The New York Herald Newspaper, March 25, 1854, Page 4

[eee "NEW YORK HERALD. | OPFICH f. 'W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU No. 82. “AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. ae “BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery—Doverass—Rovon Dra | monp—Purvam. | BROADWAY THEATRE, Broadway—Ornei.0—Tus Two BuzzAnns. BURTON’S THEATRE, Chambers street—A Beaux Braatacen—Tux Mummy. NATIONAL THEATRE, C Byeaing—Uncie Tom's Cam WALLACK’S THEAT! Faust Heaar | Never Won Fain Lavy FORM. | AMERICAN MUSEUM—Afteroon and .Evening—Tux Oxy Buxweny. | BROADWAY MEN AGERIE—Lriurrurian Kivo—Max- | worn Lavy anv Living TRAINED Axrma.s. CHRISTY’S AMERICAN OPERA HOUSE, 472 Broad- wey—Erwortan MxLopias my Cumisry’s MinstReLs. WOOD'S MINSTRELS, Wood's Minstrel Hall, 444 Broad- way—Ermorian Mineraens BUCKLEY'S OPERA JL0US) wev's Ermiorzan Orrra Trov: ‘ST. NICHOLAS EXHIBITI ‘Cauvaert MiverRece in 1H ham street—Afternoon and Broadw: MOOL OF 539 Brondway—Bucx- ROOM, 495 ‘xcno Eve: SVABD’S GEORAMA, 596 Broalway—Paxonama or vax Houy Laxv. rs RHENISH GALLERY, 563 Broadway—Day and Night. BRYAN GALLERY OF CHRISTIAN ART—S43 Broad- ‘way. WHOUE WORLD—377 and 379 Breadway—Afternoon rand Evertog. rs A New York, Saturday, March 25,1854. One Week’s History. ‘The WEEKLY HeRArD, containing a complete epitome of ‘ene week's intelligence from ail quartera of the world, ~ will be published at mine clock this enorning. Price ready for ‘mailing. ‘The News. By way of New Orleans we have receive? a synop- » «wis of two weeks later advices from Califernia. With ‘the exception of ‘the gratifying annouscement tkat * ‘the miners' were dving a remarkably presperous busi- ~mess,the news from the Pacific State possesses no features of marked importance. Tho markets con- +, « titted exceedingly dull, and flour was selling st only about one dollar more per barrel than in this city. ‘The steamship Northern Light is rearly due at this port with the details ofthe news. The Ohie was to Jeave Aspinwall with the mails and about‘one mil- Jion dollars in ‘treasureon the 20th inst. It is reported that an Indian recently made his ap- pearance at Panama, and stated*that the Parien sur- veying party under Lieut. Strain had been devoured by wild beasts. The story was not credited. On the contrary, it was generally supposed that the party were massacred by the natives, they being sl. most universally hostile to the whites and never permitting an opportunity ef exhibiting their san guinary vindictiveness to escape. ‘The last advices from Lower California and Aca- pulco, if correct, are not by any means favorable to the prospects of the filibusters and revolutionists. President Walker’s Sonorayxpedition is represonted as having proved an utter fnilure. At last accounts— the 15th ult.—he had spiked and abandoned his guns, and started for St. Tomas, leaving his sick ard wounded behind. Numbers of his followers had de- serted, and many of those who remained despaired - efsuccess. To add to their troubles, it is said that General Blancard.was on his way from Mexico to Lower California at the head of seven hundred men. From Acapulco we learn, via the City of Mexico, that the revolution in that quarter had been “ crushed out,” Gen. Alvarez being deserted by his troops and the people. Now, all these statements may be strictly correct—nevertheless, we have hith- erto been deceived by similar stories. It has been asserted that Walker and his men had been com- pletely annihilated; that Mexican sovereignty was restored, and order reigned throughout the Pacific territories of Mexico; and an the very next arrival from that quarter we have discovered that Walker was still in the ascendant, with prospects brighter thanever. The fact is, Santa Anna has not the means to suppress the ravages of the Indians in the immediate vicinity of his capital. At the last dates we are assured that savages were continuing their depredations in the States of Durango and Zaca- tecas, although, by way of a set-off, it is announced that a great battle had been fonght, in which many Indians were killed. Under these circumstances, it seems a little strange that his Supreme Highness should so easily overcome the disaffections existing im the western part of his empire. The papers from the city of Mexico, to the 15th instant, report that a modification of the Gadsden treaty had been accepted. It is quite needless to remark that this is a great mistake—the extraordi- nary projét has not yet been disposed of by the Uni- ted States Senate. This rumor was doubtless set afloat for the purpose of quelling, if possible, the excitement among the people, who are gradually exhibiting symptoms of discord and revolution in all parts of that country. Keep back the fifteen million dollars which Santa Anna so anxiously covets in lieu of his barren deserts, and his peuple will eventually place not only Cooke's wagon route, but various other routes, in our possession, without much trouble or expense to us. The letter elsewhere published from George N. | Sanders, upon the subject of his rejection as Consul | | \ | | | \ } snixpence. To be had at the counter in wrappers and / transferring the bill to the Committee of the Whole, | tends to confirm the impression that they are se- | cretly striving to kill the measure in toto. From present appearances those members from the South who have hitherto acquiesced in the ungenerous poli- cy of the administration may eventually realise the force of the remark made come time ago by a mem- ber from this city, that “the hard shells would be heard from at the proper time and place.” A care- ful inspection of the recent vote will convey to them more than volumes can express concerning the movements and intentions of the parties concerned. ° The daughter of ex-Governor Westcott, of Flori- da, was buried in the Congressional Cemetery at Washington yesterday. The funeral was attended by a large number of the distinguished persons congregated in that c'ty. The difficulty as to the time at which the tempe-~ rance bill shall go into effect has at last been aitangead between the Senate and Assembly. The former body adhered to the Ist day of next December, and the Assembly yesterday afternesn saceumbed, by a | vote of seventy-seven to twenty-seven. Now let ar, await the action of Governor Scymorr. Will the measure become a iaw by tke appenuage of his +ig- | nature? That is the question whieh will agitate the | public mind for a few ditys. Much impertant business was attended to’in the Legislature yesterday, as willbe seen by the regu- special wrrespondent. Among the numerous bills veporsed in the Assembly #as one to pteventen- croathraents oncur harbor. That body pessed bills for the enlargément of @e canals, previding for the management of the same, and for the repeal of the canal act of 1851. Among the amendments to the Anwual Appropriation bill, are $22,000 fer the New York Hospital, and ‘1,000 for’ the “hye and ‘Gar Infirmery. On further appropria- “tions for city institutions being~asked for, Mr. Mosely “Hutchinson, a Cayuga *whig, declared that if-New York “desired all or none, he wotd move to strike out all city appropriations, “These continal ebulitions of petty jealousy on the part of rugal members against the city are doing much to fan the elements of discord ready existing be- tweon the peopleof the city and the country, and if persisted in-amay result to the immediate disad- vantage of aM concerned. The joke threwn out geme years ago about the fermation of a separate State government, composed of Manhattan, Staten und Long lands, may possibly prove © reality ewhen least anticipated. The statement of Comptroller Cook, published in another column, discloses the fact that the office of Lieutenant Governor of this State is far more lucra- tive than is generally supposed. In the space of about eigtteen months Lieutenant Goveonor Church's per diem allowance and travelling expenses amoant- ed to $5,299. Glance at the figures recorded by Mr. Cook. Judge Douglas was hung in effigy #t Auburn, the home of Senator Seward, yesterday. The-steamer America is fully due, with three days’ later edvices from Europe. The report relative to the massacre of the Turks at Kalefat causes her ar- | rival-to be looked for with much anzicty. We shall probably be able to spread the. intelligence before our readers to-morrew. In the meantime we else- where publish a very interesting and carefully pre- pared statistical account of the area, population, and resources of: the countries that are about being in- volved in the greatest military struggle that per- haps ever took place. The Pacific’s news caused .fiour to advance 64c. to 124c. per bbL Common brands of State sold at $7 31} a $7 37, closing in favor of the latter figure. Corn advanced 2c. to 3c. per bushel, and wheat was held at 4c. a 5c. advance for prime white Genesee. Cotton was from jc. to jc. per Ib. dearer for. middling and lower. grades, with .sales of 1,601 bales. ‘Oy telegraph from Pittsburg we have a reportof the dying speech and execution of David Jewell. Comment is unnecessary. A large amount of business was transacted in the Beards of Aldermen and Councilmen last even- ing. A communication was reeeived by the lat- ter body from the Comptroller, attached -to which was the annual report of the Commissioner of Repairs and Supplies, showing that additional ap- propriations for the fire and building departments would be necessary in order to defray the expenses of the Fire Department bureau fot the year 1854, as the funds would, in the opinion of the Comptroller, be exhausted before midsummer. The Board went into’ Committee of the Whole, and upon rising a large mass of papers were ordered to a third read- ing. This being rather dull work, several members moved for an adjournment; but it was of no avail, as the reform members were resolved to sit until a late hour, in order to dispose of all the papers re- maining on the desk of the President. Ata late hour the Board adjourned until Monday, at 3 o’clock, which, in all probability, will be the last day of the | March session. j In addition to much other interesting reading mat- ter, to-day’s inside pages contain a letter from Washington, giving a graphic description of the de- bate on the Nebraska-Kansas question in the House on Thursday, a variety of Commercial, Legal, Theatrical, and Miscellaneous Intelligence, Adver- tisements, &c. | How will the Turkish War End? We are not so clear as the British seem to have been that the rumor of the capture of Ka- lefat and the massacre of the Turks is a hoax. to London by the United States Senate, will be read with feelings of the liveliest interest by every poli- | tician in the country. His exposition of the ma- | meuvres of some of the wire-pullers prior to the | last nomination for President is very curious. | But this is merely the first chapter, or rather first | scene of the drama: read it, and then await the continuation of the developements. The prospect | now is, that a few of the more prominent democrats in different parts of the country will find themselves | ina rather embarrassing predicament before Mr. | Sanders concludes his political reminiscences. By | the way, while upon the subject, we may as well state that we were last night placed in possession of | another very singular document —being nothing | more nor less than the address of Kossuth to the | Germans in the United States, mention of which was | made in the letter of our Boston correspondent, pub- lished yesterday. Owing to the lateness of the hour at which we received this extraordinary manifesto, which is in the German langnage, we were unable to translate it in season for this morning’s paper: we, however, append a meagre telegraphic synopsis o its contents to Mr. S.’s letter. The great Magyar seems to deeply lament the rejection of Mr. Sanders’ nomination as Consul by the United States Senate, Apropos—a despatch from Washington denies that George Sanders has sold George Law's old muskets | to revolutionary parties in Europe. The despatch | states that a partial disposition has been made of | these firearms, but for a different destination than that indicated in connection with Mr. Sanders. Yesterday being private bill day, little business of Beneral interest was transacted in Congress. The | Senate spent most of the session in discussing the | bill to pay for tobacco seized in Maryland by the British during the war of 1812. The House p the bills for the extension of the warehousing system and for the extension for fourteen years of a patent for making cloth by weaving the raw materials with out spinning. The Indian Appropriation bill was debated in Committee of the Whole, and then ro- ed to the House. Both bodies adjoaraed til londay. Contrary to general expectation, Mr. Cutting did not reply yesterday to the attack made npon him by Mr. Breckenridge in the House on the day previous, It is, however, understood that he is only await ing an opportunity to remove the mask from behii | which the administration party is believed to be | working in order to secure the certain defeat of the } Nebraska-Kansas bill, while at the same_time they pretend to be zealously laboring in behalf of that measure. Their uncompromising hostility to the erd shella, who hold the balance of nawer on 4 » By On the contrary, the position of the contend- ing forces as well as the manner and quarter in which the story came to light seem to us to in- vest it with astrong air of probability. The annoyance of the government at such an event | would be quite sufficient to account for the si- lence of the Times. Should the rumor be con- firmed, some change in the feeling of the Bri- tish people may be confidently expected. The disaster of Sinope inflamed their passion to the war point: would a massacre at Kalefat inten- sify their ardor? It may safely be questioned whether such an event, leading necessarily, one must suppose, to the passage of the Danube by the Russians, and the commencement of an in- vasion of Turkey proper would not be followed by a contrary effect in England. The British are not likely to be more anxious for war when Gortschakoff menaces Constantinople, than they are now when they think there is still a lingering chance that the Czar may withdraw frem the Principalities. In point of fact, what- ever has happened at Kalefat, there isa vast deal too much confidence in England with re- gard to the issue of the war. According to the English papers, the British seem to be going to war with Russia as they would go to a fair. The utmost enthusiasm and good humor mark the whole proceeding. Lord Palmerston and Sir Charles Napier can find nothing better to do than to crack jokes about the Czar; and everybody seems to have made up his mind that the Russians are to be beaten, and the Czar is to draw in his horns within six months at the latest! Let us look at this matter with a little attention, and see whether these antici- pated triumphs are not something like the vic- tory Pompey promised himself at Pharsalia, and Napoleon at Waterloo, Nearly forty-seven years ago, the emperors of France and Russia, seated on a raft in the Niemen, off Tilsit, terminated a war of which the battle of Friedland had demonstrated the cost, Their negotiations were nearly broken off by a difference of opinion on one point—a point not devoid of interest at the present time : neither sovereign would consent to aban- don Constantinople to the other. As weighty reasons, however, nrged the cossation of how ‘ ‘ EE EE ee ised Ly por | mitting the Sult? 9 to retain possession of his | capital. The p eace of Tilsit was of short dura- tion, The sl" ght offered to the Czar’s sister | by Napoleon,, his spoliation of the territories of | the Grand, Duke of Oldenburg, brother- | in-law to Alexander, and his encroach- ments Ca the Baltic, irritated the Em- peror Of? Russia; and Napoleon regolved on war a8 £0¢ a as that sovereign released the continen- tal b’ekade. Never was such an army mus- | tere d as Napoleon set on foot’to conquer Rus- | sia, His standard was borne by half a million of, men, natives of as many countries, and apeaking as many tongues. Two-thirds were Austrians, Prussians, Germans, Italians, Bava- | tians, Swiss and Poles; the rest were French. | From contemporaneous works we learn that the | enthusiasm of the sotdiery was unbounded. , They left their homes ‘gaily, promising soon to return, Why should they not? All Europe was with ‘them. Russia stood alone, for England ; could not help her. She had been eager to treat ' five’years before after one defeat. France was now4ar stronger than she was then. An army, more than twice as numerous as that which took | the Yield, was left behind : while the whele Rus- | ‘wiight they gleat over presage of victory. | The history-of Moscow is the history of the world. Fanaticiam was toe formidable a foe \*for mere military ardor, with whatever odds: | the French army were not only repulsed, they were annihitated, Napoleon’s allies scattered, quence of the death of a rich relative, is a rarity in the profession; but this singular instance of good fortune brings out certain disclosures rela- | tive to the ancestors and pedigree of the recipi- ent, whicb, now that he has plenty of money in his pocket, will enable him to become a leading member of the codfish aristccracy, to subscribe to the new Italian Opera House, to purchase a palace in the Fifth avenue, and, in the process of time, to send out his invitations for a grand i bal costume. Fortunate dog!—to have a rich | uncle, and to be descended in a direct line from Heysle, who flourished in the tenth century! Only think of the luxury a man must enjoy in being able to put his finger on his forefathers for eight hundred and fifty years! This beats | all the codfish aristocracy out and out. | ones desi! S22 | Present Political Condition of Cewtral Ame~- rica, and its Causes, Three years ago the influence of the United States was potential in at least three of the five States of Central America. Now, a reactionary | and anti-republican policy, natv.rally coupled | with a spirit more or less hosti¥e to the United States, predominates in all the States, with the solitary exception of Honduras, which still ad- lar report et the proseedings,an4 the letter from our , Sit force did not exceed 250,000 mea. Well | heres to her liberal and rejublican traditions. The reasons for this lamentable change, full of present evil, aud fraught with future disasters, are to be chie‘ty found in the unsteady and ir- rational policy which the United States has it- self pursyed towards these countries. Had that policy ,beda, througliont what it should have and himself driven from the throne. Such was the fate of*ihe first great coritest between allied Europe ‘and Russia. Flow wikk it be with the second? In point of numbers, andmilitary equipmests, the for¢e which Engtsnd ‘ani France are sow assembling would have madebut.a poor division of the grande armée of 1812. They may be reinforced it is true; but no such force can be sssenibled as that which «crossed the Niemen en the 24th June, 1812. On the other hand Russia’s army wae never-so numerous er in so higt-a state of discipline. She could probably send 500,000 men into :the field without extra- ordinary levies. Wherever the allies choose ‘they may be met by ‘double their numbers. *n the second place, in 1812, Alexander was ‘enmpelled to appeal ‘to the generosity of his subjects for contributions of money. His pro- sclamations to this-effect dated at Moscow are given in all the histories. The Crown revenue at present does not probably fall short of $75,000,000. ‘The spaymentof the interest-on tle debt which is:only $320,534,424, is, provid- ed for by a special ordinance, passed in 1851. A sum of $15,000,000,has already been raised 7 been, to be worthy ofthat nation which “ stands naturally ‘at the head: of-the, rican system,” the result would hve been far different. Had the influence of the United States been judiciously exerfeq“at the outset, it is not im- probable the diséofation of the old conferation of Central America might have been averted. Atleast the subsequent advance and consolida- tion of British aggressions on that unhappy country might have been prevented. But, un- fortunately , Central America was early regarded ed only a sort of honorable Botany Bay, where importunate politicians of doubtful ability and disreputable habits could be sent, with a fair chance of their dying in their country’s service. As a consequence, our representatives there had little or no influence, nor was this little exer- cised for good. In 1838 the confederation of Central America was pragtically dissolved. This result was di- rectly due'to the struggles and intrigues of the aristocratic.faction which had favored the in- corporation of the country in the empire of Iturbide, openly aided by the priests and bigots, and collectively called serviles, against the liberal-and republican party. Notwithstanding State of Costa P ca. Close upon that came the seizure of the left bank of the Renian river in Hondu’ sas, and the organization of the islands belong ing to that State as a British co- lony. The / sovernment of Nicaragua, to be cut up by Me agers. Crampton and Webster, was bullied ar 44 insulted, and her minister in the United £ gates, for steadfastly opposing the same project, , was dismissed in disgrace. As * n inevitable result, not only were the Li- bera’ s and the friends of union, and of our coun- try disheartened, but many of them, believing th ey had been betrayed, became converted into ‘open opponents, The name of America in Ni- caragua, which had been an open sesame every where, from the house of the rich proprietor to the hut of the poorest Indian, actually passed into a term of reproach. Our influence. became wholly lost. In the other States the feeling @ disappoint- ment and the reaction, if not so obvious, were vertheless as effective. The Constituent As- sembly, sharing the popular sentiment, discou- raged, adjourned, and only met again after a long interval, to find the fire of nationality extinguished, and the liberals cold and des- pondent, while the serviles and factionists were exultant and gathering strength. It nevertheless endeavored to proceed with its duties. But in the month of June of last year, the Governor of San Salvador for- mally recalled its delegates, disavowed the pact, and resumed its national attributes, The predominating causes of this step have already been indicated. But there was another more direct. By some ill-fortune, a man who had been a priest and friar, Duenas by name, had reached the post of Chic? of San Salvadér, True to his instincts, he abandoned those who had raised him to power, and fraternized with the priests and aristccrats of Guatemala and the dictator of that so-called republic, who States, in case they should consider themselves bound to sustain the pact by force of arms. The bad example thus set was soon after fol- lowed by Nicaragua, so that Honduras was left alone in her adhesion to the principle of nation- ality. Since then she has been exposed to the constant assaults, open and covert, of the reac- tionary party, who, as we have said, have their stronghold in Guatemala, the seat of the old vice-regal court. The hostilities now waging upon Honduras by Guatemala are directed to the avowed object of driving from power the leaders of the liberal party, who are at the head of affairs in that State. Her government have openly declared that they will entertain by.a single loan effected this year: and the re- | this disaster, the liberals, faithful to their prin- |.no negotiations for peace until the personnel sources of the empire would enable the Empe- ror to decuple this loan if it-were necessary. ciples, constantly struggled to reconstruct the confederation. The three liberal States, Hon- and policy of the government of Honduras are changed—in other words, until Honduras aban- On the other hand, both Franee and England | duras, Nicaragua, and San Salvador, several | dons her independence and falls into the reac- will.find it no easy matter to snpply funds for carrying on a long war. The British people may consent for-a year to lose.all the benefits which free trade bestowed on them in the way insufficient, and .the taxes are raised above the point where they steod in 1846, it is impossible that the infliction can be tranquilly borne. considered a marvellous thing that her revenue of last year should only have fallen short of her been usual. Where the surplus for war appro- priations is to come from, no one can tell. Every resource -has already been used nearly to exhaustion. Again, much of the result of a war depends upon the motives which inspire the combatants, and the stake each has at issue. Men always fight better for their homes than for conquest; better for honor than for money. The most powerful incentive known is religion; next to that, patriotism. Beth of these incentives are at work in the Russian breast. Every Russian believes that he is ordeined by God to extirpate Moslemism from Europe. The Czar judiciously fosters this spirit, by writing manifestoes in the style of the old Puritan leaders. And there isno doubt that the bulk of the Russian people be- lieve that the Western nations, whose faith, though Christian, is not that of the Greek Church, are little better than their Mahom- medan allies. On the other hand, the motives which place the sword in the hand of English- men and Frenchmen are of the most impalpable character. England and Franee are fighting for an abstraction—a fabled balance of power, about which no sailor or soldier understands or cares anything. They are not defending their homes, nor warring for their faith. If the Sultan were crushed to-morrow, no British sailor or French soldier would be one whit the werse off: no one in fact but a statesman would be disposed to view the event in the light of a calamity. It is hardly reasonable to suppose that, if the war lasts, the personal sympathies of the allied troops will not rather lean to the side of their Christian foes than to that of their barbarous Mussulman allies, There is yet another consideration that will give Russia the advantage in the struggle. Prussia and Austriaare obviously with the Czar af heart. At the first opportunity they will de- clare themselves openly on his side. This can- not strengthen Franceand England. Nor can Napoleon engage as freely in a war, with a | quarter of a million disaffected subjects at home, | as Nicholas who has nothing to fear froma similar danger. For these reasons we by no means share the European belief that the allies will be success- ful and Russia defeated. To us, a second 1812 would seem much more probable. A MiLiioxaire Aone THe Eprrors.—We give in another part of to-day’s paper a curious let- ter trom a correspondent at Woodbury, Con- necticut, who sends usa full account of the death of an aged citizen of that place, and the consequent windfall to Joseph A. Scoville, editor of the Pick, a merry weekly journal of this city. We have already alluded to the death of Mr. Preston, and the probability that he would leave to his legal heir and connections a large amount of property; but this correspondent gives us all the particulars concerning the ori- gin, pedigree and prospects of the heir-at-law. Mr. Scoville has long been a prominent poli- tician in this city, especially at Tammany Hall; and while the late John C, Calhoun was Seere- tary of State, Mr. Seoville was his private secretary. Of late Mr. Scoville has published a weekly paper in this city, and its columns presperons, and it apparently continues so to be. The number for this week contains one of the most racy descriptions of scenes and charac- ters in Washington, gathered during the editor’s residence in that city with Mr. Calhoun, that we have ever read. 6 OCA A UAUOUMER ioe QUI fe DU b a Ree coe Che LALO MOU EAL | bee wewewearad Uroughont the country. very | have contained valuable and interesting per- sonal and political reminiscences of the life and character of Mr.Calhoun, This paper has been | times invited the others to take the preliminary meagures for this purpose, but without effect They then made several attempts on their own account, which were broken up by the intrigues servile faction, supported always by English in- fluence. It is a singular fact that each time conventions were called an English squadron in great part, resulted the failure of these at- tempts. The idea, however, was never relin- duras, although exercising separately all the at- tributes of nationality, still abstained from taking the name. They styled themseves States. When Mr. Hise was sent out as Charge d’Affaires of the United States, in 1848, he was accredited only to Guatemala, but was nevertheless instructed by Mr. Buchanan, by his advice and influence to promote a re-union of the States of the old repub- lic. His instructions were made part of those of Mr. Squier, his successor; but as this gentle- man was accredited to each and all the States, he was enabled to do more than Mr. Hise could, in the nature of things, accomplish. He ex- pressed the sentiments of his government to that of Nicaragua, which immediately took the initiative towards a union of at least the three Central States. Her over- tures were made in the best possible spirit, and commissioners were named by Honduras, San Salvador and Nicaragua, for the pur- pose of fixing upon the general basis of union. They met in Leon, in Nicar- agua, in November, 1849, and celebrated a pact, which was subsequently accepted unanimously by the three States. In conformity with this, representatives were elected to frame a national constitution. Meantime the administration of the general relations of the three States was confided to a pro tempore President and Coun- cil, under the style of the “National Repre- | sentatives of Central America.” | All this took place in 1850; and on the Ist of January, 1851, by the solemn decrees of the States, the provisions of the pact went into ef- fect. This pact was far from perfect; but its defects were of a kind gradually to remedy themselves. Had it been recognized, and re- ceived in this way the sanction of the United States, whose government had incited the mea- sure, it would have endured, and the foundation have thus been laid fora firm nationality, owing its origin to the Uiftted States. and remaining forever its constant friend. But what was the course of the administration of Mr. Fillmore? In June following the instal- lation of the National Representation—five months after the States had formally surren- dered to it their national attributes—Mr. Fil! more appointed a Charge d’Affairs, Mr. Kerr, to Nicaragua. In due season he made his appear- ance there, and presented his credentia’s to the State authoritics. They of course declined to receive them, and referred him to the National Repre:entation. To thisreference, made in the best spirit, and in unexceptionable terms, he replied in a heat, saying in substance, “that neither he nor bis government knew anything of the Natioval Representation.” The liberals who had led in the organization, under, as they believed, the auspices, and relying upon the suprort of the United States, were thunder- struck and paralyzed. The English agents and the serviles were exultant, and taunted their opponents with what they styled their reliance on the United States. The mass of the people were indignant and discouraged, and again the disorgan’zing factions became bold and active. Then came the vacillating policy of our gov- | ernment in respect to San Juan and the Mos-~ quito shore. The treaty which they had been told vas to relieve them from further British aggression and restore them their lost terri- | tories, turned out to be worse than a nullity-— an artfnl play on words, exciting delusive hope: but leading to nothing. Next came the infamous i tionary movement, the tendencies and objects of which we have heretofore explained. Such is the ‘present condition of affairs in Central America. A reactionary anti-demo- of diminiskedtaxation ; but when this proves | set on foot and the disorders organized by the | cratic and anti-republican administration exists in every State except Honduras. And Americans may well blush to reflect how much the responsibility of this state of things rests France,.as every one knows is still worse pre- | appeared on the coast, instituting claims and | upon the past conduct and policy of the United pared to bear the.expense of hostilities. Itwas | blockades or seizing upon territory. Hence, | States. Had that been manly and consistent, as it should have been, not only would American influenge haye been preserved, but the peace expenditures by $800,000; larger deficits having | quished, and Nicaragua, Salvador, and Hon- | and ultimate prosperity of the greater part, if not the whole, of Central America, would have been secured. It will require long and serious effort to regain the ground which has been lost, and much will depend upon the zeal, activity and perseverance of our representatives there. Meantime, it is the obvious policy of the United States, not less than her duty, to see that the State of Hondurasshall not suffer from her attachment to our country and its* institu- tions and her devotion to republican princi- ples. Tae Navy AnD THE GADsDEN TREATY.— While the United States navy is in almdst a state of dilapidation, and utterly unfit to pro- tect us in view of the startling events now daily occurring in the Old World, our government is hard at work, in secret session of the Senate, endeavoring to obtain legislative sanction to the spending of twenty millions of good money in order ¢ establish a despotism in Mexico. Was ever Fich folly, such wickedness, such sui- cidal policy, exhibited by any sane government claiming to be conducted upon the most ordi- nary principles of common sense ? COMMENCEMENT OF THE PROVISIONAL GovERN- MENT FOR THE City.—Our readers are aware that the persons resident on Broadway have held a meeting to take into consideration the state of that thoroughfare. By that meeting Mr. Genin was elected Superintendent of Broad- way, and was authorized to collect subscrip- tions with which to pay the expenses of keeping it in a proper state of cleanliness. Mr. Genin has attended to his duty, and has collected eighteen hundred dollars—five thousand dollars will soon be raised. Mr. Genin has engaged a force of fifty men, who will sweep Broadway every night, so that it will be clean as a newly. serubbed kitchen floor at six o’clock every morning. The cross streets, from which dust sometimes blows into Broadway, will also be swept. The street being kept clean, there will be no occasion for water. Watering a smoothly paved street is always dangerous. Mr. Genin’s men receive one dollar per day; and he can find plenty more who are willing to work at that promised to aid him in resisting the other | TESS PTS OR AAI I DEE SESE PEE TIFT CLIT LLL RET ES a ESE SY of that extraordin’ yry nation, and the little citizen should visit the Boards of Councilmem and of Aldermen, and if he is not ashamed and disgusted he can find more food for merriment than in any comedy ever played in the city, even by Burton’s or Wallack’s company. How much longer such a state of things fs to exist we know not, but as repentance is always pos- sible there is yet some hopes for our city government. Its members should cease to talk at and about each other; they should drop the Pharisee style, and make no more long prayers at the corners of the streets; and, finally, they should remember their oaths of office, and work for the interests of their constituents and the good of the city. We know this is novel treatment—it may be shocking at first—but we are of the opinion that. it is a shower bath which will be refreshing im the final effect} though it may take faway the people’s breath for a moment. We have not much hope, but we recommend the attention of the Council to the thing mainly on account of its freshness. It would seem odd to witn sixty men doing their duty! Opening of the Spring Fashions. i On Thursday, as previously announced in the ad~ vertising columns of the Hxratp, the show room@ of our fashionable milliners and dressmakers wer@ thrown open to the public for the display of the spring and summer fashions. They were crowded throughout the greater part of the day by eager spectators, desirous to secure the choicest specimens, an@ by country milliuers, and city ones, too, of a lower status, anxious to obtain the Paris fashions without ex- pense. Private carriages were dashing from one estab- lishment to another, and files of them drawn up at any door might have been taken yesterday for an infallible sign that there was ‘‘an opening” within, On entering, the hats, arranged in admirable order, each contrasting with and setting off the other, and the groups of richly dressed ladies flitting from room to room, or fluttering round some creation of Parisian ge- nius like butterflies round a flower, presented an animated. coup dail. The initiated might have known some time ago that “opening day’? was coming, from thefappearance of the | Broadway stores, for they have exhibited lately unmis- takeable symptoms of s change of season; grave color® and heavy materials have disappeared, Irish poplins an@ French merinos have been quietly shelved, and velvet | hate have vanished from the windows. In their stead we have transparent textures and gossamer tissues ——“ light as the foamy surf That the wind severs from the broken wave,’ and cool, bright colors, that to us seem ever ‘‘ babbling of green fields ” and sea-side rambles. The long, drooping, snow-white plumes, reminding us of illimitable deserts where'the ostrich loves to wander, and of which Frali- gath loves to write, have vanished, and in their place appear small tufts of marabout feathers, soft and fleecy as the down on én angel’s wing. All the ammunition for the coming campaign is stored away in these Broadway arsenals, and none is more effective than those exquisite laces—fitting shade for beauty—lighterand more’ trans+ parent than the foam from whick the Grecian. Venus emerged. But to return to the opening: The prominent feature in the new fashions is the total absence of simplicity, or even the affection of it, in the dresses, hats, or mantil- Ins. A redundancy of ornaments, a prodigality of trim- mings, and a superabundance of embellishments, every= where prevail; dresses are fluttering with ribbons an@ flounces, dazzling with gold embroidery, or radiant with: flowers. Hats are bending beneath their flowery bur dens—daisies and damask roses, ‘‘the humble flower that loves the lea,”” and the rare exotic. Splendor and. profusion are everywhere visible, and republican sim* Plicity is fast approximating to aristocratic luxury. BONNETS. Bonnets are this season made invariably with cap crowns; the fronts are small and just sufficiently flared — to admit a profusion of inside trimmings, which, generally consist of flowers, in wreaths, or clusters, or hanging- sprays. The principal novelty is a fall of lace around the: edge of the hat, which has a charming effect. ‘Tho shapes are the very prettiest we have ever seen, elegant and graceful; and the artistic taste displayed in the arrange- ment of the flowers, the combination of colors, and the: harmonious blending of every hue and shade is worthy of- all praise. The flowers are generally small; no gaudy Peonas, nor staring sunflowers, but clusters of delicate: sweet pea, the colors melting into each other Ike the hues of the rainbow, myrtle blossoms, “ivory pure,” vio- lets, moss-roses, “hypericum all bloom,” “althea with. the purple eye,” ‘hosts of golden daffodils,”” and jasmin with “the bright profusion of its scattered stars.’” Around the outside rim flowers are wreathed, mingling with the inside trimmings, and imparting a look of luxu- rious beauty to the hat. The materials used are various * ribbon, silk, lace, straw, hair—and the combination of these different materials produces sufficient variety to piease the most opposite tastes. We have some very beautiful hats made of fancy straw, and ornamented: with the same profusion of floral trimmings. There is slight depression, a graceful fall in the crown, and the: cape is almost concealed beneath a mass of spreading field flowers, “hedge row beauties numberless,’’ that ex- tend across the back of the bonnet, and fall in thicker clusters over the ear. One hat displayed at an opening we cannot forbear particularizing, not for its beauty, for there were others in the same place far more beautiful,but ~ for its singularity. It was made of white silk, embroidered with acorns and oak leaves in straw; and, for novelty and tatse of design and finish of execution, reflects credit om Parisian milliners. Nothing can exceed the care with which unbecoming colors are kept from coming in con- tact with the face; thege trying colors, as they are called,’ may be desirable enough for the outeide of the bonnet, but inadmissible for the inside, and in such cases flowers: answer a double purpose. Ribbon is much used in trim} ming; detached bows and rosettes with floating ends are. placed at intervals round the edge, those in children’s hats being interspersed with narrow fancy straw. In some styles the wreath is not carried round, but passes from ear to ear, forming a floral coronet, the sides being filled up with lace or streaming ribbons. Straw and Leghorn are also worn, trimmed with wreaths of scarlet hips and blushing berries glancing through dark dreen leaves, or marabout feathers, tipped with straw; the latter style of trimming is striking and distingue. DRESSES. Great variety prevails in the cut of the waists and sleeves, individual taste and caprice breaking through the monotony imposed by fashion, and asserting their supremacy. But generally speaking, the open corsage prevails, without uniformity of style, however,. some being open to the waist, in tho shape of a heart; some cut square across about half way down the cor- sage, and others cut very low on the bosom, in the shape of a bow tightly strung. Basques are still fashionable, rounded, pointed, or cut square in Spanish fashion, the skirts very long, almost forming a train, and, when not price, notwithstanding the fact that the Com- mon Council pays men a dollar anda half or two dollars per diem for doing nothing. It will be necessary for the inhabitants of other parts of the city to follow the example of the denizens of Broadway if they would keep off pestilence during the summer months, for we have +o government. The sixty gentlemen called Councilmen have been three months in sess'on, and we will feel indebted to any person who will point out one good act that they have accomplished. The whole country is laughing at them, and at the citizens of New York, for sending them to the City Hall. The amended charter gives the Councilmen the power to “originate” all measures. What measures have they “originated?” Nothing that we know of, except a carouse for themselves, for which they made Capt. Crighton an excuse, and a banquet at the Metropolitan, where the dinner was good and the speeches horribly egotistic. They have also originated the following bon mot, which has been going rounds of the press.. On one meet- ing of the Councilmen, a member objected to proceeding with the business as a quorum was | not present. Another Councilman jumped upon his feet and said that he thought the member from —— district must be mistaken: “There is,” said he, “uo such person as A, Quorum who holds | a seat at this board.’ In such a style as thisis project recognizing and defining the “ Mosqui- to Kingdom.” sereetne to protect it, and divi: the government of this great city held up to, the scorn, contempt. end laughter of every Iit- made with flounces or over skirts of unequal length, trimmed with velvet or bows of ribbon, The sleeves aro of every form, puifed, pagoda and flowing sleeves, box Plated; some slashed at the bottom, a la Francois premier;- some looped up in the inside, with a knot of ribbon, cord ond tassel, and some are slit open from the shoulder, on either or both sides of the sloeve, in the Oriental ox r Turkish style, ¢} The material most in use at present is silk, (for the filmy textures we have alluded to belong to the coming summer;) silks, striped, plaid or blocked, and some with. alternate stripes of silk and satin, of delicate spring colors—green, violet, or ashes of roses. Ball dresses are made with double skirts or flounces, and are of light material; tarletan, richly embroidered with flowers, or grenadines striped with silver or gold, or stella dresses glittering with a ehower of gold or silver stars. s MANTILLAS. There is one important change in summer mantillas. ‘They are carf-shaped across the shoulders, but, instead of falling in folds, encumbering the arm, they meet across the bosom in the shapo of a berthe, and are thera: confined by a bow of ribbon. This keeps the mantilla, , firm, and prevents any ungraceful shifting, and likewise does away with that un-ladylike hiteh by which refrac- tory mantillas were brought {o thelr proper place. The plateau volant, formed of two deep flounces of ricl Chantilly lace, is of this style, and on a ‘slight, youthful looks eminently graceful. ho mant/au echarpe is, a8 its namo denotes, a compro mise between the mantilla and the scarf, and a most suo- cessful and unexceptionable compromise itis, uniting sho. grace of the the latter with the clegance of former, it _ in profusely trimmedtwith black satin ribbons, arranged ia longitudinal stripes, each stripe ending in bows and floating ends. The Fugenie is a very pretty summer atyle, which displays the figure to great advantage, for it descends only to the waist. It ts trimmed with a kind of network fringe, and this passing round the neck