN—ANABOHY—1836-1841, ‘We are now approsoving the mort divmstrous epoch ia the bistor of Ceatrai America, the reiga of anarchy and barbarism, in whish the moat terribw elemeats of civil ani social dixcord involved that ushsppy souatry, We have seen how tho serviles, fotled im thelr asseults upon the repablic, descended to #1 species of conspiracies and trees m; how the prestige aad power of the general go- vernment had been weakened by em erroneous policy to- qrard the States; how tre great liberal party had mot on)y’ become divided, bu’ was still at war with itvelf; how Buitise influence bad operated against the government and againmn every liveral wecdency of the country; how, finally, the power of the clergy, although dimiaished, had brurally excited a war of castes, the most fearful in which men can engage, because itis one of extermination. ‘Tne republic could still have overcome all these adverse baer ey it cons are serge we tee ected ageine' i oul Ve aavi bady politic from the evils which afflicted it, and cause the fi al erinciples to Slat busbiigiog aay: poeta tes eurt cancer, w! eat wi more cert than the attacks of the clergy, Es the antl Hosrals; badct for the republic, the mass of the peopie, notwithsta: twoelr cast on 58 ERE were plunged in the most la- mentable ignorance. ‘The support which the people in general had given to every meéusure of social piogress and order, had been. given more on acount of the diree: interest which they Deshi the mnaien ae roy oonriotion Sx wiiity ano importance, for government was weak rucder iaa heavy sea. To be exonerated from all kinds ot uppérts and exactions was o sufficient motive for the people to bail with enthusiasm indepeadence of the Sy yoke. Incapable of unders‘anding the neceasi orernment, they clamored against every coatribu- tion; and when the new code wus adoptel. and when prisons were ordered on a diferent p an from the dark and unbesithy aungeons heret sfore they ealy con- sidered the work and expense which theie con-truction would occasion, and opposed the plaa most seri sly, without considering the advantages which bamsaity would reap. Neither did they conaider the tris by jury as a measure of vicel ipo tance to personal ~ecurity and to property, but enly looked upoa it as a new dradgs; and berides, they had no faith in the impartiality of the judges. Such consicerations caused them todes‘roy the most important and prai-eworthy act of he republic. When Livingston’s code of Iuws was put int» pra stise in Guatemala, the inhabitanta of jan Jaen Ostuncaia, who were almort all patives, rose in a body becaure they were called out to buila the prisons, and put to flight the Cir- cuit Judge. Athort time after, a reso mire took oluce between the troops of the district and tae iahsbitants, ia whica the former were victorious. uring tue fight they car: iid pleces of their ancieay idols, which, by advice of the clergy, they brovght with them to ait ia the vio- tory. This circumstans shows to wuat extent the in- ha bitants were superstitious avd igaorant. Bu; the consequences of ignorance were more sevorely felt during the following year, when the cholers for ths first time virited Central America. Physicians were searce, and through carelessness or bed treatmont, the epidemic spread very rapidly and cansed great ravages. A geveral consternation came over the country, which had never suffered such a cruel visitation. Tne govern- ment, in contormity with {14 duty, took the most active measures to mitigate the rigor of the evil. “Not only ail the physicians of Guatemaia,”’ says a writer thea re- sicirg in the country, ‘ out the greater part of tre meai- cal students were sent to places where their services wer: roost necessary. The poor Indians, who aied in gre st num- vers, were completely terrified. The ciergy taougut this & favorable opportunity to put into execution their puns against the liberals, causing the Indians to believe that they (theliberals) had poisoned the springs to destro tbem and to people the country with strangers, preseni ing to them as a proof of what they advanced, the risiag cclocy of Saint Thomas. The credulous aborigines. who bad already b:on excited against reforms, and particalar- ly agninst the trial by jury, weze soon in rebellion, eryii ovatn ageinst the poisonera and the strangers. Many the physicians escaped os best they could. Some fell inte their hands and were murdered, or were obli to swallow all their medioines and water until they died, in which mauner they proved tlwir guilt.” The insurrection became general in all the districts where the Indian element predominated, and to the hor- rors of the plague succeeded thove of civil war. Yamalt ‘and disorder and lawless mobs marked the fotstepa of the revolution. An ill-devised at empt to paci’y a numerous band of the latter with a small force, produced very dis- astrous results, for on the 7th of June, 1887, they were defested by the insurgents and the greater’ part slain, Tne matter was not, in itself, of very great moment, and like many others, might have produced some irritation at the moment, and then been forgotten. But a3 the engagement of Sabana Grande was important because it brought forward Morazan, who was to change his coua- try’s destinies, the destruction of the troops at Santa Rosa marks an era in the history of Central America— that of anarchy and destruction. The chief of the in- Rafael Carrera, whose pame from that moment begins to figure in the annals of the country as the synonyme of all that can be ® most terrible scourge to the people of Guatemala, where he soon exercised the most brutal and barbarous power that has ever been known. The history of Carrera forms a remarkable contrast to that of Morazan. Both were sprung from tha revo- lation, both held unlimited power, but they eae& fol- lowed a separate route. The one was the saviour of re- ublican institutions, the other their assassin. The beratity, generosity, and patriotism of the one could oay be compared to the ignorance, selfishness, treason and brutality of the other. The one personified pi and liberty, the ideal of a republican and well disci- lined army; the other, darkness and tyranny, the leader of blind fanaticism and of disorderly ‘bands, ani- mated solely by a love of plunder, blood and pillage. Carrera fa an Indian, or mixed’ white and Indian; the latter greatly preponderating; obstinate, iraseible, bloody, unscrupulous and persevering. When he heated the Santa Rosa disturbance, he was only 21 years of age; his Ddusiness was to sisughter hogs and he could neither read nor write, but he haa some influence with tho Indians, Alia relations, and the pressure of circumstances, rather than any talent or ability of his, were the elements which raised him to power which was never graceu with justice nor tempered with clemency. Carrera firmly believed the gross fabrication of the clergy, that the cholera proceeded from the waters bein, poisoned, and that the physicians, under pretence o} curing the evil, were s nt by, the ssuthorities 4 “ the pur- poe of accomplithing jesigns st the Indians. Urged on by their success at Bente Rose, and fixing upon Carrera as their most fitting instrument, the clergy resolved to extend their influence in his favor, and to support him firmly. They gave the Indians to believe that he was the guardian angel, Raphasl, who had de- soended from heaven to avenge them, and to punish those heretics, the liberals and the foreigners, aud that he was himself to seize the sovereign power. Various allegories were distributed for this purpose, in which his miracles were set forth. They placed upon the doors of the churches in the Indian villages a legend and an en- graving, which showed the Virgin Mary commiseioning Carrera to direct the revolution against the government, and assuring him of the Divine interposition in his be- hat, There means Lee leas Carrera at the head of great numbers of rude Indian troops. Through fear or policy he always evaded an engagement, except when greatly stronger in nnmbers. His first engagement alter Santa Rosa, was unfavorable to him, notwithstanding the dea reration with which the Iugians fought, they having been promised paradise should they fall in battle. The obstinacy with which they struggled was such a1 to com- pel the gcvernment troops to some excesses in the noat ot batue. This rendered all reconciliation impossible. ‘This conduct confirmed them in the belief that their | enemies really meditated the complete destruction of the Incians, For this reason the baitie of Mataquescuintla was not decis've, Carrera fled f:om village to visage, biewing the flame of insurrection until the latter became universal. The energy of the government was spent in vain. Bande of robbers and assassins infested the highwoyx and attacked the helpless vilisges, and the whole country, with the aed d ro of the larger towns, was in state of the most frightful anarchy. Tn Guatemala the question which had divided its neigh- hors Wish fonaed 60 the otmmien salbty, bad now reseed its culminating point. The government was sur- rounded by dangers and difficulties on all aides, and the anti liberal party found itself among the victins of the tempest which they had contributed to produce. In this crisis the liberals proposed areconcilistion. The terviles required the resignation of Governor Galvez, one of the most decided yet moderate of the iiberals, and the dissolution of the Cabinet, and that all offices should be filled by impartial persons. The liberals ac- eeded to this demand, and the consequence was an anti-lberal power, which only increased the dangers of the State. The new sdministration, under the plea that auch measures were ne i:ssary for the restoration of peace, suspended the law of habeas corpus, and many other constitutional guarantees supprosed the lioerty of the press, and established a milftary regimen; in a word, sot on foot the mest reactionary tendencies. Tue general discontent was not @ littie sagmented by the conduct of the military leaders who had been invested with extra- ordinary powers; and although these measures were to- lerated by some liberals, as required by circumstances, they were regarded by others as acts of open hostility. Many discussions arose, by rearon of this, Antigus Guatemala, or old Guatemala, capital of the depart- men: ot ’ Swoaitepequez, pronounced against the overnmont, declaring it a usurpation, and placed itself under the wer of the confederacy. The government, on the other hand, declared | Saca- tepequez in'a sate of insurrection, ‘and declared mar. tial law seainet it. Similar pronunciamentos, however, soon followed at Chiquimuls, Salama and Vora Paz. & part of the troops, too, became indignant against the government which betrayed the State, and arose in the capital, demanding that the functionaries be restored to ofiice who had resigned by reason of the so-cailed com- romixe. i In this crisis, the factions called in the assistance of Carrera, and with tho aid of his tierce guerillas, marched upon Guatemala, took it, and placed at the head of the State » man named Velasquez. Toe greatest alarm then prevoiled in Guatemala, because the Corie of Carrera acted with the most unbridled license, and commiited disorders of every kind. ‘The people asked for his expal sion, which could only be effected witn diflisulty. The liberals were forced by their antagonists to place them- setves at the head of the movement, in order that ‘hey might bear the weight of Carrera’s hatred and revenge. ‘They, however (the anti-liberals), remalned quietly at honie, and it is even reported that they secretly con- ed to Carrera intelligence of everything that tran- xpired. Phe liberals of the departments of Queraltonango, So- lola and Totonicapan, where the insurrestion had’ not yet become general, erected those provinces into a new State, called Lon Altos, asked for ite acmission inte the confoderacy aa a sovereign State. In doing this the liberals songht for nothing t of ageinat Gun In, where their adversaiies, instellad by force and the aborigines, issued the most atrivgont mouvures against everythicg thet opposed their au- herit: At beginning of the Guatemala insurrectioa, the federei iment took no dour whether 1¢ would have a right to de so before the State government should be unadie to defend iteelf; and moreuver it did mot poases at the time the neces faery mesos to interfere effectually. The other Sates Uibéwrse fusebore iaterfering with others whose inter- ents did not directly affect theirs. Lastly, whom Morazan was compelied by circumstances and by the constitution to inter pose, he fuund very great difficulty in raising ‘the necessury troops. and he was compelied to march at the ur bien smell umber of mea. 8000 reach: ite, the headquarters of the rebellion, and al- though be was successful in every encounter, he Adie, afer a severe campaign, to ob:ain any decisive re- eult. The new position of sffairs im Guatemala contribu- ted to increase his ewbarrasament. The policy of his petite ‘opporenta was to continue war. He was, ¢fore, obliged to secair to the capital with his ex- hausted army, end the ecemy, ‘the man, offered nO tion. Their policy was always to temporize and "ape people. rncwured ny Sho iatorraaion of peo} itervention of Moras: ited that the amti-! ‘gn in the disturbances. It ral officials shor thar and these, with well beat mee ty, gave up their offices and p: ‘them in the hands of zan- They thereupen proceeded to ‘which resulted. in the appointment of os a eres Hberal, te the auoe to the re-etablishment of order. The immediate o%- feet of thiv upon the izeurgenta was tnvorable, and Mo- rovan havit g again assumed the offensive against them, made propositions, which were sesepted, and entered into & treaty of ‘This was, however, but a feint on ie hich aad swalted bute far moment to The prevence of Morazan in Guatemala was marked by ‘en attempt to corrupt his patriousm end to bring him to the anti-liveral side, ‘This it and suovec- they were equslly grieved with the at the public celamitios, and having de- ived themselves, and believing that he would consent ‘to sacrifice hia principles, they concluded by an open offer of the dic‘atorship, and a ohange io the institutions of the country, This proposal was rejected with the con- tempt which it deserved, and they, mortified at their fail- ure, resumed their plans of intrigue and insarrestion.”” While these oseurrences were going on in Quatemals, ‘the other States were becoming daily more and more dis. organized, All the astempts tha: had been made to form a.uew constitution had failed, while the objections to the old ore ecntinued to increase. Dissontent was general, and the elements o1 son union were every where being dissolved, Morazan succeeded in re- establis icg anapperent calm, when he was calied to Ban Salvador to suppress new disorders; a man of inde. seribable ceprayation and cruel y, Francise> Malospin, hea aroused a commotion which proiused the most dis- estrous results, The plese where he neld his head quar- ters was unknown, and all his forces were divided into many bodies of swail numbers, who acted only upon the impulse cf the moment. Au soon as Morazan left Guatemala with the federa: troops, Carrera reorganized his Indians and re- newed his attacks with all the vigor that he could oummand. He began by Lis HS fe a body of troops stationed at Jalapa, ler the com- word f Colovel Bonilla; be vanquished and pur- sved ss far as the frontiers of Salvador. This succeds filled the ranks of the insurgenta with enthusiasm, and greatiy tended to inc-ease their mumbers. Carrara had not forgotten h’s igvominious exputsion from Guatemala, ani was burn'ng io be revenged. He therefore marched agsinst that § ace, and was met by a small forceat So- naps this, afier a vain eff rt to arrest his march was obliged to’ withdraw, and he continued his progress. He arrived at the a almost as soon as the intelligence of bis spproach. He en‘ered, without any rosiatance being offered, on the day followlug. It was the intention of the excitec savage to set fire to the city, and he could oaly be induced to desist with gcest difficulty. Moan- while, he practised the most cruel outrages upon the liberals, who were also a prey to the constant and unre- pressed attacks of his soldiors. The anti-liberals, on the other band, enjoyed all poxsiole priviteges, and’ drmiy cemented their alliance with the ev,vago coieftain. But while he was thus revelling in the intoxication of his triamph, Gene:al Salazar, who had collected togehor a body of some nine hundred men, attacked him sta piece in tho immediate vicinity of Guatemals, known as Villa Nueva, and completey defeated him with a heavy loss, More than five hundred Indians remained on the field. Carrera, terrified at this disaster, retired with the few followers that were left him to the mountains of Mita. Had this blow been followed by another, it would bave unquestionably put onend to the insurrection. Salazar, however, was not ina condition to puraue tho campaign any farther, aud was obliged to abandon his purpore and return to Guatemala; and although stoy were afterwards taken to follow ERS first auccess, the insurgents bad already recovered from their alarm. ‘The indomitable Carrera made his appearance once more, and having made an incursion into San Salvador, ani taken possession ct Santa Anna and Abus Chapau, he revurned with great haste to Guatemala. There he was ‘once more defeated. .A series of unfavorable engagements eubsequently began to dampen his ardor, ana when he discovered that Morazan was organizing new forces, and reparing to destroy him completely, he manifested a lisposition to abandon the contest, and made overtures to the government. Thus it was that on the 28d day of December, 1838, a treaty was signed, by virtue of which the insurgents were to lay down their arms, to recognise the authority of the State, Carrera to be com mander of Mita, and a general pardon to be extended t the guilty parties. Nevertheiens, Carrera, under tence of defending the district, remained at'the head o considerable troops, which troops enabled him to be come one of the powers of the State, as soon as he wa invested with legitimate authority. This of itself i sufficient to show the weakness of the government, and Carrera found hirvself in a better position than ever be fore to carry out his plans. ‘This circumstance, coupled with the growing excite ment that prevailed in the country, showed that ta- State and federal governments were daily becoming mor powerless. Neither had any resources, and both wer ‘without any fixed common principle. ‘The personal po- pularity ot Morazan was the only element of stability ‘that appeared to cfler any chance of security and order. The federal Copgress assemoled in 1838, and Morazan made frank communication touching the condition of the country. A decree was thereu issued extendi: to the State governments many of the powers that had belonged to the federal | tierce id left to the latter on), ss a ent of fore’ affai: and the collection of the public revenues, Such ® measure was a virtual dissolution of the confederacy, particularly as Congress waa dissolved immediately atterward and did not come together again. The Legislature of Geutemala, dismayed at the prospect now offered, followed the same example. The other States remained abandoned to their own re- sources, If they had been inspired by a true sense of patriotism, at thia critical moment they would havo sa- crificed all their private animositios and feelings upon the altar of the publis good. But scattered over an extensive territory, with inferior com- munications, they were unable to understand one another and to provide for the common safety. Some, however, endeavored todo so, aud callea a con- vention at Nicaragua to revise the constitution. The great difficulty that then manifested itself was to define the powers of the several States. Then Nicaragua pro- mulgated ber constitution and declared herself independ- ent, recognizing, however, the federal principle, should the republic be reorganized under & confederacy. Hon- duras followea the exampic set by Nicaragua, Costa Ri- ca was being revolutionized by Carillo, who deposed the lawfully copstituted Gcvernor, Manuel Aguilar, and as- sumed the dictatorship, which office he held during a pe- riod of four years, Nevertheless his administration was highly benefieial, and under his intlaense that litde State made considerable progresa. At the end of the year 1888 the republic was in a etate of almost complete disorganization, there remaining but three States together. Moravan was the only man who represented the national principle, and on the 1st of Feb- ruary ensuing hie term expired. There was at that time neither PresiGent nor Congress, nor unity of action be- tweon the States. Morazan, sul actuated by the hope of reorganizing the xepublic, and deeming it a duty im- pored by circumstances, determined to retain his office until the election of a successor. He was still strongly ecnvincea that the general government alone could sus- tain the integrity of the union. A grent part of the live- rale had become opposed to him. ‘These formed @ league with Nicaragua and Honduras, with which be had been at war for some time past. Nevertheless, with the assistance of General Caoanas, one of the best and bravest officers that the country ever produced, he defended himself for a long time. San Salvador war invaded by the jomt troops of Nicaragua and Honduras; but the latter were defeated in several encounters. The federals, having pushed forward as far as the latter of these States, were in turn repulsed. While fortune waa thas uncertain, however, the iiberal party was daily growing woaker, and a reconciliation be- coming more impossible with their rivais, whose plans were becoming more apparent. Morazan being in s very precarioun pos{tfon, they en- tered into a lengue with Carrera, and induced the cruel Indian to proceed againat Gnatemala with 6,000 men. ‘The mall garrisan of 300 men made no resistance, and he entered in triomph into the city whence he had been twice expelled, Being now unduputed master of the place, he repeated many of the outrages which had call forth #0 much incignation on forner occa- sions. He became a seli-constituted dictatr, aud commenced « system of bloody pera.cution against all whom he considered suspicious, or who were distasteful to him by reason of their past conduct. His reign was a reign of bru ality and terror- hia sword was the only law, An assembly of an’ republicans wae cailed, and declared tbat the Srate jed from the confederacy, and that henceforth ft re- auined all ita rights as a sovereign and independgnt State. This, therefore, was tho third triamph of the enemies of the union. Their victory being attested by the ruias which they bad mace, # triple alliance was formed be- tween despotism, the clergy and barbar ty. Agricultare and commerce disappeared, as well as public trea- sure. All the liberal jaws’ were annulled, and they re- turned to a system w: ree than that of Spain. But no one was more anxious in this work of disor- ganization than the clergy, who at once sought to obtain the re-establishment of convents, of tenths, and the restoration of all their property; but the Indian knew alt that the olergy was capable of, and saw that the power which was thos sought to be increased might be used against him, and he gave a peremotory refusal. What, then, must,bave been the astonishment of the serviles, re they found @ master where they had thought to find «slave! Meanwhile the same clergy promoted an Insurrection at Lop Altos, against the liberal or federal authori ies, and re-incorporated the State into Guatemala, Guzman, the President, and many of the leading tiberals wee captured by Carrora, and all the municlpality of Ques- valtenango shot. Many fled to San Salvador to screen themselves from the atrocities of that savage, This last montioned State was the only one that re- mained faithfu) to the federal princiole. But Morazan's be pes were failing daily, and he now determined to try one lost effort in favor of the cause to which he had de- voted bis life, Althongh surrounded by foes and by timid friends, be sueceoaed in raising » email force, and march- ed upon Guatemala. In twenty-eight minutes ho took the city, on tho 18th of March, 1849. Hat the popular spirit had hegun to fail uncer such revere trinla; many of bia frends had fallen, and othors were expelled, #0 that be found himself alone; his treops did not number one thousand men, while five times that number of mea, under Carrera, #urrounded him in every direction. Find- ing, then, that s.1 was lost, and well awace the! among them there existed no idea of civilized warfare, he re- wolved to break through the line that surrounded him, ena withdraw, The contest was terrible; the majority of his officers were killed; thirty-three of the more dis- of those that remained in the city took refuge in the house of Mr, Frederick Chatfield, the British Coa- sul, who delivered them up, and they were cut dowa in bis house like ‘Those who refage under the fleg of France were the onl; When Morezan reached meat. Seeing that all was lost, and spark of hope left, he ceparted one dark and ao! night, wht e few cf his officers, quitting wi rapd that which he teriee saved destruction, and to wi service he had devoted all is efforta and all his ability. Such was the ead of the tial career of Morazan, who remained two years ti Nenerte with those who had accompanied him lore, Carrere , finding himself without a foe in Ventral Ame- ries, and emboluened by hia triumph, thought that be could easily master the whole country. With thia object, be raised & numerous army, and marched upon San Salvador. He met with no resistance, and he was able to perpetrate the greatest atrocities with impunity. He laced the sovereign power in the huande of one of the factions that had joined him; but es Honduras and Ni- caragua had formed a league against him, and as his Indians had become of little avail, when out of their mountains of Guatemala, hardly ‘had he returned to Guatemala before the people of Sen Salyador deposed the authorities that he had left, and placed other aud legiti- mate ones iu their stead, CHAPTER VII. OARRERA—RETURN OF MORAZAN-—HIS DEATH—AT- TEMPT AP FORMING A UNION—1841 ro 1851. In the year 1841 the national spirit was completely gone, and the republis was divided into five separate States, each one jealous ot her neighbor, a prey to in- terior factions, and to the opposite efforts of the differ- ent parties, In Guatemala the membere of Carrera’s Assembly soon discovered that they were nothing but instruments of bis will, he having assumed all the powers of the State and taken them into his own hands. He well knew that the enti: Mberalparty had only joined him to further their own secret and private viens. The ignorant butcher of Mita bad sufficient experience of his associates to know that he must look to his own personal seourity— therefore it is that he only adopted and carried out their measures when they coincided with his own ideas; he conformed to the law when it subserved his interests, aud he acted with discretion when it suited him. *‘Senor General,’ said an excited member of the Assembly one Gay, in full council, “you possess the physical power, but’ wo rely upon ‘the moral power off the country.’ Carresa wade no reply, bat immediately withdcew. Wishin fifteen minutes he returned, and five huadred bayonets surrounded the room. Carrera ordered that the coorm should be opened, and srid to the irritated member, ‘Here are my Indians, where is your moral power f” The clery hastened to procure a return, not only of their cor{,:ste1 property, but also a re-establishment of their ten.ai and other perquisites soolished by the Uberals, Carzera assented to somo o! their demaads, but prohibited the Assembly from obliging the people to support the clergy. ‘It apy one wants to employ a clergyman, let him pay him.’ Costa Rica was still uncer the ordera ef the dictator Carrilio; out having received a new and pro. pereua im- pulse by reason ot the introduction of coffee, the soun- tay remainec quiet. I: was cuabled t> contribute its share towards the payment of tae national debt, and ha je surplus left, which it devoted to objects of public urility. Nicaragua, San Salvador and Honduras, aithough with separate governments, were all auxioux for a national union, Alter having disposed of some preliminary diffi- culties, there assembled at Chinandega, on the 17ch of March, 1842, a Congress for the purpore of establishin; the bases of anew constitution, This step was sppored by Carrera and the anti liberal party of Guatemala, aod by Carrillo; but the representative of the States above named formed the bases of a national government in these words: “Tasta supreme magistrate, elected by the majority of the States, wou'd be the Executive power; that a Gouncil of State wou.d be formed in the same man ner; that there would be & supreme court of justise, and that each fitate would govern ittelf by its own peculiar laws.” ‘The jealousy and mistrust ot a central power, which had been in the minds of all, after the dissolution of the confederacy, again opposed tais project; besides, = government with’ unlimited power, and without say means of cxistevee, could only be nominal. Still, this attempt—though without any result—served te show a disposition to attempt the formation of # uaion; and the friends of Morazan, believing that all personal hatre¢ against bim bad diedaway, thongkt that by re- turning to the country he might help to revive the fede- ral teeling. He was therefore urged to return, and assured ot mort enthusiastic reception. of hope. he set sail trom Valparaiso, iy officers, im March, 1842, anj'in April toilo: La Union,’ {a San Saivador. ct the Uberals had failed, he repaired to Calderas, in Costa Rica. ‘There he gathered together » few troops and marched upon the capital, where he de; ‘at rillo and raised the republican tiag once more. Th» Le- gislative houses appointed him Governor and recalled = decree in which the State had withdrawn from the union, This result, brought about in one of the States that hed been most hostile to the union, naturally inspiced Morazan and bia friends with great hopes of being able to re-establish the federal government. Trey bel that the other States would follow the same course as Costa Rica, and aid them in their operations. With this view they prepared an expedition to Nicaragua. The Arsembly decreed a levy of 2,000 men, and s loan of $50 600. But the people of Costa Rica are averse to war, apd a great part of the men flew into the woods, so that it became obligatory to take strong measures to enforce the recruiting law. This insvired the people with great hostilicy, which was encouraged by the emissaries ot Guatemala and the English agents. At this moment a fatal occurrence came to the assistance of the latter, ‘An cfficer named Molina, belonging to an influential family, seduced » young girl from the house of her pa- rents, for which crime he was arrested by General ‘The former connidering this an suit, raised the troops against him; he was assassinated. For this act Molina was taken to Calderas, tried before a court martial and executed. This occur- rence created considerable excitement. Some of the troops sided with the criminal, and even attempiod to prevent the execution of the sentence. To quell the dis- order Morazan sent General Nazet to the spo! with bis troops and remained behind with a «mall evoort. His enemies secing him alone, took advantage of the oppax tunity offered to attack him; the people with their usual fickleness jcined them, and’ he was assaulied by abeut 5,000 men’at San José. Morazan, with some three @ four hundred men maintaioed bia ground for two days and two nights, broke through the line of his besiegers, marched to the city of Carthage, where he was alegrace- fully betrayed, was made prisoner with bis t#o sons and some of his officers, taken to San’José on the 15th of September, 1842, and immediately shot. Thus died the most able and purest man that Central America ever produced, To Cosa Rice belongs the odinm ot having perpetrated the moat abominable crime, in accordance wih the suggestion of the anti repubiicun party. When the intelligence of Morazan’s capture reached the ocast it was hardly credited: nevertheless, Genoral Cabenaa, with a small body of picked troops, went to his reac. ¢; but he bad hardly started when a Spaniard called Fapinac, who professed friendship for Morama, persuaaed himn that not ony was he in safety, but that he was pro- bably by that time near the coast. Having been deceived in this way, Cabanas returned to Calderas, anion his arrival there heard of the atrocity that had beoa rpetrated at San José. The friends of Morazan were filed with terror; but although without their leader, they remained firm to their principles. They embarked in Gifferent versels and } roceeded to San Salvador, waose ports they blockaded auring several weeks; finally, they Janded and were received in a friend); nor by Males- pin, and took part in the affairs of the State, Malespin had formed a plot against Morazan, but having been ae- feated by the latter, had been obliged to lea re the country. He afterwards returned with Cxr who left him at the head ofthe troop., that be might’ put downany at- tempt of the liberuls; but he soon saw that although these were divided they realiy predominated, and he co- aleaced with them with a view to insuring his powe:; ne even ralsec many of them to office. This course on’ his part, and his conciliating measures towards all the adhe- rento of Morazan, alarmed Carrera and his friends, and they determined to strike a biow that would destroy him his new allies. An expedition was therefore orga- nized to invade San Salvador, at the head of which was General Arce, the first President and first traitor of Con- tual america, who had been reduced by his crimes to the position ot an adventurer. The expedition was uniuc- cewtul, and Carrera his wretched agent, in order to show a disapprobation of the attempt. But Malespin did not let the matter rest there, He ia with all reached But finding that the plan his turn raised forces to invade Guatemala, The moye- was well and vigorously executed, but the troops had no vory great affection for their commander, and offered the command to General Cabanas, a man of a kindly and affable disporition and great courage. But Cabanas, out of regard for bis commander, refused the proffered post, and Malospin, indignant at such s procapding, dissolv ‘hiv own forees and returned to San Salvador. After the death of Morazan, the States continued, not oply separated, but actually opposed to eacn other. Party questions had now disappeared to make room for struggles alter the supremacy over the reat. the resutt was frightful anarchy, In Guatemala, aa we have al- ready stated, Carrera exercised unlimited power, At San Balvador Malespin had no control over pubiic affairs. At Honduras one Terrera was the nominal but powerless President. At Nicaragua there was Casto Fonseca. known as Grand Maresshal; and one Alfaro presided provision- ally over Costa Rica. Wane the country was thus disunited, while every at- tempt at rationality falled, the Jingiish agents at Belize took advaniage of the opportunity to carry out their de- signs against the Monquito coast. Colonel Macdonald, a superintendent, made a new in- curefon upon the coast, arrived at San Juan de Nicare- oa, took Quijano, the administrator, a prisoner, carried ian off in is vessel, and counmitted every kind of out- rege. He afterwards visited Rnatan, there gavo his or- cers, and returned to Belwe, This new proceeding was not disapproved; on the contrary, when the government ot Nieniagua preferred ite claim, Consul Chatfield cut short all discuasion by seying that he acted in conform( with tho cirestions of hor Majesty's government. Tain fret stop was consummated the 10th of August, 1860, the islands having then been deolared formally annexed to the superintendence of Belize, under the denomination of “Pay Islands.’” The English aggressions are thus recapitulate? by an Fngish sothor:-—" The sum total of our acquisitions in Central America, excluding the small island: and Tiger--Is (6,000 equero miles, or 88,784 ic over whith wo “ave undisputed authority, thia boing almost one-third of Nicaragua, and equal to two-thicts ho prea of Creat Britwin? The detai'a of the sabseqaens difiguiies ae'ng the States without inteceat; Dotbins but oe ' i s contents dictated porsoaal at ot oe es, at are URtoa between ares Bee Salvader eeainet Ni , and ie teaate of Malespin agaias! the latter, ia The otty of Leon op- yet ® forwoa) resistanee to this. This city was de- ded with extraordtaary perseverance for two montis, and it was ony after a most obstina.e siege tha: ed, Nicaragua remained st peace. The only diaturbince was an insurrection ate oy & mao named Chel mn, ‘This was promptly quelled, and nothing until the taking of San Juan by the Koglish, in January, ‘1848, and the commotion of Somonza, in 1849. Another we at fedoraiizing waa mace & con- vention held at Ni ia 1837, but only Honduras, N js and San Salvador sent’ representatives—riil these laid down tie basts of the new constitution calied the “Necaome t” which was accepted by neither centralists nor federulists. When Mr. Hire went to Guatempla, in 1848, as Charge @’ Affairs of the United Sates Government, he was instructed to declare to the States of Central America | American government was- | “that the policy of the mot to interfere in their affairs, but that nevor theleas it eara atly desired ana recommended # re-estav- lishwent of the confederacy of Ceutral America.’ Tae same instructions were given in 1849 to his succeasor, who stated the desire of the United States, and the revalt | ‘was that the delegates of Nicarague, Honduras and San Salvador again asrembled, under the title of “ Nations! Representation.’’ the agreement then proposed was simple enough, and invited the concurrence of Cost Rica and Guatemals. cepted, and on the ?th of Janua Representation came together, Mr. José Barrundia having been appointed its Previtent. Upon this the Nicaragua Gazette exclaimed: “After ten yeara’ dovastation, Central america 14 once more restored to the hope of prosperity avd God, and the experience of the past, guide us in our tuture career; and may we wisely follow fe saan offered us by the great republic of Nor:h merica,’” days, and as yet we have heard bat little from him, as nothing is allowed to be made public. A ‘ew Port au Prince people have come back, ani only a few, buta great many have been sent out by the goverument, As near a8 we can learn the Emperor has reached Azua, but ha had to fight the whole way. Business is at a dead stand; collections are very bad, particularly among tne speculators. The retailers pay better. Ido not want to see sny more arrivals of provi- sions until the present critics! state of affuirs panies over; and when it will do so, nobocy knows, Sinoe the foregol writs cama tyes regoing was tem, news trom the a has come in more sbundan'ly, and it is bad sanagh, T will give you the particulars, ax far us I can gather them, but you Know the difiicully of getting at politizal fucta in Hayu. Every Haytien feels as if every loud word he utiera on any matter relating to the governinent, will cu’ his owa throat—so I have collected what follows by whispering with one and another. Tne army, a you know, lefc here ou the 10th of the present month. It consia.ed of the troops of the South united to those of Port au Priase, and these Were joinea at Mirabolais by the troops of Gonaives and St. Mare, numbering in all about 23,000 men, independ- ent of the army of the North, commanded by Gooeral Pani Duca; ette, of some 7,000, which rendeavoused at small town near the lines, ‘where they atill remain, for all we know to the contrary. From Mirabelais a detachment of about four thousand Was onered to take a southern road, with » few peovi- tions, and to rejoin the Emperor noar Aqua. All we know of them further ts, that svon after crossiag tae lines, they were met by a bocy of Domiutcaus, whea the regiment of Jacmel, which was in ucvance oruke at the first fire, and precipitated themselves on the rear, which causec * generat rout. Tey were commanded by old General Garat, of this place, said to be the best cavalry officer in the army, wuo, with several of his officers, was kiLed cn the spot.’ The troops have gone where ‘they pleare, But tue great miafurtuce was with the main body, under the Emperor, consisting of avout eighteon thousand men, woich wok the road to Las Ceopnas. When near this place, in an open field, but near a piece of woods, they came upon a bocy of Dominicans of about four hundred men, with a canaun. The order ot march of the Kmperor’s troops at this time war aa folilows:—The advanced guacd was coummsand- ed by Generai Valentine (a Domiaizn refuges,) with old General Thirlonge, of Port au Prince, on the rigut, and the Aux Cayes troops on the left, in all above 2,006 men. In the reur of these aame the iimperor’s élite, with the Emperor in person, his staff, all his minis a, hia treasure cheat; after these came the main body. Tbe acvanced guard continued to march forward until within gunshot of the Dominicans, when they made » halt and cried “Vive Empereur I’? several umes, and were as often answered by the Dominicans; but for whom the lat- ter hurraed, nopody seems to know. Tne Dominican commander then advanced in front of his troeps, and Va entine did the same to meet him. After talking e time, (what they said ia not known,) they separated, each returning to his troops; but on the way the Dominic- an fired his pistol, when the Aux Cayes troops com- menced firing, without orders, on the Dominicans, who a hn otlues of tie deste regiment, whose I officer of ux Cayes » Wi name forget, but the same who shot those prisoners in prison at Aux beh a few years ago, then mounted a horse, and troops to follow him; and they did so with a rush, throwing themselves back on the main boty of the Hayvien army, which was at the same time charged by the Dominicans. A considerable number of Haytiens were hilled, and Valentine and Thirlonge were both wounded, but escaped, Meanwhile, the Aux Cayes troops, throwing guns and baggage, contiaued their retreat, turniog and carrying along with them other troops, until finally the ter part of the army had taken to flight, seavis fmperor and his staff almest alone. Valentine and Thir- lenge now came up, bard pushed by the Dominicans, when they and the Kmperor and all with him took into aby-path, and finally succeeded in getting clear off from the minicans. through the woods and escaping But the old man rana narrow chance. They |were once within a few teet of him, and he was only saved by Thir- fact other officers of his staff, eeveral of whom lost eir lives. The Dcminicans pursued the retreating Haytiens some | miles, until they were finally checked and driven back by the Garce Nationale of Port au Prince, commanded by Robert Gateau, the auctioneer. ‘The army has lost everything. The Emperor is said to have bad with him, in his treasure cheat, $3,000,000 in cur- reney, and $80,000 Spanish. AU this is lost, with the guns, ammunition and provisions, and other boggage aud money. ‘The retreating troops have thrown away theirarms. Tne ror ia said to have reached Bonheur, s small place some sixty miles from the Cape, with about a thousand men. The Aux Cayes troops, with some others, have arrived back at Low Caobas, to the number of 1,500. The Eaperor has sent them orders to join him at Bonheur, witich they have refused to do. Whother he will march against them, or they against him, does not yet seem to be set- ted.’ Where the rest of the grand army is, no one knows but themselves, This ie about the amount, true or false, of what I have gathered from one and another who ‘have returned. So you see the war is at an end; but how things are ing to be quieted down again I co not know, but I hope tor the best. Business is exceedingly bud, other prospects. worse. The great misfortune to commerce is, that the war was got up so suddenly that no one was prepared for it, Orders for cargoes and goods had gone forward to kurope and the States, and it was too late, whon the march be came probable, to countermand them. The conse usn0e is that the Custom House, wharf and harbor are fuil of goods, and there are no nd on qoods that have to be ‘orced om the market there must be heavy loses, Supreane Court—11 Chambers. Before Hon, Judge Whiting. FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES. Jax, 26.—Phineas 7. Barnum ads. Orson D. Sunn, Frederick M, Kelly, Elihu J. Townsend and Hawi. Ste- phens.—Mr. Cutting applied on bebalf of Phineas T. Bar- num to the Court to direst an entry to be made on the ocket of a judgment in the words “secured by appeal,’? the effect of which is to suspend the lie of ju: ent upon the reel estate of Mr. Barnum, who states in his affidavit that a jodgment was entered ani docketted im the Special Term of tho Court in favor of the plaintiff, agains’, defendants, for the sum of $16,074 60, on the 25th Augast, 1866; that he appealed from the judgment to the General Term of this Court, and that tne same 's now pending and unbeatd; that an undectaking requisite to stay execution has been given, and the sureties thereon have duly justified om plaintiff's exception to their aufli- ciency; that the said sureties are Simeon Leland and Abraham B, Miller, both of New Yorr, each of whom uly, justified in the xnm of $30,000; that be (Barnum) during the last week sold nome real ostate, and waa to have comrpleted the sale on the 20th of Janusry, inst. and the , in order to carry out hia contract, had sold about $80,000 worth of stock at their present low and deteriorated price to complete his purchase, but when ceponent came to close his contract he was sur- prised to find that this judgment was a lien, and the pur- charer would not, ot eee nae his contract until ch Hien was removed; that it cannot carry out his contract it, will subject both himseit and his pur- chaeer to gront lors and serious ineonvenionce, Counsel va the opposite ride oppoved the, motion, and submitted that if relief were given it should be on addi- tional security of real estate, The Court would look at the papers with a view to see whether it is a proper case for the exereise of the discre- tionary power Vested {a the Court. THE MAN AND WOMAN OF MANY aLrasrs. Margret Connolly, alias Corgrove, alias Duval, and her husband, Wm. Connolly, alias Cosgrove, appeared before the court on a writ of habeas corpus, It will be reco!- lected that these celebrated characters, who fiquced 9 conspicuously on Judge Stuart's trial—the @ne as 4 wit ness and the other as being untavoradiy epoken of— were recently arrested ona change of extorting mowey from » weal old gentleman in Boston, and were eommit. ted to the Tombs. They are held oa @ requisition of the Governor of the State of Massachusetts to Governor Clark. ‘The answer of Margaret M. Connolly and William Qon- nolly to the return of Jobn Gray to the writ of habeas corpus denies the legality ot the warrant attachod there. to in this, that it ix not founded upon a suiticlent cha of erime againat the laws of Massachusetts or New Yor! vhat the proof of the alleged crime, a4 statet in the pet- tion aad not denied by the reiura, i* not sufficient to warrant their commitment; that the charge does mot appear to have been made before any magistrate in Man- sachneetta qualified to bear the same, nor states that the parties are fugitives trom justioe in Massachusetts: nor dices the commitment state that the parties were duly examined before him upon the alleged charge, par suant to statute; and to the paper parporting to be « warrant of the Governor of the State of New York de- ponents sey that the charge contained (menid warrant ix olfferent irom that stated in the alleged charges sat commitment. The Conrt reserved decision until Monday morning. Tre prironers wore in the meantime re committed to the Tombe. Our Nebraska Correspondence. Omama Crry, N.T., Jan. 10, 1866. Business in the Nebraska Legislature—The Bank) Some time aince the lower Hbuse admitted a twea- ty-seventh member; whereas the Governor, in whom the power was vested; presoribed but twenty-six. He was from the Half-Breed tract of country lying south of the Platte river. There has been constant oppe- sition on the part of many to this, and consequently been butalightly me ee te too coe: disposition szongs mem -aggean- dizement and sel ftadvancement and local tenare. good is too little heeded. bank question has been for a few days The ta | a theme of goneral interest. Some sevem . Only the first mamed States ao- | pe 1 believe; have been on foot. 1861, the National | , or at least some them, came uw final passage in the Council. The Te Bank of Ne , or rather the bill, was Nimeha Voiley Bank at Brownyi a tbe of Florence passed, and the Platte ‘alley Bank of Nebraska Cit; . Thad given } Logialature credit to horse concern here, now issuing what look tobe bank bills; but if a member gots his name on a charter, and sees a fair prospect of some dimes ahead through it, no mater how odious the principle of territorial b: may be to the le, in he goes for it. is folly to’ at mpt to establish a bank in Nebraske capital, for there is really not enough here out- side of the United States funds to atart a resi ble show in a broker's office. How much of States funds is already empl in a system of banking now, I know not; but Ido know that when @ member wants to draw for his services, instead of being paid by the Secretary out of the government gold,a check is given him ona Fire and Marine shinplaster shop here, and over he goes and gets & bandfal of their Paper A bill is now before the House, as introduced bev Mr. Decker, of Nebraska City, to re-locate the cay tal of Nebraska. — It is well got un, and the plan is really commendable. The substance is, it locates a town called Chester, near the mouth of Salt Creek, on the south side of the Platte river, emptying there- in, and about 26 miles inland. This town is to be laid off and platted. A board of five commissioners take charge of affairs. The lots are to be sold by these commissioners or their agent, and the pro- ceeds of such sale to be upplied to building a State House. The sale of lots no doubt would soon build o suitable building. Can the plan er removal be effected? you ask. I think not, for these reasons: A bilt locating it south of the Piatte river would not pass the Council, unless perchance the name of that thriving town, Fontenelle, on the Blk | Horn river could be inserted. This bill may pass the House, and indeed could a bill for a removal any- where be effected—as a majority of the people I verily believe earnestly deaire—it would be vetoed dg the Governor, who, I am informed from the general gos- sip of the Know Somethings here, is alxeady bound by the company who owned this place, (for a valua- ble consideration seit say) to exercise that r in the event. He'll do it—I knowit. This would throw such a bill back upon both houses, and it would them require that which it could scarcely obtain—a two- thirds vote. So the people may how! and rave, the speculators are around. 3 Four men I am informed dicd in Cenncil Bluff city —just across the river—last night, quite sudden; one from being poisoned from eating oysters, and three from the ta of liquor. One Ties is they— three of them—died around the gambling table. particulars I will find out and report. The cold weather has somewhat abated since last I wrote. The Indian : eee are he and indeed many of the horses of the settlers. It has been a winter thas far remarkably bad for stock. i ‘The Omaha Indians are now mostly on their reser- vation up in Black Bird Hills, and are on friendly terms with the Ponka and some bands of the Sioux Indians. Ike. { Oar Alubama Correspondence. Avsven, Ala., Jan. 20, 1856. Emigration to Kansas— Mineralogy of Alabama— The State Legislature—Democratic Convention —The Last of the Temperance Party, §c., Ge. A large company of mou are now being raised in this State to go to Kansas. Contributions are being made, not only throughout Alabama, but in Geor- Ce | gia, to facilitate this enterprise, and a degree of en- thusiasm is manifested truly remarkable, and con- vincing to my mind that the people of the South are not afraid of the Sharp’s rifles sent out by the pseudo negro lovers of the North. Willing for slavery to be directed and controlled by the nataral laws the Great Creator framed for it—soil, climate, | products—I have not the most remote idea that the people of the South would have ever thought for one moment of forming emigration societies but for the intervention of those arch-agitators and dis- turbers of the peace of the Union. It may be » trifling matter with Massachusetts, and a relief for her to make Kansas a Botany Bay to send her cut- throats and criminals to, and it may be some satis- faction to her to know that the South is compelled to send her best citizens—those identified directly with her institutions—but she may yet see that ahe has sown dragon seed. She may yet be com; to acknowledge the baleful fruits of her own fanati- perp eee al Alabama to be rich ical surveya prove Alabama in mineral resources. Tieern from an of the State Geologist that marble of the finest and most beautiful texture, “in which you may see yourself aa in a mirror,” capable ef¢he tinest polish, and in in- exhaustible quantities, has been discovered in one of the northern counties. In another region of the State a vast mine of the best bituminous coal has heen discovered. In Tallapoosa county there is be- ginning to prevail a gold fever. Judging from o number of specimens I have seen exhibited, there seems to be some local cause for it. 1 have seen, | also, on exhibition some curious mineralogical speci- mens from a marble quarry near this place, called by geologists ‘the dendritic formation,” which has a beautiful likeness to the marble o! trees and shrub- bery. The forthcoming report of the State Geolo- gist will doubtless be very interesting. Our Legislature seems to be doing very little just now, except quietly enjoying the “loaves and ‘¢ Gov. Winston proves himself to be o “trump,” an “Old Hickory” genius. He made pretty free use of the veto power against bills for ‘State aid to works of internal improvement, and aleo against a sort of special le; lation which bas got to be a great nuisance to pple and a very heavy tax. He urges upon the Poctateture to dis] ‘with it by general acts, but this they have not chosen to do, and the bills are assed over the Governor's devoted head. The mem- pers had a spicy time of it last week voting for a Supreme Judge. Twenty odd ballotings were had, occupying several days, before a choice was effected. The democratic convention which convened at | Montgomery on the Sth instant, to appoint dele; to the Cincinnati Convention, large and reapect as it was, us something to laugh over. It ‘was com, of old Jefferson democrats, van-guard whigs of other days, State aid and anti-State aid men, and last but not least, by the regular come- outers of the American party. ‘It was a perfect con- eran What name should be given to this ly of hybrids? That was a T—a case outside of common nomenclature. After a very racy dis | enssion of some length, the omnibus name of the | Democratic Anti-Know Nothings was ado] |, and I presume none of the members will backslide on account of the name. perance movement of this State has fair. | ly diedout. Its accredited o: has been discom- tinued. The accamplished editor retired by ing that a temperance man in Alabama would be great curiosity. At one time it was thought thie arty was very strong, but it was soon sw: y other issues. A Youre Lavy 1 The Springfield says:—A of three Shakers from the Enfield (Ct.) settlem @ man, | a woman and a girl of some eighteen were trading at Lg = pag dry goods mare when ano- ther woman and a young man—wor fe people— cape in and spoke to the Shaker girl. They Lory ed to be remonstrating with her and urging r to | Sinea her and ater pug and holig rg " vu er, and, a pulling crepe fee that direction captors and captive were carried on the wings of steam. It seems thie t the; relation of mother and daughter sod brother and sister: that the young woman had been beguiled, by her own weakness or the arts of others, to join the disciples of “ Mother Ann;” and that her relatives who five somewhere to the east of ns, took this me thod to reseue her. The Shakers are not disposed to acquiesce, and two of the patriarchs came to town in the evening to take measures to gat the girt hack,