The New York Herald Newspaper, August 26, 1854, Page 3

‘Bue Russians are retreating from the Priacipall- Wes. There is not much doubt now but that they are hastening to defend the Crimea. Although an sttack on tle Crimes is intended, there appears to Dea diegraceful want of knowledge as to the part where this attack is to be made; and notwithstand- . lug it was announced by the Times, as from autho rity, that the Crimea was under way, subsequent intelligence only states that surveying mut it ie parties are out examining the coast of the Crimea. | grave men ‘The Russian army in the Principalities is only one fica Aandred and twenty miles from the Crimes. Jt can here, no doubt, before the allied forces can land, = ip ving the latter a warm reception. te of persons are, however, that the whole of the operations in about the Crimea. The Rus- TO lo Be- zt 'rimea. utmost surprise and mortification has been im England at the news that a Russlan steamer m Turki Borshnat ships, and shasol wn "laden inh wartke stores rie Circassia. This shows tl e eer to strike a blow at their enemies, and abe that 43 ee "3 5 Sebastopol is not well by the alhed fleeta, Ramors as again rife Ear Dundas is to be recalled. The whole of the German States, with Prussia at their head, are confederated to; y—what little there is of it—of She Gonrteat Piensa ae Nearly ali the crew and officers of the r have ly Tige’ tb the pure Muscovites, who were very fanati- operations of the allies had spparently not made the slightest impression ‘empire. ‘The destruction of Greytown has excited consi- ‘erable attention in England, and wil! ox-ite more when: farther advices respecting it ‘The Moreing Post ‘cems the eS wee Blsck | tant mn out a mistake and failure. There ap- | 10 resign. ee extrao:dinary ignorance amongst the oh Satie) to, aud | diecreet and the Russians have neglected | eminence in Russians negiect no | fiom without will, probably, ere ther to oppose the | after a tranquil Heo toterlor before they were cncbangehe foes ne, | drawn’ towards, er. into, the “mighty” vortas r e were ex: re- | drawn ards, . * is jlie war was by no means ‘mnsopalar Heppily for her the nation is sound R To you it on the Rassian J houl ved. | fact is rightl: Sitoavat “he soraslnie erat off Mr. Bright—whem he termed“‘s champion of that he could hear of neither oe, 80 peaceable hist pes moral favo. wa. gure him the House of Com moas toe erally understood that serious and Feroogio to, or connected in any de- the ‘istration, view eye po- crisis with great diaquietude. Taey think the ee iy is maoring, whea pote inion— throu, agency of parties—ceases be: ‘They think that even in the face of a great ministry who cannot carry e single impor- tant measure unconnected with that war ought They see, or fancy that. they danger of a } court party up under such cir-umstances, whose, optlar——iaay- imperl. Paslasnontery fg my} tary iy men, I repeat, of great station , Who have themselves risen t> chief atmosphere of the House of Con- mons, and wh> set the highest value on that public life which is the very spirit of the English coustita- tion, sbare t' ese sentiments and openly express them. Lord Aberdeen himself was never a mem- ber of the House of Commons, and ma ciently understand them; but a gentle pressure long open his eyes. The state of Spain is becoming @ source of deop anxiety to all who are watching the sp which every now and then shoot up from Political crater. Itis sur Ba that Tievnenee oh for years, ir pose about to © She sedormost Tintta of the ‘centres haa enjoged "&. blewed tm it a wed im- ame fin “all lity be gradually witb, ipfloenoe—al roment. the coun! not snffi- atcore. Taat reasons for dissatisfaction exist is not denied—they sve to be found in every country under the sun. may seem intolerable that a privileged jd be suffered, from whose ranks all the chief a} pointments, as arale, are made. It cer- tainly does eeem an absurdity, and at times the: one of murmur and protest. But er the system does not work amiss, tewn an act of atrocious cruelty. The Davy News | and its grosser features become dai’y leas ap te wishes that the whole continent of Ameri‘a be- eee Se vatee States, as it would by better for ‘Tbe United Sates journals get more and more in the Evglish newspapers. This is owing to intimate relationship between England aad the States, through the vast emigration golog en ‘from English ports across the Atlantic, an: from the rapidity and frequency with whi:h the news is brought from America to On Monday or Tuesday morning Amori- vurnala, ws appesrs in the London é Cunard steamer, and on the following appears-three days latter news brought by Collins steamers In @ pariiamentary paper ‘en the mai) steam packet service, recently published, the Ameri:an lines of steawers are recognized as a @ecatest between the United States for the supre- macy of the seas. The lors which tue English gov- erment sustains by Cunard’s packets is above 300,000 dollars ayesr, A | feyeon was made for ‘the B:itish steamers to land the Ameri.an mails at Halifex, but Canard would not hear of it. He stated tothe jarliamentary commission that if nis mail subsidy was donbled he would be obliged to run to New York. or he would lose all his passenger and goods traffic. Spain is still disquieted; disputes have arisen between Espartero and. O’Donnell. Tne former ‘wishes to get the Queen Mother out of the country na fast as | mein ‘Donnell itsists npon making the idimous Christica ty bee Fighting is still | eg en in Barcelona. ‘partero ~ome years since chance of power, and of establishing a li- Bere. gevernment, ject strange want of de- termination and energy. is Tes; for royal per: posages wi!) serra egain cause his fall. It woald be bat just tothe Spanish nation, and an act of righteous retiibution, if the infamous Queen Mother ‘we e made to restore to the nation the vast gums of | which it has been robbed by her. Lonoon, Aug. 1}, 1854. Ghose of the Session of Parliament—The Coalition Administration—The Governorship of Austra &a—Lord Palmerston’s Individual Policy in Con- ) ; [radistinction to that of hié Colleagues—Spain and ‘ts Political Prospects—O'Donnell and Espar- s tero—The English Aristocracy and the Masses-~ The Project of an Iberian Kingdom, §¢., §c. ‘he lat hours of one of the most remarkable sessions of the English Parliament in modern days, are rapidly approaching, and the same mediam which conveys these observations across the far Atlantic will probably inform you of the proroga- tion. Mr. Disraeli is doubtless preparing to deliver Mmeelf of a philippic wothy of an occasion so admirably suited to his powers of sarcasm; and it @anect be denied that many who have no sympa- ties with that gentleman, either personal or politi- q@al, will not be unwilling to hoar him give form | and shape to thoughts which are rife in the bosoms | @f sumerous reflecting parties. Composed of individuals, the like of whom for | general knowledge, high attainment, disciplined ftalent, parliamentary and diplomatic training, it | may be questioned whether Eagland in her | most palmy énys ever before witnessed, ‘the coalition admisistration hag proved the moat signsl experimental failure in opr parliamen- fary history. It was ushered into life amid pans end cries of rejoicing. All England shout- @d in ite honor—sponzors were at a premium—and ‘he royal child, in the estimation of all bat a can- fenkerous cet, was pronounced alike beantifal to | Iook upon, and emblematio, or prophetic of genius, | Ales! for the vanity of earthly hopes—the beauty has become a monster, and instead of leaving behing | i the bright halo of genius, it will be remembered | ‘bat to point a moral and adorn a tale; that it still | Hives, ia only to say it breathes ; from step to step, from hour to hour, it lias reeled to and fro likea @runken man, and that. it does not fall flat on its | face, inertand senseless, is simply because it mects | with cuffs and kicks, buffetings and thrusts, from so many points of the political compass that eacks | for from dm seme measure, negatives the other; and the sturmed and stupified abortion keeps ite iegs in | spite of itself. ‘The last unfortunate business, respecting the ap- pointment of a Governor of Australia, has been the eaddest turn of all. The Honorable Mr. Lawley, « yeunger son of Lord Wenlock, and connected with the family of the Marquis of Westminster, | is @ young gentleman of distinguished acade- mie talent, but unfortunately given to play. His friends desired to wean him from the turf and from ‘ite gambling associations, and procured a seat for fim in Parliament. Mr. Gladstone, Chancellor of fhe Exchequer, made him his private secretary; and fin defiance of a well manele: rule, aa applied to servant mg ng funds. There bag and roel allow her to carry her | Pipers they exercise is often quite as much the re- ber, | fined by the facilities which their The aristocrati: phalanx is contiaual! 1e- cruited by alliances with the moneyed class, which iteelf is. generally one remove from the lowest rank of the people. e class essentially aristocratic ia not proud and overbearing—its youth are early im- oes with tbe trath their socisl elevation in scale is more than neutralised withont yersonal acquirements, and that the most powerfal British Thane is nothing without moral as qell as material influence. Ouc great universities of Ox- ford and Cambridge may be cited in proof of this, where it is ecen toat the most unassuming, most prudent, most obedient and pains-taking members oa body are pang mgr mye Lat posing extending aa as conquest. X Mee schools, too, they are lly se-n. to be the mildest and most forbearing members of the youthful community. One shiog is neusily maie a great point of by those under whose guardianship they are when at home—that they should attain the artof “thinking aloud,” and expressing them- selves with ease and a certain deference; and as this isan art which may be imparted, very few of the nobility are tound who cannot decently acquit them selves in this respect. They soon have an opportu- nity of doing #0, either as Toagistrates at Quarter Sessions, Poor Law Guardiaas, wnose weekly as- setnblages are a species of little partiament, and at general public maseibes, and from an experieace of mapy years of publi: life, I sm able to say that the it of this mental attainment, and of maoners, re- position gives them of travelling, agof their social rank. Taat the junior members of the aristocray readily find place the army and navy, and the subordinate offices of the State—that a path is act at once opened for them to follow, while others must fight their own way, I do nt dispute—nay, more, that in case of delin- jnency, ee ay is not brought to bear; bat the ; rese of Bngland is at bottom the property of the people—its true interest lies with them ; and ita ready exposure in such cases is of immense benefit to the pablic good, and a tremeudous check to the clase, even thougt it failed in its object. Besides, the Ouglish peovle, as a people, are not desirous taemselves of office and pat- ronage—whether from beiug acoustomed always it, to see such the poly. of tie highest rack, or y thelr commer. bull they do not aéek and believe their own good ght hands can aleays do more for them than av-y official favor. It is there: fore a mistake Lemar Cheoghm= we are saxslagyy race, ground down @ tyrant aristocracy. e eo deed, 9 breec! Deo pgp which 3 sometimes insuppertable; or, contrary, there is an immenre general sympathy wito te ‘struggle come Gisnnion with that class will not be the danger. The reform, toleration, and corn bilis, have done won- clasa to class, aud every one feels that the effect of tiese measures is increasing the ‘excitement so largely that a growing feeling Manifesting itself in favor of secaring the aris:o- cratic element from further fovaston. Do not ima- ine that this is me’e aristocratic twadole aad toa- jem, but rather understand it as the bd thoee who forthe last five and twenty years have taken sp active part in all the progrossive measures hy | ceived them with open which bave stirred the inmost beart.of England. Bat to retarn to Spain. With the sorry fruits of & coslition bef re our eyes at home, we Cannot ne- cesearily have any great faith in that which has just been formed there. We hear, to be sure, that mo- dersdoes on the one side, and p ocressistas-on the other, bave resolved to stand ani » While O’Don- nell apd the chiefs of either party—are working their way through the fir-t difficulties of the revived. constitution. Will the leaders them- selves be able to play, at. the same time, the part of the willow and the oak—to bend and twist before ad- verse currents and stormy winds, and yet stand {irm? O'Donnel is certainly a man of no erdinary metal. Ttree of his brothers perished in the Carlist army, that to which throughout he was himself opposeo— nay, his youngest brother, the one of all he most loved, was shot at Barcelona by his own soldicre, when a prisorer, as a reprisal. His mother was lady of henor to the wife of Don Carlos, and at this time joined her earnest solicitations to those cf the Pretender, that he wonld join the legitimiste ; and his iren son! stood firm, though it is understood he felt most bitterly t e fate of his brother. Sach | aman must have something in him, and will do | what he haz once determined. His exterior is re- warkable. Tal), and of commanding figure, his strongly marked eyebrows, the steady of his eye, his slightly c! lips, and the width of bis im, announce that no oscilistions are to bs looked him, when once his will has been declared. A ora Mt Mc) » come: PE aed . Ofmiddle height, sixty years | of age, at but not looking more then fifty, he a Joh forehead a black eyes, ane is Lips— readily to a smile—a mingle | appearance of Kivdoess and frankness, and of tee courage which he carrics to recklessness. By the | services which he has rendered, he is the first of all | the living Spanish commanders. It is kvown tiat be is a good comrade to his soldiers, and when ho mw — troops in former sethe cameie, hag ba supp Espartero often me! culty from private fortone. Ekts wife is the da: ker, who never hesitated to give when the army was to be seryed. Espartero was of obscure femily. He had no other fortune but his sword, and he never disdained his ; but when Regent of Spain, with the order of the Golden Fleece on his breast, being surprised by the visit of his uncle, a small contractor of Toads, and his two female cousins, who were dressmakers, he re- arms trees for curious and Ri e fe they were aon! Frerch and Englisl ont for the troops. A they found Bomersund strougly fortified with a gar rison of 2,000 wens She Ne of resisting si Utiack Our Paria Ocrrespendenc:. Panis, Thursday, August 10, 1654. Fite of Nepoleon—Preparations inthe Ohamps Ely- sées and Champs de Mars—The War in the East —Total Evacuation of the Principatities--Mate vial Guarantees to be Demanded from Russia— ‘The Revolution in Spain--The Influence of E+, partero alveady Declining—Dread/ul Sdtnes at Barcelona-—Iitness of the Duke de Vittoria— Pros- pects of the Progresistas--Mobilization of the German Federal Army. While on the 12th of August, peers and members of Parliament, stalwor:h bac’ elors with £500 a year neat, bankers; barristers, and the whole sqaire- arcby of England, are hastening to, or certainly thinking of, the moors, and their innumerable asso- ciations of four o’olock in the morning, double bar- rels rough, short-legged pointers, bags of grouse, and delicious luncheons—France, on the 15th of August, is wholly occupied in preparing for her an- nual féte of Napeleon. Nations, as well as indi- viduals, have their specific tastes. I confess, for myself—if one may venture to speak of so humble a personage—tbat having, in the days of my youth, followed to the field, and shared in the strange ex- citement, the nervous and bracing labors of sport, Twou'd rather have an hour’s walk among the nortvern heather, and bag a brace of grouse, than assist at the most gorgeous spectacle it might be in the power of lights, music, squibs, rockets, or trans- Parencies to prodace. Bat I am not‘a Frenchman. At the same time it is difficult ‘not to believe that reunions of this kind, where different grades of s0- ciety meet together on an equal footing—and the expression may be taken literally, for horses and carriages, and all such insignia of wealth, are rigidly excluded—and where rank and pre- cedence stand shoulder to shoulder, in joxta- position with blouses and canaille, have ‘not somo. thing to do in producing that charm of manner 5) conspicuous among the lower orders, and which, by their forbearance, good humor, and politeness, ren- ders a French crowd as safe forthe moat delicate lady as her own boudoir. The Champs Elysées at this moment present rama. The such occasions spectacles of this kind ig to be if are é due to the appearance of some vast workshop. Loads of timber by the hundred, have been thrown down in the broad avenue, to be delivered over to the car. penters’ and mechanists’ handicraft; and alreaiy, on either side, the ample road which leads to the Arch of Triumph, may be seen a series of graceful arches, which, mingling with the tall trees, have, even now, @ picturesque effect. Already, too, colossal chande- liers, sustained by cords suspended from giganti> posts towering above the lofty trees, are poised in the middle of the avenue; and when lit will pro- duce the effect of some splendidly illaminated ball- room. The rond. point is and @ magnificent sphere , lighted up with m of many colored lamps, will take its place. kiosks ‘are being erected for orchestral purposes, and the gardens of the fuileries are arrangiag their arlands of divers softly shaded lamps and hivese illursinetions ; while im: before the clock tower of the palace, @ monster con- cert, for which a species ot pagoda is to be raised, will give life and animation to the gorgeous pano- more general introdaction of m the Emperor. Formerly, Mmited their attractions to the one sense ; but now the ear, as well ag the eyo, tifled. The Champa de Mars is as busy as siege were about to befull it. Workmen are laborirg night and day to build Pe in paptemimic guise, the gallant mon may be enacted, ard where the domincering legions of the Czar may meet with signal discom- fiture. The weather seems likely to: be uaspicious ; ang of the million inhabitapts of Paris, it may be a safe calculstion that two-thirds at least will be out ef doors on the 15th of August. divested of 1ts fountains, ‘inds il ted iately a Silistma, whore, leeds of the Otto- The Monikur, after announcing that the King of oy ses o} on the 8th ivst. exchange is that Austria supports France and Bog'and manding guarantees from Rawis, in onder; bling the reposs of Ratope may not agate tabs leon ¢ rt “ pledges, bevel; until the ¢saualisament of ® with thecabines of Sr. guarantees be obtained. Tae * annotoces the Tacki-h peesersion of .Becharest on the 5th, ani thet many regigenta. cries d * the in-addition to the epidemi: which has to the men, a disease has brokea oot among tac ges s eral peace, not to treat tersburg, until’ such same’ joornel itkewise Prath. the Belgians has just conferred the the order of Leopold on ter of Foreign Affairs, envoy has jart made known to tbe cabinet of Vienoa the fact of his complete evacuation of the Prinei vati- ties of Wallachia and Mold via; that notwitustand- ing this declaration, M. le Comte de Bool, M. le Bawon de Bourguensy and Losd Westmoreland did notes, the resalt of whieh M. D-ouyn states that y & most destructive character. id creas of de Louys, Minis- the” Rassian » taas too, been 60 fatal As regards the soldiers, that hetweea Oursitcheni aad Obi- leachti, 21 villages, transformed into hospitals, were counted. In Greece, Mar rocordato has pabl ‘she programme, in which the throne an are piomised equal conservation. There ignothing of a nature to be relied on from the Black Sea. opition prevails that the Tunex has been somewhat da id constisaticn An matare in -its intelligence. about the siege of Se- jtopol, and that the troops embarked at the Bor Crimea. phorus on the 30th of July were ratner for Circas- sla than the From the Battic, we hear that on the ist of The sews fromm 9} in consid eration tina ie the object of such is impossible to get ber out of Spain by the road Saragossa to Oloron; more impossible still that she should embark at Valencia or Barcelona; aod it hae therefore been decided: to conduct her to the frontier of Portazal. Bat her mere ong sufficient. Not only her joiutare, which, legally, her second marriage bas fo. titied, but & retrospo:- tion bill is to be laid before Cortes, by which Queen Mot: er is to be made to disgorge wast. for several years, a5 wife of Munoz, she has received first marriage with Ferdi nand VI, The barricades disappear with difficalty. Already Kspsrtero has excited some discontent; aud if private let‘ers may be de enthusiasm of the first days is fe fona is of her anchored. h, had August General Baraguay 4’Hilliers waa expected to land at Aland, in the neighborhood of which Tne two Admirais, been anxiously lookiog private letter atates that for jeations On a rook, ca- ot fired at 25 or 30 metres. Lue was, however, exyected to commence in three or four days at the latest. 2 x isiateresting. Maria Chris- | eanguinary hatced that it | of is not nde upoa,the if OF Baroes reported to have passed through the it is are the masters by divide the fixed, the + to who is Eapartero bills, “Patt teal ik 10 ion wi But there ie tewsd on dreadful ordeal of a ten hours’ fight; and though the socialists have been put down, and order, it is said, bas the canse of become triumphant, if tiie report be trne, the most ae friends of Spain cannot but look on with di: Concha, comes to Paris, The jietude and 3 », and O} ante has nominated the fante Dop Henry de Bourbon to the rank of chief of & Daval squadron. Gen: Olano—such are the strange ch: m review ‘The bank of Ban Fernando has advanced 15, reals to the Minister of Finance who is. and not MoWaro, as I a fete for the be gotiation of treesary r De; ol hee lied to be been rados effec Catindo in goncal re oe ian 8 re & feeling of mistrust. mode- pr ogressistan evolation—the of it. It is true O’Dounell, Sees ft af H ; Soe ace Hi f Fy rs F, : 3 E 2 4 3 f elves hich us @ messure o| vinot negate, ee Sa, inh a. ar ay man, the woakest ‘at of the rh F Hi t : i ia tt i land. Rear—no | when and in what proportion the confederation one expect last, | shonla make. its armaments. Tl is found that the Paes me forth | entrance of the Austrisns into Wallachia rea- who, invisi the | ton to fears collision with Rusia, anittuat eemeny jeen of society if at rer oye that the forces of the Gormanic confede- Feet. RivEASITY Cups, on are ready to defend the frontiers of Austrie fa de- that trob- from Strood to Canterbury, plontion Ve railway along Thames be rendered continuons’as far which a direct communication will tween Portsmouth and exten- sion of the Midland Railway from Leicester Hitchin, on the Grest Northern Railway, by which 8 second line of communication will bo ‘afforded from the midland districts to the metropolis; ‘and the Worcester and Hereford Railway, by waich @ more diiect route will be ey between tne mid- — frelans be portant line would appear in Ire » the most im it line a to be the Londonderry end Coleraine Railway by i which a direct route will be afforded between Bel- | fost and Levdonderry; and the Londonderry, Cole- raine and Sligo Railway, which will afford a direct | communication from to Londonderry, and to | olin, The total length of railway which has been au- thorised by Parliament to the end of 1853, is 12,688 miles. Of this nunber of miles, 7.686 have been opened for traffic, leaving 5,002 3 to be complet- €d; but the compulsory powers of 2,838 miles have | ex, without being exercised, or tie railways | beimg o;ened to the end of 1853. The length of railways for the construction of which Pariiamen- tary powers exist is 2,164 miles. The length of railway opened previously to Desember, 1843, was 2,036 wiles, The length opened in tne year 1844 ‘was 204 miles; in 1845, 296 miles, in 1846, 606 miles; in 1847, 803 miles; in 1848, 1,182 miles, sn 1849, 869 miles; in 1850, 626 miles; in 1851, 269 miles; iu 1862, 446 milea; and in 1853, 350 miles, making the total length then opened 7,636 miles; 6f which 5,848 mniles are in England, 996 in Scotland, and 843 miles i ieleon of th tl incl je len e narrow gauge rallwiy, inclu- ding the Irish gauge of 54 footie 6,965 mi lee, cf the brcad gauge 626 miles, and of the mixed guuge 95 miles. The nomber of railway companies haviog single lines ef railway at the end of 1853 was ‘7, the len: cp haf i arrow gauge lines, includin; Trish gange, 1,543 miles, of broad gauge 11 wiles, and of mixed gauge 53 1,708 miler; cf which 1,135 miles of single line are in oer 132 miles in Scotland, and 441 miles in eland. Of the single line opened at the end of the year 1852, 32 miles 46 chains in Eogland, and 41 miles 76 cosine in Ireland, have been-made double during the year 1853. The t total length of new line which was opened du) ing the year 1853 amounted to 350 miles. Of the tines opens in England, tho principal ones are—the Oxfcrd, Worcester, and Wolverhamp- ton railwey trom Wolvercot to Eveabam, by waich the maputacturing districts near Birmingham, the town of Worcester, and the important agricultural districts between Worcester and Oxford are accom: modated with o direct route to London; the New- , Abergavenny, and Hereford railway, and the Sanaubaty and Hereford railway, by which a di- rect route is sflv'ded from Birkenhead to South Wales; and the Thirek and Malton, and Malton and Dr field railways, by which railwae commurica- tion 1s afforded to an important district in Yorkshire. In Scotland, the only line of importance opesed for traffic was the Deeside Spies. Tn Ireland, 'the most important lives are the Wateiford and Kil- keuny, and Waterford snd Limexisk Railways, by whicn Waterford hes been connected with the Irish | railway system ; and the railway from Killarney to the Great Soutvera and Western Railway. All these lines of railway wee inspested previous | to being opened tor traflic by officers of this depart- ment, apd your lordships required the opening to be postponed in twenty-eight instances. The total number of inspections: which were required to be performed by tue officers amounted to Atty-eight. Of the railways opened during 1853, twenty-five portions ef railway, representing a total length of 298 miles, consisted of siigle line ; and it would ap- pear that the ievgth of single line open at the ead of 1853, viz.: 1,708 miles, was between one-foarth and one-tifth of the:whole amount of railway open. It is to be observed that the length.of single tine aD 2t the en} of 1852 way 1.485 miles, and at the end-96~1851, 4,307 matics. “A tue‘of reihwiy” obit Sa bac ees ie or are ‘trains tog ta ‘ts Sreotions rep borrerer, lovepaiatont ith, In all cases of single Hines your lordehips requird trains shonid be worked by means of one engine moving backwards ond forwards over the lise, or over porticular portions of it; or that some partie- uler mau shouid be appointed to accompany the trains moving over the portions of aiagle Sine, And in cases whe ethe ole :tric telegraph is iu nee, the regulstions required were that the persons em- eyed tostgert trams should be distinctly respousi- le for ascertaining, before startiug t e trains, that the line is clear as faras the next station. The amount of cupital invested in railways at the end of 1852 was £264,165,650, of which 161 ,400,26y consisted of o. dinars capital, £58,700/955 of prefor- ence capital, atd £64 .064 668 of loans, The amount of capital raised for ra lway purposes in 1849 was £29,574,720; in 1850, £10,522,967; in 1851, £7,970,- 161, and in 1852, £16,398,903; thus increasiag the amount invested in railways at the end of 1849 fro £229,747,779 to £264,165,680 at the end of 1852, ‘Te amount of money which was raised by railway companies Owing 1853 has not yet been retarne to Parliament; but it may be assumed not to have been Jess than that raed during 1852, and it is therefore probable that the whole sum raised by railway compavies to the end of 1853 is not less than £281,000,000, of which about £42,000,000 may be assumed to have been preferential capital, and bear y £70.000,000 would appear to bave beea bor- rowed on the security of the undertakings, ‘Lhe number of miles of railway in course of con struction on the 30th of June, 1453, was 682 miles, and the nuwber of men employed on them was 37,764. The number of miles open for trafic at that Gate was 7,512, and the number of men employed 80,409, Tbe pumber of men bon p ed on rellnays open for traffic was 9.15 per miie in 1852, and 10.7 The total nomber of per mile in 1853. mn gers conve; on tail- ways in the United Kin dom in ng 1853 amc unted to 162,296,660 ; pumber in 1452 had been 89,135,729. The total receipts from all sources of troffic smonnted in 1853 to, £18,036,379, and in 1852 t £15,710,554. In England the mean length of line open daring the sear has been increased from 4,! miles in 1249 to 6,730-5 miles in 1853, and the total number of passer gers Smarter has inereased from 49,879,362 in 1849 to 84,212,961 in 1853, being an increase of from 11.450 per mile in 1849 to 14,695 per mile in 1803. The numbers conveyed of each class bear very nearly tce same relative proportion to each other in each year. In 1853 the number of first Closs passengers was 12.76 per cent, the number of & cond Clofa was 37.83 per cent, soe: he number of oop cinss 49.42 per cent of the whole number car: ried. ‘Ther from passengers have increased from. 25,446,518 in 1849 to £7,326,106 in 1863, being an increase of from £1,255 per mile to £1,279 per mile { (the amount received during 185) having amounted to £1,530 per mile.) The receipts per mile from each clogs in 1849 were—first class, £406; second closs, £518; thied class, £351. In 1853 the receipta per mile had diminished on the first and second Class to £403 and £174 respectively, and had in- ility.) passengors conveyed by railway. ed during 1353, creased on the third class to £378. But the most coeetent featare is the pro- ood traffic of the country, and gt wade by t! ¢ apparent pro! 'y that in the course of a few years it will form a more item in the neem ot railway companies shan the passenger waffte. The ts from goods have increased from £4,- 750,504 in 1849, to £8,112,477 in 1853, being an in- crease of from £1,090 per mile in 149 to £1,425 per mile in 1853; and whilst the reoolpta from passen- pga were than the receipts from goods in the tion of 53.42 to 46.58, in 1863 the con- trary was ay Mg the three per-centage of | the Dger was 47.45, of the goods ttle 5255. S in Scotland the progress of traffic on railways has been similar. The mean length of railway” c ery, the year has incressed from 795% miles, in 1249, to 987 miles open in 1853. The number passengers conveyed in 1849 amounted to £7,902 and ¥ age 4 Lr fipeeehe Pe ery £9,093 per in 1849 against ’ 183. The relative number of a class conveyed would ovty have slightly the pumber of first class pesssngete second clas eengers ing 729 first class clasa passengers mile, ar 3 al ae : A Te i 1849 to £713 per mile receipts 1849, £149 per mile for second clacs, and £331 sengers, £181 per mile from first ol ner mile from second class, and £345 per hind glass pass cogers in Jh)% Beste é merally either. that the | tran» Avantic cousins, and rivivale a8 we. may their jor Carmichael g of America have acquired euch a de; and stability, as | nication with the Atlantic cities, | voyage already shown, is adverse supplies, to California, costs the Americ: It would, therefore, appear that in Scotland the | third claes traffic preponderates considerably, both | os negates Dampers and receipts, There ix also ia | the lines @ p nce in the re-eipts from goods traffic over receipts from passenger 0nd sad tn 18s) ewan eh OONDLG, represent £650,640, was £1, , represent- ing £818 mile in 1849, £1,075 per mile ip 1853. Tbe relative pro; ions of the two de- sc Iptions of traffis were, in 1849, traftic 45.38, end gooos traffic 54.62; oe the re- from traffic 60.48 per cel,.te cent of the whole traffic. In helend the progress has also been marked, but & considerable increase has taken place in the number of miles open for traffic, which increase (ae was the case in this country a dpb re AS) has been at a greater rate than the Increase of the trefiic, and hence the receipts per mile do not ex- bib:t'a atmilar 88. The mern ieoath of railway opened in the year a Was 428 miles, and in the year 1853 it was 771 ee. ‘The total number of in 1849 amounted to 6,059,947. or 14,142 conveyed and in 1853 it amounted to 7,074,475, or 9.175 per mile. ‘The increase in the number of passengers has taken | lace chiefly in the tirst and third classes, the num: | Tr of second class passengers having diminished. | The number‘of ;aseengers of different classes per | wile wae in 1849:—First class, 1,226; second class, 7,188, apd third class, 5,776; and in 1853, first class, 1,044 ; second class, 3,691. and third class, 4,434, ‘The receipts from passeogers nave increased from £290,604 in 1849, to £537,259 in 1853; the receipte er mile baviog been £678 in 1849, and £696 in 1858, divided between the different classes in the following proportion in 1849:— First class, £160 per mile ; second class, £273, and third clags, £255; and in 1863, fires class, £168; second class, £264, and thord clase, £251. The receipts for goods amounted, in 1849, to £127,462, and in 1853, te £294,310, equivalent to £297 per mile in 1849, and £387 per mue in 1853. Che relative proportion of receipts from tho two classes of trafficfiwas, in” 1849, 69.51 fem passengers, and 30.49 taped ioe and in 1853 it was 64.62 from passevgers, 35.38 from goods. ‘Tbe general summary of the result is, that since the year 1849, whilst the number of miles over which, the traffic is conveyed bas increased 34 per cent, the number of gers has inc} 60 percent, the receipts from pussengers 36 per cent, or from £1,125 per mile in 1849 to £1,143 per mile in 1853; the receipts from goods have increased 71 per cent, or from £990 per mile in 1849 to £1,285 per mile in 1853; ana the total receipts have in- crensed near: per cent, or from £2,115 per mile in 1849 to £2,408 per mile in 1853. And the pro- perucvate itcrease of the traffic of 1853 over that of 852 was greater than that of 1850 over 1849. It is worthy of remark, that as regards the pas- senger traffic, the proportionate increase in the number of the lower cla:s of passengers conveyed by railwoy is greater than that of other classes, and @ proportion which the receipte from that class bear to the receipts from other classes is greater for 1853 than it was for 1849. ‘The recerpte from goods are also Jargely increas ing, and they bear every year an increasing propor- tion to passenger traffic. With respect to accidents, it appears that in 1852, | 216 pergons were killed and 486 injnred on the rail- | ways in the United Kingdom ont of a gross total of 89,135,729 passengers; of these persons 181 were killed and 413 were injared in Evgland; 24 were killed ano 71 injured in Scotland; and 1) were kill- ed and 2 injureo in Treland. In the year 1853, oat ‘of a 088 total of 102,286,660 passengers conveyed by the railways of tue United Kingdom, 30 were Billed and 449 injured; of these, 243 were killed and j 309 ene in Evgland; 37 were killed and 68 in- | jured in Scotiand; and 25 were killed and 12 injured | intrelend. = - | It would appear that, in the year 1852, the | propo tion ‘of the number of Rais ee killed and injured fiom causes beyo! thelr owa con- trol to the total number of passengers carried on railways, reduceé for Ly emer of comparison tothe standard of 1,000, waa, in Bogland, 14 killed and 43 injured per milion passengers con- yeyod; in Scotland, none killed, but 5°3 injured per milion; in Ireland, vone billed, but 3:2 injared per million; aud for the United Kingdom, the propor- tion of killed was -11, and of iojired about 4-2 per | one million of paseengers conveyed. But in the year 1853 the proportion of the aem- ber of accidents to the number of persons conveyed by railway was greater. For reducing the numbers | to the same.compurative standard of 1,000,000, the roportion of the numberof passengers killed and )jured'trem causes beyond their own control to the towl number of passengers ¢arrict on raileays in | that year was, in Eugiand, -23 k'lied and 2° injared ps wilion of passengera conveyed; in- Scotland, “09 Hed and 45 injured per million; and in trejand, 2-4 killed avd 16 iyjvped in every:miktion; whiletin the United Kingdom there would appear to have been 35 killed and 28 injured in every million of | street, completing the bloc | ginated, it communicnted to the large earri He bes clear'y established whole way. tha condition of the count: y constitutes no im: winter diment, and that the route ie entirely practicable lor ne railroad. nae sii i country examined was three-fourths of the Gutencs trom the Missoari fromiier, at the mouth of the Kaneas River, to the Vi P wan, at the foot of the Wahascch the rim of the Great Basin, at ita along and between the thirt eighth ninth parallels of latitude. The whole \fne divides itself naturally into sbree sections, which may be conveniently followed io de-cription, The or eastern section ongists of the great praife 3 8) 1g from the base ef the Sierra w the Missouri frontier, sbont 700 milcs; the second, or middle section, compreb-nds the various rocky lountain ranges, and inte lying volleys, between the termination of the great pained the foot of the Sierra Blanca and the Great Basin at the Parowan Valicy at Wah-utoh Mountaine, where the first Mormon settiemeut ia found, about 450 miles ; the third, or we-tern 8 ction, comprebends the mountainous platean ly‘ug between Wab- satch mountains and the S erra Nevada, a distance of about 400 miles. The c.untry examined was apon a very direct line, the travelled roate being. about 1,550 miles over an air-lice distance of about 1,300 Several new and important were discover: ed inthe Sierra between Waleer’s Pass and the Tejon, which will bef great utility to the overland emigrants. The Tejon Pasa does not lead peough the Sierra, but from the Turan Valley inte Los An- geles. The Indians bere were found more. civilized, and the country well watered aod ultivated. It is, however, hilly, ani wages conld not. be ht throngh. Colonel Fremont has recently Et to Washington, where be is preparing the maps, plans, and descriptivus of nis surveys for hia gevern- ment. He sume up @ reveot communication on the Pacific railroad in these words:— It seems a treason sguinst mankind, and the prof which marks :he spo to refuse to put one com; leting link to our ns ions! prosperity and the eivili- vation of world Kore,e ail lies between Asia and America, Burld this raitrad, and thtogs will- bave re yolved about : Ame ics wil! lie between Asim and Eurooe; the golden vein which run« though the history of the world will follow the iron track te Sen Francisco; aad the Asiatic trade will finally full into its last and perma~ nevt road, when the ne# aud m-dern Chryse throw open their gates to the thoroughture of the world. There is no doubt tia railway will. be made by the American nation, who are frightened by no dif- ficulties aad startled at n» expense. The Jand will cost nothing, and the oreay rate at which their roads are laid down, avd te rapidity with which they are copstruct+, s proved in the vast network of ralways whieb now iute wente the different States from Louisiana to New England. it of Disastrous Conflagretion at Newark, N. J. FIFTY THOUSAND DOULAKS WORTH OF PROPERTY [From the Ni aaa ugust 23.) 0 Newark \ereury, AN The largest apd most destructive fire watch our city has ¢xperiencea for a lopg period broke out thia morning about one o'clock. in J. ©. Young & Co.’s barness manufactory, No: 127 Rail oad avenue, and before the flames were cx iuguished twelve dwell- ings and factories were entireiy Gestrozed, extend- ing over the whole blvck from Bast Green to street, sweeping the whele east sice of the Rail wa} avenue. The buiiding {a which the fire. originate was a three story woudeu buildivg, and was owned by Green & Co., coach aanufacturers. The first story was occupied by them 6 « blackemith’s shop, the second story by J © Young and Co,, masufacturers, and convectd with the firm of Green & Co. The thid story was oc apied by Doane Snow as a lace weaving eetadli:hacnt. fire, which broke out in the second story, was soon beyond all control, and wrapped the building in a maas a” eens which extendea to the buildings on either je. On the north, the fire communicated to a row of five two story frame builciays on Bast Green street and the corper of Ratiroad avenue, owned ty David Ball, Haq. The corner buil was occupi asa Jager bier shop, ond the r-jnainder of the row, designated Noe. 1, 2,3, ad 4, Eust Green atrest, were dwellings occupied by mechanics. They were entirely destroyed. in t is cirection thé fames were atrested, thus meregstte buildings on Bruex On the south of the factory in which the fire ori- ma- nufactory of Leftenter, McLear & O>., a threp atorp frame building known ua 131 Railroad avenue, and ocenpied entirely by them. From this the flames commupi¢ated to Charles Parevus’ -c: nter shop, and to the biniding on rhe corner of avenue and Elm: street, uccapied by J. D. ell, easb.and blind mvnutucwrer, and G.& . J.C. Crilley, sesb vad blind mannfacturers. Bome two or three outbuildings mm te rear of the large shops were aleo con-um+d, but the latemess of the hour bas preventea us from ovtaining any account es Lraante te ow The Trade, Enterprise and Territorial Ex tension of tne Unitod States. deze the Londam Moreantile Gaxctte, soguat tL, ] Smile a8 we may at the boast and bluster of onr Joibles (ond where is the nation tha’ has not sone prominent weukness’) we must, nevertheless, admit that there i6 a spirit of enterprise, of detorni and of concentuated action in the body pulit which accomplishes great results waile e lations are debating and disenssing possibilities and probabilities, Even Blackwood's Magazine is Jain to ‘concede, iv a reect number, 2 large stare of credit to the United States for the striking advanccinent made within a very few years in wealth, manufactures and commerce. We may sneer at its “lust of power,” condemn fts ‘ busteriog” operations, and discourage its aggradis- ipg propensities, but it makes headway not wwith- standing, and the tide of empire wends ite coursexvest- Ward, peopling the vast tracts of the great continent in which it is the great ruling power. It can afford to give us lorg odds in say great undertaking. Whilst our merchants and capitalists, In the old, jog- trot fasbion of British proceedings, consider gnu de- liberate on their course of actior , viewing the «nes- tion in every possible aspect, the Americans receive the idea, aid “presto”—it is accotapHshed. Is a railroad to be msde across the Tsthmua of Panama, or a route to be opencd up throngh the Lake of Nicaragua ?~ Brother Jonathan is the man to. do it. Is the Pacific to be navigated ‘5 uP t~Away start American steamers, impelled by individual en- terprise, on tie track, whilst British merchants are organizing companies, treating with government for charters, and building ships. Is a submarine telegraph considered desirable between the Irish coast aud New York, to link the Old and New Worlds into closor communion?— Americans are tho ones to satisfy us by scientific inquiry as to its fersi- bility, and to take the initiative tn its construction. Ia it desirable to join the Atlantic and Pacific oceans by 4 railroad {—The Americans set about it and doit, Is the trade of the populous empire of Japan to be opened /—~Away goes an American squadron, and, despite the alleged impossibil.ties, carries out the object. Whilst we, to our disgrace be it said, cannot maintain a line of steamers to our important southern colonies, they have two or three lines running on each side of the Isthmus, with a fortnightly communica‘ion. With them “ dis tance lends exchantment to the view,” and thonsands of miles are no objects in the race for progress and ultimate success. We haye debsted long on the formation of even a trunk lire of railroad within our own possessions to connect the St. La erence ports with the Lakes and interior towns of Western Canada, and the project is only now taken up in earnest, afrer years of de- liberation. As for tre (Gea of an extension of this line to the important seaport of Halifax, in Nova Scotia, despite the recommendations and pecu assistance cf the Lower Provinces, and the vast eri that would result from a closer unfoa, we look uy some fow hundred miles of waste country be traversed, although there are no engineering Gifficulties to overcome. Several years ago oa tiors for facilitating communication through the coutinent of Amerisa over British territory were laid before the publie by Captain Synge, RK. M., M+ Smith, and others, but the British merchants and colonists were too apathetic to en- tertain the idea—they did not sce that tt would The American settlements on the northwest const of extent closer commu- of a free ulation in ite territories. It seems that tho of the mals, and army and navy can govern: about one million sterling. The id transmitted to the Atlantic States, a 3 ij gE aS i , in compart: ae #3 FE ft t : : 252 : r4 Z a3 2 $ g mm jt at home gs a waste of capital, jo ond of suit. of those. occups ing them, or the losses. We learn that Green & Oo. had an insurance on the buildirgowned by them »nd 6d by their blackamith . J.C. Young & Co. and Doane Snow, of $2,700, and on their st 20k of $2,500, which we understand to incitde that of J. C. Young & Co. Mr. Snow, lace weaver, hasan jasarapce of $400. His Joss is coustderable. Che buildings owned by David Ball were i>snred; but to what extent we cowd uot lesrn. We wera unable to es- certain to what extent dicsa's. Leftwiten, MoLeuw & Co. were insared, but it is certain that their loss is heavy, as they are understood to have had on band # large stock, of which comparatively little was saved. The seme may be aaid ofall those whose property is 80 unformuately vvatroyed. The flames spread so rapidly that toe ¢ was no 09) ity of saving the preperty to any considerable extent. One of the most serious evils connected with this tire is that it throws ontof employ a large number of mechanics, When other titua:ions are so difficalt to obtain, Tce want of water was severely felt by the fire department; but their efforts were unabsied to pre: vent the spreod of the flumes. The @ivd blowing from the east saved the dwel ings on Bruen strect, which would otherwive certainly nave béeea destroy. ed. The long continued droughs and the inflam mable character of maoy of our manufastories, cugbt to Jead to great cure and caution on the part of business men. Before Judge Greene. Ralph H. Shaw and Joseph G. Isham vs. Thomas Dusenbury.— This action waa broagnt to recover s Valance of $47 10, alleged wo be due on a sale and delivery by plaintiffs to defendant, of 3,595 pounds of lead, pewter, ond tin, at 18 cents a ge amounting to $647 10, on which the defendant hi oe $600, leaving the above balance due. The de- fendant denied owing the pleintifis anything, The plaintiffs’ witness—Jumes A. Meany—awore that he was present when the defendant bought the articles in question; that he egreed to; ay 18 centsa pound, taking the articles all together, some being worth more, and some leas; that after he had purchased the same, and paid $500 on account, be (wituess) called upon him and presested a bill, and that the defendant then paid him $100 0n the bill, without objecting to the charges; that all the articles were in the d¢ferdant’s store at the time of the sale, ex- cept one barrel, which was ext door, and whisk the defendant examined before he parched. Tho defendant produced two witnesses, who swore that they weighed the contents of that barrel, and it Ce “oer cf lead a ye coed wter; tha was worth on! a odode One of nis witnesses (the defendant's seu) swore that he heard the drat witness tell the plain- if that the barrel contained all pewter. The Jndge decided that the weight of showed that the defendant was to pay 18 cents a pound for all the aiticles sold to bim, and there no dispute as to the weight. he sbould order nt for the amount of the plaintiffs’ claim, United States Marshal's Office, Cuanoz or Revort.—Deputy Marshal Horten arrested foar men named Reiley, Gaffrey, Moore, and another, for an attempted revolt on board the steamer North Star. Ronwery ON THS IstHwve—Three other mew were brought home in the same vessel in- irons, on behargo of robbery on the Isthmus—one of them taking the farcial name of BM Rattler—but were discharged by the authorities for want of jurisdiction. Pi Term. Before Hon. J Daly. Avg, 25.—Haseas Conrus.—In the Case of Mat- thew Dervall—A writ of habeas corvus, retarnable immediately, was granted in this case in favor of Matthew Dervall, who was committed on the 24th instant by Justice Stuart, ani sentenced to the Penitentiary for six months. The con- tended that the aid conviction was on the imony addaced until Monday, and directed his counsel to give notice thereof to the District Attorney. jon from the West. 10 THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD. Can nothing be done to wud ee mae ‘an such immenee droves of hogs throq our bee iy lavoweniont tc ta the ta n 8 the city; the iad they produced were t Tt ina remarkable fact, that in the town of Mancheste H., a town comp BA besa paivg'eolaiga oe due og eight