The New York Herald Newspaper, February 15, 1854, Page 4

aL TT I EEOC ETE SE NEW YORK HERALD. PROPRIETOR AND EDITOR. OPTICE X. W. CORNER OF FULT N AND NASSAU CTS: TERM ossh tm aavancs THE DAILY HERALD 4 cons , yor sopy—W hy | THE WERKLY WRRALD 1 ccry Bate day of gt conte oy col of Great Brit tin sn? 50 to cow part of thr ‘Continent both io include posts ye re. Ty tounecet tone, or sith Advers eee ey ee ie ventas will be deducted from Be roney remivte : TRY CORRE SPONDBNCM, containing tmpor jor, #9 Ova Poumon CORRESPORDENTS MLY 8 guerre vo (SAL ALL LSTTERS AED ; “akon @ f anonymous comivunications We be return those resecte UE PRINTING executed with neatness, cheapness und des patoh. Wolwane ZOU s,,,.ccsenscssecersseerree: No. 44. 1 : AY USEMENTS THIS BVENING- « ,OWRRY "/HEATRE, ry—Usocis Tom's Canim, BiOADWAY THBATRE, Brondway—Tis Reavezvevs —A Mipsvwaen Night's UREAM. BURTON'S THEATRS, Chamhore ws Niewr’s Dream~—Rarnen Ex NATIONAL THEATRE, Chatham sircet -Afterncon— and Evening~ Unore Tom's (apie. Areet—A Minow TED, WALLACK’S TERATRE, Brosdwae ‘Porrma THE Question Bacurson or ARTS KOVR AND MURDER. ERICAN MUSE M—AS ming (MAmcorTe Te BROADWAY MENAGSAI#—Siauese Twird axD Wie oon—CHARLOT SS TEMPLE HAPPY BAN sere CHRISTY’S AMERI OPERA MougR, 472 Broad- way—Ernsoriaw MeL wy Onnrrs's Mavernurs, WOOD'S HINETHELS— Wood's Minstrel Ball, 444 Brot d- way RrHiorianw einer AEDST. BU KLFY’S OPPR4 HOUSE, 689 Breadway—Bvex- auy’s Eriuorian Orena Trowem. BANVARD'S GRORAMA, 696 Broadway—Pawoneua ay re ony “AND BHANISS GALLERY, 668 Brosdway—Pay and Byoning BGNOR [OLITZ—Srovvesant Ixetrruts, G3 Broad- way. AJ®DEMY HALL, 68 Broadway—Peanaw’s Grrr Bx- waweri0Ne OF THE SxVEN MiLE MIRROR. BRY+W GALLERY OF CERISTIAN ART—HS Broad way New Vork, Wednesday, The News. The Africa remained at her anchorage inside the Hook during yesterday, owing to the continued pre- valence of the fog. Our London files were delivered tm the afternoon, but the European mails, containing the letters of our regular correspondents, had not reached our office last night. We have extracted from the papers before us scme most interesting de- tails of the latest intelligence from the seat of war, accounts of the movements of the armies of Turkey and Russia, the position of the combined fleets, and ‘the probabilities of peace or a general war in’Europe. ‘The latest telegraphic despatches received from Lon- don at Liverpool are appended, and tie entire affair referred to in an editorial article. Judging from the tone of the Continental press, it would seem as if the question had entered a more pacific phase, but this aspect was liable to be entirely changed in even one day. The London papers look upon a further delay as practically ruinous to the cause of the Sultan. Sweden and Denmark had issued an official dec!ar- ation of neutrality during the impending struggle, which we publish. Madrid qgmtinued very much excited. Other min- isterial changes were expected. The whereabouts of Genere] O'Donnell was not known. The Russian fleet, which had arrived at Hongkong from Japan, brought a report of the death of the Emperor. A serious food riot had occurred in Limerick, Ire- land. A The steamship Canada, from Liverpool, is now about due at Halifax, and the America will soon reach Boston, when we may have a solution of the Jong agitated Eastern qnestion. At eight o'clock last evening the Africa avas anchored about half mile to the westward of the buoy of the Southwest Spit, wt which time the fog hanging over the bay was dense beyond the previous experience of the oldest navigators. Should the A. not be able to cume up this morning, a steamer will be sen! down for her mails. We learn from Washington that George Sanders’ nomination as Consul to London has been rejected by the Sengte. by a vote of twenty-nine to ten. It is said toat only two democrats voted in his favor. Mr. O'Sullivan has at last been confirmed as Charge fo Lisbon. Hon. Mike Walsh denies having written certain letter making some queer developements with regard to matters and things at the national eapital. The Nebraska Kansas question was again the theme of discussion in Congress yesterday. The Se- mate was crowded stan early hour with persons of Doth sexes and all ages and classes of society—from the gay belle, revelling in the height of fashion, to the staid matron, the distinguished statesman and the buckstering politician seeking for an office of any kind—all anxious to hear the speech of General Houston in opposition to Judge Douglas's bill. The General had evidently taken great pains to fally pre- " pare himself for the arduous task—volumes, decu- mente, pamphlets and other materials of reference, being piled upon his desk to the depth of four feet, #0 that when he sat down he was completely barti- eaded from view. After speakinga shert time he was compelled to yield, in consequence of being too il to proceed. From the tenor of his remarks, it will be observed that he bases his opposition to the measure entirely upon the ground that it will abro- gate existing treaties with the Indian tribes, to the great injury and injustice of the latter. Thus far he has not touched upon the slavery issue. He will re- sume bis remarks to day. Iu the early part of the day the Senate received s communication from the publisher of the Union mewspaper, arking to be relieved from his contract to publish the full debates, for the reason that they fill up his columns, to the exclusion of the House proceedings. As usual, Messrs. Seward and Brod head presented petitions against the Nebraska bill. The French Spoliation bill was ordered to be en grossed, by a vote of twenty-six to nineteen. ‘The House of Representatives spent most of the @ay in Committee of the Whole on the Homestead pill. Mr. Dawson, of Pennsylvania, thought tha his measure should be adopted, by all means, saying ¥ would only require one hundred and fifty million acres of land to give homesteads of one hundred and sixty acres to all who may apply for them for many years tocome. In addition, he would give fitty millions of acres towards the construction of @ railroad to the Pacific. Really, this appears to be entting into the public domain at a terrific rate. ‘Thus far, all the appropriations of land made by Con gress have not reached one hundred and th rty-five million acres; but here we have a propositioa to parsel out, free of charge, one hundred and fifty mil lions, at one'fell swoop, and this, too, in fave of the fact that this land belongs to the people of all the Btates, and if not required by the government shou! 4 be distributed among said States. Mr. Mace, of In diana, and Mr. Skeiton, of New Jersey, followed in speeches denouncing the Nebraska-Kansas bill, but were unable to surmount the incontrovertible fact that Congress, according to the constitution, has no right whatever to interfere in the question of slavery, ‘that matter being left to the direct adjadication of the people in the States and Territories, A despatch from Washington states that there is some diffieulty about the drawing of the Perham py Lottery, which was to have taken place yester- ‘ys We have received a copy of the message transmit ‘ted by Governor Bigler to the Senate and House of Representatives of Pennsylvania, in relation to the Franklin Canal Company, which is unavoidably erowded out of our columns to-day by the publica tion of foreign news. The following are the chief points of the document: —By virtue of the law re woking the charter of the Franklin Company, the Governor, at Erie, took possession of the railroad slsimed by that body, in the name of the Common- ‘svealth, and appointed » superintendent. He then | entered into a correspondence with the officers of | the company, and made a contract with the Ohio Railroad Company ‘or stocking and wing the lime | from Erie to the State line. All the papers which passed between the parties are copied. and annexetl. He congratulates the Legislature of the State on the assertion of the supremacy of the Yaw, and proseeds to consider the eaguiry o: whethey a grant should be | made for a road between the peiat from Erie to the Ohio State line, and upon what conditions. Amongst many possible, he prominently recommends one re- quiring the road to connect with the harbor-nt Erie. The Governor then ‘aby reviews the position of Pennsylvenia with regard to the surrounding States, snd denies that she hada quarrel with any of them, as he shows by reference to the history of the canal corporation in 1844, and the subsequeut railroad charters. The message is firm in tone, yet moderate and Eberal in sentiment. Scarcely anything else seems to be thought of among a certain portion of the inhabitants ef New England, than the Nebraska bill, which proposes to extend to the people of that and all other Territories the inalienable: ight to make and enforce such laws 3 may be in copsonance witk the wishes of the ma- jority. A home thrust was yesterday made at those who are so strenaously engaged in circulating peti- tions aga this bill, by Mr. Whitney, a democratic | member of the lower branch of the Massachusetts | Legislature, who declare@ that the people had no right to legislate for or ageinst slever7, in any otzer than their owo State. This remark was dra wa forth bya 8 of resolutions remonstrating against the bill pending in Congress. Two conventions assembled in Albany yesterjay, viz:—The Homeopathic Physicians and the Wo- men’s Rights advocates. The former transacted little ‘business of general interest; but in the other convention a variety of speeches were made, resolu- tions adopted, and other matters attended to, which, though they have been reiterated in similar bodies time and again, will be read with interest. Rev. Miss Brown, Mrs. Nichols, Mrs. Rose, and Mr. Chan- ning were the principal speakers. All of then ap- pesr to have avoided the Nebraska aud the canal que; tions, which are at present the great topics of the day. See the reports under the telegraphic head" A resolution was offered by Councilman Kennedy in the Board of Councilmen, last evening, authoriz- ing the Comptroller to pay the contractors for cleaning streets in those cases where the work had been performed. The Chairman of the Board made a few remarks upon the resolution, saying that he would do all in his power to have the streets cleaned, and hoped that tke time would come when New York, now the dirtiest city in the United S:ates, would become the healthiest andcleanest. We hope. 80 too, but see little prospect of that phenomenon at sent. "Win. Lloyd Garrison delivered the tenth anti-sla- very Jecture ast evening, in the Tabernacle, before a large audience. Our report of the lecture is crowded out to day. Our columns contain a variety of interesting in- formation relative to the canal question, which is to be decided by the election to-day, including a full report of the proceedings of the meeting at the Exchange yesterday; also, the continuation of the, investigation with regard to the loss of the San Francisco by the Military Court of Inquiry; the transactions or the Committee of the Common Council concerning the opening of Albany street through Trinity churchyard, and a large amount of telegraphic, local and general news, to which we cannot afford space to refer more minutely. Important from Washington—The Gadsden Treaty—The Copyright Treaty. Having informed the public some time since, of the substance of Gen. Gadsden’s treaty with Santa Anna, in advance of any information re- ceived by the President of the United States, we lay before our readers this morning—still in advance of the Cabinet organs—the text of the treaty itself. Wealso give the amendments, in fall, proposed by Mr. Everett to the copyright treaty, the original text of which we published a few days ago. The following is the amendment proposed by Mr. Everett to the convention between the United States of America and her Britannic Majesty, for the establishment. of international copyright, concluded at Washington on the seventeenth day of February, in the year of our Lord eighteen hundred and fifty-three, and or- dered to be printed for the use of the Senate, viz.— Strike out the sixth article of the convention, and substitute the following as article sixth:— Article 6. The right of property or copyright, provided for by this convention, shall be enjoyed in the United States only in the case of such works of British authors as shall be stereotyped or printed and published in the United States; and it shall be enjoyed in Great Britain only in the case of such works of United States authors as shall be searooerped or printed and published in Great Britain. en a work is first published in the country of the author, no right or property or copyright in the same shall be enjoyed in the other country, unless the republi cation ‘takes plaze within three months from the time of the first publication; and if two or more editions ef a work shall be published in either coun” try at different prices, no right of property or copy” right shall be enjoyed in favor of the said work, un’ less there shall be @ republication in the other coun try of an edition not more expenrive ‘han the eheap- est of the aforesaid editions published at different prices. This completes the text of the copyright treaty. We now proceed to give a copy of Gen. Gadsden’s treaty with Mexico, now before the Senate, with the amendments suggested by President Pierce :-— MESSSAGE FROM THE PRESIDANT OF THR UNITRD STATZS, COMTAINING A TRBACY BETWEEN THK UNITED STATE3 OF AMKRICA AND TOR MEXICAN REPUBLIC, CONCLUOBD AT THE CITY OF MsXxIO0 DECEMBEK 13, 1853. To THE Senats oF THE UNITED StaTes :— I transmit to the Senate, for its consideration, with a view to ratification, a treaty between the United States and the Mexican republic, eigned by the Plenipotentiaries of the parties in the city of Mexico, on the 13th of December last. Certain amendmenta are pfopored ia the instrument, as herein specified, viz. :— In order to make the dutes and obligations stipn- lated in the second artiele reciprocal, it is proposed to add to that the following articles: — And the government of Mexico aj that the stipulations contained in this article, to be performed by the United States, shall be reciprocal; and Mexi- co shall be under like obligations to the United States and citizens therefor, as those herein above im on the latter, in favor of the republic of Mexico and Mexican citizens. it is also recommended that for the third article of the original treaty, the following shall be adopted as a substitute: — In consideration of the grants received by the United States, and the obligations relinquished by the Mexican republic, pursuant to this treaty, the former agree to pay the latter the sum of fifteen millions of dollars, in gold or silver cin, at the treasury at Washington one-fifth of the amount.on the exchange of ratifications of the present treaty at Washington, and the remaining four-fifths in month- ly instalments of three millions each, with interest at the rate of six per cent per annum until the whole be paid—the government of the United States re- serving the riakt to pay up the whole sum of fifteen millions at an earlier date, as may be to it conye- nient. The United States also agree to assume all the claims of their citizens against the Mexican repub lic, which may have arisen ander treaty or the law of nations since the date of the signature of the treaty of Guadalupe, and the Mexican republic aj to exonerate the United States of America all claims of Mexico or Mexican citizens which may have arisen under treaty or the Jaw of nations siace the date of the treaty of Guadalupe; so that each government, in the most formal and effective man- ner, shall be exemp:ed and exonerated of ali sach obligations to each other respectively. 1 alse recommend that the eighth article be modi- fied by striking out all after the word “attempts” in the twenty-third line of that article. The part to be omitted is as follows:—‘They mutaally and espe- cially obligate themselves in all cases of such law- less enterprises, which may not have been prevented through the civil authorities before formation, to aid with the flaval and military forces, on due notice be- ing given by the aggrieved party of the aggressions of the citizens nd subjects of the other, so that the lawless adventorers may be pursued and overtaken on the high sees, their elements of war destroyed, ‘and the deluded captives tield responsible in their very and meet with the merited retritytion in- ficted by the laws of nations against si! such dis- of the peace and happiness of contiguous and friendly powers” —it being understood that in all caves of successful pursuit and ca} the delin- | quents so captured shall be jadged amd punished by the government of that nation to which the vessel capturing them may belong, conformably to tue laws | of each nation. . At the close of the instrument i will also be advi- sable to suostitute seventy-cighth for seven*y-seventh year of thre Indepeudence ot the United States. Meank Lin Pipxce. \ Wasxixeron, Feb. 10, 1854, | eREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMBRICA AND THE M¥XICAN REPUBLIC, CONCLUDED AT THE CITY OF MEXICO, THE 301M Day OF DACBMBER, IN THE YEAR OF OUR LORD, 1853. z In the neme of Almighty God: The Republic of | Mexico andthe United tuates of America desiring | to remove every cause of disagreement which might | intertere im avy manner with better friendship and | intercourse between the two countries, and especially in chests 1 the trueTimits which should be estab- lished, when, notwithstanding what was covenanted in the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in the year 1548, opposite interpretations have been urged which might give occasion to questions of 'serious moment; to avoid these and to strengthen and more firmly maintain the peace which tappily ate between the two republics, the President of the United States bas for this purpese appointed James Gadaden, Envoy Extraordinary avd Mavister Plenipoteutiary, ad. hoc. His Uxcelleney Don Manuel Diez Bonilla, Cavalier of treGrand Cross of the national and distinguished order of Guadalupe, and Secretary of State and of the office of Foreign Relation, and Don Jose Salazar Yiarregui and Gen. Mariano Monterde, as Scientitic Commissioners, invested with full powers for this negotiation, who,having communicated their respec- | tive full powers, and findiog them in due and proper form, have agreed upon the articles following: — Art. 1, The Mexican Republic agrees to designate the following as her true limits with the United states for the fature, retaining the same dividing line be: tween the two Californias as already defined and established according ¢o the fifth artiv'e of the treaty of Guadatupe Hidalgo. The limits between the two republics shall proceed from the voint where the aforesaid Jine intersects the river Colorado, along the middle of the deepest channel of this river to a point cistant two marine leagues, tothe most northern part of the Gulf of California, thenee in succession a right line to the intersection of the 31st parallel of latitude vorth, with one hundred and eleven degrees longi- tude west of Greenwich; whence another right line to thirty-one degrees forty-eeven minutes thirty seconds of north latitude, where the same will cross the boundary line, descending the Rio Grande or Bravo Del Norte to the Gulf of Mexico, as defined in thefifth srticle of the treaty of Gaadalape. And it is agreed that should the line before described, from the intersection of the parallel thirty-one degrees of latitude north, with the meridian one hundred and eleven degrees west of Greeawich, to tts crossing the Rio Grande in latitude thirty one degrees forty-seven minutes thirty seconds, traverse the Lale Guzman, said live shail be broken so as to form an angle at a point distant one marine league south of the most southern part of that lake. Fer the performance ofthis portion of the treaty eseh of the two governments shall nominate one commissioner, to the end that by common consent the two thas nominated having met in the city of Passo del Norte three months after the exchange of the ratifications of this treaty, may proceed to sur- vey and mark out upon the land the dividing line stipulated by this arsicle, where it shall not have al- reacy been surveyed and established by the mixed commission according to the treaty of Guaadalape, keeping a journal and making proper ee of their operations. For this purpoee, if they should judge it neces:ary, the contracting parties shall be at liverty each to unite to its respective commission scientific or other assistants, such as astronomers and sur- veyors, whose concurrence shall not be necessary for the settlement and ratification of a true line of 3 tion between the two republiss; that line shi slone established upon which the commissioners may fix their consent in this particular, being decisive and an integral past of this treaty, without necessity of ulterior ratification or Spr and without room for interpretation of any kind by either of the parties contracting. The dividing line thus established shall in all time be faithfully respected by the two governments, |, without apy variation therein, unless by the expres ard free consent of the two, given in conformity to the principles of the Jaw of nations, and in accord- pe with the constitution of each country respec- tively. Tt sine the stipulation in the fifth arti- cle of the treaty of Guadalupe upon the boundary line, therein described, is no longer of apy force wherein is may conflict with that here established, the seid line being considered annulled and abolishea wherever it may not coincide with the present, and in the same manner remaining in fall force where ir accordance with the rame. Art. 2. With the like desire to maintain the most perfect peace and friendly relations between both countries, it has been agreed that to remove ali occasion of dispute on account of reclamations, to the present date, founded on alleged Indian incursions, and to avoid all contests upon the true spirit and in tention of the obligation stipulated in the e'eventh article of the treaty of Guadalupe, the same has been and is hereby abolished and annulled. The government of the United States agrees, not- witastanding this abrogation and annulment, to pro vide such additional Jaws and regulations as the sub- ject may in good faith demand, making it a highly pe fence on the et of any inhabitant of the nited States, or the Territories thereof, to purchase or receive horses, mules, cattle, or property of any kind, knowing the same to have been stolen within the limita of Mexican territory by Indians or by any other persons; and furthermore agrees to re- turn, on demand, to their legitimate owners, what may have been stolen, as soon as the same shali have been recovered by the authorities of the United States ; and in the event of any person or persons captured upon Mexican territory, being car- tied witbin the boundaries of the United States, the government of the latter engages to use every fair and reasonable means that the nature and circum- stances of the case will admit, to rescue and return such esptives to their own country, or deliver them to an agent or representative of the Mexican govern- ment, requiring simply the repayment to the officers or agents of the United States who may go deliver or return them, the expenses incurred in the mainte- nance and transmission of the rescued captives, Finally, the government of the United States promises that on any occasion she may have to re- move the Indians from any point of her territory, or to settle thereupon her own citizens, especial ‘care ehall be taken not to place said Indians under neces: sity of seeking new homes by means of incursions into the M@xtcan territory. Art. 3. In consideration of the grants received by the United States, and the obligations relinquished by the Mexican Republic, pursuant te this , the former agree to pay tp the latter the sum of o million dollars in gold or silver coin, at the treasury at Washington; one fifth of the amount on the exchange of ratifications of the present treaty at Ws " ton, and the remaining four-fifths in monthly i z mens of three millions each, with interest at the rate of six per cent per annum until the whole be paid, the goverpment of the United States reserving the right to pey up the eum of fitteen millions at an ear- lier date, a8 may be to her convenieat. United States also agree to assume all the claims of their citizens, of whatever right, title, or foundation, which may hve arisen since the date of the signature of the treaty of Guadalupe, or which may not have been provided for therein, er of any corporation, company, or citizens of the same, in- cluding the claim of the so called concession to Ga- Tay, Whose lawiul existence Mexico doee not recog- nise even as implied, thus extinguishing this among the cther claims of citizens of the United States against the republic of Mexico; said United States obligating themselves not to make any payment on account of the socalled con- cession to Garay witheat having previously delivered to the agent of the Mexican government accredited at W: ae he all the evidence and doca- ments used by the holders of said concession in ea tablishing their rights and claims, legally relinquish- ed in favor of tfexico by such holders and claimante; and it is agreed in the reciprocal release of ob- ligations that the Mexican government exonerates the United States of America from all claims of Mexico or Mexican citizens which may have arisen since the date ot the treaty of Guadalape, so that each government, in the most formal and’ effective manner, shall be exempted and exonerated of all ob- end to each other respectively, whether ef them- selves or in behalf of their respective citizens, up to the date of the signature of the present b Art.4, The government of the Unit States shall organize a Board of Commissioners, which shall meet in the city of Washington, or at Mexico, as the President of the United States may direct, within meyer from the date of the exchange of the rati- fications of the treaty, for the purpose of examinin, and deciding the claims assumed by the Unit States in the preceding article, according to the pause of justice, the law of nations and the aty in force een the two and whose awards shall be final and conclusive; and the United States, exonerating Mexico from all demands on account of the claims of their citizens, considera tions mentioned in the preceding article, and con- sidering them entirely and forever cancelled, what- ever their amount, undertake to make satiafaction for the same in a sum not exceeding five million of dollars. And if for the purpose of disebarging their duties, the Board of Commissioners should meet in the capital of the Mexican Tepublic, the government of the same will afford all necessary protection for the continued pacific exercise of its fnnctions, and will extend every facility in the farnishing to the com: missioners and claimants all such documents estat lishing their rights as they may require, and which may be within the extent of its reach te supply. Art. 5. The provisions of the sixth and seventh articles of the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo baying been rendered pogatory for the most part by the cession of ter granted by the first article of this treaty, the said articles are hereby abrogated and annulled, and the provisions as hereia expressed substituted therefor. The vessels and ¢ftizens of the United States shall have free ani unin‘errupted pas sage torough the Gulf of California to and from ir ons situated north of tte boundary lise of the two countries; it being understood that this paceage is to be by navigating the Gulf of Cahfornia and tae river Colorado, and not by land, without the express coneent of tie Mexicen government, and pre- cisely the same provisions, stipulations and restric- tions in all respects, are dereby agreed aes and adopted, and shall be screpulously observed by tae two centracting governments, in reference to the Rio Colorado, so far avd for such distance as the middie of that river is made their common boundary line by the first article of this treaty. ‘The several provisions, regulations and restric- tions contained in the seventh article of the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo shall remain ia force only so far @s regards the Rio Bravo del Norte below the initial of the said boundary, provided in the first article of this treaty; that is to say, below the intersection of 91 degrees 47 minutes and 30 seconds parallel of latitude with the boundary line established by the late treaty, dividing the said river from its mouth upwards, according to the fifth article of the treaty of Guadalupe. Art. 6. NT the provisions of the eighth and ninth, sixteenth and seventeecth articles of the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo shall apply to the territory eeded by the Mexican republic in the first ariicle of the present treaty, avd to all the rights of person and property, both civil and ecclesiastical, within the same, as fully and as effectually as if the said arti cles were herein again recited aud setforth. Art. 7. No grants of jand within the territory ceded by the first article of this treaty, bearing date subsequent to the day, 25th of September, whea the Minicter apd subscriber to this treaty on the part of the United States proposed to the government of Mexico to terminate the que:tion of boundary, will be considered valid or be recognized by the United States, nor will any grants made previously be res- sted or be considered as o>ligatory, which have not been lccated and duly recorded in the archives of Mexico. Art. 8. The two high contracting powers, fully impressed that under aupices of peace, and upon the basis of mutual good faith and of the respect whica nations reciprocally owe, their prosperity will in- crease, especially when from vicinity their interests grow to be mingled, and identified and recognized, the reciprocal obligations of civilized governments and the acknowledged provisions of the laws of na- tions, agree by these preseuts, in proof of that eatire confidence which they mutually entertain, and of that friendship which they desire to be as perfect, unalterable and complete as possible, that whenever the tranquillity and inte rior of either country shall be threatened by unlawful invasions of any of the citizens of either power against the territory of the other, respectively, they will {cheerfully co-operate in their endeayors te suppress all such attempts. They mutually and especially obligate themselves in all cases of such law- less steal ip which may not have been prevented through the civil authorities before formation, to aid with the ey reat ey forces, oy ioe nation be- ing given by the aggrieve ‘ty of the aggressions of ibe eitizens and eakjects of the other, and that the lawless adventurers may be pursued and over- taken on the high sea, their elements of war destroy- ed, and the deluded captives held responsible in their person, and that with the merited retribution inflteted by the laws of nations against all sueh dis- turbers of the peace and happiness of Paneanons and friendly powers. It being understood that in all cases of successful capture the delimquents so eap- tured shall be judged and punished by the govern- ment of that nation to which the vessel capturing them may belong, conformably to the laws of each nation. 9. Should there at any fatare period, ame God forbid) occur any disagreements between ie two nations which might lead to a rapture of their relations of reciprocal peace. they bind them- selves in like manner to procure by every possible method the adjustment of every difference; and should they still in this manner not succeed, never will they proceed to a declaration of war without having previously paid attention to what has been set forth in article twenty-one in the treaty of Gua- dalupe, for similar cases, which article,as well as the twenty-second, is here prefixed. Art. 10. This treaty shall be-ratified, and the re- spective ratifications shall be exchanged at the city of Washington within the exact period of four rele from the date of its signature, or sooner if poseible. In testimony whereof, we, the plenipotentiaries of the contracting parties, have hereunto affixed our bands and seals at Mexico, the thirteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the thirty-third year of the independence of the Mexican republic, and the seventy-sevénth of the United States. Jamas Gapspan, Manus Diaz ps Borris. Jose Satazan YLARREGUI. T. Manrano Monrxgve. It will be seen that two of the President's amendments to this Gadsden treaty are of some moment—first, that in relation to the relin- quisbment by Mexico of all claims arising from Indian spoliations under the treaty of Guada- lupe Hidalgo; secondly, that relating to the filibusteroes. It means, sabstantially, that it Captain Walker and his party are captured by any other party authorized the prisoners shall be delivered over for trial to the United States. This is an important saving clause to the Lower California liberating expedition. As he has proposed toamend it, the presenta- tion by the President of the Gadsden treaty to the Senate is evidence that he approves it. We sball see now what the Senate will do— whether they are ready to make a haul upon the treasury of twenty millions for the relief of Santa Anna anda lot of Mexican specula- tors, the equivalent to us being the selvage of a desert, or whether they will wisely adopt the policy of starving Santa Anna out, and thus secure the whole of Mexico, free of expense, in good season. In conclusion, we understand that in the Se- nate on Monday Mr. Brodhead and others, in executive session, expressed their displeasure at the information which will, somehow or other, creep into the New York Herarp, of their secret proceedings, when they are of suf- ficient public interest to justify their publica- tion. We do trust that the Senate will not for- get its ridioulous proceedings directed against this journal in the matter of the Mexican treaty of 1848. The public are entitled to know what is going on behind the scenes as well as before the scenes, and especially in all cases involving the disbursement of fifteen or twenty millions of the spoils. The public, in short, look to the New York Heratp for the earliest news, and we must do out duty in giving it. RETRENCHMENT IN THE Post Orrice.—The following circular letter has been addressed to the clerks of our city Post Office:— Posr Orrrce, New York, } x“ Casniee’s Orion, Feb. 14, 1854. { ro Dgar &rr—An order has been made by the Post- master General reducing and limiting the amount to be paid for clerkhire at the New York Post Office. The Postmaster, in consequence thereof, finds it necessary to take off fifty per cent of the addition from every which has been increased by him; and I am, th , directed by him to inform you that your salary, from and after this date, will be at the rate of $8 year. Yours respectfully, N. P. Freewan, Cashier. This is retrenchment with a vengeance. What this fifty per cent abatement amounts to we are not informed; but it is unquestionably a hard operation with the poor clerks at this crisis, with flour from ten to twelve dollars a barrel, beef from sixteen to eighteen cents a pound, and house rents positively ruinous to poor people, and flour, beef. and house rents still rising. What is the object of the Postmaster General- in thus saving at the spigot while the Washing- ton spoilsmen are opening the bunghole of the Treasury, we can’t imagine. One would think that, with thirty millions surplus in Guthrie’s hands, our Post Office clerks might be spared, at least until France and England receive an answer from the Czar to their last note. A bill is before Congress now to raise the salaries of the clerks in the Executive Department, to snit the times; and this edict from Mr. Campbell must have been issued in ignorance of the fact. Resignations and ejectments from our Post Office, at all events, are the order of the day. Verily, this is a nige gdministration. ‘The News by the Africa—Another Great Vic- tory by the Turks—The General Congress, The fall complement of the Africa’s mails— which, owing to the detention of that vessel at Sandy Hook by the fog, did not reach us until late yesterday afternoon, brings us the rumor of | another great battle, fought at Kalefat, between the Russians and Turks, in which the latter are said to have been victorious. It is also stated that they had retaken the two islands on the Low- er Danube which they had previously lost. Tae most important fact gleaned from our files is a statement contained in the lastnumber of the London Times: that the range of negotiations had been very much contracted, as it was im- possible for the four Powers to entertain fresh proposals from St. Petersburg which would in- volve the necessity of another reference to Con- stantinople, an further delay of six weeks, which would bring the decision of the question of peace or war to’ the middle of March, and thus enable the Czar to gain the time necessary to accumulate an enormous: force on the points where hostilities were likely to commence. In the project for a general congress of the European Powers, the details of which we yes- terday laid before our readers, there is one feature which distinguishes it from all previous conferences of a similar character, and which promises to give permanent effect to its objects. We allude to the principle of non-in- tervention, which it recognizes as the only true basis upon which the political relations of the different governments can in fuiure be main- pained on an amicable and satisfactory footing. In enunciating and embodying in his project this principle, Lord Palmerston is only seeking to carry into practical effect the enlightened views which directed the foreign policy ot England at the Congress of Verona, for it will be remem- bered that, when at that conference it was de- termined that French troops should be sent to Spain to restore to Ferdinand VII. his liberty of action, or, in other words, to put down con- stitutional principles, the Duke of Wellington protested energetically, on the part of his gov- ernment, against any interference with the internal affairs of that country. Although at the Congress of Vienna Lord Castlereagh was unable, in the conflict of selfish interests which distracted the deliberations, and, in some de- gree, neutralized the objects of that convention of the European Powers, to give full effect to the philanthropic views by which he was actua- ted, still some advance was made towards it in the determined stand which he made in favor of the long lost nationality of Poland. Had he been enabled to obtain a more general recognition of the principles which preserved to that country its distinct nationality, iostitu- “tions and religion, many of the evils that have since deluged Europe with blood would have been averted, and it would not now perhaps be necessary to resort to some more compre- hensive and effective arrangement in order to secure the respective governments in the undis- turbed enjoyment of their rights. With the exception of the stern necessity imposed upoa her by the results of Napoleon’s restless ambi- tion, England has ever since given practical effect to the principle which guided her Euro- peam policy at the periods to which we re- fer. In the revolutions of 1830 and 1818, and again on the occasion of Louis Napoleon’s coup d’état, she was the first to acknowledge thede facto governments of France; and she has steadily continued to resist ali influences cal- culated to disturb or interfere with the internal regulation of their own affairs by other nations. It is to this wise policy that, no doubt, is ow- ng the present cordial feeling that exists be- tween the governments of England and France. The two countries are reaping the benefits of it in the security which it gives them in presence of the dangers that menace the peace of Europe: Notwithstanding all that is said of the ambitious designs of the French Emperor, there is reason to believe that he is fully impressed with the justice of the principle on which it is based, and that he participates in the views of Lord Pal- merston as to the expediency of obtaining its general recognition by the governments of Eu- rope. He cannot be fairly taxed with incon- sistency in this. The creature of the eloctive principle himself, his interests lie in a course of policy which, while it maintains the just rights of the different governments against external ag- gression, at the same time secures to their sub- jects freedom of,choice as to the form of their institutions. For the prineiple of non-interven- tion, as defined and established by Lord Pal- merston’s project, practically amounts to,his: If once ratified by the adhesion of all, or the great majority of the European Powers, we shall not again be compelled to witness the na- tional aspirations of a noble people, like the Hungarians, or the struggles for freedom of conscience of a priest-ridden population like the Italians, crushed by the aid of a foreign force. Neither shall we see the territories of the weak- er Powers wrested from them by force or stratagem by the stronger, as in the case of Turkey. In any compact of the European governments for mutual defence and protection it will be impossible any longer to ignore the existence of the Porte. The territories of that government offer too rich a prize to the cupidi- ty and ambition of its powerful neighbor, and its independence is too essential a condition of the tranquillity of Europe, for it again to be left unrepresented at a Congress which professes to protect all the vulnerable points at which it may be assailed. It will be asked ifit is likely that the Czar will be induced to send a representative to the proposed Congress? The mission of Count Orloff to the allied courts is significamt of the discretion which, it seems, is the better part of his valor. He dare not remain isolated in the presence of such a combination as it would ar- ray against him. If he should, however, be un- fortunate enough to be struck with the insanity which is said to afflict those whom God wishes to destroy, he must abide the consequences of his evil destiny. Cartan Ryxpers Ristno iy Tae Worip.— Various newspapers in the country have had their attention attracted to the magnifieent position of Captain Rynders on the Nebraska question; and they haveat last come to the conclusion that the Captain is anything but small potatoes. One ,of our exchanges says that he has already demolished two political Dromios—John Van Buren, of New York. and Jere, Clemens, of Alabama—the Northern Dromio and the Southern Dromio of the domi- nant free soil branch of the Cabinet. We think, therefore, that Captain Rynders # entitled to promotion. Let his future title, then, be the Chevalier Rynders; for does he not deserve it? We have lost sight of Chevalier Wyckoff en- tirely; but we must have a_Chevalier; and Rynders, having none of the French moore | and ridiculous antecedents of Wyckoff, will make a reliable political Chevalier. Make way in Tammany Hall for Chevalier Rynders! Joba Van Buren is no where! ee A Last Protest from the Peeple, This day one hundred thousand people or thereabouts will decide whether the large debt with which we are now saddled shall be in- creased to thirty-four millions of dollars or not. We say one hundred thousand at a rough guess; it is quite possible that a much smaller number of individnals will exercise the right of suffrage on behalf of the people of New York. The bulk of the community take little or no inter- eat in the question or its result, Wealthy mer ehants and prosperous farmers are quite pre- pared to pay their share of the new debt, and) would rather do so than lose any chance, how- ever slender, of benefitting the internal im- provements of the State. They are told by a party which counts among its members many respectable and influential citizens that the new loan will bring traffic to the city and aid in the developement of the Western States, They have too much business of their own to. inquire into the soundness of the argument or the probable destination of the money. And being themselves indifferent to their aliquot part of the interest on ten millions, they will either vote in favor of the loan, or will abstain from voting altogether. This we have no doubt Will be the course pursued by a large propor- tion of the citizens of this State. There are others certainly who feel that the right of suffrage imposes a duty while it con- fers a privilege. These will deem themselves bound in honor to inquire into the question that Is laid before them, and to vote under- standingly on one side or the other. Their vote will be cast against the amendment, Could we bring ourselves to believe that a majority ot our feliow citizens would pursue this conscientious course, we should have no apprehensions as to the result. The case is so clear to one who really examines the facts and the antecedents of the men who demand the loan, that the blindest can hardly be excused for erring in their judgment. All the articles which have appeared in the journals devoted ta the cause of the amendment, as well as the speeches at yesterday’s meeting contain but one argument: the canals are a great enter- prise, have done much for New York, and there- fore deveryg enlargement and completion. Let us grant all this. We too have sabi as loudly as any of the canal prints, that the canals re- flect undying honor on De Witt Clinton, and have contributed in a very notable measure to * build up the present greatness of the Empire State. We too, agree that everything should be done which can improve their usefulness and enlarge their capacity. But is this any reason why we should take ten millions out of our pockets and thrust them into those of the spe= culators and contractors at Albany? We put it to the gentlemen who attended yesterday's meeting at the Exchange—there were some among the number who have no contracts or expectation of contracts or plunder ig any shape, and who enjoy a large political experience—we put it to them whether, if in their private business they had a large undertaking to complete, an expensive work to perform, they would confide the money for the purpose to the hands of the politicians at Albany? Was there one gray headed man at yesterday’s meeting who is not sick and tired of hearing of the peculations and frauds of the very men who will grasp these ten millions the moment they are voted? It is not poseible that people have so soon forgotten the exposures to which the predecessor of the present scheme—the nine millions loan—gave rise; how politicians, editors, Wall street speculators and contractors banded themselves together like a gang of highwaymen, and would have shared the bulk of the money among them- selves had they not been defeated by the Court of Appeals, Not that the individuals who then acquired so unenviable a notoriety were excep- tional cases, or in anywise worse than their. fellows. Read the report of Mr. Division Engi- neer Jenne, published in another column, and it will be seen at once that fraud and peculation are inseparable from the construction of public works by State authorities. The very names are conclusive against the practice. Lawyers bidding for canal contracts—editors furnishing masonry—we have seen in every instance of canal lettings: does not the thing stink of fraud on the very face of it? It can hardly ba otherwise. Private individuals are cheated daily in undertakings to which they give their whola attention, and feel a direct interest: how could the State escape in matters involving millions, in the honest disposal of which no living indivi- dual is personally interested? It is a fact, thar which none is more undeniably established by experience, that in every outlay of large suma ofmoney by the State authorities, shoals of pro- fessional politicians contrive to defraud the State, and toappropriate to their own use a hea- Vy per centage on the total amount. How they da it, no ome can clearly tell. There they are at Albany—“a grisly band”—linked together by a fellow feeling of incapacity, and love of plun- der. Whether they are themselves State officers, or have connections in that employ— whether they have labored for the elections of others, or have been elected themselyes— whether they are lawyers, editors, brokers, contractors, or merely stump speakers—they are equally eager, equally sure of their prey. It is well for us when one-half the amount escapes their clutches. It is for this reason that we oppose the alte- ration of our wise constitution of 1846, and the grant of ten millions of money to the State authorities. It is because we know, all experi- ence dins in our ears, that half that amount would go to set up Peter and Paul, broken down politicians, and complete the fortunes of * James and John, knavish speculators, who have fed for years on the vitals of the State. Itis because the figures tell us that had these sama men never diminished the tolls on the canals for their own purposes, their ordinary re- venues would ere this have furnished the sunt required for their enlargement and completion: because the State has thus lost four millions and a half during the last six years and ‘is now losing at the rate of about two millione a year, It is because we see as clear as daylight that ifwe would only adhere to the constitution, we could, by re-establishing the old rates of toll, complete the canals in some four years,. without incurring any new debt, or running ang risk of direct taxation. For these reasons, wa protest, in the name of the people, against the amendment which the politicians and specula- tors at Albany are now endeavoring to force into existence as a law. ‘Tie Mopesty or THe Cana, Men.—We have received from Mr. Israel T. Hatch a letter. which will be found elsewhere, coolly request- # ing us to publish a speech of his in favor of the proposed amendment to the constitution, and offering us oxe hundred dollars for its insertion, We decline the proposal, We inflict this day