The New York Herald Newspaper, January 5, 1856, Page 4

4 NEW YGRK HERALD. nn JAMES GORDON BENNETT, @ROPRIBTOR AND EDITOR. OPYAUR 8, W. CORNER OF SASEAU AND FULTON S78. Weedemmme MK... eee eee cee cee eeeeeeeee Ne. 4 AMUSEMENTS THI8 EVEXING. BROADWAY THEATRE, Broadway—Kixo Onsmminc— ‘Dewt Jupen sv Aryassncee, 1Y THEATRE, Bowery—Eaavest Matraavess— aliens BURTON'S THEATRE, Chambers street—New Yan's Pek aid NntkeeBoxton's Nuw Youn DinscroRy Pee WALLACK’S THEAT! Broadway—Boww Dascoons— Po-ca-son-tas—Our ron 4 Hourdar. LAURA KRBNF’S VARIBTIES, Brosdway—MssKs axD Pscme—SFLENDID DiVERTIS“RMENT. WOOD'S MINSTRE:’S, 444 Brosdway—Brmortax Pan- voumsxcss. BUGKLEY’S BURLESQUE OPERA HOUSE, 539 Broad: war buntieers Oran kb Necro Muys rae.sy. BROOKLYN ATHENEUM, Brooklyn—Ersiorias 4xD ‘Bamvsrcnonns’ SOIRER. New York, Saturday, January 5, 1856. Malls for Europe. NEW YORK HERALD—EDITION FOR EUROPE. ‘The Collins mail steamship Pacific, Capt. Ekdridge, will Jeare this port to-day, at noon, fur Daverpoel. ‘Nhe European mails will close im this city at hal -past ten o’cleck this morning. ‘Fae Hunan (pris in English and French) will be abliched at nine o’clock in the morning. Single copies, Se wrappers, sixpence. Sadscriptions and adve: ‘the Wrew York Hurst w ases in Europe:— Lennox —Am. & European Express Co., 17 and 18 Cornhill. Pape do. do. 8 Flace de !a Bourse. Bavenrooi— de. a Baverroc:—John Hunter, 12 Ex 3 ‘The contents of the European of the HeraLp wil embrace the news received Ly mail and telegraph at the office during the psevious week, and to the hour of pablication. isements for any edition ef be received at the follewing Malis for ube Pactfic. TRE NEW YORK HERALD-—CALIFORNIA EDITION. ‘The United States mail steamship ( Momnden, will leave this port this atvernoon at two @edcek, for Aspinwall. . ‘Whe wails for California aud other parte of the Pacific wil alore at one o closk. The New Yore Wexeuxy Here rp— aia edition gemtainivg the latest inte: ‘world, wili be published at eleven o’elock in the mornlag. Sing'e copies, in wrappers, rexdy fwr mailing, sixpeace. Agents will pleave send in their orders as carly as pos- aidle. moe from all parts of the ‘The New either of the steamers due from Europe had made their appearance up to the time our paper was pat to press. The weather at this port and at Hali- fax last night was fine, and the sky clear. The de- tention of the steamers is nudoudtedly attributable to the severe storms that have recently prevailed. The session of the House of Representatives yes- terday procuced no result a3 regards the Speaker- ship. A speech from Mr. Boyce, of South Carolina, im which he expressed the opinion that the Union is burrying to disruption; a couple of novel proposi- tions for overcoming the existing difficulty, which were promptly rejected; and two additional bullot- imgs for Speaker, comprised the bosiness transact- ed. The Senate was not in session. The letter of our Washington correspondent, published elsewhere, contains several extraordinary statements relative to Central American affairs, to which the attention of readers is directed. Col. French is immensely popular at Washington, and hhas received assurance of support from members of Congrese from all quarters of the country. In the New York Senate yesterday a bill was presented to amend the General Banking law as far as relates to bonds and mortgages as a basis for banking. Itis the same as the bill introduced last year providing for a margin of twenty per cent on mortgages deposited by banks. In the Assembly geven additional votes for Speaker were taken, without change in the result. Both branches ad- journed over till Monday. The news from Mexico, published in another eolumn, does nct give a very favorable view of the prospects of Comonfort’s administration. His go- vernment is evidently only one of transition, and will probably soon give place to thatof Almonte. Our raders will find a list of his new cabinet, with a sketch of the antecedents of the men who compose it. Revolutionary movements had taken place in several of the departments, but they had heen easily quelled. Alvarez had left Mexico with his ragged regiment of Pintos, very much to the relief of the imbabitants of that city. Details are giv fa fili- bastering expedition against Mazatlan, uuder the command of a person named Terman; jut the ad- venturers are reported to have been routed without boss by the Mexican troops and people. The Jeader of the expedition and the crews of tie two vessels comprising it had been taken prisoners, and sent to San Blas for safe keeping. We publish this morning a synopsis of the annual report of the Postmaster Genera! ; the re: of the Secretary of the Interior ; also the report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. The firt named treats of ocean postages, and gives the days of depar- ture of the mail steamers during the ensuing yea: the second furnishes a year's history of the iat Bal concerns of the country ; and the third i position of the present condition « against whom 2 vigorous war is just now 1 by government. The free State party of Kansas | nominated Charles Robinson for Governor, Roberts fi Lieut. Governor, and M. M. Delabay for ¢ The election takes place ou the 15th inst. a report from St. Louis to the eilect that 4 Missourians had sacked the printing offi Territorial Reporter, an adi ation paper. Major Farnsworth, who is imp! pd im the filibuster movement, yesterday appeared before ene of the Brooklyn Judges, and gave bonds to answer the charge of assanlt apon Mr. Wm. H. Judge Wells, an antiliquor law dem yesterday elected and inaugurated as ( Maine. in his message to the ‘epi Wells recommends the licensing of the in place of the odions prob The tales of cotton ye 2,200 bales, the market closing firm and of the seller. Medirm and common grades flour were 6jc. per bbl. lower, with o feir amount of sales for export. Wheat was steady, but inactive. A cargo of Virginia white sold at $2 15; a lot of Mis soari do., at $2 20, and asmall parcel of common red Tennesece at $1.90. Corn wae in good demand for export, at steady prices. Mess pork sold at #16 76a $17. Beef and lard were dull. Sugars were steady, witha fairdemand. Among the sales were 18,000 bags Manila, for refining, on private terms. Molasses was firm, at 49c. for New Orleans new, and a sale of 125 hhds. new crop clayed Cuba, the first of the season, was made at 42c. Freights were steady, with mederate engagements. To London there was more offering, and rates closed quite firm; 4s. 6d. wae demanded for flour, and 12d. for grain, To Havre rates were steady, without change in quotations. lezed mre Indge sf liquor, CexeraL Prerce and Jouw P. Hatr—New Hawvenme Loomma Ur.-~-There seems to be about the eame degree of brotherly affsction between Jobn P. Hale and Franklin Pierce, of New Hampehire, as exists ia that cordial spirit ef brotherhood which distinguishes the existing relations between William L. Marcy and Danie) S. Dickinson, of New York. Like Marcy and Dickinson, those two other late amiable brothers in the line, Pierce and Hale, bare Pey hs jurgus NEW YORK HFgaLD, SATURDAY, JANUARY 5, 1856. Dattles together; sed row they @ze, and for some yeare have been, a8 zealously devoted to each other's destruction as Fillmore and Seward. With the election of Gen. Pierce as President, it was thought that Jobn P. Hale had gone down into the very depths of political oblivion; but another turn of the political whee! has earried Hale back again into the Senate, and Pierce to the level of Captain John Tyler as @ candidate fer the seccession. The Senate at Washington were edified the other day with the views of Mr. Hale upon thie point, in his characteristic bluntness of style. He declared that the President’s Message, and the impatience of Mr. Pierce to get it before Congress, might be safely charged to hie desire for ancther term, and his expectations from another National Democratic Convention; but Hale thinks that his late political brother from the Granite hills has no more chance for the Cincinnati nomination than one of the pages of the Senate. And we believe that this is the opinion of almost every man, woman and child in the Union detached from the disbursements of the public treasury. The delusion of Mr. Pierce on this subject is :ransparent, perhaps, even to his courtiers and flunkeys who have inveigled him into this folly. A war with England and Denmark would hardly suffice to turn the democratic current back upon the White House. Our Executive has been be- trayed by his flunkeys. Has he no confidential friend among them hold enough to tell him the truth? It is a shame that they have thus de- ceived him, The Presidential Question—The Februcry National American Counclt at Philadelphia —Decisive Action tts Manifest Policy. On the 22d day of February the conserva- tive American party are to hold their National Council at Philadelphia, appointed for the nomination of their ticket for the Presidency. This assemblage gill therefore be an important one, inasmuch as is designed to lead off with the American nominees in the entries for the sweepstakes of the great Derby day of next Novemt In this view, we publish this moraing from an intelligent Know Nothing at Cincinnati, an earnest appeal for a ticket at this Philadelphia February Council, and in behalf of the selection of “Live Oak George” as the man most availa- ble for the independent organization, policy and purposes of the American pariy. This appeal will be specially interesting, and may be particularly useful at this criais to the dele- gates appointed or to be appointed from the different States to the Philadelphia Council, in enabling them to give stape and consistency, nationality and unity to their transactions. Leaving the letter to speak for itself, and for the favorite candidate of the writer, we have simply a few observations to make touching the policy of the American party upon the question of a nomination or no nomination at this February National Council. Let it here, however, be distiactly understood, that the New York Heraup, in this campaign, will adhere to its uniform independent line of ac- tion, It has not been, is not now, and will not be hereatter, the policy of this journai to be- come the instrument of any mau or any party; but, of the several tickets which may be in the field, that which we shall consider as best adapted to mect the wishes of the solid Ameri- can people, in upholding the constitution and the Union, and in advancing the power, pros- perity and glory of the republic, at home and abroad, will be our ticket for the succession. There are wide differences of opinion exist- ing among the leaders of the American party upon the question of a nomination at this February Council. The friends of “Live Oak George,’ whose minds are made up that an available manis the great desideratum, and that platforms are but scarecrows and hum- bugs, desire the nomination of their candidate at once, because they believe he will at once form the nucleus for the rapid reorganization and nationalization of the party upon a sub- stantial, tangible and living embodiment of their principles. In the extreme South, on the other hand, the Know Nothing leaders and or- gans generally are opposed to a nomination in February, and are for waiting the movements of the democrats and black republicans before taking any decisive steps for the campaign, in the hope that some diversions, accident, inci- dents and Jucky chances may thus occur, which third party may turn to good ad- vantage by stepping in behind and gleaning up the refuse of the field. We incline, how- ever, to the opinion that the true policy of the Know Nothings is to make their nomination at this February Council, and to select a man whore history is not cor:yromised with the corruptions, the schemes, the disappointments pelaying antecedents of any branch of of the old parties of the country—sach will be the representa- the new party, its new 6 and p orm, and its nationality sisteney with fuch a nomination. democrats of Congress have proclaimed the platform of their party for 1856. The porty are rallying tegether upon it through- out the country. The Seward abolition league will meet in a sort of informal general coa- vention at Pittsburg on the 22d of February, at which, we presume, their plan of operations will be sufficiently shaped out to bring all the rags and tags and odds and ends together, representing the implacable abolition end free soil fanaticism of the North. In the meantime. the squabble in Congress for the Speaker has drown the line of demarkation there between the three par- ties concerned, and hos left the conservative national Americans of the House in a rinori- ty fo small that unlees something be done in season to strengthen it, it may be frittercd away between democrats und black republi- cans, together with the party it represents throughout the convtry. To strengthen this minority, then, in Congress, and to give their party nucleus upon which they may rally and organize in al) sections aan distinct, hu mogencous and independent Presidential par ty, we should say thata popular candidate from this February Council is the very best thing that can be done. But there will also be required some radical amendments and excisions of rituals, and con- stitutions, and ceremonials, at this February Council, without which, as the Know Nothing candidate, not even the personal popularity of Gen. Jackson would suffice to compass the formidable task of carrying the Presiden- tial election of next November. Again, if the forty or fifty th nd democrate in thi who have joined the Order, or who have co- operated itin our State elections since 2 man, for example tive. in himself, nust soon assume a ¢ i « ny Ye earied—by Re, cempeaione of the Cala nati Conventioy, pack again into the demo- cratic ragke The dev clopements in Congress show that the vonvervative Americans have not only the &t*.at work to do of a party purification and ‘Yeconstruction, but that in their formal sepa- ration from the black republicans, considera- ble reinforcements will be required from the loose materials of the country before they can reasonably count upon winning the prize of the White House, and its seventy-five millions per annum of public plunder. Is it not than the manifest policy of the conservative Know Nothings to act boldly while these loose mate- rials are still adrift? The task before this Philadelphia Grand Na- tional Council will be difficult and delicate. The results of its deliberations will, perhaps, be decisive of the rapid reconstruction through- out the Union of the party concerned, or ite speedy disintegration and absorption between the two other parties in the field. Secretary Dobbin’s Report—Defence of the Naval Retiring Board. In the annual report of the Secretary of the Navy to the President, Mr Dobbin devotes considerable space to a defence of the Naval Retiring Board. He enters into an elaborate statement of the circumstances under which the bill creating the Board was passed by Con- gress, the general approval which it met with, and the care taken to render the constitution of the ¢ommiseion such as to ensure a fair and impartial result. Although some mistakes and errors of judgment may have been committed, and for which a remedy can be provided, he does not eee fit to recommend the action of any measure of repeal, or any course of pro- ceeding in conflict with the general position of the Board. He expresses his conviction that, in the discharge of their painful and delicate duties, its members were actuated by elevated considerations, and that their aim was truth, impartiality, and the good of the service. And the effect upon the Navy of the chauges which it has effected, he asserts to be already mani- fest in the new impulse and readiness for duty felt in the department. It is pleasant to find so much official satisfac- tion at the results of an inquiry respecting which such strong doubts are entertained else- where. The flippant generalities of Mr. Dob- bin will, however, neither convince the pub- lic that grievous and unnecessary wrong has not been done toa large number of merito- rious officers, or that the Board hae been in all cases actuated by the pure and elevated mo- tives which he claims for it. But admitting, for argument sake, that these acts of injus tice have been committed unintentionally, the Secretary bas laid himself open to serious cen- sure for giving them the sanction of his appro- val. According to the terms of his own in- structions to the Board, he appears to have labored under no misconception of the powers conferred by the act, and therefore cannot jus- tify his conduct by any pretence of that sort. The dutics of the commission he states to be merely of an advisory characier, showing that the act left large powers of discretion to the President in acting upon its recommendations. Where, then, was the necessity or justice of his giving his official sanction to the blunders of the Board, of which he could not plead igno- rance, and of blighting the characters and ruining the professional reputations of the offi- cers who were unfortunately made the victims ofthem. The task which is now imposed on Congress of redressing their grievances, might have been obviated altogether if Mr. Dobbin had understood his duties better, and had had the moral courage to fulfil them, Such a course would have spared the unnecessary dis- grace and agony of mind which the offi¢ial con- firmation of these admitted “ mistakes of judg- ment” has inflicted upon so many deserving officers. With regard to the conduct of the Board it- self, we are by n0 means prepared to coincide in the eulogiums pronounced upon it by the Secretary. The facts that have already tran- spired show clearly that it was guided by no eettled principles in its proceedings, the meaning of the act having been strained in numerous instances to mect the peculiar views ofits members. By the express terms of the bill, the inquiries of the Board were limited to the single question of the inability or incompe- tency of an officer for the discharge of his du- ties. It was manifestly intended by Congre that this incompetency should only be judged of by the Board on the evidence of ceriain notorious mental and physical diequalifications, euch, for instance, as insanity, bodily infirmity, or oldage. Had it been the object of the bill to give the Board power to inquire into charges of misconduct or violations of duty, some pro vision would undoubtedly have been mide to afford the accused parties an opportunity of hearing and rebutting the charges preferred against them. If Congres: meant to confer extensive and arbitary powers os those cd, it would have been acting in expre contravention of the constitution. Besides, by to doing it would bave removed these offences out of the jurisdiction of the regular tribunals appointed to try them, and would have created another not known to or recognized by our laws. In assuming, therefore, the faculty of in- quiring into alleged moral delinqnencies or violations of duty, the Board cle trans- cended its powers, and both in principic and in form violated all thosa constitational guarantees which have been formed to pro- tect the rights and liberties of Am n citi zens. It not only took upon ittelf a jurisdic- tion to which it could assert no claim, but {i thrust aside all those solemn forms of pr dure by which our laws wisely impose a covck upon the mal-administration of j How can it be expected that in presence of such facts, the naval profession or the pu! ould entertain confidence in the decisions of the Board? How much less are they itled to our respect when we find the resulls of there decisions impugned on every side; when we fee numerous evidences of their partiality in the retirement of officers of high moral and professional character, as well as of admitted efficiency, and im the retention on aotiy ice of men notorious for the opposite ties, and who have been frequently visited with the censure of the Department. If, by measures such as these, the service has been reinvigorated and its greater cflicien cy secured, as Mr. Dobbin has the boldness to tell us, we have only to congratulate the country on such easy resulls. Th as a paradox, will, however, upset « oncaived notions of the value of con ce- ir su wo Sosneve Le Wbld MIT yacty, ied oth lis ‘The Report of the Secretary of War. It eppeare that the military force of the United States is larger at the present moment than it has ever been during peace. The authorized strength of the army is 17,867; the Teal strength, 15,752, officers and men. It is moreover the belief of the Secretary that in a few months the entire levy authorized will be on foot: this impression is founded on the fact that during the past year 10,546 men have been enlisted. The chief necessity for this large standing army appears to arise from the mis- management of the government agents who have to deal with the northwestern Indians. The Hudeon’s Bay Company and the other fur companies have actually had their agents living in the territory of these Indians, and bunting year after year on their grounds, and by judicious managemert have contrived to get along without any bloodshed to speak of. But the United States government, as it ap- pears, requires fifteen thousand men to keep the frontier against them, and contrives no better mode of civilizing them than putiing them to death. Such is the progress we have made eince the days of Miles Standish and Jobn Underhill, The report of the Secretary of War is long, and contains much necessary, though un- interesting detail with regard to military operations, buildings, &c. It informs us among other things that camels and drome- daries have been procured for army pur- poses from the East; and that the mann- facture of smooth-bored arms st the na- tional armory has been brought to a close, and that the men are already at work on the grooved weapons. It enters into a long account of the surveys that have been made for a Pacific railroad, and advocates that work with the zeal and warmth that were expected of Mr. Jefferson Davis. That the United States would find it enormously expensive, if, indeed, it were at all possible to keep open a military communication between the Pacific and the Atlantic shores, during a war which excluded them from the sea, is not to be denied; though the cogency of Mr. Davis’ argument, that we ought therefore to build the road at once, is materially weakened, first, by the obvious pa- cific policy of the nation, and secondly, by the imperative necessity under which the people would find themselves to retain or regain, at whatever cost, the command of the sea. The report repeats some of the recommenda- tions of that of last year in relation to officers. Such, for instance, are the suggestions for the establishment of a pension fund, which shal! place the widows of officers of the army on the some footing as those of officers of the navy; and for the increase of the pay of officers. The latter recommendation deserves the immediate atten- tion of Congress. It isa fact that, considering the relative cost of living, &c., the officers of the United States army are worse paid thaa those of any European army. ‘They are worse paid than men of equal attainments in any civil employment. A major in the United States service receives less money, including rations and allowances, than many bookkeepers in Wall or South strect. A lieutenant starves. Hence it follows that no man can afford to be an officer in this country without private means of his own—a state of things than which nothing could be more pre- judicial to the true interests of the Siate; and moreover, that officers, men with families, en- trusted by government with the expenditure of large sums of public money, are exposed to a temptation which it is heroic virtue to resist. The report further recommends that a re- tired list be provided for disabled and super- annuated officers, and that no officer be detached from his corps to serve permanently on the staff. There will be no objection to either of these reforms. But the Secretary should not have estopped here. The greatest existing mis- chief in the army service is the embarrassing effect of the present brevet system. This sys- tem was borrowed from Europe, and has been maintained here in spite of the objections of all sound thinkers, mainly in consequence of the intense conservatism with which all soldiers seem to be imbued. Its effect may be briefly described for the benefit of civiliaus. Promo- tion in the army goes by seniority. The lieutenant cannot become ao captain till some company is vacated by the promotion, death or removal of its captain; and the cap- tain cannot become a major, or the major a licutenant colonel, until, in like manner, a vacancy occurs in these grades. The effect of the seniority plan is to place all officers on a dead level—the man of genius and the dolt, the brave man and the coward. He who lives longest and takes most care of his life rises highest. The absurdity of this was evident long ago in Europe; to remedy it, the brevet invented. The brevet is a promotion in rank, conferred on officers for distinguished services, When a captain, for instance, led a storming party successfully, he was made brevet-major. But asthe European «rmy le- gislators could not make up their minds to forego altogether the convenient s niority slow-coach, they ruled at the same time that brevet :ank should not super- sede or conflict with rank by seniority. Thus 2 captain who for di-tinguished services was made brevet-major might still find himself commanded by @ capta:n whose commission was older than his in date, and for all practi cal purposes the brevet wag, made a mere nul- lity. This patent absurdity we have imported to this country; and many of our army ofiicers cling to it. in his last year’s report Mr. Davis reviewed the question, and there was some hope, as well from the sensible language he used as from his probable freedom from arwy routine proju- dices, that he would this year at least di- reet the attention of Congress to a subject of euch rere importance and delicacy. He bas not done so: aud so far as he is concerned the ridiculous European brevet—which is no- thing but a mockery and a delusion-~is per- petuated in our service, serving no other real porpose but to bar the way for the adoption of a system«f substantial rewards for merit. This is not the only omission in the report. Nothing is said of the military commission cont by this government to the seat of war in Europe. A popular impression prevails in certain quarters that the three American oflicers who composed that commission have been well treated by the Russians, butscurvily received by the Buglish and French. Our ad- viecs lead ns to form a directly contrary opinion. Why has not Mr. Seeretary Davis (ated briefly the facte? | Altogether, this report compares unfavora- Wy with the reporte of the other Departmonts, ore shay Gin Apded ole 'G dade DAVER dua! ysis ah ‘The Postmaster General’s Report. Our readers have not failed to read this im- portant State paper, which we gave yesterday in advance of all our ootemporarics, The facte in {t are more than usually interesting at thie time, when there is so much said on the subject of postal improvements. The Post Of fice department, in one reapect, keeps pace with the business affaiss of the country, and that is, in its expenses, The revenue does not seem to be in a satisfactory state. Mr. Camp- bell vouchsafes a few words on the subject of “franking”—that hydra in the path of the pos- tal Hercules—that Sebastopol in his Crimean campaign. The surgeon’s knife, Mr. Campvell— cut it clean eff; poulticing will not effect a cure; the disease is radical. In speaking of the noble manner in which members of both houses of the British Parliament came forward and gave up the franking privilege in 1840, the Postmaster General commits one great mistake. He says ‘Petitions to Parliament, and Parliamentary documents were allowed to go free.’ This ie not s0; Parliamentary docu- ments are allowed in the mails on the same terms as all other mail matter—by payment of postage—nothing being allowed free in the mails except petitions to Parliament. The Queen of England cannot send or receive a note free of postage, while our members of Con- gress frank and send anything and everything they please, for nine months before their term of office commences, and six months after it bas closed. We need not go through the various items in the report, as they have, ere this, been read by all interested; but there is one part of this document that eoncerns New York very large- Jy, and when we say New York, we include, of course, the entire commercial interests of the country. The Posmaster General seems parti- cularly anxious that Congress should withdraw the extra compensation to the Collins line of steamers. Every merchant and every consumer in the United States is interested in the correspondence between this country and Europe, and it would be much more in ac- cordance with the dignity of Mr. Campbell’s office to have something tosay about more fre- quent mail service across the Atlantic, than to step out of his place to advise Congress on a financial matter that does not come under his jurisdiction. The government owes the Post Office abeut two million dollars more for franked correepondence and documents (esti- mated amount annually $2,500,000) than it pays. When this is paid there is a balance of afew hundred thousand dollars, and this is caused solely by the immense amount of exira labor attendant on our various rates of postage, and the absence of that sim- plicity which forms so prominent a feature in Mr. Rowland Hill’s postal system. Were these added to the income of the Post Office the vast increase that we should at once have were our rates of postage simplified, and if all the matter that now goes free were paid for, instead of there being this doleful financial picture, our Post Office would be a3 prosperous a concern as we have in the country. Here is a solemn leeture and a long face made over a pretended deficit in a department that per- forms all the government transportation of documents, while only about one-fourth of it s paid for; and if the postal service is worth anything to the country, it is worth millions more than it costs. The recommendation to Congress to double he rates of postage on all regular newspapers and periodicals, comes with a rather bad grace from a Postmaster General who has not the courage to advise a discontinuance of frank- ing--a loading of the mails with thousands of tons of documents and speeches, four- fifths of which are of no sort of benefit to any human being. Perhaps Judge Campbell owes the newspaper press some grudge. He calls the low postage rates in the act of August, 1852, a “special privilege” to a “particular class.” What “class” can that be? Of course the class that takes newspapers and periodi- cals, A preity large class, certainly. He cannot for a moment imagine that low post- ages is a boon conferred on the publishers. This postage tax comes out of readers, not pub- lishers. Then how inadequate to meet what he calls the deficit of two millions and a half. The entire amount of postage for printed mat- ter amounts to less than $640,000, and not over $400,000 or $450,000 of this is on regular pa- pers. Double the postage on these, and in- stead of doubling the income, the papers would be taken through expresses and news dealers, and it is doubtful if there would be as mach newspaper postage collected as is now. If there were an actual gain of $400,000 squeezed out of every class of hard working people who live at a distance from the large cities, and who generally take but one, or at most two papers, what a mere drop in the bucket this is as compared to the enormous amount of about two million dollars for franking, which is now saddled on the Post Office. The Post- iaaster General’s wishes cannot be met in this matter of raising the postage, unless he makes out a better case than he has done this year. We bave the important statement that the Collins line of steamers last year brought in in postages, $154,681, being $196,777 more than the year previous. This is very strong evidence of the value of the ser- vices of these magnificent steamers. We are told that the ocean postages on the lines be- tween New York and Boston and Liverpool, is 350,600 less the last fiscal year than the year before. This was to have been expected ina withdrawal of a portion of the Cunard steam- ers, leaving only weekly packets instead of semi-weekly. Were three-quarters of the steamers taken away, leaving only a monthly line, probably three-fourths of the postages would go with them. Mr. Vanderbilt is com- ing before Congress with a proposition to commence a new line of mall steamers to Eu- rope. If any one can sum up the advantages of w frequent intercourse with Europe by {eamers, to our merchants, our immigrants, and to the country at large, we should like o see the figures. If we can have steamer twice a week, or even daily, there will be nearly as many letters by departure of a mail as there is now. Then put the postage down to one-fourth, or one-twelfth the amount that is now charged, and the correspondence with Ireland, Scotland and Germany would bo so great that emigration to this conotry would be doubled. Give us swift steam- ers, enough of them, and reasonable post- age rates; spend half a million less each year in printing documents that are of no value, and our bread, literally “cast upoa ihe waters,’ will “return to ne after + THE LATEST NEWS; BY ELECTRIC AND PRINTING TELEGRAPHS, Nen-Arrival of the Canada. Hauwax, Jan. 6—2 4. M. The right is fine and clear, but up to the present mo- ment there are no signs of the steamship Canada. 4 strong northwest wind prevailr. ws from Kansas. ANOTHER POPULAR OUTBREAK—ANTI-SLAVERY NO- MINATIONS FOR STATE OFFICES. Sr. Louis, Jan. 4, 1856, | A letter published in the St. Louis Democrat, dated Leavenworth, Dec. 28, says the office of the “trritorial Register, an administration paper, was mobbed, the type thrown into the river, and a lot of paper burned. ‘The mob was composed principally of Missourians, The free State party, at their convention, on the 22 of December, nominated Charles Robinsen for Governors. N. ¥. Roberts for Lieutenant Governor; and M. W. Delahay for Congress, The election takes place on the third Tuesday in January. Col. Lane, who was Robin- son’s epponent for the nomination, was defeated by & vote of 55 to 22, GOVERNOR SHANNON ABOUT TO RESIGN. Wastixoron, Jan. 4, 1856. A letter from a staff officer of the free State forces at: Lawrence, Kansas, claims a bloodless triumph ever Gov- ernor Shannon in the recent treaty, they having ylelded no principle at issue. The letter further states that Governor Shannon and Sheriff Jones talk of resigning. if the people of Missouri will not keep quiet and mind their own business, News from Rio Janeiro. STATE OF THE COFFEE TRADE—SHIPPING INTBL* LIGENCE. Bavtimore, Jan. +, 1866, The schooner Lynchburg has arrived here, with Ria dates to the 26th of November. Coffee was duller. Saled of 125,000 bags at 600] decline. The stock was reduced to 120,000 bags. Holders wero firm and asking higher rates at the close. Out of 128,000 bags sold during the previous month, 80,000 were for the United States, at 44700 a 44600, and for good, 41300 a 4/500, Sterling ex- change, 275 per cent premium. Flour drooping. Balti- more $23, and Haxal $23. Left in port for New York, barks Anna, for Philadel- phia; White Cloud, for New York; White Squall, for do.; Fairy, for Philadelphia; and Denmark, for do. Election and Ina ition of Governor of nes AvGusta, Me., Jan. 4, 1866. The Legislature to-day elected Judge Wella, old line democrat, Governor of the State for the current year. He bad eighty-eight votes in the House, and twenty-one in the Senate. The following is the vote:— In Tur Hovse—Mr. Reed, (straight whig) 90; Mr, Wells, (democrat) 88; Mr. Morrill, (republican) 60; Mr, Morse, 46; Mr. Holmes, 9. In THE SevaTe—Mr, Wells, 21; Mr. Reed, 7; ing, 2. Governor Wells was subsequently inaugurated, and sent inhis message to the Legislature. In it he expresses no opinion on the policy of the Nebraska bill, but ac- quieeces in it. He takes strong ground against the liquor law, and recommends a license system. He alsa rebommends the establishment of a Court of Commom Pleas, condemns the Alien and Naturalization laws, an@ the Personal Liberty act. The educational system of the State is alluded to, and some suggestions made as to fur- ther legislation on the subject. He opposes the sale of timber lands unless money is needed; praises the reform school, and advceates improvement in the militia sys- tem. Message ot the Governor of Maryland. urmore, Jan, 4, 1856. sent to the Legisia~ scatters The message of the Governo ture to-day, It treats almov! vely of State affairs, ‘The State finances aro repre. uied as being ina very fa- vorable condition. The total debt of the State is $15,- 182,000, the interest om $5,700,000 of which is paid by the eorpors ions for which that portion of the debt was assumed, leaving the interest on $9,432,000 to be paid by the State. Of this amount, $3,426,000 ie held by the sinking fund. The debt of the State, being (hus entirely under control, can no longer be a source of embarrass- ment. The Governor advises the establiehment of a com- petent publiesdhool system for the State; opposes the reduction of taxes, but recommends the abolishment of the stamp tax. He also densunces secret political asso~ clations, and endorses the Nebraska bill. United States Supreme Court. Washivaroy, Jan. 4, 1856. Case No. 94, William Jones, et. al. plaintiffs, vs, Wm. S. Johnston. Argument was continued by Mr. Scamman for plaintiff, and Messrs. Chase and Lawrence for defeni+ ants, Adjourned to Monday. Navigation of the Ohio Suspended. s Cincinnati, Jan. 4, 1856, The navigation of the Ohio is entirely suspended. The river peiog locked up with ice. The weather here iz in- tensely cold. The Asia Outward Bound. Haurax, Jan. 4, 1856. The royal mail steamship Asia, from Boston, arrived here at 9 o’clock this morning, and railed again shortly afterwards for Liverpool. PHILADELPHIA STOCK BOARD. PHILADELPHIA, Ja. 1858. Stocks steady. Pennsylvania State fives, §23,; Read- ing Railroad, 40; Long Island Railroad, 134; Morris Canal, 13; Pennsylvania Railroad, 43%. PHILADELPHIA IRON MARKET. PHILADBLPHiA, Jan. 4, 1950. The sales of pig iron during the week, for faire de- livery, have been he@y. Holders have advanced their pretensions $1. Stocks are ligat. The sales of the week A sale is reported at Susquehanna of 6,000 tous. Nos, 1,2 and S are offered respectively at $27, $16 and $24. Bars, rails, sheet, plateand nails are firm at our last quotations. Holders anlicipate a brisis spring business. ‘To the Citizens of California. — All discoveries aud invenuons of appro verles aud inventions of approved value as pre- servatlves of health, or remedies for disease, sive rise ndion. tunately, to pernicious counterfeits and imitations, :iie more popular the article the more eagerly its nathe, Its credantialsy its external appearance, are copied by unserupaions knavea, who, ‘sofa hem make capital out of th discoveries . thas been sald that “hypocrisy Is the homage which vice pays to virtue,” and it might with equat truth be remarked that the counterfeits of valuabl od are the tripute pald by poison mongers to practical science. ‘When the pure mecicnal restoraive, now s0 widels bocwen a8 Wolio’s Scheidam aromatic schnapos, was Introduced lo th under the endorsement of four thousand leading the medical profession, some three years ago, ite Tas wel aware bot tt’ eould not wholly escune wand use! safeguard against countertexers, und to render ali attempta to pirate i diticult and dangerovs,. It way submilie d to, Upguished chemists for analysis. ané pronouneed py them the pares: spicit over manufactured. iis purity and propertion ving been thusascertained samples of the article were for- Warded to ln thousand physiciars, including all the leading practitioners in the Unied states, for purposes of experiment, A circular, requesting @ trial of ihe prepa- ration, and «report of the reault, accompan'e't each epestmen Pour thousand of the most eminent m:dical moa in the Union Promptly responded, ‘Their optatons of the article were una- nimously favorable. Buch # preparation, they said, had ome eon wanted by the profession, as no reliance could’ se placed on the ordinary liquors of commerce, all of which were more or lees adn!terated, and therefore unfit for melicinal purposes. The peculiar excellence trength ot the.ol] of ‘univer, wkiele formed one of the principal ingredients of the sebnapa, topes ther with the unalloyed charac.er of the wigolio ie element, gira M1, in the estimation of the fuculty, a marked superiority over ckery other diffusive stimulant diuretic tonic and resto ‘These atistactcry credentials, trom professions! men of t highest mark, were published Io a condensed (orm, and mane e# with earl bottle of Use schnapps, a8 one of the ciarantees adopied—n y copyrighted, « fac shnile of the hatare wes'attached to each label i that of the preparation were emboase) corks were ronled with his ‘olfe’s: Schied nd the label was deposiied as his trade rs State District Court for the Souhern d'e't during that med by mendacions humbnga; his labels ad les have borm frntiated, his edverti<oments parapl “1°ed, cirovinrs cepied, and, Worse than all, dishonorable reta alter disporing of the genuine contents of his bot!les, ave fill them np with common gin, the most dele'orions of ‘ll liquors and thus mede his name ahd brand # cover for poison, “ ‘The public. the medical protession, and the ‘slok, for whom the Schiedarm aromatic schnapps Is’prescribed as’ remedy are equaly Interested with the proprietor in the detec'ion aud tlole, suppression of these nefarious practices, The genni Bavufaciured at the establishment of the tinder: Schiedam, I olland, is distilled from barley of the fue: and flavorod with an esential e= tract ot the berry of Juniper of ynequalled purity. preparation of any ober liq oe ours po ge Jomplaints have been rece Carifor nia, that a large quanti, boxes and'javelled Schiedam that market, to be palmed off vic J have direciod my agent in proceedings againat al engaged in this atrocior dia anh in the is reed from every acrit medicinal exoaitenc that he has expended many ing it with pnarantees and sa howld proieet the pnbile anv I