The New York Herald Newspaper, July 9, 1855, Page 4

PE ana) ‘ 4 NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, JULY 9, 1855. e NEW YORK HERALD. — JAMES GORDON BENNETT, PROPRIETOR AND EDITOR. @U VICE N. W. CORNER OF NASSAU AND FULTON 6TS, day. at ng conte neha pret our copy, oF $3 per onnues; the Muropena cittion bho ne, Ser foamy port of Great Britain er $0to any part of the tinent, th to include postage, ALL LETTERS by Mail for Subscriptions or with A iver- nts to st paid, or the postage will be deducted from saney rome ee... A mabemmead executed with neatness, cheapness, and ¥ ¢ abi BR: TISEMENTS renewedevery day. “AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING, a BROADWAY THEATRE, broadway Law ror Laores =Reoontxcrions or O'FLANNIGAY AND THE Panixe— Beun Lion OEE THEATRE, Bowery—Ganter—Kare Kear- NIBLO’S GARDEN, Brosdway—Quvaen or a Day. BURTON’S THEATRE. Chamber's street—dis Last Less— Fann @ Mixsrre, Wivow’s Victim—Nix wus Canmai WOOD'S MINSTRELS Moohanion’ Hall—472 Broadway. New York, Monday, July 9, 1853. The fews. The news from Central America, recstvad by the Northern Light, is of a higuly interest img and exciting character. Affairs sttll conti- wed in a disordered sta‘e. Colonel Walker and hie party from San Francisco landed at Realejo wome weeks since; after an interview with the eommander of the Castelion forces, who adied two hundred men to his force, it is stated that m the morning of the 28th ult. he assaulted and took Rivas, and that on the following night he took San Juan del Sur without resistance. One of eur correspondents at Virgin Bay, in a postacript to his letter, says thet Ccl. Walker had been de- Seated, but a gentleman who came passenger in the Northern Light states that the report is prematare, end that no iotelligence of Col. Walktr’s defeat had been received when the Northern Lightsailed. The British abip-ot-war Bazzard was at San Juan or Greytown, protecting the Mosquito flag. Toe Hon. J. H. Wheeler, U.S, Minister to Nisa- Yagua, came passenger in the s camship Northern Light, He is eaid to be the bearer of t wo important treaties between this country and Nicaragua. ‘The steamship Northern Light arrived iaxt evan. fag, bringing us the details of tho news from Cuali- fornia, which was annoanced by telegraph yestor @ay morning. We give the ps lars of the con- flagration in Aubura, whic1 has nearly swo.t away ‘that enterprising and prosperous town of ths mines. ‘Phe entire losa is estimated at a quarter ofa million ef dollars. A fire bad also occurred tn San Fran. isco, which destroyed property to the value of forty-five thousand dollars; but as it burned out s portion of the city which is represented aa the re- sort of thieves and sssassine, sad the nurasries and ‘workebops of crime, the loss is not much regretted. ‘The Northern Light has brought eight hundred and twenty-nine thousand dollars in gold dast, whish is eousiderab‘e of an increase ever the previous ship- menta by that line. The mines are represented as yielding plenty of go's to the diggers ia every part of the State, and ail classes of miners are doing bet ter than they have ever before done in any period in California. If this be truce, we may soon expect wary large shipments. Business was far from being or prosperous; bat in conssqaeace of the pai prosperity of the mines,a@ better feeling prevailed among the merchants. The moat imvor- ‘tant news is the confirmation by the Board of United States Land Commissioners of the claim of James BR. Bolton, which embraces thirteen thousand five funored acres of land in the most eligible part of ‘Ban Francisco, which is estimated to be worth forty millions of dollars. Mosars. Palmer, Cook & Co- own the greatest part of the claim. From Oregon, we learn that Gen. Joseph Lane hhas been re-elected delegate to Congress over Gen. Gaixes, bis whig competitor. By the Northern Light we have dates from the Sandwich Islands to the 17th May. The French frigate La Forte, and the English frigate Amphytrite anivechst Honolulu on the 10th of May, enroute tor the 4 esr settlements in Kamschatka, The Le- gisle 7re of Hawaii was in session, and had passeda pew tariff act , the usefulnessof which,the Vew Era mays, ia marred by the chaotic distribution of its @eiails. Theatricals in Honolulu appear to ba in a ficurisking condition. ~ A correspondent in Cuba, writing on Jane 27th, ‘rows cut seme important suggestions to the gov- exnment and people on the subject of the late a tempt of the Spanish authorities to redace our Con- #n'e in that island to the position o° mers commercial ageots. It ia shown that this act is direct viola~ tion of treaty, and if carried ont wiil affect the in- terests Gf Americans most injutiously, The letter Gererves attextion. From the Belize (Honduras), under date of Jane ‘ist, we learn that the local trade was still dail, but that large shipmenia of indigo and cochinca! had teken place, and that the reports from the iwterior were satisfactory. The public school ‘gyetem wae working well,and some now government Duiktings were peing put ap. Some executive official changes, aud a new appointment in the ministry of the established ch arch, had taken place. ‘The approach to a pro-Rusaisn sentiment ia the United States had cvoked a little feeling on the other side. The ‘‘spoils system” was as work in the Legislature. The weather was wet and stormy. Areport prevailed to the effect that the yellow fever had appeared, but it was not confi-med. Advices from Bro neville, (Texas) dated on 24th June, confirm the report that the revolution against Santa Anpa had becoms truly formidable, and it wes confidently expvcied thet his resources could not jong uphold him sgainst the patriotis efforts for diberation which wese commenced in Monterey: The, government troops stationed in Mier and Guerrero had abandoned both places to General Caraveja!, who had crossed over from Tcxasand wad followed by General Garza and other leaders. Mejor Porter, commanding at Foit Brown, had made an unsuccessful effert to captare some of the imsurgents. Two thousand men had beon left to garrison Monterey, and a detachment was sent ‘out to occupy the mountain passes and attack any of the government troops they could find near. Cardenas, one of Santa Anna’s commanders, had broken his parole, and associated himself with the Beminole chief “ Wild Cat.” General Woll still resided at Matamoros. It was ramored that Tampi- ‘eo had revolted against the dictator. The United Staies District Court was ia session in Brownsville, which city was improvicg. Trade was dull, but the river ravigation was excellens. By the mails from Utah Territory we learn thet @taeshoppers were doing creat damage to the crops ef the Saints, and in some iastances had destroyed whole flelds of grain. Brigham Young, attended Dy several of the faithfal, had gone ona tour to the southern settlements, taking with him an Indian interpreter, for the purpose of holding “talks’’ with the Indians on the route. We publish a number of interesting letters from populsr watering places in to day's paper. The hot weather last week gave a great impetus to summer travel, and railroads, steamboats, &c., have been doing an immetse business during the past ten days. ‘The Chevalier Wikoff had an mterview with Mr Gecretary Marcy on Saturday last. An interesting eccount of the interview will be found in oor ape- eial despatch from Wasbiogton this morning. Backiogham Smith, Sesretary of Legation at My évid, in place of Mr. Perry, will leave this city in A4he Baltic on Wednesdoy. A amapbe account of the trouble in the Know Noting’ State Council of Pennsyivanis, re cently Delt in Reading, from a correspoa dent at th place, will be found among our pouliead inten “ence today, A correspondent at Philace'pbia gives the names of the gentlemen who seceded from the P«noaylvasia State Council: when the resolution culling a conventioa at Cincia- Rati on the 8'h of January was introduced. Tho whea’ harvest in Ohio has been progressing for 8 work under remark»bly favorable weatrer, Tie crop is ssid tobe abundant beyond ex>ectation, and ‘he grain to be of a very superior quality. About fifty arres's were made in this city yeater- dey for alleged violations of the Prohibitory Jaw. ‘Under the new law there appears to be no diminn- tion in the arrests for excesive drinking; and a3 most of those arrested are unable or unw'l ing to pay the fine imposed, they are imprisoned for tea days, which, in @ very short time, must fill our prisons with this unfortunste class of offenders. A new yacht, named the Grace, sunk fn the N ar Tows yesterday, precipitating a perty of five per. sons into the water. Turee of the men were drowsed, and the other two resmed. A full account of this melancholy affait wil! be found elsewhere. The Fire Marshal’s investigation, in another oo- ump, shows a bold attempt of an incendiary, on Saturday right, to burn the premises Noe. 38 and 40 Reade street. An Italian named Bartholomew Castellotti was arrested yeaterday on suspicion of being guilty of the offance. In the First District Court in this city there have been tried during the past week one hacired and fifty civil actions, averaging 25 for each jadicial day. Cotton so.d on Saturday to the extent of about 600 bales, at a decline of about jc. per Ib. There ware ssid to be buyers at 10c. a 10}:., while holders demanded 104c. for middling uplands. Small lots were reported at l0jc., while it was refused for large lots. Common grades of flour continued firm. Michigan white wheat sold at $242. Indian corn 8 closed easier, Western m'xed sound at 91c. and yellow at 96c. Pork continued buoyant and closed at firmer rates. To Liverpool 2,000 bales ef cotton, compressed, were engaged at 3-16d., and 18,000 bushels of corn at 3c. a 4}c., in bulk and bags. Soule’s Mission to Spaln—Hts Splendid Pro- gramme—American Balance of Power— Marcy’s Treachery and fr. Pierce’s Imbe~ city, The forthcoming history, by Hon. Pierre Soulé, of his unfortunate mission to Spain, will, we have evcry reason to believe, throw a flood cf light upon the mysteries of this enterprise, which neither our well informed Eoropean let- ter writers, nor our Washington reporters, nor the official correspondence communicated to Congress by Marcy, have satisfactorily cleared up. In the meantime, from our latest informa- tion upon the subject, it appears that Soulé, as one of Mr. Pierce’s European diplomats, had a far higher object in view than the simple acqui- sition of the island of Cuba; and this object, the reasons for it, and the causes of its defeat, a very few words will suffice to explain. First, Mr. Soulé considered himself the repre- sentative of a new, positive and progressive democratic administration. He believed that President Pierce had laid down in his inaugural address the exact outlines of both his foreign and domestic policy—that these outlines would be filled up by such active measures, diploma- tic, legielative and executive, as circumstances might demand; and he also believed that this policy of the inaugural comprehended a new system of American dipiomacy in Europe, looking to that general recogni- tion of the greatness and practical power of this republic on the Continent, which the royal courts of Europe have so perseveriugly and consistently sought to deny this “popular monster of America.” To attract the attention of these royal courts to the subject of American diplomacy, it was necessary, first, to create a eensation upon some definite object of universal interest; and, secondly, to shape out from the rival powers of the East such incidental diplo- matic alliances as would secure an American balance of power in the West. £ntertaining these ideas in connection with Mr. Pierce’s inaugural, and from certain free and repeated official conversations with the Exe- cutive, Mr. Soulé accepted, and prepared to fulfil his mission to Spain, under the new demo- cratic programme. If he mistook the surly silence of Marcy upon the subject for his acquiescence anfconsent, it must be admitted that our ex-ambassador has paid the penalty of his folly, in being resisted by the Siate Depart- ment at every tarn, and in being finally over- thrown by the most smooth-faced double deal- ing and duplicity. Confident, however, that all was right, that Mr. Pierce would stick to his text, and that Marcy was honest, Soulé set out for Spain in the summer of 1853, At that time there was no war between Russia and the Western Powers. There was a faint mutteriag of thunder along the distant horizon, but there were no serious apprehensions of the terrible ex- plosion which has since concentrated the avail- able forces and resources of the three greatest Powers of Europe, in a life and death struggle, in that barbaric peninsula of the Black Sea. But even at that time the policy of England and France, touching their grand idea of “a balance of power” against these United States on this continent, had been pretty sharply defined. ‘rhe tripartite correspondence upon Caba with Mr. Fillmore’s Secretary of State, Mr. Everett, had disclosed this Anglo French policy with some distinctness; and the subsequent pro- ceedings of English emissaries in Cuba, and the subsequent diplomacy between Eugland and Louis Napoleon, left no doubt about it They had discovered that the transfer of Cuba to the United States would be a death blow to what- ever schemes of naval power, commercial su¢ premacy, or colonization in the West Indies avd Central America, either Eagland or Fravce might entertain; and they had resolved, accord- ingly, that Cuba should not be absorbed into the American Union. To this beginning, we apprehend, may be traced the present Anglo- French alliance against Russia, At all events, our Minister to Spain, in 1853, in his negotiations for Cubs, had resolved, before leaving Woshingion, that a diplomatic diversion on the Continent against the grasping maritime policy of England and France, was indispensable to the success of the American policy of Mr. Pierce’s inaugural. Our ambessador, therefore, pra pared to actupon a comprehensive scale. Those duels at Madrid were bat the instruments of a bold and dashing diplomacy, intended to dis- cover the exact whereabouts of the French and English upon the Cuban question at the Spanish capital. That discovery was thus fully made, and the projet of that diplomatic Ameri- can conference at Ostend was speedily hit upon. Up to this point, the duplicity and cross par- poses of Marcy, aud the vacillations aad weak- ness of Mr. Pierce, had been overcome. But bere the whole scheme exploded, through the treachery of our faithless Premier, and the imbeeility of our Executive, The conferees at Ostend had no idea that their proceedings or their manifesto wonld be blown to the world until some co operative setion from the administration, which had brought them to this ultimatum, would at least ecm to justify the dischosue, Presuming ina our Cabinet were acting in good faith, Soulé had intended to follow up the Ostend meeting with a more comprehensive one, including our ministers at St. Petersburg, Berlin, Vienne, and otber German States; the object of this larger conference being the original purpoce of checkmating the American desigas of the Western by some common diversion among the central Powers of Europe. To this end our minister to Spain had himself propo- sed a trip to St. Petersburg. Is was part of his original plan; and, though somewhat em- barrassed by the rupture between the Western Powers and Russia, there was yet @ hope, from the peace movements ot the belligerents, that Roesia, Austria, Prussia, and other central States, from the great naval and commercial issues involved in an American “balance of power’ in the Gult of Mexico, might be em- ployed to the greatest advantage against the American policy of Eogland and France. “It was no part, as we are iuformed, of the programme of Soulé to involve the United States in the war with the Western Powers, He believed that the American policy of Mr. Pierce’s inaugural might be peacefully accom- plished. He believed that our supplies of cot- ton and California gold to Euglani and France bad bound them over, and would hold them bound, to keep the peace with us at almost any sacrifice. His purpose was to detach them from their foolish protectorate over Cuba, and Spain from her slavish submission to the British Cabi- net and Louis Napoleon. Possibly, with re- gardto the Emperor of the French, the pro- gramme of Soulé may have comprehend- ed a republican revolution of some sort, or the restoration of the Bourbons, It is certain there was no love lost between our minister and Napoleon the Third, from and af- ter those threais at Madrid, and that the French Emperor was an efficient ally of Marcy in work- ing out the total defeat of this extraordinary mission to Spain. The programme of Soulé was broad and com- prehensive; but resting upon the slippery foun- dation of the inaugural of Mr. Pierce, and upon his imbecflity and the deliberate malice and treachery of Marcy, and being confronted by the surpicions of Spain, the hostfity of Louis Napoleon, and the diplomacy of England, his failure was inevitable. Had there been no war with Russia, bis mission might have been more successful in attracting a larger degree of the attention of the Contivental Powers; had there been no treachery in our Cabinet it would cer- tainly have ended less disastrously to Soulé, American diplomacy and American interests abroad. The forthcoming history of this remarkable mission “and its consequences’’ will doubtless be one of the most iostructive and interesting books ever printed, to all aspiring diplomatsand politicians. Let Dudley: Mann supply an ap- pendix, and the European diplomacy of Mr. Pierce will be completely disclosed. Native Americans nor Inronerant.—It appears that several State Councils of the Know Nothing Order in the South have ex- punged from their platform everything which savored of intolerance or hostility to the Ro- man Catholics—the State Council of Louisiana repudiating the Catholic test at a meeting on the 5th instant. Ciarles S. Morehead, of Ken- tucky, a prominent member of the Order aud the proximate Governor of the State, distinctly disavows on the part of the section with which he is acting any desire either to interfere with the religious belief of any class of citizens, or to erect any profession of faith into a test of qualification for office. We are persuaded that much injustice has been done to members of the Order by giving them credit fora far more bitter sectarian spirit than they ever evinced; now, at all events, these calumnies can be refut- ed. He whostill charges the Southern Know No- things with intolerance to the Roman Catholics will do so in defiance of open fact, and at the sacrifice of his character. Nor has the reform been confined to the South. Tolerance has penetrated even New England, and the State Council of Connecticut have come forward to declare their readiness to admit Catholics to the rewards of office and the full rights of citizenship. Here, untor- tunately, there can be no question but the ori- ginal Know Nothings displayed a sectarian and fanatical spirit. There is intolerance in the air of Connecticut, and a whole century of enlight- enment has not been able to dispel it, They were just the men to seize upon the most odious and narrow of the principles of the new party, and to give it prominence in their version of the platform. Yet, so strongly has public opinion in the present day set towards freedom of con- ecience, so repulsive is everything that resem bles proscription on the ground of religious differences, that even the Connecticut Know Nothings have boldly cast off their sectarian character, and proclaim “the protection of all persons in the legal and proper exercise of their religious and civil rights—the uorestraiued en- joy ment of all religious opinions and worship.” True, the Connecticut Council advocates the exclusion from office of all who “owe alle- giance, civil or ecclesiastical, directly or indi- rectly, to any foreign Power ;” but herzia, we apprehend, they advise no more than the law directs and immemorial usage has established. The law declares that before any man shall ex ercise the rights of citizenship in this couatry he shall renounce the allegiance he owed to his former sovereign, and to all othe? foreign po- tentates ; and custom has not admitted to office any who have omitted 1o make this reauncia- tion. The Know Nothings of Connecticut :nere- ly recommended therefore that matters should remain in statu quo. We are aware that a few microscopic minds have contended that Roman Catholics owe allegiance to the Pope as the head of the Church. But this is a mere quibble of words. So far as the Catholic laity is concerned, the Pope isa mere ab- straction to whom or to which it is as im- | possible to owe allegiance as it would be to Income the subject of a great philoeopber, or the citizen of a new school in physics; and as for the Romish clergy, whatever the merits of their case may be, itis clear that thoy are best occupied in attending to the spiritual wants of their flock. Massachusetts woald be all the better of a rule which disqualified pur- sons from holding office under the common- wealth, and it docs not appear likely that the Union would suffer if Roman Catholic pricsts were excladed from political stations, We are giad to see there sigas of returning sence and liberality on the part of the Koow Notbings. They may depend upon it, ii is nel- ther necessery nor wise, nor manly, nor honora- ble for the twenty-three or four millions of Protestants who inhabit this republic to hunt down the one or two millions of Catholics | who sbare tue couLuy with them, ‘The Tribune and the Tariff. When the rupply of ronaway negroes slack- eng, and the editors of the New York Tribune are at a loss for wherewithal to fill their vacant space, they eeem to be in the habit of granting to some venerable acquaintance a carte blanche to stultify the paper with a column or so of rampent nonsense about protection and free trade. It is not likely that the senile effu- sions of this unfortunate gentleman are ever read; for we notice that he in- variably concludes with a doleful, com- plaint that no oxe will onswer him. There goes at Jarge in this city an unhappy thongh harmless lunatic who is ander the impression that he has composed a quantity of poctry of the very first order, and that he is only hinder- ed from taking rank with Tennyson and La- mertine by the perversity of publishers wh» will not read hismanuscripts. Believing, aswe honestly do, that this poor crazy gentleman is not the writer of the protectionist articles in the Tribune, the melancholy fate of the one has alarmed us for the other, and we have been moved by charity to notice the Tribune writer thus publicly, lest persevering neglect on the part of an unthinking press should ultimately rob him of the smail remnant of his wits. His bent, as we raid, is not poetical but pro- saic, and economical. He gives us in his last effusion, a financial history ot the United States for the last fifty years, which, regarded as a ‘jeu d’esprit, is certainly far fetched, and viewed in any other light, is marked by the most in- credible stupidity, the grossest ignorance, and the most deplorable dishonesty, Let us take him to pieces. He asks :— Did pot the wer of 1812 afford ample protection to the sarmer in his efforts to bring the artisan to his sida, and*was tbere not, in coasequence, a good demand for labor and its products? Did not the Cy out from the war in a highly prosperous condit No. It did not, The farmer and artisan had protection, but the country wasnot prosperous. On the contrary it was nearly ruined by tae war. The fact is so notorious that evidence may seem superfluous. We may refer, however, to Mr. Madison’s message of 20th February, 1815, in which he indulges the hope that “the peace will introduce aetivity into all the means of domestic enterprise and labor,”’ and similar hopes in the annual message of that year; also to the la e Mr. Williams’ Book of the Presidents, (and Mr. Williams be it remembered was a whig,) in which we read: “The immediate effect of the war was disastrous to the in erests of the great body of the people, causing much pecuniary and other distress, and retarding the national prosperity.” Did not the prosperity continue during the yours 1816, "17 and18, while protection was yot continued? ? No. It did not. The cessation of war and the re-opening of American ports certainly invigo- rated trade and industry; but Mr. Madison, in December, 1816, regrets that ‘a depression is esperienced by particular branches of our manu- factwres, and a portion of our navigation; and a)l authorities concur in stating that immediate- ly after the conclusion of peace, foreign goods were thrown upon the market in enormous quantities, and every branch of trade was so disordered that distress could not but follow. These foreign goods, coming by the ship load, certainly filled the treasury, and enabled the government to pay off part of the national debt; but, in the wordsof Mr. Wil- liams, “the excessive importations prostrated numerous American manufacturers, and spread ruin and desolation among the industrious classes, including agriculturists as well as me- chanics and manufacturers.” The true secret was the deranged state of the currency; but of this the Zribune writer has no idea. From 1816 to 1819 the imports were more than double the exports, and the bank expan- sion proportionate; whence it came about that in 1819 a financial crisis occurred, money became unreasonably dear, and half the mercantile houses in the cities failed. This event the ua- conecionable wooden-head who writes in the Tribune descrives as follows:— Did not si this change after the death of Protection of TS18/ [Note that what he calls the death of protec: tion was nothing more than s reduction equivalent to 6 per cent ina tariff grantiag a tion eqaal, on the average, to 30 per cent.—Ep. Heraip.] Did not commerce decline and the revenue diminish to eo great an extent as to render necessary the conteaction of Joans for =e the insignificant expenditares of the government’ Were not our streets filled with men, wo men and children spxious to #ell their labor, and finding none to purchase it? Were not sheriffs’ sales so great as ‘to cause a large proportion of the property of the coun- try to pesa under the hammer, and were not the rich thus made richer, wnile the poor were being rained? No worder people will not argue with him! In 1823 and 1824, the country got over its depression, and began to revive, which fact of couree this writer ascribes to the effect of the tariff of 1824. He says :— Did not all this change sgain after the passsge of the protective tar: of 1824? Did not commarce revive and rpecte in, with steady improvement in creait and in the value of property ? But we answer, if it was as you say, how came it that your friends the manufacturers ran to Congress, swore they were starving, and howled and screeched till that body, in pity for their sufferings, passed thé monstrous tariff of 1828—handing over the country, great and small, bag and baggage, body and bones, to the manufacturers ? It is curious to see how these protectionists differ, This writer speaks with unction of the monstrosity of 1828—valls it a “ really protec- tive tariff ;" Mr. Williams, a far shrewder pub- licist, though a member of the same party, ad- mits its defocts and supposes that the free traders purposely exaggerated its leading fea- tures in order to disgust the public with the system, F The Trilune writer say e:— : Did rot commerce grow under the really protective tariff of 1828, with a rapidity that was incredible? No. It did not. The duties increased be- cause they were nearly doubled by law. But trade fell off, Read the official docaments of the times. The manufacturers made money; but the mechanics, farmers, and people gene- rally were on the verge of rebellion. He adds :— Was not the baisnce of trade #0 greatly in our favor with the world, notwithstanding the neavy drain upon the exports of the country to mest this debt, as to cause the influx of specie to an’ extent greater than had ever befcre hoon hnown No: it was not. 1821—specie import 1822 s ‘ The figures are 18 ‘ rave 1880 “ 1881 "4 He continu - Die not Rritieh free trade inherit in 1895 a patri mony of the wonverful vaius, and the hort » feven yeart ro utterly try waa filled with wen My wite amd fa white lovers thin period a bankrupiey 0 extent exceed 1822? Were not States driven to repadie ior pot the national treerury driven to the con loans ond to cefault of ite ablitty to borrow it not feresd unto the use of an irredeemadle paper ' mopey to the great dirgrace of the coustry / Aud inal ade period af and was Wss'ot Dita treo trade fo onreneenen oF the adeP- This ie part faleehood and part nonsense. It is not true that the sufferings which were pro- longed as late as 1842, or the bankruptcies and sheriffs’ sales, and flaancial difficulties of the period 1837-42, were caused by the tariff or bad anything to do with it. They were the natura) consequence of the exorbitant expan- sien of 1834-37; which itselt was coused by the rivalry of the United States and State banks for public jfayor. Every schoolboy kaows this. The rest of the paragraph is the baldest trash, without meaning of any kind. The writer fitly sums up his grievances a3 follows:— Have pot eight years elapsed, and have they not been merked by the creation of a vast forriga debt, while ‘be power to pay for cloth and iron bas heen ina pminution ? Have we not in the same reat destruction of credit, aad have wants and buadrec# of thoueanés of we rot xeen thor men ax in 1822 und 1842 wandering in saerch of amploy- ment spo unable to find it? Have not the farmers, bj help ot British free tracers, closed up 9 domestic tei ‘that would bave fornithed an extra millino of consa- they not received in exchange « foreign not give them even 159,000 consumers to supply ¥ Have they not proved their exceeding foll) ip not asoepting the good old democratic advice of Jef- ferron, Madison and Jackson, to briag tne consumer to ‘tbe side of the producer? And is British free trade now about to cie, leaving behind ber a state of things similsr to whet she left in 1824 and 1442? And we say: Are there not sixty minutes in every hour, and therefore is not the country going to the dogs? Did not a boy die of diar- thea yesterday, and therefore ought not the Mayor to be put in jail? Hath not a man been teen walking up Broadway, with a Panana ‘hat on, and therefore should we not look for the end of the world? Have we not proved our exceed- ing folly by not attending to the good old maxim of the Turkish poet: When thou art an buvgered, eat and fill thyself? And are not railroads abeut to go out of fashioo, aad a new stage coach to run from hence to Albany? For really, this is the only ansver which such stuff as the above extractsfrom the Trijune de- serve, To treat euch folly seriously is to en- courage it. : Ii is so difficult for men to be clear sighted egaintt their interest that itis extremely doubt- ful whether the manufacturers of this country will ever see the folly of ranting and roaring about tariffs and protection. At all events some years must elapse before we caa hope to witness their universal quiet under the decree of fate. Till then there will always be some sanguine individuals among them who will be- lieve that it will pay to have a man write non- sense for them in the Tribune; and a large number, if not a majority, of the body will reso- lutely set their faces against fact and reason, and, with the true desperation of moaomaniacs, will insist on compiling a history of American finance without any allusion to the currency— a new play of Hamlet, with the royal Dane left out! TeLxGgrarus In Evrore.—We have recently seen and examined a chart of Earope, exhibit- ing the lines of electric telegraph in actaal operation or in course of construction through- out that continent. The map was prepsred and published under the direction of Viscount de Voncy, Director General of the administration of telegraphic lines in the French empire, and exten’s up to the past year. It does not, of course, embrace the several new lines of tele- graph which the exigencies of the Eastern war have caused to be established or projec'ed ; but yet it is one of the most deeply interesting and highly suggestive publications that can well be magined. It marks a wonderful epoch in the progress of humanity, when time and space are, as it were, annihilated, and whea the distant regions of the earth are brought into immediate Propinquity, And while it docs s0, it also ‘orms an almost unerring criterion by which to judge of the physical, intellectaal and commer. cial condition of the various couutries of the Old World. So, for instance, the ompire of France appears upon the map as covered with aclosely wrought network of lines which ra- diate from its great centre, Paris, and extend to all the seaports, frontier towns and cities owning the sway of Napoleon the Third. This network bespesks not only the intellectual, but the material and industrial position which Frarce occupies in the van of European na- tions. Next to it in the cloze ramifications of the telegraph wire, and connected with it by a submarine line across the Straits of Dover, is its neighbor and ally, England. And it is in- teresting to mark how meagrely the commer- cial and industrial advantages, signalized by this symbol of prosperity, are shared by the two sisier kingdoms of Ireland and Scotland. Though they are both connected with the me- tropolis, they have each but an inconeiderable portion of their territory and only a few of their principal cities bound together by tele- graphic connections. The proposition holds good, too, with regard to Holland and Belgium, and Switzerland, whose commercial and industrial position is exhibited in a favorable light by the propor- tionatly large extents of their telegraphic lines. The kingdoms of Sweden and Denmark are indifferently well intersected with them, a large proportion of their lines being subma- rine, crossing the Sound from Christianstadt to Copenhagen, then stretching westward among: the islands across the Belt, and down south through the Schleswig-Holstein provinces: There does not seem to be a single line to serve the neceseities—if they have any such—of the Norwegians. Prussia contains but a few lines,but these extend across the kingdom to the Russian boundary on the north and to Cracow on the south, From tbis latter city a line extends to Warsaw, thence to Moscow and on to St. Pe- tersburg. It was by means of this connection that the death of the Emperor Nicholas was known in Vienna, London and Paris within a few hours after its having taken place. The most important cities of Germany alone have the advantage of the telegraph, the minor towns and cities being for the most part un- 4 provided for in that respect, While London, Paris, and the other great western cities, are thus connected on the north with the Russian enfpire, they are also in tele- graphic communion with the southern and toutheastern limits of Europe—with Rome, with Naples, with Constantinople—and with the northern regious of Africa. France will soon communicate at any instant with her distant Algerian colony by means ofa line extending from Paris to Geneva, thence to Turin, thence by submarine line acrovs the Galf of Genoa to the island of Corsica, the bicthplace of the great Napoleon; again over the Strait of Bonifacio to he island of Sardinia, and from the south, crly point thereof across the Mediterranean sea to Algeria, the ishiod of Golita being placed midway, w8 it were a stepping stove to facili. tate the crossing. Asia is also to be bound to Eurepe by a submarine live across the straits of the Dor@anelles. While thus even the Papal States and the tmpire of the Crescent have not been able en * tirely to exclude the light of this great miracle: of scence, Spain, like Norway, does not, whem this chart was prepared, appear to enjoy the faintest glimmer of it. We believe, however, that since that time Madrid bas been brought into connection with the French frontier. The Grecian Archipelago was also ina like state of seclusion. It is surprising to contemplate the rapidity with which, in the lust few years, magnetic te- legraph lines have extended over Europe. For instance, we see it stated that whereas France, at the close of 1852, possessed lines covering only 1,200 miles, «be will have, at the close of the present year, over 8,000 miles in opera, tion. Europe contains some 35,000 miles of te. legraph, the United States 42,000 miles. But the triumphs of the past few years in that res- pect appear small and contemptible, in con” trast with those which are reserved for the re" mainder of thisdecade. We need only indicate the gigantic works that are projected, and whick a few years will see realized, to cast into the shade the fabulous exploits of the gods and giants of antiquity. First, there is the contem- plated enterprise of counecting London with Canton, or one of the other commercial ports or China. Then there is the other project of es- tabliching a similar tele graphic connection with Australia, It would hardly be believed at the first blush that neither of these undertakings would necessitate the iaying of more thaa four hundred miles of subm*rine cable ia any ‘one continuous stretch; bat 4 careful examination of the globe will remove all scepticism on that point, The Architect of the Universe has, it would almost seem for this very purpose, placed islands in the oceau at such intervals as to serve as stepping stones and halting places for the telegraph. There is no doubt whatever as to the feasibility of laying down four hundred miles of ru»marine cable in one stretch, as it has been already tested to the ex- tent of 350 miles in the ine acrogs the Black Sea from Varna to Balsklava. Then, again, there is that other gigsntic enterprise in con- templation, of connecting the American and Enropean continents by » submarine telegraph extending from St. John’s, Newfoundland, to Cork, in Ireland, a distance of over sixteen hundred miles, Andeveo the magnitude of that undertaking is eclipsed by another proposition: to stretch a line around the world, commencing say, at St. Petersburg, stretching through Siberia to the confines of Rassian America, and traversing the whole breadth of North America. to its most easterly limit, and then crossing the Atlantic, either by an independent line or by’ connection with that which we have just mene thoned, and which is to be in operation in Jauu- ary, 1858, a little more than two years hence. By the same time we may have San Francis:0 bound to New York. What # glorious moaument to the intellect and well-directed induztry of man is there here! Tn comparison with it, the pyramids of Egypt ere but molehills, and tha fabled work of the giants in piling Peliou upon Ossa is mere chil- dren’s play. We live in an age of practical miracles, and the miracle ot the telegraph is the most wonderful of all THE LATH#ST NEWS, BY MAGNETIC AND PRINTING TELEGRAPHS, From Washington. THE CHEVALIER WIKOFF AND SECRETARY MARCY. Wasmixaton, July 8, 1855, The Chevalier Wikoff arrived in town on Friday last, and had, I understand, « long wterview wih Secretary Marcy, onSaturday, at the State Department, He gave, tis said, to Marcy a full account of his diplomatic ¢a- reer ia Europe, in connection with the British govern- ment and Lord Palmerston, and also of his diplomatis and personal relations with Louis Napoleon. His des- cription of his political movements in Londen, Parte» and elsewhere, and of various pi his intimacies with certain illustriou» pereonages, amused Marcy very wuch, and will probsbly give him some new ideas. Wi- kofl is said to possess rare telent as ‘Ss raconteur, and the guato with which the Secretary must have latened to and chuekled over his narrative, would, no doubt, have. een bighly gratifying to Lord Palmerston and theFrench Emperor, conld they fave been witnesses of the scone Thin interview has, I understand, raised Wikoff greatiy in the estimation of the feeretary. He thinks him aa exceedingly clever perron, and believes that he would. make a moch better Assittant Beeretary than Dudley Mann, or, in fact, any other man that be has ever conversed with, He found Wikoff etrongly oprored to the red republicans, which pleased him very much, ard co doubt contributed to open the way to his good graces. Wikoif gave him a. pattetic account of what he calls the outrage commit- ted upon bim at Genoa for tue elight, and by no means very uncommon, offence of endeavoring to secure the hand of an heiress, and of the severe sullerings te which, he was subjected through the interference of the British government and the British Consul—that Dogberry of: official self-importance, whom he has immortalizad !n his book—Mr. Timothy Brown. He pressed upon the Secretary the necestity of vindicating the rights of Ame- rican citizens abroad, which he contended had been 4d in his perecn in the Gamble affair, He e ) 1 underrtond, a most amusing account of the efforts made by Lord Palmerston to induce him. to repudiate his nationality, and to become a Batish subject, which he refused todo. Ihave not bees able to learn whether Marcy will interfere in Wikof’s trou dle; bat whatever he coen, of this I feel certain, thay he will dupe the Cheveher, as he has duped every one else, from Kerrta down to Soulé, Wasninaton, July 8, 1955. Buchiagham Smith, Secretary of Legation at Madrid, in place of Mr. Perry, lsaves here on Monday for New York, and sails in the Partic on Wednesday. Hin wife accompanies him. Judge Walker, editor of the New Orleans Delta, and Hon. Joon FE. King, of Loulriaoa, arrived last evening and are stopping at the National DON. The Know Nothings of Binghamton. Bincuamton, N, ¥., Faly 7, 1855, Alarge and enthumastic meeting of Amoricaas was held in this place Imet evenieg, and was addressed by S. Squires, delé gate to the Philadelphia Convention, At the special election, beld to-day, for President of the village, Mr. Park, the American candidate, was elected. Louisville Mayoralty. Locisviiie, Joly 7, 1856. The Court of Appeals nave decided that Barbee is the legatly choven Mayor of this ity, From Goston. Bostow, July 7, 1855, The fol’owing is a statement of the value of +1 +21 8585,519 Crop Prospects in the West, Dayton, Ohio, July 7, 1855, The harvest in the Miami Valley ts now fairly under way. Toe wheat barvest bas been progressing for a Week, under remarkably favorable weather. Thecro '* abun ant, exceeding all expectation, and che graig i «f aruperior quality, A heavy crop of oat x and tarley is anticipated. Markets, Proviprxen, July 7. 1965, On cotton market is doll; tue salen Yaring the week have been small, and prices ttled. Wool—The sales have been rather light, amounting to 31,000 lua; the stock of pulled is mi while the high prices paging for flenee 'B the conntry has stiffened the market prices for sl grades. Printing cloits une! (s the woot, 88,700 pisces” ee >