The New York Herald Newspaper, December 23, 1854, Page 3

Fe Ouz Mexican Correspondence, Vera Cavuz, Dec. 7, 1854, Pgnation in Trade—Its Casses—Drain on the easury—Dwindling Away of the Oaston Revenves— Anticipaied Deficit ef Next ‘ear—The Farce of Santa Anna's Re election Out—Way in which it was Managed— ly One Honest Man to be Fownd in Vera Oruz The New Foreign Treaties—Whe Guayamas ra——Obstructions te American Commerce, the ateawer Orizaba, i employ one of the leisure granted me io this port, against my inclina- , to give you some news of this couatry. leisure hours, because, having nothing to A wanted at least to talk to people and hear yt was going ow; but, in the first place, the fear 4. 8. H. and his spies ia 30 strong that if you ask news the eternal answer is, “Nada.” Second- to talk of business, this is out ot the question, tell you at once that since immemorial such a stagnation has not been experienced, fo terrible losses will be shown by the palance nat of every house at th2 end of the year. Not that ne goods can te scld stall, even at a sacrifice all over the country, bat besides, no debts can be collected, at by the prosent laws mera are reduced to zero, and failures are king out everywhere. ing is more natzral, according to tbe num- ¢ of population left to consume anything, or able yy for it, a3 will be showa below, and the most id revenue laws which cond:ma goods, after high import duties, to pay again 575 per t im the interior, and 324 per cent more to ry new Btate they are imtroduced to. This tbe liberal tariff ot Santa Anna, caforced the country at large, and whicd created friends him even in the United States, and muy have the cause, in part, for voting the seven millions oe him. jAs to the number of people to consume foreign ods, you must deduct ali the Indian population, then including foreigners, women and children, total will not be over two millions. From thia ike about one hundred and fitty thousand of young who were working at factories or agricultaral and who have been either made soldiera or we taken to the woods in order to ayoid this fate. that such would have spent twenty-five ita only daily, which is not aaying too much, you ve at once $37,500 daily taken out of circulation, on account of the present recruiting syatem— “Theavy sum, where such @ small field is opened at for the foreign trade. ‘To say that a certain system was kept up by the government, would be a mockery, the only being to make as much of it as possible, and amongst a few people, keep up the appear, of a great army, not fit for anything, although regiments are well drilled, but whose officers, the greatest part, consist of blackguards and people cf all shades, from black to white, and those soldiers desire no:hing more than to be sent ‘The great plan appears to be to push Santa Anns ‘the brink of the abyss, making him detested as ach as possible, and at last to throw him For this purpose, it appears, the following are teken:—1. Bringing him into quarrels ith all foreign governments, by the most avaricious ‘ most absurd and impracticable ete affecting commerce, agriculture, and otaer ebes, by withdrawing by degrees ali bis friends from the prominent posts of terior object may be, I am at a loss to ; but I think Mr. Bonilla the greatest scoun- all, etme) the Jesuit, are still dreaming foreign prince. ‘seven millions are squandered away, or at the little which is lett, is hoarded up — expenses for a month or littl: = osher parts the ctvil officers and mili- men are bepind in their payments from two to bree months. The custom house revenues are re- ‘Suced toamere nothing, the taxes teeted more, and utter rain is staring the gov- “erpment the face—so much go, that the deficit of cannot be les: than fifteen millions. Fst i i & 3 i | He Fy is i j iG rey i 3 5 iH iY 4 i t. The next day from 8 o’clock in the morning, a of booth was fitted up and people began to rash ie; being petaclpaly in the employ of govern- ment This was. kept up until 6 o'clock at night, say ‘ten hours, and then the retarns were over 5,000. _ Now just consider that everybody had to write his name, anda deal of small talk intervening, besides compliments, &c., and you may conceive how quickly they must have done it. As to the 6,000 recollect that ee ae ta; take 0! rations had to do pf ? He H i E 53 z iF i eg i I ; faa Hf i ii i itt a & i be come tn at a oom mratively cheap rate, wheress curs are nearly all exclated—ond moet- Jy from reasons of his ows, food things too atrong, and ac bis governmen! bad ordered bim to inrist upon certain things, withoat goiag mto diecuasion at all, and fivding that he could “ot succeed, he gent a | apeola! messenger to Rorload. The Guajamas prisoners have b-en brough' down bere, and are to be cent Some ina b'rescb man-of- war, ® ceneWerstion ‘which bas not.nor will be showa to Americans. Dec, &8— The steamer ought to bave sailed to day at 10 o'clock; however, a4 a nerther was biowiog yes- terday she could xot embark either passengers or | money. To-dsy, the weather being fine, applications wore | mode from ail sides (this being a lesst day, of which | this country has such alot that alone for this rea- | sou there are pot working days enough left to make the money necessary for the frolics ¢f these nholi- @eye), to allow the eo paged of specie, waich would have been done in half am hour, as all the specie was cleared through the custom house yesterday, | and the same guards who pass the luggaye of pis- sengers would only have to compare tne packages wits the accompanying documeats, However, it was enough that it wag an Amerivan stesmer for our collector to refase afl these avplications, aidimg, withtie greatest impndence, that to the Hnglish steamer be would under similar circumstances al- Jew the embarkation solicited. There you have a new proof how Americans are | treated, which, by the by, is their own fant, and tre paltry reascn he gives is that he coasiders tae Ori vaba no movil boat. ‘Phis ie worse than the offsace isselt; for it ehe is no mail boat why bas she other peivileges assuch? ‘Why does the Mexican govern. ment charge oue real for each sirg'e Jetter seat by her, witheut paying amy part of the expenses of car- rying it? Why do they charge fifty cents for a ain gle letter that eame down from Mexico hy the ex- reas to be forwarded by the O-izsba? ‘The fact is the steamer and leaves money and’ mechandise benind. When vill our pe »ple and the government bezia to find out how we are treat e@ by theso-eailed Mexican nation? Ae for this collector he has been described tan times over, and he certainly rejoices and glories iu these petty acts of annoyance. He isa man of the meanest clase @ man éeéspicable in every sense of the word. As collsctor he has extorted from the merchanta by i!- legal seizores, fines not put down by the tariff. and other unheard of manuvres, the sum of at least forty eent for his share; and | when I assert that, to him, more than to any other this rot only at’ the expense of the merchant, ba: also to the real logs of the government—thanks to barbarous laws—ma ‘ie it sppears exactly tosuit nim, for on a seizure be paye 50 per cent daty, wuerew the merchant would have paid 100 per cent. Asthe prosecuting attorney geta a share, too, oy law—-the judge being a tool in their hands—yon may consider how easy plandering system is followed uy, as the merchant is entirely at their mercy. It is too peels, sabject to dwell any longer on, and as I we nothing farther to say bot that the election pears to go generally in favor of his Sarene High- ness, as in duty bound, and that it appears that Mr. Arrangoiz, is who now at Washington, will not be £0 for a long time. Kyow Noramae. The Collector, not satisfied in stopping the vessel from embarking caer ope Mercnandise to-day, even sent for the O: of the Port, to ask him whose anthority he allowed the vessel to clear at on a feast day. By the Collector alie was, of course, cleareG yesterday, as far us permits for embarking were concerned. pe Our Boston Correspondence. Boston, Dec. 16, 1854. The Lecturing Business—The English Ope@ Troupe—The “ Beggar's Opera” —Fanny Fern— Mr. Gardner's Troubles Beginning—His Pry Serences for Cennsellors—The Senatorial Ques- tion—List of Candidates—New Men—Mh; Ely—Dr. Stone—Know Nothing Sherif/i—Dis- content About Offices Among the Democrat} $c., Fe. The business of lecturing is greater here, and throughout New England, than it has ever be J before; though it seemed to have reached its ut- most possible height last winter, It is the only ‘sind of business th.t is not in a very depressed condition. Waldo Emerson is reading lectures out of his new work on England, and very good they are, though he does put down Macaulay, as the Londoner did Shakspeare, as “a very much over- rated man.” Henry Moreau is delivering his new lecture om moonshine--“moonlight,” I mean—in various places. Mr. Burlingame has repeated that “Now and Then” lecture of his so often, that the two things have actually changed places since he first gave it. There is not a man who can read dis tinctly—it matters not what he may resd—bat can make his fifty dollars per week with perfect eass. Two acquaintances of mine have come to the con clusion to club thelr forces, and go into the lecture business. The one can talk, but not write, while the other can write, but mot talk; and they are to halve the results of their labors, though the talker will contribuve most time and wind, but is expect ed to be rewarded, therefore, by applause. Of notea men, we have already bad Samner, Coase and Hale, and Benton and Honston are promised. Dr. Palfrey is giving @ series of lectures. The English opera troupe will close their engage- ment at the Boston this afternoon, with the “Bsg- gar’s Opera,” which was performed on Wednesiay evening. Mies Pyne was Gay’s Polly, and nothin; psig sang exquisitely. Mr. ‘Harrison's Mae heath is pronounced by some of the critics to be utterly valger, and no more a ‘representative man” of the bighwaymen of the olden times than a per- the 2, tournament was a repre- faahica, the troupe ls Jost begianing wo be thorougt cn, roupe is jo: to : I appreciated Sut a8 it is compeligad to leave. ns. first performances were to fair houses; but the later ones have been crowded. ‘anny Fern’s new book is making quite a sensa- tion here. It is so deliciously al, “go joly and the characters hit hardest are so pred itt Ag! Ree body bas @ copy, oes Te ry 80 Taj perhaps, as has been done, necording to their own staxment; tT hear that our new Governor elect is get- ting into a bad way, though as yet he has not done more than can be easily retrieved. He is said to be concerning himself about the election of ( future? Tiere is evidently a struggle on ‘between the old and the new men in ‘th f on party of its—between the founders of ‘that paity, the men who fought its earliest batties, ‘and the men who went into it after those battles had ‘been fought and won, and it had become clear that tne party was worth joining; between the workers in and the ornaments of it; between the men wio wear white woollen mittens and the men wo wear straw-colored kid ween the producers and the consumers; Detween the peopie wno make parties and ¢ "le who ruin them. It is under- stood that Mr. iner’s tastes are patri ian, and ' were at the time referred to. Then, dense wit! that he leans to the side of gloves and oraamsat rather than to mittens Usefniness. The Execa- the Le; ture, in con- irom each of the State has been divided party. TR og tne the council bs 70 that coun chamber should be filled with ae soft as their heads, and who 7 peal C= Mr, Gardner bas a g acme » but be will only Sade Mee Ht Be should ¢ append for partioulsr men for | o - interest in the Penatorial continues to oT pat ae By! of 9 determi- mation to the r through the pofore the coming of the evil days are themrelves. Tbe fol’owing is a list of the vers ns mort common'y mamed sm coane.tion with S.aas, r- ship, wah thr tics] @ sigsation for tie wix years previouy to the form tioa of the Americaa G rty:— a Wilson, f. s. M. P. Wilder. wh. Mark Tratton, f. s. N. 1. Banks Jz., dem. James W. Stone, f.s. A.B. Ely, wh. C. 8. Huntington, f.8. Ratus Croate, wh. Simon Brown, dem. Jadge Bigelow, wh. Auéon Bariingame, f.8. General Devereax, wh. Moes of these gentlemen you know, aad | nave alresdy spokem of them and their chances. Mr. Huntington, [ presume, is named only because he ought to be eles'ed, both from his taleats and lo- calisy, the West being entitied to a Seaator, not having had one, save Mr. Bates’s brief term, aod Mr. kwell uoder eet isopunnnent, for these mapy jong years. . is the sam? gea- tleman wee wan didaled”” ou; of the Congressional nomination m No.3, after having been made au eure of getting it as Mr. Almaschar, of Bagdad, was of » fortune and the grand vizier’s daughter for a wife. He is clever; but when he made that ax rapgement about the State Senaorship in his part of Middiceex, he must bave bad nis wisdom teeth polled. Mr. Choate 1s said to bave joined the Ameri an y; but as he has’ more than once de- dined a rahig, when offered him by the whigs, it is not very likely that he iw afcer such a place nov. Dr. J. W. Stone ia the well known reporter, an original Know No thing of the gennine stamp, aad a very good, warm hearted fellow. d> not exaggerate map, is owing the peculiar resu't of the last eles tion. He it was who persaaded Mr. Gardner 69 join the order, when that gentloman was not quite pre- ared to do 8? without considerably preseig. fhe Doctor ’s object, and also Mr. Garduer’s, was to get the latter geo’ lemen nominated for Mayor of Bow ton, or for Congress, the idea of ranniag him far Governor never having been entertains! until a moch leter period. It came when circumstances mace it apparent that Dr. Smith could nos safely be dropped in the city, or Mr. Barliogame be sacriticed in Lie dvetrict. They do say that these two geatie- men— the modern Orestes and Pylades— vere joatra- mental in getting reprinted those eloquent extra te from Mr. Burlingame’ Faneuil Hall speech, in whi :h he calied upon ail Ireland, and ‘the rest of (foreign) manknd,’ to come into the “broaa embrace” of that largely endowed individual, “Oncle Sam,” who at that time cared aslittie for the Pope a3 he now does for the other members of the’ old firm, tue Devil and the Pretender, Tho pointments of some men are better than the luckiest hits of otners. Because be could not get either of two inferior of- fi es, Mr. Gardner was put on the list of possible eg oe candidates by the indefatizable Do-tor 'ylodes, who worked at the business of his eleva- tion uatil he had disposed of all the other candidates, and piaced his friend Orestes at the very apex of the of the pyramid, o whicn place he was purened by the whig furies, in their determiaation to revenge his slaaghter of his political mother, the whig party of Massachusetts, that very venerable old womsn. The Doctor has certainly earned the Senatorship, and be may get it. Geaeral Devereux hasonly to get into tne saddle to make a famous rup. He is used to that kind of scat. Whatev sr excitement was cauted by the munict pel elections has now died avay. With some ex- ceptions, they terminated pretty much as was ex pected. The American defeat in Coarleatown is ascribed to bsdnominations. In Newbaryport there is a'good deal of quarrellingin the American coun- cils, which bas beem increased since Monday's eleo- tion, about s handred members of the councils there having “bolted” between “now” and ‘tnen.” Ot the fourteen sheriffs in the State, ten belong to the Know Not: . The exceptionsare tneaberiffa ot Suffolk, Bristol, Hampshire and Berkshire. Ail these gentlemen receives their appointments at the hands of our Wile poparnanent. The democrats of the Twelfth ward are seeking to have Fiet: ter Webster removed from the Sar veyorehip of this port, and siso some democratic sppraisera, because they have refused te remove whig office holders in their departments. It ia thonght that. as the administration has but two years mre to live, it could not better employ the rem- nant of its days than in taking care of its friends —the few it lias left. Acoma. Our Florida Correspondence. Ocaua, Florida, Dac. 8, 1864, Southern Live Oak—Timber Cutting in 1800—8t. Simon's Island—The First Government Shipe— Launch of the Isabella—Introduction of Leng Staple Cotton—African Negroes—Singular Facts with Respect to them, §c. Being in tho way of forwarding you some inte- resting information from this peninsular common- weaith and the region of country to which it is<coa- tiguous, I take up my pen in the belief that auy communication of this character will find ready ad mission ia your columns. I shall jot down my notes without much regard tothe formin which I pat them, or without any attempt atliterary pretension. Where so. many strive at critical accaracy of atyie it is sometimes refreshing to meet with the rouga and ready expression of the observations of a prac: tical mind. First of all, then, [am in the interior of the pe ninsule of Florida, at a county court, and inte my room at the hotel casually comes an old citizen whoee head has been whitened’ with the snows of more than eighty winters. Doring all this timehe has been constantly identified with, and residen: in, various parte of the countzy beiween South Caroli- ua and his present home. He is a native of the chivalric Btate, and well remembers General Fran- cis Marion, who was familiar at his father’s resi- dence—his father being also“‘one oi Marion’s men.” In early life my informant became a reaident of Georgia, and from 1795 to subsequent to 1800, lived onandin the vicinity of St. Simon’s Ialand, Ga. Ycur readers may not all remember that St. Simon’s itland is one of the chain of islands stretching along the coast of Georgia, but the interest that will at- tach to it in the present connection will arise from the incidents which I now repeat fcom the lips of | my octogenarian triend. It is the lozality fom | which the government ficat drew its supplies of live | oak for naval purposes. Of the live from this isla d sevoral of the first American frigates were | built, Under a contract during the administracion of Mr. Jefferson, ta adh gb wahad bo Gace + Morgan, of the North, the supplies stated. About three hundred bands were empioyed on the island at the period of 1798 and 1799. The hands ‘were mostly from: the North, and Mr. Mo:gan, one of the firm, rematied principally at the island, sa- perintending the operations. Tne main depot for the businees was st St. Simon’s after the timber cut ting began to extend iteelf to other adjacent talaade { ana the main land. The contrast is great besween | the character of the {siands mow and what the: their noble forests of live oak, out of which the | bulwarks of the young republic were to be constructed; Bs tonne eager hs this tk ont | owth, an prese! fields | er sea island cettn, with their waite | bolls, covering inmens plantations, and forming the material oat of which milions are clid and comforted. Gigantic in size were many of the vat trees. Uhey were felled by & corpa of chopyers, | and in turn fell into the hands of tne newer gacg. As they lay prostrate, to be lined and aquarea by the hewems, on2 thus pat in condition for shipmen:, some were of such thickness that scaffulds nad to be erected by the side of the prostrate log to euabie the hewer to bring the whole sided sucface within the sweep of his axe; and an instance was knowa where nine of the workmen stooi upright upon standing stump ‘ogether, and ccowned the feat by drinking, while thereup»n, out of oie bottle. Afier clesring the island chiefly of its native growth. John Cowper, one of ita earliest setuers, obtewed a contract either to transfer the lacd t» the general government, for replanting live osk ‘thereon, or to plant the oak himeelf, for futare government purposes. This will strike many as a singular idea, as one would suppose that it reuuire an infinite time for an tree to attain sufficient balk for naval uesa; cultivat after all, not ao very far- fetched it might seem to an anpractioed jad- ment. It will be remembered thot fa a live oak plantation, owned con is somewhat an extension of the the island. Much mocks she H | descendants of New | north except the Florida. It was atime of merrymaking, and a baad of mosic was exulisted to give spirit to she evoat. The vessel went off the stocks amid the shouts of qhe assemb'ed crowd; she had bright penvants fly ing, avd her name was pronounced with the usu! ceremony ot b'esking a bottle of wineover be: p ow. This vessel was built end owaed by James fIautiton and Jvhn Cowper, and it waa after the former thit the son of Mr. Cowpe: was named. [hey owseia store at Gaekins’ Biuff, waere a iarge trace was car- ried on with the main iand. Taey were enterprising Scotchmen from Greesock. and were early pioneers in Beuthern trace and epecula'ion, as many of their fellow countrymen were in other parts of the South- ern country in the earlier portions of its history, whose nawes are perpetuaied either ic the silent | marble of the churcayard, or in the surviviag gen- erution of mavly sons who fili their places. | I need hardly eay that there are no evidences that the live oak-planting project on the island was ever prosecuted. I imagine that tre reverse was the | case, and that probably the p/anting of the black | seed cotton engendered a la as desperate as the | morus multicaulis rage, fortunately much more | Our Para Correspondence, Pasa, Nov. 20. 1854. Resources of the Districts Bordering on the Ama zon—Remote Prospects of he Navigation of the River being Opened—Stagnation of Bu Para—Celebration of the Feast ef Nazareth-- Grand Boat Race, §¢., §¢- Bince my last, wh ch was mailed com> tims since, your correspondent has been vegetating on the muddy waters of the Amsz0a and some of the tri- butaries thereof, and, from long and personal obser- vation, has at last a:rived at the sage eouclusion that until this province of Grom: Pura, and especially that portion bordering on the “mighty, muddy river,” becomes settled and inhabited by « race of beings in whose veins rugs the blood of the Angio- Saxon, until that time shail arrive, the vast and almost unknown riches of the country will mike but a poor figure at the Custom House at Para, pane and profitable, and overshadowing even | towering imaginatio: s and anticipations of um- brageous live oaks! sede d the oak tree, and therefore claims a becoming notice of the incidents of the introduction of long | cotton, with which { shall con :lude this, the firs’ of | my communications, to bs followed by others if it | should prove acct ptable to you. A person named Bisset fi st introduced the black seed cotton, anc ted it at the lower eud of Gaskio’s Bluff, in 1795. My impression is tat its cultivation was for several years of very limited exteur. I should eay here, rather by way of paren: | thesis, that #hen in a me vapaper paragraph waich wes going the rovads a few years since, the same clam was advanced for the ryia iatands as be ing the first seat of the lopg cotwm culture in Am: nes, the claim was denied to me by a weil versed and premment native gentleman of East Florica. This gentleman informed me tha’ the Diack seed was planted at an earlier date in the portion of the country svuth of St. Augustine, Fia., on the Atlsntic coast, by several settlers, fom the Bahamas. Tne whole account of ths early Fiorida settieme ot ia within my reach, wita all the particulars of the ¢arly cotton planting there; bat ibese | wil reserve tor another dhapier. In 1803 Joba Cowper went over to Nassau, New Providence, and bought nine buadred Afzican ne groes, that wland then being a depos where con- siderable importa’ions were mad: from the African coast. Thomas Spaldig, who died in 1849, at a venerable age, and who for a long career in a later rtion of hie Life became honorably aud promineat ly ideutitied with ;ubhc affairs, he beiug also an early setiler op the Georgia coast, pu chased at the same time seven hundred f.om Nussau. The design or this was to enlarge the plautiag of Sea Itand coton. Messre. Cowper and Spaldiog opened plan- tatons on St. Simoms, and exten the long cotton culture by settling other places on the main. land, and by dispos‘ng of portions of their negroes to other settlore, over a wide range of couatry. Connected with the cuiture in this country, Hamil ton was united with Mr. Bechune, in England, ic a firm engs; te jal, and +o them the cotton yrown was shipped. It is probable that other importations of negroes were made, as — of Liberty county (the naned Pilgcim setuers,) acd ot other counties of rgia, approximate to the coast, made purchases of the negroes for their use. ‘Of the newly imzorted to the island, am tality was stayed by using a decoction of the root growing wila in this region, known as Fiorida coflee weed. But a more touching incident is related, and verified by wy informant, in the voluntary death of twenty otcer of the native Africans shortly after ‘their arrival. Thess twenty rushed togetn+ deli- berately off the bloffat Canon’s Pvint, St. Simons, aud were at once drowned. The despair which could bave Jed to this may be imagined, when it is mentioned that a prevailing impressioa existed among the negroes, derived from their teachiuug in Africa, that the white man brought them avay to the pew country to feed them, fat:ea them, and eat them. Voracious cannibals that we are! It may hardly meet with credence, bat it ie posi- tively stated to me, that of these native Africans on the island, there were severa' among them #ho prac tised writing, as my informant says, in Arabic. ‘These men were the alleged sons of disti hed personages, vanqnished in war, and as “ the fate of war” theirra e, sold to the purchaeers on ‘he African coset. The posssasion by them of such @ capacity, if the statement be oorre.t, is striking and impressive to the mind. They wrote lewers backwards and forwards to each other on the island — wrote with facility..One named Jim, tha’ belonged to an earlier importation, wrote letters cown to new comers on their later arrival, to learn about them and sbout » 5 Jim could keep ascounts on a alate, in tally with the overseer, of the cotton weighed, and would add up his column wit facility, in making it correspond with the cverseer’s tigures—and all this from an education in sn African:tongue and an Afri- cam school. My informant is a man of undoavied sonal knowledge; he knew the nego Jin weil, has seen his qualificutians in this way exnibited often; and strange and touching as incidents are, “they are no less to than the vouchers for the cr di- bihty of their reiation are undoubted. A few ottrr ‘incicents connected with these negroes, and I wul close. There were representatives among them of five nations. On one vc-asion one died from the bite ofa ratileenake. The negroes asked ptrmiasion to bury their brother according to the castoms of their country, which was of course granted. Thereupon, the rites of each of the five respective nations were performed over the body. Taey weuld charm ratie- snakes, and wave them around their neais in their -clinched bands; they administered rattlesnake tea asa cuie for pulmonary diseases. They were super- stiticus and Lap power their overaver had learned @ amatterin, their language, which they them- selves hud g in; but when trey considered the danger of the overseer learniog their receiving trom their triends at bome, every oae rapidly learned the English, and abandoned his own tongne for common par; were in palmetto tenta or huts—and eaca one had his piece of ground on which to grow hw corn sad vegetabies. When first eettied, each one was given e.pair of fowls and a sow pig. iA voluntary offer- ing of the women to the overseer, once a week, vas pn egg by each, brought and presented by ner own i They were permitted to have a jabilee ence every ear, ater housing the crop, wea a feast at a long table in a grove, was piovided; aud on sach oscu- sions, “like master like mau,” the negroes would imitate the white man’s order at the tavle, * noy bring me #0 and #0.” The desire to imitate toe - ” has since that been more faily develoy- 0 in the numerous 6 ene of tie gesus ‘ Phila delpby nigger,” which are now to b> seen. The women, in confinement, would not accep’ tae nx sistance’ .of a midwife, but would retire ioto toe “bush” when ia labor, underzo the pains of yarcu- rition ulone, and succeed in safely comple ing their | own delivery. ‘The negro.men on the is’ pe paote,sbirt and jack On every Saturday night the neg-oss practised their pative religious rites in theéc.camps; but Caris- than teaching, wuich 1s generally iucalcated by « e Scoutnern planters at the present dsy on his piacta- tion, wes not at that time insdiuted among tov islavd blacka. Kissisir. Sinking of the Propeller Westmoreland. SEVENTERN LIVES LO®T. The Racine Advocate learns tne following parti- culars of the loss of the propeller Weatmoreiand, i from Mr. C. Weight toe engivesr:— ‘The propeller Je!t Chicago on Satarday, the 22 of Decemver; stopped at Milwaukie and took ou 50 barrels of flour, avd then started for the noren, «: pecting to get woud a: Port Washington, bus the rea Was SO Leary that y were Oblig-d to retur: to Milwaukie for wood. On Wednesdsy morui¢ the propeller left Milwaukie again, aad made the south point of the Manitou Island, on Toursday at 10 o'clock; the seaqwas heavy, and the ice nad | tormed sp much on ber bows and sides thet sbe be- came water-logged, and her fires put out. She then floated avout four nours after ker fires were out, drifting to sea some fourteen miles, the aig oe and crew remeining on board until she gan to go a boats were }) aad yaw! was lost in launching. Tne pas. | wengers and crew filled the dife-boat from the harri «ane deck. There were ten pawengers on board, two or whom were Jadies, and the crew consisted of pine f + | ‘was upset, and two passengers were drowned. | Pare of The pamonger wee ot and twelve of tne | wo 8 were saved. | ‘The survivors iaxde the shore at Piatte River Bay, fist wecond mate, who footed each to Masis- tee, where took the Whirlwind sad srrived at | Mg ee e Rees could get them, as fellows * Miss Apne Boston, Mass.; , Wm. Saltonstall SSeemeey Soa unknown, and Wm. Mann. saved, Paal In fact, the cotton staik super- | ged in the manufacture of the raw ma- | told forty shority died of dyesntery; and the mor- | t veracity, and states these facts from his own per- | © quarters of the pegroes on the plantation | A were well clothe: | id the women equaliy | And why? you will ask. Simply because the na | tives, not being acquainted with tne luxuries of life, | of courte do not need them; in the matter ot clothes, | @ very small quantity suffices. The river abouads, literally swarme, with fish, the woods with game; every sand bank bas its monstrous; turtles and their bumberiess €ggy, and eres hut ita fruit trees bend: | 0101 ing bk neath the r gaudy colored burdens. Now, let me nek why should a race of beings na- tora)y indoles in the extreme—rendered stilt more fy by the heated air of che tropics—why shon'd sach & class go to work in downright earnest, lke a live Yankee, when nature has spread the table for them | witn onsparing hind, and invites them only to | wtretch forth @ hand and eat? A little rubber, a | few pounas of “evpaiba,” and a emall quanuty of | salted fish, just sufficient to pay for what sranty clothicg 18 requieite, ard to buy their “farina,” | | (ube Dread Of unis Coontry,) and you nave the sum Wtslof ‘Le producticn af a family’s yearly labor, Yet were seems no proszect of a change tor the better. “e ure alicgsther too saoguine ia relation to the opening of the Amazon. he inhabivante of | te porop of the Empire are, almost withoat | exception, bitterly opposed to the movement, lo %k- i: g upon tas a “lupe star” affair, snake their heads kc owingly wheo the subject is iner. duced, and make Weyrient uitusions to California, Texas, New Mexico | ond Cuba. ‘Times are very bad in Para—no business, no morey, aid with a fair prospect of remaining so. Incis rubber, the great export «f Para, is, compara- tively epeaking, worth nothing; the present buying | price in ibe \ ity being fifteen mit reis colors) per aroba of thirty pounds, sinking. | Independent of the abundance of the article in | foreign countries, another cause can be assigued for | the state of ‘ is, the market is flooded. A large New York aouse here has been almost rained by the high prives of last year, baving refosed their own paper for over two months, and even many owe large sums for rubber sbipped last year. Their loss cannot be es- timated at less than sixty contos of reis ($33,333 33-100), and are looked upon with much suspicion. Tue Feast of Nazareth terminated a short time sin: e—a very brilliant affair, by the way. On the last right of the jubilee, seven hundred dozen of rockets were thrown up st one time! | _ But the great affair of the season came off yester- day, being no less than @ live boat race, being the ' first thing of the kind that ever gladdened the eyes of the inhabitants of this goodly city. Eighteen | fessor Wolff on manures, ia { ness ie ‘about eight | gradually | ices in this market—namely, the fact | soch @ tremendous price during the | stirred up” a crowd of people to | migrate to the rubber district, and the consequence | their composition, is often « most interesting bu dificult probiem to tre roquicer. The Omniscies and Omvipotent Being disp!ass bis own euperiority tohis cre itures by “hroudiow ina veil, tm | ble by the wises! of our sp cles, maoy of toe most fartope a cous in pavure, Ame jo lov or fwda in vegetables dnction ssto them of their parti- 1 ulstion, &c. This F. ¥ t argument against the peng of nitrogen b « lutroduc’d jako planta om any other source but the great nate al reser- yoir of Itin atm spheric sir, and throug their leaves, is not alsclutely devial Byan he sup- poees that the roots may absorb a portion of this from the air ebich. +reteates the soll. Why, then, may notanciher prion enter oy the same way in tha shape of ammouiaca: pus mingle} with sie ae in water, with which it ie most readily soluble? Tae possibility of this bas sitb tto beer aniveraally be jieved, or at least by al] except ‘a few;” and, a8 the very great acd salu’ary ff ote of Peruvian era have been as sear avkuowle: ged, this 1) y bas been received as fully establiehed by the best evidence which the natu e of the case allows. F. claims that the phosyhates are taken up by the roots of plants from vhe soil, because weir cle ments are found in the plants, and they cannot be | derived from the atmosy' cre, as tuat does not con- | tainthem. The phosphates are insoluble ia waver, aud neither he nor 1 cas teil with covtainty how then they can be so taken ap. We see toa it lets is so, and must adou; it, Prima facie there | is stronger reason to sup ose that a soluble sab- stance may be imbibed by seots than an » one; ana innumerable and inconteetibie proofs from experiments attest this to be the fact with re- apest to ammonia. F. quotes Liebig’s remarks on the fertility of the delta of the Nile and the fivice of Holland, with bis conclusion, supported taereby, that the atmoe- phere may afford nitrogen enough to prodace large crops through successive ages, without the ii tion of any substance concaniog nitrogen ty mingle with the soil. Neither Liebig mor F. telis us .oe rewults in either country of maourivg wita Pera- vian guano, or any other substance conta'ving ut- trogen. If such experiments shouid produes no eftect in Egypt or Huliacd, we might sv02 ma- nure was wi rthkss; «-, if the crops were dex troyed, (as F. teaches they might be.) we myht say that ammonia in fatal to vegetation, We nave every reason to belicve thut the svile of Holiand { acd the delta alluded to wight be rendered, still more tertile by Peruvian gusno, A is a compound of two of the simole substsnces of prime importance in the constitution of plante-—nitrogen and hy: ; and it is, doubt- less, decomposed in the secret laboratory which is established in every blade of grass, by ibe ineccuts- ted its Maker, and the parts dispored aright | in wonderful process of vegetation. | as can gee nothing beyond the visible effects, and | these have been attested by taousands of coacur- ring witnesses as equally strong and decisive against all the cther elements of plants, as each im its turn would be as fatal to as ama nia, if applied in excess; for be knows that plant cannot live in carbon, in oxygen, in air, alone, or in his favorite phosphate of lime. If bis against ammonia is just, thea it is equally so it every | substance essential or useful so vegetati But let us go to facta : I should fill your paper, Mr. Editor, if I should attempt even to name the witnesses who have at- | tested the practical value of ammonia in manures. I will briefly cite two or three recent writers, re- ferring your )eacers to almost any of the scientitie and practical works within their reach for further information. | _ The Cultivator, in October iast, (page 308,) oom- | mences 2 translation of an 4: of tae Ge-man pro- ich @ multitade of were entesed for the contest, being ships’ | rnlesand cautions are given for the formation of Isunches, long boats, etc., and the manner of ran- | composts, the main object of which is to | ppg wos something peculiar: they were divided into tive classee, each class running by itself; the conqueror of each clavs, being five, then cam to- | even of the and secure as large an amount aa ble of ammo- nia. He represents that above half the weight, st, is water, while he thinks even ene | gether for the first prize, a Brazihan tlag rich'yem. | half per cont of ainmonia is well worth uli the pains brovdered with gold, won by an American mercoant, Semnel G. Pond, of The other prizes consisted of a silver oar, telescope, maps, K<., an American, was moored as the ‘ard » gun Jrom on board was the the couree being ‘allel with and direct); of the city sea wi +&c., was crowded with thousands of preeroiiring gentry. The steamers Rio Negro, Marsjo, in front eels in the harbor. Aboard the splendid repast was served 4; passed off to the satinfs Among the boats entered was a ten oared boat, be- ferent steamers a | also w very handsome six oared write boat, Ameri- tenor Apacieto E. de Silva. Ali of the afferent boat's (crews were tastefally dressed in caer resec tive colors. Cread exists els from the States bet a few days at the fort, three miles f:om the city. ; sel, but promise to bea more regalar correapond- ent in future. Don Ramy. The Gaano Business, | TO THK EVITOK OF THE HERALD. 1 am gratified to learn, from the second letter of | published in your paper | Cditor of the Genesee Farmer and Southern Oulti- your correapondent ‘‘I',” on Wednesday, the 6th inst., first, tha; the uuthor is | | “matorally generous and forgiving;” secon i, that he | did not intend “ to aunounces new era in agricul+u ral chemiastry;” third, that he has “geserously” + of startiag, | to al for leaviag, | , Which, as qell as the balconies, | to 212 deg., be had drivem it off in , and the whole affair | of all interested. | directions, from a correspondent, tor forming a ma- | _ No news of importance to furvish you by this ves- | and expense which be epjoine. Even sheep’s ma- nure, valuable as it is for its ammonia, he informs us, contains only one per cent. wen by the newly formed ‘Club Maritimo,” jailey thinks that even a far less percentage Phe “ Imperatriz,” belonging to Mr. | of ammonia 18 well worth ing, even D. B. Upton, and commanded by | at much expense of labor and care; for, prove the advantage of wetting ma nure in dry weather, to prevent the evaporati-n of smmonia, be telis us that by heating stabie manure proport:on of 2 Jo. to 1,600 lbs. of manus. What, then, mast be the value of Perovian guano, which, according te Movarcho, were dressed der ym free also all ves- | F., must contain, not th:ee-fourths of s pound, bat | about 900 Ibs. of ammonia’ Tne same nomst of the Cultivator als> contains nure as good ay Peruvien guano, in the op:sion of longing to tbe Brazilian war brig Oapibecibe, aud — the writer, which requires « great variety of iogre- dients, some of considerable cost, on Balt, and: thers: ¢ n builo, the Carolina, entered by and balocging to | of so cixguating u uacure that fow men, lapp-ehend, could be bired to perf «m the task; and tnen his , Views are in mavy prcts eo directly opposed to , thove of Wolffand most otners, that his pian er At present, the bealth of Para is good; but a great | t: eire must ce:tainly fai’. here een to the cholera, all ves- | 8 subject to qaarantins of | intelligent farmers to do, as thousands ate vow With these things in view, how natura) it is for parol J in bee ire ted tuis country hace ¢lse- where, to turn from a8 Processes, 8 pro- duce an uaceriain and almost useless mauare, te Peruvian guano, whose small bulk, cleautiness and otber advantages, already preps ed and fit for use, with precise rules established for ia applisation, and a sure promise of speedy and liberal re mite? Professor Lee, of the Georgia University, and vator, says that walle ble maaure ie worth Brevisa ay, eee 10 is wo th fifty dollars, and he refers us to ‘ the Patent (fire re- | ports for 1851 and ‘52, pre when he had charge of that department,” numerous answers to inquiries in reference to the value of guano as a saved me the labor of making msay apt quotations | tertihzer, | from Liebig to show taat he regarded nisrogen as | “ an essential elomentia vegetation,” as the doctrme | which I attributed t> him in my former letter to you, that be is well qualitied and kindly dis osed to teach some of the simple principles of’ agrical:ural chemistry to the ignorant, as he has shown at some Jength; fifth, that he has allowed me an opporcunity tonbow the advantage over hiraseif, in the msia po- tition which he assumed in his former letter, which the truth gives me. But I regret that he has omit- | ted all notice of several important points to which I invited his attention. 1 have one or two remarks to make uoder each of the preceding heads; and shull study brevity, being aware of the crowded state of your columns. Ist. If | misrepresent F. in any case, it will not be intentional, and 1 soull always enceavor to do fom justice, in ® spirit as “ generous” as bis own, ‘2d. T supposed he imcended to announce “ a new Te ih sgricultwzal chemistry,” because he said, in his fist etter, that the Comuntt-e of toe Honse of | Representatives, last summer, were induced to pro | po-e legieiating ou the impor'ction of Peruvian since proves thet it is worthless. stad bim to anesn, that he claims noting j new, eiher in fact or theory, ageinat the ubny of guano, aud therefore an at a low fur Die meaning im the above remark; for | TL eanuot allow myself to suypos a maa of bik | Koowe dpe #0 ign -rant as to imagine the the deadly | influeues of pure ammonia to sual 4u1 vere ibe i now under- { tite. Woe Koown but to‘ few until base Say! | and yet. on the otuer hand, te fouuos aus oajec | Hep to Pernvien gusno wholly and solely ov an kenMmpaen endrely iavonsistoas vitu one of the AD excess, it Caunot but be aplied qudalties, and yw Wiatever © auecthou or si coMete ces. Accordiag to thx g it would kill os to ingle a few wath Mon, Deretore it iv ceath to Ioatint, the smallest amaoaiaca: «m £ hotcle to Yo Lore of a famnting person! Kecanse amawois ix fatal to plants when heaped on tneir roots, thare sore is so when used in miuute portions, aad not placed on the roots. tf these couciusions are egiti- aie and are to be admitted by meu of s:ience, I still think “@ new era” must bs dayoing. foe | reade- wul please to bea: in mind that this is the the atmnosvhere, is quite @ distinct thing, and w: Tam ander no obligations to adopt, merely because 1 quoted bim on the above point of fact. tecreta,and the intelligence they were writing and | (although noboay would be likely to doub’it;) four:h, | an guano. kbaro, because they suppose it to be a valuabls | the principlos and arguments waich we have | menure, m copsequence of theirignorstez of some | Considered, what dow the think thwg, then known only “to a few,” which bas | | ! | An interesting fa:t may be mentioned here, (which | yet Mn not uvknown to F.,) thet Professor | ps the manu ‘actare of his celebrated manure | in New Jersey, uses twenty-five per cen of Peruvi-~ ‘ne same prac:ice is also pursued by a. menafacturing houre in “iddletowa, C an. Without stlenpelak even to notice any of the hundreds and thousands of and unqualified testimonials which heve been publisned in all parte of the Untted States acd Great. Beitain, in favor of the great euperiority of Pern- | Vien guano over every other manure, [ will barely remark, that the most satisfactory of ie value, to those who look tor practical evi » is afforded by the extraordinary incre we of Corey in all parta of this country ard Fogland q! it hes been used. Farmera who have the first year tried only small quantities, on account of its supposed dearvess, in the tello-ing ;¢ar have retarned for bet supplies. Muititudes nave satisfied themselves of its va'nable fertilizing properties ; and al! F's Ties sas Rindeaad wrosetiohes Rietieconenaite m that 8 Vegetation. snow fact beyond dispute. ic 1848, ten thoussnd tons of Peruvian guaao were sufficient for the supply of the United States, while the year over one bur dred thousand tons have been required. Now, wit» all these facta in view, with ha: ort myself? reader question in dispute between F. and Will it be believed that, ia ell forms, de grees and circumstances, “ammonia is a cor- tosive olson to puimas! and vegetable life,” that it ie never useful t crops? Both these be bas asserted and eedeavored to Bat bas he made out ether poiut, theoriti: or practi- - easly? If so, whiee acc how? He seems to me romewhat iike # p-is04 wao bas used a botele too boldly, sua so got an overdose of amme- via. He cannot imagine how @ moderate quantity, j jously applied, con possibly pro vucea harmless, ven a salutary and effect, while his rom nien | & ped es joung man, 16 excited, hiv utt rance impeded, hie and all hia perceptions obscured. Tae of. fects. howeve:, must be transient, and he will soon. secover the proper use of his senses and his mind. His superior s-ientitic acguirements will then en- - uble him per etve the tchth, and his “ wnd forgiving” nature will tecline bim do % homage aud ackuewl dye the real merite of your somewhat volatile, pungent and titillating, but realby bone st and well meat ing fiieud, "Kexoma, Rowan Carnoric Ceveary NaDA.—~] Mc ptreal Witness we fiat tecietea thd tina aiee attack made on a Frencs Camedian familc by « ground ay ¥. has assumed, and on which I am eon deg to the rotestant faith, a is » meet him. ectable person, and there we vs Pad noe! from Liebig head exactly rite besvection We quote vor tio Wa rf istin et, vite | On the afternoon of the “lst Octab: Poll | iat toca som snety else) oe fact b lien, a colporteur of the ‘Grane Farlh « a m rege RtroRER, is sn ewsontial element of ean tog | ered the bouse of ome Louie Pousssint, who le 6 Jones Fm tac from A pret t convert to P.otestantiom. Tu the evoning, as s00n father, Andrew Pous- the Your readers, Mr. Kditor, will ensily perceive that | party of ruffisnly fellows, with blackened cme this question is of much ‘importsoce 40 F.in ae- teeed tue ouee,arsena Trick ehorbs booty ellckaased fending his position Cad Peruvian gasno; for | begen to beat and maltrest the inmates in the most the ammonia with whic! it is charged, in such in- heartless and shocking ma‘ner. The old man, who com CF. says more than 50 per |'bon been & Protestant a long time, and bears an ex- cent.), contains an immense quanti:y of nicrogen; | ceilent , was evidently an object of bat it Ficen how ta pleats cae veceive aitrogen cial hatred; his head was aadly cut, and one or only trom that store ef if which the utmosphere von | other blows fell tpon different parte of bis tains, as one of its chief ingredienta, then of course | and he was so mich hurt as to conned to in any other substance | bed for eome time. The young man also s pobre wnwedind = tn! hoe or form; anil, therefore am nonia in Peruvian woun: heed, value. The reader wil also per. ba Tig a tude,eahe has fo ston of es ntable,fovaaaton ‘and ull the party were ip; No one he cfmoeaped, No gts hm sqeaangd i