The New York Herald Newspaper, December 2, 1855, Page 2

reduction wages; more especially an we bebjeve that note wages will pot remedy ibe evil of which our employers complain; and we respectfully sud- mit that short time, ifgenerally adoptod, wond be far Preferable, as regarcs the interests of all parties cou- eerned. course of his speoch the mover of the reso- Woe gia that they had tbat night elicited an ad- mission on the part of employers that in 1563 the men were right, that trade was good, and that the masiers could afford an advance; yet they did not then yield without causing all the tronble and con- fusion consequent upon their forcing the men to ive notice, and some of them actualiy to come ont The men were thereiore justified in doubting now whether trade was so very bad as represented ia support of the proposed redaction; but, even adiuut- ting it to be bad, the trae remedy was short time. ifthe masters wanted to bring the operatives in Manchester Lo the district averages, they should at the same time bring down to that average the cost of Ii ii chester, which was admitted to considerably exceed that of living iu the country, Milk alone ‘in Manchester was 3d per quart, while in the country it wasouly 1d. The speaker urged those on strike not to be deluded by tricks such as the ringing of factory bells or the lighting of the gas in the morning. If they saw straugers going into the mill, they (the turn ont) must contine them- selves to legitimate means in dealing with those strangers. 1t would be [erat legitimate to talk fairly tothem—to say We work there; and we are out against a reduction of our wages.” If they al- Towed themselves to be guilty of riotous or improper. conduct, they would at once lose the sympathy of the public, which was of the greatest importance to them. He wonld appeal to the masters if it was wise to ineur a tyr-ont ata time like this, when provi- sions were high, when we were at war with a power- ful foe, when our relations with other countries were not very satisiactory—was it wise onthe part of those possessing +o much property, at a time like this, to persist in a course which must result in anar- eby and confusion? Were they so insane ag to force the people into the streets at a time when food was ro high that with their present waxes they could not buy enough to eat? Ard it would be seen that the disease was not confined to ove quarter. Notice had been given at Crompsall as well as Manchester, and if the masters succeeded bere, those elsewhere would follow the example (Cheera.) Another operative seconded the motion, and it was carried vnanimously, A resolution was passed to call upon the fine spin- ners to aid in the struggle, and a proposition to hire aprivate plice of business, rather than contiaue meeting at a Lecr house, met with a favorable re- ception, but was left to be settled at the next mect- fe . This concluded the business, Taurspay Evenine, Nov. 15. The hand: the large mills belonging to Messrs. Keunedy & Co., Messrs. Kelly & Gilinour, Messrs. John Clarke Co, Messrs. D. Clarke & Co., and Merars, Sharp's (New Islington mill) have beea out to-day, but bave condacted themselves peaceably. Mesis. Birley & Co.'s workpeople were leayv wok this eveuing, and Messrs. Stirling & Beekton’ notice expe this evening, _ The hunds of Messrs- Barton, Union street, and those of Mes-rs. Wood, Buxton street, are uncer notice. A bread meeting is to be held this evening. [Prem the Lanvon Sosetator, Nov, 13.) The factory hands of Manchester have courmenced an organized agitation to resist the reduction of Wages; a moch more formidable sign than the “dear bread” demonstrations of the day, both because more rea} aud likely to he more extensive. There are mistakes in the first notice of the agitators—such as the presumption that the factory owners seek to reduce wages because the price of the raw material is enharced; a presumption wrong both in fact and in the assumed reasoning. But there is only too stubborn a reality in the conditions which tend to the threatened conflict. The price of cotton goods has been contineusly declining formany years past—de- elining in the face of a continually extending demand. The ove reason is that the power of production can be multiplied more rapidly than the power of consump- tion. If we hud civilized India and Africa, aud opened the exclusive tarifis of Spain and other coun- tries suited to the consumption of cotton goods, the field of consumption would be enormously extended; but those labors of ages, it may be said, have been anticipated by the extension of our producing ma- chinery, on the mere ctation of great markets in India ard Australia. e latest accounts of those represent them as only now recovering elt,” while Manchester and ifs dependencies could produce enough fur the markets were they bare and greedy—far more than enough. This is the canre of that pressure on the masters from which they try to optain relief by trausierring it to the men. The men suggest another course, rather than the reduction of wages—Short ti aud pars reason would seem to be wholly ou their side. Over make being the cause of the pr tion of make is the true remedy course to which the most intelligent and the wealthiest masters would probably inclive. But the difficulties that so often obstruct reason are here grave. Mauy of the masters are not wealthy, some not intelligent. Thiy act together as the men, but they act eepavately when it is a; each oider. As soon as a manufacturer has a 2 capi- tal sunk in his “ plant,” be must keep it pg. To stop entails damuge, and heavy’ repairs a3 well as loss of interest. Like a railroad, the mill must Le worked, if pe le. Well, then, the object becomes one of getting the gr f revenue. Masters of weulth and the advantage, in the long run, in restricting the muke, and living on capital rather than heap glut upon glut. Masters of no wealil, feeling little for cthers, will try to get foremost in a crowded market, Pi will strive to snatch the revenue by being first. Some will inear loss on the ycar’s accouuts so that cash be brought in for pre needs. Hence the modern practice of direct consignmeuts by manufactarers over the head of middlemen. Hence the practic», recenily «rposed in a bankruptcy case, of sales for cash under the market prices. It is the parallel of the leggarly artisan who hurries his work to pledge it. ‘Io past gatibints short time ia a control of their game; and ;erhaps the most pradent manuiacturers are embarrasved by the increased numbers of this class in the entire iraternity. It is most desirable, however, that the masters should act with firmness 48 respects the control over their own condact—with unequivocal fairness towards the wen, since misun dertandings can lead to nothing but mischief; and a peacctul issue out of the real dificulties of the case will be best promoted by cultivating a mutual for- pearance, where cordialily can hardly be expected for cordiality. like confidence, is not a feeling vo: sudden growth. MEMORIAL OF THE OPERATIVES. [rom tre Lonsea Chronicle N Tt was stated that on Sunday it was suggested that a memorial shovld be sent to the principal mas- ters; and that the commitiee, seeing that no time shovid be lost, had (after endeavoring to obtain eounrcl from friends) upon their own responsibility prepared the tcllowing wemorial, which was sent to six of the principal wasters :— MascussreR, Nov, 12, 1855. GexnievEx—We, the selfacting mioders and piecors fm your employ, beg reepectfully to address you, You have Cho ght proper to give us notice of a réetuc fon ia our wages. Before that no'tee expires we beg respectful ly to suggest the expediency ot adopting another course viz, @ temporary redusiton in the ‘ime of working, way from €0 to 40 hours in the werk. We are fully aware that your trede bas generally, been unprofite'i> during the Prevent year, and are quile wiliog to j at in aay measure that may be calculated to «state of thirgs; but we eubmit that a redue fo 4 is nit ove of them. Tt is remarkable that wile you propose to relieve yourselves by a reduction af wages, witeh, how- ever imporian: tons, i+ on'y a small de al of the est of procuetion. you are gifog tea per cou of au advance on in within the last fortnight to the holders of © Live: pool; and, if we may judge by the extent that it can be of iimportanc eer uings rach a small pio tion. Gen lemen, we aubn resent there ix too & prodnetion of yu 1 tio #nall A rtock of cotton in this country, and that ths simplest Plan (ard one most const “wot with com non sen-e) of reme- {ying the present tate of ing, into ddmtulsh he prodae- tien ot the yarn hy redueleg the time of wo king This are quite ready to do, ax regards ourselves; wud, ne enly tslid 0! jection may not be we ploige oar. solver to de al to indnee our fellow work- mo nascolate with their camsters in adopting a cnx 1 we believe to be wixe, hamiae ard offivient for ti eure un if we Hem to exhibit some ts offered reduction. Yeast thonght of In For flour we are 10. Gentlemen, ex- yitience by your thn in every other thing ts the xeiton who d vame of reiuotion! * fostead fla Od; suger 8d instend of 40., and i in propoction. You cannot, therefore, wonder that wo comur t wlue- tion inour wages aud we re-pee'fully ‘ejuest that you will not en t your potice but wages ag they ave. remain, gen ben fully, most respect ‘Toe Sme-scting Mixpens xp Pur rre ix Your bietoy, VISITS TO THE MILL OWNERS, AND THEIR neriins, | {Prom the Loneen Choate, Now. U4 iy The foll wing reports were read at the Manches- ter meeting yesterday:— Messrs, James Kennedy & Co.—The hands had hed no interview with Mr. Kennedy from the tiae the notice was given until Tuesday Mr. Keanedy got one of the memorials from the comm ttee, and, a8 it was understood, intended to wive an answer to it. Four of the deputation went down to him, as re- quested; but when he heard that tne memorial | tprang from the trade committee, he tore it ty nid threw it into the fire. He stated that nt for them aly with respect to the me Tegard to the reduction of wages, there had been no ulteration whatever. oa Meesrs. D. Clark & Co.—Mr. Clark liad sent for the hands on Tuesday, and told them that for a low time he had been losing money, and of course could | not continue it. His brother, Mr. John Clarke, car- ited the statement. One of the men answered Shing was eo high “and thet it would've 2 Detter to | * ar ork sbort time for a litte. | NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, DECEMBER 2, 1855. / One of the mew said that corn and sach like were very Ligh; but Mr. Clurk said that if corn, vege tables, &c., were three times the price they were, it would muke ne difiereuce to the position the tirm were compelled to tuke, He (the speaker) said that by reducing wages the men would Le lowered nearer to brvtes than to Christions, Mr. Clark said that they (the firm) would stand by them Ives, and told them, plump and plain, that it was not a question of markets at oll. but a question of reducing wages. Messrs. Johu Clark & Co.—The overleoker wanted us to go down and see the mester, but we thought it was his place to send for us, if he wanted to see ua, Messrs. Kelly and Gilmour-—They have all come cut, every one of them. We began to come out at three pet Peg as we doffed aud finished the work; at six they wereall out. Another speaker:—the shop's meeting is to come off tomorrow night. Another speaker:—On Tuesday morning, the overlooker said thot a piecer and minder from each room mast go to the manager, and tell him what they intended to do, Theveephed that they wanted to see the mas- ter, to talk and reason with him, so as to see if they could not get him to “ waver” the redaction for a few menths, until it could be seen how trade went op. The manager talked to them, and proceeded to rhow the different prices of other countries, and Low he wag paying 3d to 34d.a thousand more than osher districts. He said that if the hands did not submit to the 2d. a thousand reduction, the mill wovld have to be closed altogether; that if once closed they would not getin very soon wites hintag arcther 1d.; thatwhen the mill was started again i would Le upon another system of work, of which there were severnl—such as doing away witha minder or a ecer, leaving one minder for two pair of frames. { the men did not submit to the reduction the mill might ke closed for months. The men persisted in their wich to eee the master, and when they saw him he come in with one of the memorials in his hand. He (Mr. Gilmour) talked about short time Leing no benefit to the masters in Manchester; for while there were 30,000 bales a week consumed in England, there were orly 3,000 in Manchester; and what geod could short time do on that? “ But,” he raid,“ this isn't exactly the subject. You came to we in 1853, when trade was good—it was very good —fer an advance; J gave it to you, and now I want it back; 2d a thousand is.what I want, andif you don’t submit I shall be like to close the mill.” Then Bir. Gil- mour talked about men in other districts getting more wagesat lower prices; and he said he would go ou up- on any system the men liked, by which igi could get as much a8 the men in those districts, so that he got the 2d. a thonsand, without which he could not carry on, fur it he was to atrike a batance at that moment he was not gaining one fraction. But,he said saw they could come to no conclusion; so they (the men) bad better let the notice run out, an mill be stopped. The men, added the ep , bad all etopped that day, as they doffed; and 2 notice had beer put up that wages would be paid to-morrow (this day). ‘Tbe speaker asked that, ary other of the hands ‘present who recollected the conversations more fully, and could correct or add to what he had seid, would do so; and another speaker made a statement, the most importaut point in which was that the men had told the ma- pager, “plump,” that they would never work an- other “stretch” (or sel) meal time), 80 as to in- creaee their earnings with lower rates of wages. Hanover Mill Company—The manager had been at one or two of the men to mind two pair of trames; but the men said they would have nothing to do with it. There were three in a wheelhouse now; but the manager wanted to do @ with a minder, leaving one minder and four piecers to two pair. The feeling was sach that if the notice was not withdrawn the men would come out to-morrow (this th day). Narre R. Birley & Company—A shop meetin; had been held on Tuesday evening, but there had been no deputation to the master or manager. The men had resolved to cease work to-morrow (this day), unless the notice was withdrawn. On tivist, the master wanted ten per cent off the men, or to have only one minder for two wheelhouses. Ano- ther speaker: There were cightcen pair off them on twist; aud the manager had sent for them and told them tbat the master was deterinined to have the ten r cent and one minder off; they would be able to get the sume then as now. (Several men declared that this was “all correct.”) Anotorn SPraKEt— He has withdrawn the notice to the card-réom and blowing-room hands. (Cries of “It's falee,” and “It’s quite correct.”) We had no notice to-night when we came eway, but what we were to start in the morning. The Cuazan said they could not interfere with those hands. They (those out upon strike) would have to go round, marching arm aud arm just to show their militia. Se) Mersis. Simpson & ‘thompson (Crampsall )—On Tuesday week, a fortnight’s notice was given tor a reduction of 2d per thousand. The speaker gave some long details, contending that the reduction had already Len made, by putting the hands upon picce- work, Inst Wedne: diy, at the lowest, or Warrington price. Whey they got ar advance, it was of Ijd.a thovrand; but the wasters now wanted it back, with 2d. interest. Anotukn Seraker—There was a shop meeting lust Friday night, and we all determined to come out with the rest. ORIGIN OF THE DISPUTE AND AL DISTRUST. [Fre the Lon@on Chi v.15 The di fe which has been proceeding for some time betw the millowners and their workpeople in Manches as at length hardened into a strike The workmen in several mills have already le’t their employment, and others have intimated their deter- mination to act likewise, a8 soon as the work on which they are at present engaged is finished. As yet the stoppage is confined only to eight mills, but there is reason to fear that it will become general over the town; and if a compromise cannot be ef- fected, of which at present we see no symptom, we fear that moch misery is in store for that populous neighborhood. Yet the differences between the employers and eniployed are not of a kind which refuses to admit of con promise. As to the state of the manofacturing interest in Manchester, there is no dispute whatever. ‘Tbe men are as forward as their masters to admit that trade is depressed, that profits are low, that the price of the raw muterial bes increased, and that work in many instances can only be earried on at a logs. Where there is such unanimity in the pre- mises, cne would think there ooght not to be any irreconcilable difference in the conclusions to be de- duced. But, unhappily, the facts of the case are otherwise. The remedy of the employers is to re- duce the wages of the men by a trifle more than the advance they obtuined in the favorable season of 1#53,and which they ha ined ever since The men on the other hand it: hat a redaction of wages is nit at all applicable to@e preseuteiner- ency, Which has its rise in over production, but that the amount of production should be lessened. They therefore propose that the hours of labor should be shortened by one-third, so that the mills should run forty, instead of sixty hour a week, until the belance between supply and demand be Letter adjusted. Uniortunately, neither party can induce the other to come into their views; and the pore eg that accumulation of misery and disaster— a rtrike. In the plea put forth by the workpeople, which, we are hound to state is a fair and temperate and lucidly arranged document, great stress is laid apon the inappropriateness ofa redaction of wages at tho present time, when all the necessaries of life have Heen and are still rishig in p: ‘There is a _me- lancholy force in this appeal whivh cannot fail to find its way to every heart. But, as an argument against a reduction of wages, under the present circumstances, it is nearly worthless, Dear as pro- visions may be, diffieult as it may be to maintata a family in the increasing scarcity of all the necessaries of subsistence, we mistake the independent epirit of the workpeople in our Monvfacturing districts, if they would be willing to accept the charity of their masters to eke out their own scanty earaings, which of courte the receiving of more wages than they were fairly earniug would be equivalent to doing, And the men have cut the ground of any other plea from under their fect by the admission that the present state of manuf turing prefits does not pay. Nor dees it seem that their own remedy for the evils would bear with less hardehip upon themselves than that which the masters propoxe. To diminish the production in Manchester by one-third would of course be to diminish their own earnings by one-third-—a larger amount, by the way, than the reduction ef the masters would produce. We cannot euppose that this view of the case is absent from the minds of the shrewd And intelligent men who chiefly Jed the meeting recently held in Manchester, throngh strangely enough it is ai- together ignored in their addre ses to their fellow. workmen. The snfieriogs whi b the reduction of the masters would entail npon the families of tue workmen were painted in vivid colors; bat not a word was said of the incoavenieuce which would be felt Ly a sudden ond violent diauition of wages to the extent of one-third of thewhole. We wich we could think that in this matter the leaders of the Hike had acted towards their followers with per- fect fuirness and hane: ty. On a calm consideration of the matter, and with all cur sympathies in favor of the workmen, we are constrained to confess we think the remedy [ote - ed by the masters less inj iriour to the men, besides being better adapted the emergency, thin that which the workmen propoee. Tt mst be resol: lected that the di is confined to Manchester alo The veig districts make no reduction—their w in faet the scale to which the Manebe woers propose to reduce those of thei workmie: the country miils there is no dispute; thege will be no rednetion, no shorten- ing of time, and no diminution of production. By the plan of the workpeopie, therefore, the Manches- ter millowners would be simply placed at a disad- a with their country neighbors, who would be only too glad to fill np by increared production the vacuom in the leneas of The mas- rs two days a week ip ters in the town would be irjured—the workpeo weuld be stripped of a third of their uaval earnings, and the object for which all these sacrifices were en- dvied world retke attained. But the truth fs, the eecret of the dispnte lies deeper, and bas its origin, not ina mere difference of Cpinion, bot in @rocted distrust which the men enteriain towards their masters, Their calculation is that it will be easier to return to extended time than it will be to get back hizher wages. The mas- ters, they arrue, would, for their own sakes, put on their mills at full {ime as soon as the returning pros- perity of trade xdmitted. But there is very far aon being the same security that, as soon as the inererted profits will udmit, the masters will re- store the high rate of wages. The workmen have no faith in the readiness of the masters so to attend to their interests, and_ they consider’ themselves to Le Lorne ovt in this distrust by the recollection of what took place in 1853. At that time, while the demand was brisk and profits were high, the workmen naturally asked that ibey should ehare in the general prosperity by hay- ing’an advauce of wages. This the masters teva- cioutly resi-ted— the di:pute between the parties ran high—and it wes not till notice of strike was actually g ven, that the demand of the workpeople was at last conceded. As it was before, they argue, so it will be again. If the rate of wages be once lower ed, the difficulty will be immense of having it raised again. They. therefore, prefer a loss in point of time, which they are sure will not coatinne a day longer than ix necessary, to a diminution in the rate of wages, Which they have no security of again re- covering, except at the risk of a strike. We deeply regret this state of things. Holdin, the masters to Le in the right, we cannot but thial the men upreagonable in their resistance ; and yet we cannot deny that they have in times past had too must cause for distrust. Whatever the masiers may be at ear it cannot be denied that, as a body they have been haughty, exclusive, and over- bearing ; and they are now to reap the penalty of their miedeeds. Jt will be well if the period of ‘trial which beth perties must endure shalj teach them the invalueble leston never denied in theory, and al- moet never adhered to in practice—that as the in- terests of masters and workinen are inseparable, 80 the intercourre between them should be cordial, frank, and confidential. THE HIGH PRICE OF PROVISIONS. [From the Manchester Times, Nov. 17.] With sincere sympathy we desire to address a fo-v words to those of our fellowcitizens who tovk ait in the mecting at the People’s Institute, Hey- 10d street, on Thursday evening last. The object of the mecting was to take into consideration the two following questions:—Why are provisions dear? and why is employment scarce ? The large atteadanve tertified to the interest felt by the operatives in there vital questions, and, though we cannot but dissent from some of the sentiments embodied in | .e resolutions, we Siserfuly acknowledge tie admirable femiper which characterised the whole proceedings We at once admit the facts assumed in the questions just stated. Provisions are dear; employment is scarce; and it behoves us, with the almost serious- nete, to inquire whether these evils adinit of being yemedied, and, if so, what is the remedy we ought to apply. Me chief point raised is the dearness of provi- sions. This is closely related to the other, for when was trade good if the necessaries of life were searce/ Whatever may have been suid in times gone by, we ore now well assvrcd that high prices and high wages do not go together, but just the contrary. The ne- cerearies of lie we must have by some means or other. If they are dear, still they must be procured. We nuust dispense with furniture, clothing, firing and even ebelter, rather than go without bread. This goes far tow Lhienan part the slackneas of employment. Every tather of a family has to expend six, eightor ten ponnds more for bread alone than in eheap seasons, and if we include other necessary articles of suste- nance, the edditioxal outliy is of course much greater. Here, then, we have an extra expenditure of forty or fifty millions in food alone, and this is fo much drawn from the miscellaneous branches of industry, by which one-half of the population earn their living. Notwithstanding the immense extent of our foreign trade, cur home market is almost of equal value, and the high price of provisions diminishes the power of the people toemploy cach other. Forty or fifty millions are withdiawn from the purchace of articles manufac- tured by the epinner, weaver, tailor, shoemaker, carpenter, cabinet maker, and, in fact, all who earn their living, as in this country the vast majority do, by their daily labor. Let the price of Provirions fall, and mouey at once flows into the channels of industry, eetting the people to work, and giving them the means of cheerful competence. Here, then, is one caure of scarce employ ment, but itis not the only one. We are involved in a great wer, which takes away millions of money, and spends it in the purchase of slot and powder, in the equip- ment and suppert of roldiers and sailors, &c. This money yields no profit, and is as truly lost to com- merce as if it were thrown into the sea. But nét pan is it lavished in unprofitable undertakings, its withdrawal Gui trade, threatens our manifac- turers ond merchants with pecuniary embarrass- ment, induces them to limit their operations, ani thus leads at once to diminished employment and low wages. MASS MEETING IN LONDON. THE PEOPLE IN HYDE PARK—DESORIPTION OF THE CROWD—SKIRMISHING WITH THE POLICE—A TURK PELTKD—AND A FLAME KINDLED. {From the London Times, Nov. 4 The disgraceful disturbances in Hyde Park have excceded the pone beyond which any further tole- ration is peesible. There is no longer any question of a political pretext for these Sunday saturnalia. ‘The persons who on the previous Sundays had in- vited their countrymen to assist at a deliberative assembly in Hyde Park for the purpose of con- sidering the gieat question of “prices,” have most ee and wisely withdrawn from the mov: ment. They had the good sense to perceive that, whatever their fancied wrongs might be, it was idle to leck for redress to the event of a riot. We give them credit for even better feelings. Mistaken as we know them to be as to the grounds upon which they found their complaints, it in Dut reasonable to presume them to be a8 much disgusted as their neighbors with the result of the movement which they had impradently set on foot with very different objects. ie meeting in Hyde Park last Sunday was the mere Parliament of rat- fianiem. It was Donnybrook fair in its worst days transferred into the heart of a civilized town. The pickpeckets, and thieves, and vagabonds, and raf Hans of the metropolis tiered together to see what mischief they could do. For several hours on Sunday afternoon the park was in their hands, and they carricd out the high jinks of black- rdism -with all the enthusiasm which iigi.c have been tees from the élite of such u class. Within the rails there was nothing bat fighting and throwing of stones and clods. Any person of re- epectable appearance was instantly attacked by the mobocracy, lor in their eyes respectability, or the base Sppesrence of it, constituted the worst of crimes. Less than a decent coat, even, was consider. ed a sufficient casus belli. One unfortunate man, a Turk, in the costume of his country, was pelted through the park, and was at last only rescued from the mob by the few policemen stationed at the Marble Arch. We think ourselves justified ia making a ti disturbance if we hear that a mob of low Chinere, in the ruburbs of Canton, Lave ill-wed an Englishman who may have strayed so for from the protection of the factory, and yet we permit a set of rvffians to hunt a friendly stranger in a royal ong One would have sipposed that just at he present tyme even the greatest ruffians in London would have abstained from insulting or in- juring any one who wore a Turkish dress. The whole thing was so entirely diggraceful to London, to all actors in the ecene, and to the authorities who could permit such @ disturbance to rage unchecked, that we were almost ashamed to give the iculars Ta cosa ym carta aaa ie 8 pursued by the police last Sund: wat to ivolate the f in Hyde Park. Their calculation seeme to have been that yo long as the rabbie inside c nfined themselves to break- ing each others’ heads, there was no occasion for their interference In one sense this was reasonable enough, for certainly it would be pre pesterous to reign regret for any injuries which boy bave been suffered ty the pack of scoun- drels who went to Hyde Park for the mere purpose cf thot. We are not ‘even sorry for tae persons who mry have been attracted to the spot by motives of idle Rainy They had no busines there at all. and must take the consequences of presenting them relves in a place where their presence could only ted to the confusion. Many persons, however, were velved in the disturbance who had no other in- tention than that of passing through the park along the neval paths: and, doubtless, many were there who were not at all aware of the real state of affaira, There are, however, two reasons why the police should have maintained order, at ‘all events. in the first place, it is not to be borne that ene of the most usual places of resort for the Londoners on the Sundsy afternoon —especially in these short days, When coun- try excursions sre no longer pomible—-shoald be handed ever to the mob. Hyde Park is not a Lear garden or an arena for pugilixts, but a plice of nede for persons of orderly and decent condact. he next place, and presuming for a moment that it was right to leave the rabble to their brutal diver- sions within the enclosure of the park, who could foretell what might have happened had a band of rioters—theit passions inflamed and their hands ready for mischief—broken ont of the park, and made an_ attack upon A district in the neighbor- hood? Principiis obsta ia the golden maxim where amob is conceined. A spark may be stamped ont with the foot, but when the fire has caught the whole building the tark of checking its progress presents far greater difficulties. We know not what force the police may have had in reserve, or whether they were determined to accept the combat in the close streets, which they had refused on the open grovnd; but the experiment of leaving the mob tnehecked was, to say the least, hazardous, and night have heen attended with secious conseqnences tothe property of the neighbors. ‘The mob, as it wes, bed ital their own way in the park, and a y Ger force indecd war visible at any of the gute Yo show the contemptitde nature of the riot len actually opposed, it is sufficient to say that two mounted policemen and a couple of constables were able to maintain order at one of the gates when the crond which iseued from it reemed Lent upon tiying their bands at a littie window-breakiog As yet, happily, no great harm has been dove, and the best course the police can adopt for the future is to muintain order at sit events. 3 _inesine Remeron ber 18) ae esterday, as had genersily been apprehen throughout the week, Hyde awe again the 1cndczvous of an immense con:ourse of people, gieater in number, perhaps, than the mob of the previous Sunday, though esseutially different in charecter; but it is gratifying to be able to state that the duy parsed over without the violence and outrege which reflected such deep disgrace on ali yeties concerned in the riot of the preceding week, and that the measures tuken by the police to pre- vent the repetition of such a raflianly spectacle, and to (maintain the public peave, were completely tri- umjhant. The result is also eatistactory in another peht of view, as pfoving how « dastardly and cow- ardly mob, prone to (iia description of mischief onc jneult when under no kind of restraint, shrank back abathed and disconceited in the presence of a peaceful and temyerate exhibition of constitational power and authority arrayed on the side of public order ard decorum. The great body of the inha- bitarts of the metropolis are henceforword relieved fromthe discredit attaching to the pasitlanimous suy- render of a great place of public resort and healthy receation to the violence of an ill-conditioned and contemptible rabble, and from the scandal which the exhibition of such violence. in the midst of a gicat city and on a day. devoted more than any other to the observance of religious ceremonies, re- flected upon them go long as auch things coutinued to Le permitted and unchecked. The proceedings of yesterday, however, were not altogether free fxem unscemly disorder, and they would still be disgraceful, it one could fancy that the spectacle presented was likely to become chronic. The were only gratifying as indicating a state of transi- tion from a scene of outrage carried on with the mort per'cet impunity, to something like the order and quict which were wont to obtain ii the locality in question; for it would be intolerable if the free enjoyn ent of this place of recreation were ouly to benaintained in future by the constant display of physical force on the part of the authorities, such as was witnesved yester Tetween 2 and 3 0" in the afternoon the crowd Legan to collect in the vicinity of the clninp of trees udway between the Serpentine and the Marble Arch, their asual place of meeting; but it was no- ticeuble ot first that a comparatively small propor- tion of them belonged to the class appropriately called “roughs,” by whom the public peace had been disturbed on the former occasion, the great body of the aeremblage being made up of well dressed and well Lehaved persons, whose curiosity to see what wos going on doubtless exceeded the discretion which should have prompted them to aie away. Fefore that time, however, large Lodics of the police force were in Wg pa of the ground, aud station- ed in companies of about twenty men each, at short intervals from each other. From twenty to thirty well mounted police inspectors were also drawa up in the immediate vicinity of the patrols, preventing in the aggregate an exceediugly formid- able array. By and by the “roughs” began to arrive in greater force than they did in the first instance, and it wae not a little amusing to note the chap- follen end ludicrous expression they assumed when, ou reaching their accustomed railying point, they perceived the extensive preparations that had been made for their reception. This was in no degree lestened when the police cavalry moved slowly from their original position on the outakiits of the crowd into its very midst, and, forming themselves into a tquare with several companies of the constables on foot stationed at thut point, dismounted and stood by tLeir horses. Assuming an attitnde of armed neutrality, so to a oeyespd quietly awaited the first attempt ata breach of the peace. There were at this time no less than from 700 to 800 police offi- cers, mostly selected for the occasion, posted in i po at all the salient points of the enclosure, Letides about 1,000 others kept in reserve at convenient, ee in the neighborhood. The whole force, including about fifty mounted inspectors, was under the command of Captain Labalmondiere arsisted by Superintendents Durkin. Martin, Haynes, O'Biien, Loxton, Brannan, and others. By three o'clock the crowd had become very dense, and it was @ficult to predict what course they would take. One thing was certain--the “ roughs” were com- pletely cowed. They roamed about in little disay point(d groups, without otject and without concert; tome of them, greatly disgusted at the tarn which events hed token, equatted themselves on the graas in twos end threes, and others beguiled the time by caressing the sleek horzes of the police cavalry. The day was exceedingly fine, and the presence of seve- il of the Grenadier Guards off daty, moving about, added a touch of the picturesque to the gathering. At length an incident occurred to break the mono- ony of things. An exccedingly tall man, well nigh seven feet in height, strayed into the thickest of the crowd, accompanied by an elderly lady on his arm. His imposing ‘stature immediately attracted atten- tion, and a crowd of boys surrounded him and fol- lowed in his wake, shouting and laughing, which increased at every step he took. Not anticipating this ovation, he cough. to avoid it by walking slowly towards the Serpentine, but his tormentors were net so willing to part with him. They kept fol- lowing and hooting him for a great distance, until le made his exist from the enclosure. He was a eocd natured fellow, for he stood a great amount of piovecation with scarcely any attempt at retalia- tion; ond it was nota little to the discredit of the yolice force that numbers of them were privy to the tcansaction without making the slightest attempt to protect him cr bis female companion from insult. After this, several little “rows” end skirmishes teck place, but they were soon suppressed. Capt. Labalmondiere was riding about among the crowd throughout the whole of the alternoon, accompanied 1¥. two meunted inspectors, giving instractions te his men. He was once or twice hooted, but this ebulition of feeling was confiued to 2 very, small pait, and that the least ectable, of the peopic present. When the assemblage had arrived at its Climax, and the reffianly element in it was ripe for any kird of mischief, he had reconrse to a movement as clever as it was completely successful. He ordered his cavalry to mount, and kept moving them about in the thickest of the crowd, in two separate troops, during the whole of the afteruoon without inte:mission. The patrols did the same, and by these means the mob was never allowed to form for any Pree of resistance or attack. The gilicers were, of course, jeered and hooted more or lesa while this operation was gving on, but they preserve. their temper in the most admirable manner, neve: once showing the least symptom of revenge, and never, 80 far as we obterved, having occasion to ex- hibit their truncheons. Towards the dusk of th evening one of the cavalry troops moved down to- wards the bridge at the erst end of the Serpentine, ond this had the effect of drawing off in that direc- tion a consideruble part of the crowd, a great por- dion of whom did not return. After that ruse the remainder was aie forany purpose of mischies, acd they gradualiy withdrew from the enclosure, \ut not whoily until night had set in, No greater roof, perhaps, can be adduced to show how complete- ly the “roughs” were cowed and dispirited than the fact thatin the middle of the afternoon, when they mustered inthe strongest force, and would, under otLer circurrstances, have been most ready for vio- lence, a nobleman’s servant, dreseed in cherry color- ed coat and breeches of the same gan me, moved about rmong ihem-~a moet attractive and conspicuous object-—without receiving the least in- sult or molestation. On any of the previous Sun- deys he would have been hunted slmost to deati. Atone part of the afternoon a stump orator tried to collect an audience, but, Mg el only on such pastionless topics as the laws relating to what he called “lend, credit, currency and exchange,” he could not hold them together for more than five or ten minutes. TRIAL OF THE AGITATORS—-THEIR ADDRESSZS TO THE PEOPLE. [From the London Chronicle, Nov. 134 Minerale several persons in custody for disorder ly conduct in Hydepark on Sunday, were brought Vefore Mr. Bingham, at Marlborough street poli. court. Wm. Kimburn was first charged with obstructing the police-in the execution of their duty. hepector Bickerston—I was on duty in Hyde park yesterday. A great number of persons were as roembled- about 4,000 us, I should think. Cap tain Labalmondiere, who had “nag of the police, divided the police into sections, distributing them in vorions parts, to prevent the mob from collecting in numbers. I saw a tall gentleman and an elderl lady in the act of passing across the park wards the directicn of the Magazine barracks. These per- sims were immediately mobbed by a large number of persons, who show! and yelled after them. 1 saw a store thrown at Captain Labalmondiere, and afterwards a cled of dirt in the same dire-tion. 1 also saw a person, who is called the “ Buker,” followed -by a mob of boys who were hailooing and shouting About four o'clock I saw an im rene mob toreing their way towards a particular locality in the park. I saw several blackguards purhing and hoisting persons forward with their rhoulders, I went up to the place, and in forcing my way throvgh the mob, I found the defendant in the act of giving out bills of this description. I collared him and pulled him out of the mob, and was followed by © large number of persons who elled, and called upon the crowd not to let the de- fe nt “y bry yg be aes the excited state of e crowd, ne to remove the defendant from the park, st Mr. Parry—Is that all ? Inspector Bicker+ton—Yes. Mr. Party (to the maginteele)-—t should be glad to be instructed by you how to defend this case, for really 1 am sta loas to know what I am to anawer. Mr. Vingham—The defendant is charged with collecting a crowd by distributing bills in the pack. Mr. Pairy-- Under what act of Parliament? Ipepector Pickerston—Under the 2d and 34 Vic- teria, tece. 63 and 64. ‘The clavrer were read; they were to this effect-— “It shall be lawful for any coustable, and for ail BS rons who he ehall call to bis assistance, to take into custody without a warrant, any person who within view o} any such constable shyll offend in myan- ner against this act, and it shall be Law7ul for any metropcliten constable to take int» custody without 2 aball nd atoning ihe ple ile peese,” fa mi peace,’ Mr Bingham intimated that in his opinion the de- fercant came within the eae of the last por- tion of the (4th clause—disorderly persons disturb- ing the public peace.” ° gh Mr. Leadley, the chief clerk, read the bill in ques- ton. It was headed, in large letters— BETRAYAL OF ENGLAND. ‘The particulars of the wovewent now going on in the Midland, Western and Northern couv'i+s of knglend, in which Davia Urquhart (very tage capitals) is ex laining he crimes of the English government, and its betray + «f this country to Rursia. will for the future pub. thed weebly in the Free Press, published’ by Holyoke & ©., Fleet sieet; price 2d. Mr. Parry said:--With respect to these Sunday ssemblages in the park, none can be more coa- inced than 1 am that they are a public nuisance, nd ought not to be tolerated. But I have a duty © perform to those who have instructed me—the ublishers of this gabon nend, though the defundant may have been indiecreet in distributing the pills, f connet yet find that he has done anythiig illegal. Mr. Bingham—On the facts of the case as bronght before me, and considering the kind of assemblage in Hyde park last ee I consider it was highly indisercet on the part of the defendant to distrioute his bills, and Lentertain no doubt whatever that he was aypreheuded properly by the police asa dis- turber of the public peace,inasmuch as he was distri- Luting among the crowd a seditious and libelloas, handbill. In this view of the law Iam borue out by Lords Holt and Ellenborough. The paper distri- tuted by the defendant there is no doubt a paper tending to bring into discredit the goverament of | the courtry, and if this’ paper had been issued by a rerson cf importance, or in any way to be feared, I thculd have sent the disturber at once for trial to the | waster Sestions. But I cannot be ignorant of all thut has Leen going on in public places for these last fifteen or twenty years, aud unless my me- mory fails me the individual named in this bill as being. busy explaining the crimes of the Engli-h government has been for a Tong period laboring under an hallucination or mona- mania about our relations with Russia, so that in the end he bas set everybody asleep perron as a personin no way to be feared, and [ therefore shall not visit the offence of the defeadant, Lis egent, too severely; for those who read the pub- lic payers will know by this time enough of Mr. Urquhart and his hobby to be heartily sick of both. But then there area great number of ruffians who do not 1ead the papers, and who do not know Mr. Unguhart and his hobby, ag well as those who will be fa to believe, as eet forth in these handbills, that government has been guilty of high crimes and inisdemeanors, and who will thereupon set them- sclves up as a sors of Hyde park parliament to settle mattrs in their own way. I think it therefore to be get he y to visit the case with a fine of £3 Tr. Yarry—-Will you make the fine sufficient in amount to enable the defendant to appeal? Mr. Bingham:—I fine the defendant £3 and a shil- ling; that amount I think will do. THE RURAL POPULATION OF ENGLAND—WHAT THEY LOOK LIKE. [From the North British Keview for November.] * * at * * Have we not come upon & sory paradise of raral sechusion? is it not a spot to be chosen by those who are intending to while away existence among the never-tiring sweets of a country life? But let us step on a little wuy, and overtake the group of chil- dien that is just now crossing the common. Alas! —yet should we not refrain from expressing the ad Solna which the firstesight of these infant sha- dows has awakened ?—feelings heightened by con- trast; for lately we were waking our way through a fourth class street, where the prime necessities of life are amply provided for. Besides, if we look a tecond time at these shrunken forms—such is the beneficence of the Crcator--we see that child- hood will have its smiles, its laugh, its gombols, under conditions even the most. forlorn, Moreover, there is, notwithstanding that famnished, watery lock—there is, taking the group altogether — theie is an air of pure rusticit, there is an inno- cence, compmatively,and a modest propriety—there is & sespectiulness jn their style aud deportment which is greatly in their tavor; when thought of in comperison with the bold unreverential sauciness of the infant Herculeses of manufacturing towns. Bat look at there unfortunates— the infant serfs of a ne- gle:ted rural district! Look at them physiologically hscive their lank, colorless hair, screening the upken eye, and tra'lirg upon the bony neck ; look st the hollow cheeks, the caudlelike arms, and the unmus:ular shavks which serve the young urchins for legs! But are not these children breathing a Lod atmosphere? Are they not natare’s own? (es, but there is one thing wanting to them—cue ominous word clears up the smymary Starvation ! Not, indeed, such starvation as brings the sorrows of a sad Jot toa speedy end, but such as drags ita peng eee ings out, through the overshadowed years of childhood and youth—throvgh those soasmodic years of man- hood during which the etruggle to exist wears an as- pect of rugged mF and 1 through that residue ofearly decrepitude, haggard, bent, idiot-like, which is indecd an unbleseed end of an unblessed existence. This rural lation does pretty well if the father be able-bodied and sober, snd the mother managing, through the summer reasen of wheat-hocing, hay- making, and wheat harvest; that is to say, when the labor of the mother and her children comes in to swell a little the weekly wage. During these weeks something of needed clothing is obtained—rent is paid tp. and @ pittance of animal food, weekly, is added to the bread, and the tea, and the potato of the seven months’ diet. It would be doing a wrong to our worthy farmer friends, und to the raral spor bg gentry, to affirm tnat these miserables are actually dying of want; no, they are not dying, 80 as inguests must be held’ before they may be buried: would to God they were: they are the liv- ing: they are living to show what extremities men, women aud children may endure, and yet not die— or what they hold to be worse—not to betake them- telves to “the Union!” Bat how do these same men, women and children, pass five months of the inn Gladly would one find them curled round ke hedgehogs, and hyhernating in hollow trees, or in rabbit burrows— We t to consciousness ! should, indeed, count it a miracle if, on aa May | morning, we wire to ree a group of human bein, start up elive from the sward, aloug with the me gies ond the cowslips. But, is it much less than a miracle to ree the people of a depressed rural district stepping alive cut of the winter months? * * * e instances are extremely rare in which those who were born to the soil, and destined to the plough, rise above theirnative level. Such instan- cer—two, three, or five- might be hunted up, if an agricultural county were ransacked for the purpose; but tle egricultural laborer, even if he had the brain and the ambition requisite, and if otherwise he could effect it, would seldom pring with him that which the social mass into which he might rise ex pee, needs. nameiy, a fully developed and robust jv. Meantime what is it that is taking place in hundreds of instances, and every day, throughout the entire area of the manufacturing region? Men, well put together, and with plenty of boue, and nerve and brain, using with an intense ardor those opportu- nitics of advancement which abound in these spheres of enterprise and of prosperous achievement —euch Men are found to Making themselves heard of among their betters—are seen well dressed be- fore they reconcile themselves to the wearing of he ae by rapid advances they are winning for iherorelves a place in society—a place which indeed they well deserve, and there they are doing what they had not thought of—they are regeuerat the mass Within which they have been received. Movements of the Armies at Seba A THE EXPECTED ATTACK ON THE ALLIED LInes. [Comp (Nov. 3) Correspondence of London Cimes.| Yesterday afternoon a younker, or cadet, who, accerding fo his own account, was for some sligitt offence taken from his regiment, and attached, as a putichment, to the Cossacks, came over to ua, aud, am ong other valuable information, brought the news ‘hat the Ruseian army of the Crimea, about 70,000 men, had received orders, and was preparing to attack cur lines, especially our right, from Tchorgoun to ibe extreme right, on the 6to or 7th of this month; and if the attack ehould uot succeed, the army had orders to evacuate the Crimea, and to take up its osition at Kherson and Nicholaieff. According to he accounts of the younker, who seems to be mar- vellovsly well informed of every , the prepara- tions for this retreat are already mode. The heavy position guns which were in the batteries on the Nackenzie heights have been removed, and replaced ly others of lighter calibre. The heavy baggage Las likewise gone. So bere we are, two months afterthe fall of Se- tartopol, ee gy etch for the winter under an ap prekersion of a Russian attack! The fact speaks or iteelf. A vietorions army, which has driven oat the enemy from the stron, behind which cldiers ever fonght—an army which is as nume- rous, if not more so, than when it gained this vieto- ry is reduced to defend itself against the va: hed arry. The attack ma: oe Pant the eg ‘spo ble, Shanty of i cant anf the attack had actually taken place; I i the judgment on our “ operations” during the last I consider such a | two months. We have left the enemy time recover from the efie-ts of their retreat, and two. months of undisturbed rest is quite sufficient for a Rassian army to repair any reraines in the fect machinery of their mili eng owe ipline. ‘they have es well as we ourselves ‘relieved from the borrassing treneh work which “{ upon them such sacrifices, and, not Being pressed from any ide, there is nothing to vent them from making an attack, if enter into their plan of operations. It more difficult to understand why they should forsake their advintageous defensive position, and evarything on the slight chances of a successful. attack. It is a-well known fact in Russian mil i y thet her success in arws has always been ; to the perreverance and tenacity with which she ted ont her adversaries rather than to any brilliant acts of daring; and whenever she attempted: any of the latter rhe nearly always failed. She gains ber point by the weakness of her opponents, and not by her own sirengt!. The present war con- firms this fully. Qn the Danube she kept the whole Turkish ara at bay with a considerably inferior vut wheu she tried the offensive by Yeaieging Silistyia her srmies were unable to overcome a handful of Arabs and Arnout Irregulars. In:the Crimea the Russian army, notwithstanding its re- peated eflorts, coud never pain back an inch of we which it had ouce lost. Even reoeut events i Asi army w i reemcd lost, aud orte may say it has been ved by the Russian attack. It.would be wonderful if the Russian generals, who have formed the mili system of the empire, were not aware of its stren; and weakners; and if, instead of profiting by our wits, they should think of com:nitting themselves to ove which may be fatal to them, they must have entirely forgotten the maxim of Peter the Great, who, after the disastrous battle of Narva, consoled himeelf with the idea that it woald be the faults of the Swedes which would teach him how to win—an idea fully realized by the battle of Pultowa. Besides this, the source trom whica the informa- tion about an impending attack comes seems'to be furpicious. The younker, as I have said, is marvel- lously well informed about everything which the Rueslans intend to do; this is the more sutprising ae. he formed part of the most advanced Cossack posta, who can know less about the moveents of the army than the little the troops in the rear m: ra ther from what they ree. If one adds to this the slight cause which be gives for his desertion— vau ely, his punishment to serve for a time with the Coesucks, in courequence of a love affair one can- net help doubting the in(ormation whieh he brought. Bat, even while doubting, ene cannot help, now that the anpiehene mofan attack hus been again evoked, looking at the Russian line with more iate- rest than usa), and fixing one's atteati n even on comparatively slight signs of life on that side, which. one would heve scarcely remarked at other times. Thus for the last two days, bat especially yesterday, the Russians have been burning the farze on the Mackenzie ridge; it may have becn an accident, bat the line of fire seemed too rexulor not to suggest the idea thot it was by design that it took place. The Tebouliou valley is: swarming with Cossacks. They are bkewixe more, numerous on all the hil's about Apuand Ozembash. A party, of the Quartermaster- General's Department which were out sketching the day before brad was hindered by them from finishing their work. Up to Taesday the whole camp turned out every morning before daybreak, in consequence of the rumors of an attack which arose some time ago; it has been countermanded since; now I suppose ft will be again taken up. & Territorial Aggression of Earope—Why Eng jan ot Oppose it Ore [Fro London Tinea, Noy. 15.3 The continual and rapid growth of the Russian empiie, uorth, south, east and west, for a centary aud a half, has been described ae the most fact cf modern times But there is another fact equally strange and portentous, and that is the con- tinual state of passive ap reheusion in the face of which this growth has taken place. Europe has not slept; she has not been hoodwinked; has not been deceived; nor bas hers been an indefinite alam. Asina trance, with her eyes open, bat her hands tied, she has ceen Rus-ia advancing upon her neayer and nearer, ta and larger; occupyin; more und more space in the Eastern horizon; 8) - ing her wings from the Arctic civele to the southern shores of the Euxine, and penetrating into the very aged the Conticent. Et jurope has known before- d every step of this progress. There never was a time since the days of Peter the Great in which the whole game of aggrandize- ment and. the next move in it were not obvious to all reasonable men. It only so happens that the opportunity of posiensing what everybody foreraw has never yet occurred. On the other shard, there has becn a remarkable series of occa- sions when the embroilment of Europe, or some more present danger, gave Russia the opportunity or doing that which a jew ears beto i Biwope probably have banded to prohimt. We have before us # pamphlet by no ordinary hand, which shows that inthe year 1791, on the very eve of the Freach re- vekition, Russia precented just the same aspect to Englich vigilance as she did in 1563. Yes, aixty- four years ago our more observant politicians saw and denounced ber restless ambition, her anscrapu- louss policy, her s1t of profiting by the divisions of her neighbors, her sudden profters of friendship bleh 80 was to be served, her subsequeat treacheries, and the rapid strides by which she was ever edvancing. Her cherished schemes bad even then been all unmasked—her de- sign tf& cloee the Baltic and the Black fea; to wind round into the Scandinavian peninsula; to occupy the shores of the Bosphorus; to command the trade of the Levant and the overland pagssge to India; to embrace both Europe and Asia ia her fatal grasp, and so become the mistreas of the world. All this was then joreseen, and much of it bas since Leen accoinplished in the very face of our foreknewledye. Divided among ourselves, engaged in a war of principles, alarmed by revolution, amused by social changes, pursuing schemes of commercial pelicy, and flattering ourselves with the hopes of a speedy nillennium, we have gazed with idle wonder at a giant power which witnout divisions, without change, without principles, wilhont progress, with- out opinion, without heart or soul -with nothing but one simple idea of universal dominiun—grew every day, and spread the net, and dig the pit, and accumulated the etores for the conquest of the world. The pamphlet to which we reier was directea againet “the principle which some gentlemen of lute had labored to establish, that peace can and ovght to be preserved under all possible circam- ttances;” and the particular o¢-asion which elicited it was the report that Sweden aud Denmark had been persuaded to defend the eutrance of the Baltic while the arms of Kus-ia drove the Turks into Avia. The writer points out, what events have since verified, and what has boa now a paiticalar application, that the two nations commanding the extrarce to the Baltic, formed, as it were, by nature to prescribe bounds to the ambition of Russia, at least, on one tide of her extensive em who cught to be securities to the reat of Burope for her good behavior—had repeutedly felt the effects of her power, had the most to apprehend from it, and knew how litle they could count on her equity end mcderation. England bervelé had frequently experienced the precario.s ature of Russan friendship, and knew cot what to expect from her. but what made the Lovie! deaf to all warn- ings against her ambition was the old idea that Russia was au ancient and natural ally, and the unhappy circaxstance that Englishmen could ovly iwagine one war, aud that was with the Howre of Bourbow in France and Spain. The jemphieteer, indeed, though otherwise sagacions enough, ein Of this latter delusion, and only argucd thet Tussia. on the au ition of her inendship, was not likely to help us very effec- tually against the then immense fle ta of those two countries. As to Russia being an ancient and nata- ral ally, he euys, “ If the antiquity of all \nces is an argument for preserving them, the Tark has a prior Claim to the Muecovite to our friendship; and this claim is strengthened by the consideration that he is the only Power in Europe with whom we have uever beeu in hostility, not even through the check- ered and collateral ineans of alliances with other States.” The designs of Russia he descibes, be it ob- served, sixty-four years ago, in the very terms with which we are now too fainiliar:—* A spirit of conquest has uniformly marked the con- dvet of Eussia since Peter the Great laid the feundation of that reatoess = which threetens to overwhelm us. othing less thao the full poreession of Constantinople and the Black fea at least will fy her inordinate ambition. Jn poesersion of the Euzire at one extremity of Butope, and the Haltic at the other, she will encircle the fair- cet ard Lest cultivated portion of the globe.” Sothe writer justly says:—"The sole question to be consi- cered is how far itis consistent with the safety of the British government to jit the Russians to ex- tinguish the Turkish em and establish their do- inirion on the Bosphorns ” The consequences of a dominion #0 established he follows out without any ext avogence, as it appears to us, to the occupation af Egypt, the possession of the Red Sea, and the ul- timete supremacy of Russia in the East Her de- signs upon Finland, since accomplished, the author treats in the same way, and remarks excite a moet painful regret that ‘there was no one to protest egsinet the setual annexation of that province as os vigorensly and successfelly as in 1743, when the King of Prussia met the ile tions of the Crar with a remonstrance by the threat of 150,000 men. Then, as now, the writer had to meet the objec- tions, alread: that Russia was geographically “unattac 3° that a war with her would ve us of tallow and other raw , and cut off a market for our own manufactures; and that Rusaia had a species of right to enlarge her borders weaker neighbors, which right we had no - restrict till we found ourselves attack. He argued, as haa