The New York Herald Newspaper, January 30, 1854, Page 5

NEW YORK HERALD. AMES GORDON SENET? PROPRIETOR AND EDITOR, « ‘Wrricd fH. ¥. ConNaR OF TAP ach tn fs ty jie Tm nuh y HeRALS" wary Stele "at iis oome a Exty Great retin wna Ss te amy part of he eee to *sciude postage BOB PRINTING szecuted with neatnen, cheayners, and Berpetes. AND MARBAU #28. —Uneie Tom's Gaurs. rostway—Hore ov Tur Fa- ors BOW SX THEATRE, BROADWAY THEA WILY -ATAKAOT OF © ere cent Oun Busr Bo- rON's THEATRE —~ ‘APry- Prnet Niomy. emry How TO MAKy HOWE ACIONaL HEAT Obst\ham street—Afvernoen — vie Kary. Byexing~ Unoum Tom's Canim. WALLA. K's THEATRE broadway -Lovz Cnase—How ‘ve wAxx Hows Harvey Wwo Sreaxs Finer? —atetoe AMERIQAM MUSEUZ—Afwrnoce—Tom Twums- Coon asa CvcuMwER. \vering- 400" Hassax—Tom Taoun— ny Prekomenom. pmmoaDway MENAGEAUE-Stamxen Twore ane Wino —— Pa at AMBAICAN OP4KA MOUBA, 472 brene ‘Yer Rtaroriay Mevocies sy UMRisTy’s MivsTR ars. MA BS Wood's Minewel Sail, ded Broad PIAN MINSTRALSY. BUCKLEY'S G@PRRA HOUSE, €) Srosdway~sven- Sarr's Srmorian Orena Taoure. BENVARD’S OEORAMA, 06 Brondwey—Pavonama oF in ory Lane. WAGENISH GALLSRY, 063 Dem way Day end Bre: AIGNOR BLITZ—orevvacenr Lxetrrere, 6o9 Broad ACADEMY MALL. 648 Broadway Penram’s Gurr Ex- aeons OF Tu oeVEN Vinh MIRROR. An Géditional graphic account of the’ terrible dis ater at Ravenswood, Long Ielend, on Saturday last, fe given in to-day’s paper. “This fearful tragedy ‘whould teach some salutary lessons iu regard to the wse of powder in large quantities iu the midst of Aabitations. Although several were suddealy hurried YWo'the grave by this catastrophe, yet it is fortunate ‘Meat it was not greater than it is, comsidering the i@istance to which the sluge were thrown by the force .ef the explosion. Full details of the extensive fires which took place ‘on Saturday night and yesterday morning are given @ another pege. It will be seen that the actual ‘@mount of loss, when computed by dellars and cents, “was not so gieatas mizht have been anticipated; ‘wat when we take into consideration the great suf- Skerivg of the numerous poor families who were thas w@uddenly deprived of domicils, and large portion, if mot all, their worldly goods, the serious conse- quences of the calamities are beyond all estimate’ By telegraph we learn that a large blovk of oew buildings, valued at thirty thousand dollars, was also destroyed by fire at Worcester yesterday morn- dog. The houses were occupied »by various stores, ffices, &c., whose owners probably lost only about fifteen thousand dollars, most of ‘their property hav- img been removed in time to prevent general destruc- tion. The steamship Ohio arrived yesterday with late end important news from Australia, Central and ‘Beuth America, the Darien Surveying Expedition, the Lower California filibusters, &c., comprehensive ‘@etails of al! which are contained in this number of our paper. Decidedly the most striking feature of the intelli- gence from Australia, and one that may lead to very ipportant results, is the announcement that a French Admiral, stationed in the Pacific, has formally taken possession of the island of New Caledonia, in the mame of Napoleon IlI.—thus unexpectedly nipping im the bud the schemes of the English for converting this island into a new convict settlement. The first fmtimation given t> the Austraiians of this extra ordinary proceeding, was by the arrival of a vessel obartered by the French commander to obtain sup- Plies for Louis Napoleon’s new naval station. New Caledonia is among the islands discovered and mamed by Capt. Cook, and although considered as legitimately belonging to Great Britaia, the natives have hitherto been permitted to retain quiet possession of it; they being only oc- casionally visited by English vessels, the owners of some of which had, we believe, a few trading posts among them. It is described as one of the richest and most fertile of the Polynesian group, and being the nearest country to the Australian coast is of course of great importance as a commercial depot in that portion of the globe. The inhabitants of Aus- tealia.were in the greatest state of excitement on the subject, at last accounts. The rumors of revolutions in Bolivia and Peru are eonfirmed. In the former country the administra- tion of General Belzu has been deposed, and the re- Yolutionists have taken the management of na- tional affairs into their own bands. In Peru the in- surgents accuse General Echenique of inexcusable procrastination in the settlement of the difficulties with Bolivia, and declare their determination to compel him to abdicate. They are believed to be in possession of about balf a million of dollars, which will most likely enable them to carry their inten- tions into operation. On the other hand, we have a pronunciamento from Gen. Soane, which avers that Behenique’s policy was becoming more popular every day. By way of New Granada we have received ac- counts of the progress of the Darien surveying ex- pedition, together with the startling announcement that a portion of the party belonging to the English ship Virago have been massacred by the Indians. ‘We have also many other items relating to naval matters, affairs in Central America, &c., all of much imsterest to the people of this country. But that portion of the Ohio’s news which will, in all psobability, command the greatest attention ia ‘Stepan of the world, is with regard tothe move: maants of the filibusters in Lower California. Coloue!, ev suttier President, Walker had been relieved from ‘bis embarrassing position at Encinado. Having at Inst advices been strongly reinforced, he was carrying all before him. The intelligence of the Gadsden ftreaty had, however, already reached Acapulco, and it was therefore supposed that Walker's new republic ‘would soon be numbered among the things that have been. ‘The description and details of the awful ravages o tthe yellow fever a! Hamilton, as furnished by our Bermuda correspondent, will be read with melan- choly Interest. It appears that over six huadred sol- @iers and civilians died ot the fatal epidemic at that place, during the season. At last dates the health of Hamilt»n was very good, but the continued warm weather caused apprehensions of a renewal of the work of the dreadfnl scourge at no distant period. The discussion of the Nebraska Territorial bill, which prop2es to annul the Missouri Compromise act restricting the extension of slavery in the domain acquired from the French, will commence in the United States Senate to-day, the question having been made the special order from this time forth till finally dispored of. The extraordinary excitement prevailing on the subject in all parts of the oountry— our own as well as one or two other Northern State having taken preliminary steps against the main featare of the bill as last amended by the committee, of which Judge Douglas is chairman— canses the reporta of the coming debate to be looked for with unusual anxiety. It being genernily admitted that the perpetnity of the Union and the preservation of the constitation are, in a great measure, dependent on the fale of this bill, tue abief men of al! parties are natarally taking ground and preparing for the etraggle. The oppucents of the new bill are to hold a mass meeting at the Ta pupacie tonight, wich demogstration will alud some idea as to their probable strength in this eity, and at the same time will give publicity to their plan of futare operations. Among those who have al- ready defined their position is Capt. Rynders, one of the chief leaders of the Tammany Hall party, whose straight-forward letter on the side of the Union we publish in another column, and upon which, together with the principles involved in the issue, we have commented in a leading editorial. The severity of the cold weather was experienced more keenly in this region of country on Saturday aud Sunday than at any other period during the present season. The ice formed in such immense cakes in both the North and East rivers that it was with the utmost difficulty that even the ferry boats could force thelr way from one chore to the other. Indeed, several of these boats were so badly crip- pled that they were compelled to lay by for repairs. Various sailing vessels have been greatly damaged by the ice—among them the clipper bark Grapeshot, which was loaded and ready to leave for Australia, had ber bows stove in and wasaunk At Boston, yes terday morning, the thermometer noted four de- grees below zero, and so remained, with but little variation, till the close of our despatch tast evening. The mercury was ten degrees below zero at Wor- cester; aud asevidence of the intense coldness in this city, it is ovly necessary to remerk that the gas meter Jocated in a warm’ place in our office, froze up for the first time last wight, thereby delaying the printing of eur paper beyond the proper hour this morning. Our Erie correspondent to-day furnishes graphic descriptions of the ourious scenes and incidents every day transpiring in that vicinity. Instead of allaying the excitement, the discharge from custody of the men conveyed before the United States Judge at Pittsburg, seems’to have imparted fresh vigor to the rioters; and this circumstance, together with the tacit*and open encouragement they receive from the Legislature, and the city of Philadelphia and other parts of Pennsyivania, urdoubtedly leads many of them to believe they are really justified in their unlawfal outrages against the railroad company. The triumphant reception given to their com- patriots on the return of the latter from Pittsburg ‘last Fridey, the attempted demolition of a bridge auring tho ceremony; and the waming they gave to Messre. Tracy andé Walker, railroad directors, to leave the city, clearly establish the fact that the old spisit of discord is still rankling in their breasts, and that the general government may yet find it abso- lutely necessary to protect the United States Mar- shal in the performance of his duty, by force of arms, ‘The movements of the Order of ‘‘Know-Nothings” baving of late attracted considerable attention in this community; we elsewhere publish, for the'edifi- cation of our readers, the constitution of the secret organization, as extracted from the Freeman's Journal. The last European news has had the effect of somewhat reducing the price of breadstuffs in this and other markets,as will be seen by the reports elsewhere. The rather more peaceful aspect of af fairs with regard to the Eastern difficulty, owing to the non-recall of the Russian Ministers at Paris and London, though operating unfavorably towards flour speculators, suddenly imparted quite a spirit of buoyancy among stock operators in Wall street. The Asia, being in her sixteenth day, is-now due at this port with three days later advices. Her arrival is looked for with much anxiety, particularly by dealers ‘in breadstaff:, cotton and stocks. The decision of Judge Harris, making the injanc- tion against the Broadway Railroad eompany perpe- tual, is published in extenso in another page. The third anniversary of the Protestant Episcopal Mutual Benefit Society was celebrated in St. Bar- tholomew’s church, last evening, the Right Reverend Provisional Bishop presiding. A report was read, anda sermon preached by the Reverend Samuel Cooke. Want of space obliges us to defer the pub- lication of our report until to-morrow. As usual, we to-day publish a great variety of tele graphic despatches and other interesting matter, to which it is impossible to allude in detail. A glance at the headings of the different articles will generuily eplighten the reader as to the nature of their con- tents. Phe Heopening of the Slavery Agitation at the Cubernacie fo. night. The meeting that is to be held to-night at the Tabernacle will be the first gun fired in the new abti-siavery campaign. Its thunder will be echoed over hill and plain throughout the North, till the ominous sound reverberates from the virgin forest of Wisconsin to the seagirt shores of Maine. More than one among those who .are thus reopening the war were a few years ago members of the committee convened at Castle Garden to avert the very danger they are now courting at the Tabernacle. We hear them utter all sorts of pretexts for the change: but each additional excuse reveals their short- sighted policy in a clearer light. They talk of opposing the extension of slavery but disclaim any hostility to the system. Whatdouble-dyed hypocrisy is here! If slavery be not bad in it- self, as the Courier, Exprese and others as- sert, why on earth prevent the people of Kan- sas from establishing it, if they think it better suited to their climate, condition and wants than free labor? But it would be asking too much of the leading men who have called the meeting of to-night, to expect from them either can- dor. consistency or sound reason on such a subject. They are the mere puppets of others behind the scenes, who pull the strings when their own private ambition prompts. One sin- gle spark of political understanding would show the merchants and other citizens of New York. that the measure they assemble to-night to oppose will really be the means of settling finally the slavery controversy, and excluding it forever hereafter from Cougress. But they know nothing of this, They know the price of cotton, and the value of breadstuffs: can specu- late shrewdly in Niearagua. and dabble know- ingly in Erie; but of the real position of the slavery question, and the practical effect of the Miseouri compromise they are as unconscious as infants. Hence it is that they meet to-night, at other’s bidding, to reopen the war, to protest against any termination of the slavery quarrel, and to prolong an agitation which has already twice shaken the Union to its base. Had thie measure of Senator Douglas’ emanated from the Cabinet, we could under- stand how the citizens of New York felt boand to oppose it. Distrust would naturally attach to any administration measure. But so far from sharing the Pierce taint, it has been forced upon the President, and there is actually ground for fearing that for some private motive, the Cabinet will endeavor to strangle it. It comes from a ‘Northern Senator. It will com- mand a large measure of support from the in- dependent men of every section of the country. Men who rise above the trammels of local or sectional prejudice will see in it an honest at- tempt to repair the fatal mistake of 1821, and to revert to the sound doctrines of the constitu- tion. Western men will perceive that if the principle embodied in the Missouri compromise is suffered to remain uncontradicted, a fature Congrese, controlled by Southern influence, may resolve that slave labor shall be estab- lished in some new territory adjoining Wiscon- sin or Jowa. A combination of inflaences such as that which begat the Missouri compromise might bring about such a result within a very few years. Northern candidates for the Presi- ency, seeking Southern favor, might advocate & violation of the constitution by establishing slavery north of the line 44 degrees, just as other Southern candidates of 1820 violated the constitution by prohibiting slavery north of 36 degrees 30 minutes. As soon as the first burst of passion has passed away, re- turning reason will convince all but fanatics, that the only true safe-guard for either North or Sonth lies in the final establishment of non-intervention ‘by Oongress in the affairs of the States. Preace can only be7secured fon} these conditions. The Misseuri compromise declared unconstit’ :tional and inoperative, and the principle frankly recognized that each and all of the ne w States which may solicit @dmission tq the Union shall exercise the same indepr@éent right of selecting and controlling their @omestic insti- tutions as New York jand Virginia have exer- cised, the anti-slavery agitation would die out at once, and! the demagagues who have lived on it would fall to their wroper level. But this happy condition of things cannot be obtained 80 long asthe, law of 1821 hoids out a prece- dent of successful re@eliion against the con- stitution, Yet_the merchants and ‘dthers who meet to- night at the Tabernacle insist on retaining the Missouri {Cempromise in full force. Do they know whatithey are doing ?, They, who have clamored vo long ‘and so loudly against this slavery agitation, and its baneful effects upon trade and the material prosperity of the coun- ‘try, to stand up to-night and say they will not consent to the settlemeut of the question ! They, who have been deploring the sad consequences of sectional jealousies and strife for ever so mapy years, to.protest against the termination of those, ‘jealousies and the end of that strife! Where ie their common sense? We ask not, where is{their consistency? but where is their regardj for their own interests ?ZCan they be blind to the factTthat they are leaving desk and counting-house in order to perpetuate an agitation which has invariably militated against their own interests? Is it possible that none among the number perceive that they are blind- folded and hoodwinked by ambitious politicians, and ignorant journals. It is} now twenty years since a youthful, modest, but aspiring lawyer ot Auburn, avail- ing himself of a temporary excitement against Masonry, aroused by the mysterious disappear- ance of a man in the neighborhood, was elected to the New York Senate by the strength of local prejudice. From the tloor of the Senate he looked forward to his fature destiny, and firmly confiding in the principles which had given him his first start in life, believing that ignorance and, passion were the only stimulants or motives which combine the masses and ele- vate politicians to power, he built schemes of future advancement, all based on fomenting the agitation of local, tanatical, and sectional prejudices. From that day forward, the modest but.ambitious young lawyer of Auburn never failed to seize every temporary local excite- ment, and to place himself at the head of it. Thus he rode the billow which headed the tide of anti-rentism, and was thrown further forward by the first surge of anti-slavery. From that day to the present, he has led off every agita- tion which has convulsed this country. During the controversy which began in 1847 he was a ruinous spirit of evil. urging on fanati¢ism and ignorance to the most perilous extremes. Foiled on that occasion by the ripe wisdom of our Northern statesmen, and baffled in his attempt to violate the constitution afresh, William H Seward’s career was well nigh closed. It had been ended, indeed, perhaps, had the compro- mise of 1850 been final, and had it left nothing to be done in order that the spirit of the constitu- tion should be reaffirmed. Unfortunately, though it was itself sound, it did not go far enough: the mistake of 1821 remained still to be repaired. And bere William H. Seward awaited fortune. ‘The moment it was proposed to complete the task which 1850 had begun, forever to banish the ques- tion of slavery from Congress and to consign its agitation to eternal rest. William H. Seward took the field anew, and began once more to stir up the embers of discord and strife. The meeting of to-night is his work. The journals which have provoked it are his organs. The speakers who will be heard are his tools. The audience that will applaud will be main!y composed of men who are actually sacrificing their own material interests, and stultifying themselves in order to strengthen his chances as @ future candidate for the United States Sen- ate or even the Presidency. The Scoret History of the Gadsden Treaty —Invresting Inside Revelations. When the Mexicans desire to illuminate a sub- ject they employ the term “ ventilas.” which means “to ventilate.” This we propose to do with the Gadsden treaty, because we think it needs it. First of all, it is necessary to string togeth- er a few facts. Our assumption is that it had its origin in the fertile imagination of Jefferson Davis. It is well known that through his in- fluence General Gadsden was appointed Minister to Mexico; that ever since the first Memphis Convention it was a favorite scheme of that venerable Sonth Carolinian to connect Charles- ton by an air-line railroad witti the port of San- ta Diego, on the Pacific. For this purpose we find bim sending a fortunate relative on a journey of exploration, more than eighteen, months ago, through the country he has recently acquired from Mexico. It is not a little singu- Jar that this gentleman subsequently received the appointment of Secretary of Legation to @eneral Gadsden. Independently of the commercial and politica advantages that were to accrue to the South from the developement ot this policy, there were private considerations sufficiently powerful in the future aspirations of Mr. Davis to have made the appointment of General Gadsden a matter of paramount necessity. Passing over the existence of certain extensive landed pro- perty laying.near the boundaries of Lousiana and Texas which General Davis inherited, and which were to be quadrupled in value by their contiguity to the great Pacific road. we come to the necessity of killing Col. Benton, whose political antecedents, and whose early associa- tions with the name, and fame, and history of Jackson, rendered him, not only a dangerous enemy, but a powerful obstacle, to the Presi- dential aspirations of Jefferson Davis. To ac- complish this the gallant South Carolinian was a most desirable auxiliary. His intimate asso- ciation in the military exploits of General Jackson, his long and unbroken enjoyment of the old man’s friendsbip, his participation in his likes and bis dislikes, gave him opportanities of knowing circumstances catculated to in- finence or check the intrigues of so skilful man as Col. Benton. We find the first manifestation of antagonism te Col. Benton’s darli» vroject-~tbe Central Pacific Re‘sjroad—in the indefinite foreshadow- ings ot ’.he administration’s policy by Mr. Davis on thr, celebrated tour to the Orystal Palace. AW’tle while later, and when Gen. Gadaden W? 8 fairly on bis way to Mexico, we finda more f all and comprehensive developement of the programme in what purported to be the Mexi- can Minister’s instructions. In order that our readers may understand how far the original scheme of General Davis is susceptible of a comparison with the practical results of General Gadsden’s mission, we quote from the New York Freeman’s Journal ot August 14 the following singular paragraph:— Gen. Gadsden is instructed to ask for and insist on the ent, by Mexico to the United States of a free right of way fora railroad along the thirty-second parallel of latitude. The United States, in return, gree to relinquish all claims to Tehuantepec, to give Texico @ certain sum as indemnit for Indian depre- dations, and to share with M the advantages aud use of the road. This arran, it, it is hoped, will practically annul the eleven‘h article of the Guad- alupe Hidalgo treaty, rendering the kee; line ot military posts along the Mexican longer necessary. A coincident fact accompanying this pub- lication was the departure of certain agents of the New Orleans, Opelousas, and Great Western Railroad Company—whosee chief engi- neer was a nephew of General Gadseden—for England, where it was expected that this exclu- sive piece of intelligence would influence the sale of their bonds. The plausibility of this gigantic echeme, its relation to the apparently Inadvertent avowals of Mr. Davis on the Presi- dential tour, gave a weight to the statement that crowned the shallow expectations of the agents with complete success. This publication served another purpose, by feeling the pulse of the country, and by stimulating the South to unite in behalf of a Pacific railroad that would lie wholly within its jurisdiction, and which, from its extreme Southern location. appealed entirely to sectional feeling and interests. It answered, likewise, from its extensive republica- tion here and elsewhere, to prepare the Mexican people for the remote hope of recuperating their exhausted finances. Unfortunately, however, for the immediate success of General Gadsden’s mission, or indeed of any negotiation with Mexico conceding tous an expansion of our territorial limits, there was the famous Garay grant. It is true that, al- though the public interest seemed tobe divided between it and the pretentions of Mr. Sloo, the government of the United States, from the acts ofthe previous administration, stood committed to a recognition of the American claimants un- der Garay. It was hardly reasonable to sup- pose that while our government occupied that position. and while Mexico had already given such immense privileges as those embraced in the Garay grant, that another concession of even greater magnitude could be obtained from her. It became absolutely necessary, there- fore, to “crush out” this powerfal rival. The simpleet way of effecting this was to espouse the cause of Mr. Sloo. who had already, by dint of extravagant contin- gents, secured the aid and comfort of the Washington Union. It will be remembered that Mr. Sloo’s grant contained neither terri tory nor apy privileges of colonization; aud even the right of way was so trammelled by restrictions that it scarcely left room to hope for its ultimate construction. The burden of these complicated responsibilities became <o great that it was necessary to obtain another pair of shoulders to bear it. It is well known that Mr Sloo’s contract bad but a few months longer to run, and that he had already failed in more than one instance tosucceed in forming ® company, the principal obstacle being the Garay grant and the quasi endorsement it had already received. Indeed, the only hope that seemed to offer itself was the distant one of ef- ecting.a sale to English capitalists ; but before his could be done it was important, nay, es- sential, to have a legal opinion from an official source upon the relative merits of the rival grants. It is said, though with what accuracy we shall not vouch for, that the Hon. Caleb Cushing, in his capacity as Attorney-General. undertook to give an ex parte decision, upon the merits and faith of which a sale of the Sioo grant was effected in England. A further difficulty in the way of negotiating a treaty with Mexico that would hold water was the slippery tenure by which Santa Auna then held his power. Until, therefore, he had stified all opposition, and become securely seat- ed as supreme ruler of that unhappy country, it was useless to attempt any negotiation. But General Gadsden, in his anxiety for diplomatic distinction, had already commenced a rather violent discussion abont the Mesilla; and such was the haughty tone of his despatches to Mr. Bonilla, the Minister of Relations, that Santa Apna, unwilling to participate in a quarrel that seemed to peril his hopes, and unable to recon- cile the wide and growing differences that al- ready existed between the two diplomats, un- dertook to communicate to this, government, on bis own responsibility, in an unofficial manner, through the Mexican Minister at Washington, his entire willingness to make-s*treaty which would give. to the United ‘States the trontier it might require, @nd:at the’same'time settle all the-vexed and complicated questions that threatened the harmony of the sister republics. The-only requirement that Saota Anna needed was money. This brings us down to the middle of Octo- ber last, when for the first time the dream and the tactics ot the gallant chief of the war office began to assume the shape of a tangible reality. But to break to the Pre- sident of the United States this delicate information, and to urge upon him the press- ing necessities of his master, without ex- citing the cupidity of the American Cabinet, was no easy task for General Almonte to perform. The preliminary steps to a declaration of the empire had already been taken—a large aug- mentation of the army had been promulgated; and the want of money to meet the urgent de- mands of the famishing nation, were considera- tions that admitted of no delay. How this was to be done without committing a breach of dip- lomatic propriety was a poser. Gen. Almonte knew, however, that the President had investi- gated the Garay claim, and was favorably in- clined to admit its validity. This, fortunately, furnished both the means and the person to operate through; and of course no time was lost in apprising Gen. Pierce of the state of affairs, But it was expressly stipulated that the Te- nuantepec right of way should be admitted into the new convention. Who was to go to Mexico as special agent in thie delicate business ?—and what were to be the instructions ’—were questions that agi- tated the President and two members of his Cabinet for a couple of days. The news was really so refreshing that they could not bear to tell the other Cabinet members—at least Mr. Davis thought so; because so long as the dis- cussion was confined to Mr. Marcy and the Pre- ig up & no sident be well ‘knew that he could bully them both. Faitsful to the compact of the “ spoils” therefore, General Pierce was to have the se- lection of the man, Mr. Marcy was to have the honor of the negotiation, and Mr. Davis the drawing up of the instructione—thus taking to himeelf the oyster and giving his simple mind- ed coadjutors each a shell. Such # golden op- portunity for territorial expansion must not be lost, and with no “ pent-up Utica to contract his powere,’”’ we find the man in the war office going in for as much of the ‘ boundless conti- nent” as possible, including those battle grounds of Monterey and Buena Vista, rendered historical by the immortality of his own mili- tary deeds. To the far-seeing eye of General Jefferson Davis there was no practical objection to a slice of Chihuahua and Sonora, nor, in- deed, any evils to result from the purchase of the embryo republic of Lower Calitornia. The nutshell in which ley the solution of this pro- blem of “manifest destiny” was the iron chest, whose keys are kept in the breeches pocket of Jimmy Guthrie. The first proposition embraced the following boundaries :—Beginniag at the bar of the San- tander river, on the Gulf of Mexico, it ran ina northwestwardly direction until it struck the eastern shores of the Laguna de Parras—thence nearly due north along the shores of Lake Cayman—thence north-northwestwardly to an initial point on the Rio Grande just below the Presidio of San Elizario. From this the line ran alittle to the southwest, through the parallel of the town of Altar, in the State of Sonora, to its intersection with the waters of the Gulf of California, and embracing the whole of that peninsula, In this concession the United States were to pay Mexico $50,000,000 in yearly instalments of $10,000,000, with interest at six per cent, The second proposition was all the territory lying north of a line drawn from the Presidio of San\Elizario due west to the Pacific. For this General Gadsden was authorized to give $22,000,000. The third proposition was an extension of the line from E] Pago to the Gulf of California, in- cluding a port at the head ofthat sea. For this $15,000,000 was offered, including in this, as well as the preceding propositions, a settlement of all private claims and an abroga- tion of the eleventh article of the Guadalupe Hidalgo treaty—provided the same should not embarass the negotiation. The fourth proposal was an extension of the southern line of the Mesilla boundary to the mouth of the Colorado river, with an inclusion ot the forgoing conditions—the price proposed being $12,000.000. To these considerations every other question of diplomatic controversy was but secondary; and so long as we could add an extent of terri- tory equal in area to both the Canadas it mat- tered nothing for the rights or claims of Ameri- can citizens, or the obligations that the govern- ment had so long neglected to fulfil. It ap- pears, therefore, by the present treaty, that Gen. Gadsden has strucka mean between the second, third and fourth propositions; but in- stead of securing for the United States a portion of the Gulf of California, which would open to us the commercial advantages of that inland sea, he has chosen a crooked line, so as to embrace cer- tain auriferous regions of Sonora, and to make sure of the wagon route of Lieutenant-Colone! Cooke. Our readers must not forget that at the time Gen. Gadsden had commenced a fierce onslanght | on the Mexican Minister of Foreign Relations; and the courteous terins of “Goth,” and “Van- dal,” and Jesuit,” were freely interchanged be- tween those dignitaries in unmeasurable folios of diplomatic correspondence, the arrival of @ special agent in Mexico with a pocket fall of maps operated to produce a cessation of hostil- ities; but before any negotiations could be com- menced it became necessary to restore the Delligerents to the footing of verbal inter- course. This was no easy matter between a fire-eating South Carolinian and a descendant of the Conquistadores. To add to the difficulties of this reconciliation, the filibustering expedi- tion of Walker landed in Lower California, and effectually strangled the hope of acquiring that desirable peninsula under any circumstanees. The prospect of getting “a judgment” in the Garay claim had drawn around the National Palace in Mexico a powerful party, whose ener- gies were stimulated by long-deferred hopes, and who, from certain peculiar circumstances, were best calculated to aid in restoring General .Gadeden an Senor Bonilla to relations of amity and friendship. Few men, however, give their services for nothing, and the Garay claimants were not of that class. Nothing short of a pledge to insist upon a specifie performance of their grant, or an ample indemnity for their long incarceration in purgatory, would satisfy their demands. With this understanding, therefore: the budget was opened to the wondering gaz< of Santa Anna’s Cabinet. A few words more and we have done with “this strange eventful history.” For s week things went on swimmingly, and high hopes were cherished that all parties would be satis- fied; but, alas! for the uncertainty of human calculations, an hour before the treaty was signed the clause covering the Garay grant was stricken out and its advocates left to whistle for their elaim. Such a diplomatic tri- umph, after all the hard words that had passed between General Gadsden and Senor Bonilla, was wonderful ; they embraced each other in a paroxysm of mutual joy. The next morning, long before the sun had risen, the triumphant South Carolinian was en route for Vera Croz. The whole journey was one of smiles and self-complacency, disturbed only by an hourly inquiry for the safety of the trunk that contained his treaty. At New Orleans we leave him uttering these memorable words in reply to the inquiries of the custom house officer :—“ Sir, I am General Gededen ; there is nothing in my trunk but my treaty!” A Grave PrestpentiaL Resuxe.—The Boston Post. the favorite organ of Gen. Pierce, (copied also by the Washington Union, the Cabinet or- gan,) accuses us of being a native of Scotland, and that we “have been thrown upon these shores by the overloaded stomach of Europe.” We admit the charges. It isso. But we have many associates in the same crimes. General Pierce himself is a descendant of a native of Ireland or Scotland, who “was thrown on these shores” insome way. All his Cabinet are white men, we believe— not negroes—and are guilty of the same origin and descent. Both Houses of Congress are equally guilty, for no negro has yet been elected to that body, in spite of all the ravings of the abolitionists. Indeed, we believe the twenty millions of American population— save and except the blacks—are guilty of the same origin and deegent, But what a dignified President, and what great organs he must haye, to use such miserable trash in reply to facts, arguments, and logic, showing up the free soi} cbaracter of an administration that went inte power by a fraud! ‘The Nebraska Question- Letter ef Captain of all parties, but especially for the edification of both factions of the re-divided democracy, the emphatic, straightforward, and decisive let- ter of Captain Rynders on the Nebreska ques-, tion. He plants himself boldly on the broad and comprehensive platform of Douglas, the constitution, the administration, and the As the Mormon faith comprehends all that is in the Bible, and, extra, the creed and dy- nasty of Jo Smith, so does the faith of Captain Rynders include, not only the constitution, but the Cabinet and the public plunder. But where is the other great leader of the present régimé of Tammany Hall? Were is Jobn Van Buren? The Captain having spoken, can the Prince longer remain silent? No!—a thousand times, no! He must come ont; he must speak, or he must be turned adrift again with the omnium gatherum of the outside free soil party. It will no longer answer to acqui- esce in the Baltimore platform. That platform, by the new Senate bill, is demolished. It will not avail to fall back upon the Syracuse soft shell resolutions of last Sep- tember, reaffirming the “finality” of the compromise acts of 1850, That “finality” is ended. All the presidential patchwork com- promises on this negro question, from the Mis- souri unconstitutionality down, to the reaffir- mation act of 1850, inclusive, are all swept away by the bill of Mr. Douglas, and we tional principle that it is with the people to determine the issue of slavery or free soil for themselves in all the territories of the United States from this time for evermore. Captain Rynders braces himself fairly and squarely by the side of Judge Douglas. Now we want the other great leader of Tammany Hall to show his hand. Without him the Wig- wam is still in the fog. Moreover, with the Captain and the Prince hand in hand the democracy may be re-united. Past experience proves that a union between these two leaders is always followed by success, Their political history exhibits some striking analogies and some remarkable diserepancies. The Prince has now and then given us political specimen of ground and lofty tumbling eclipsing the loftiest gyrations of the Chinese acrobats. The Captain has not been so remarkable for turning somersets himself as for turning others topsy turvy and heels-over-head—particularly the un- fortunate abolitionists at the Tabernacle and other places. It is also true that, while in the battles of the democracy the Captain has generally led the forlorn hope, the Prince has uniformly superseded him in the business of dispensing the spoils. In 1848 they were both off the track—the Prince among the pie-bald factions of the Buffalo platform, and the Cap- tain among the democratic allies of Gen. Tay- lor, with the whole Empire Club at his back, drums beating and colors flying. The result was the signal defeat of the democratic party. Now, they must stand shoulder to shoulder on the Nebraska bill, and all is well. The party will be reunited on a constitutional basis —the hard shells and the soft shells will be as happy again as Burnum’s Happy Family, and these two great leaders, Cuptain Rynders and John Van Buren, split upon this Missouri line, Tammany Hall, lately re-divided, will be sub- -divided—all hope of a democratic reunion is ended, and Seward and his partisans will hold their present possession of the State for an in- definite period to come. Such a misfortume will, at all events, cast New York entirely out of the democratic estimates for 1856. Thus it will be seen that the- prospects of ‘the suc- cession materially depend upon the position of John Van Buren on this Nebraska question. In fact, we may say he holds the casting vote which will decide whether, in the next Presi- dential election, New York ia to be for Seward and free soil or for Douglas and the consti- tution. We call, therefore, upon John Van Buren to come out and define his position. To delay longer is to be lost. If he cannot open on the Nebraska bill to-night at the Tabernacle the columns of the Hxratp are freely offered for his relief, He has talents, wit, pluck, tact and indust: y, on his side,tand is still you he has rapidly, since 1848, acquired a settled and venerable aspect. Let him, then, part com- pany and cut adrift from the free soil Evening Post and the free soil Albany .Atias, and co. rate with Judge Douglas and Opptein’ ynder’s for the repeal of the Missouri compro- mise, out-and-out, for once and forever. We repeat, that while there is the most brilliant prospect for rallying hard shells and soft shells, spontaneously and harmoniously, agam in Tammany Hall, provided that Captain Rynders and John Van Buren stick together, to the principles laid down in the Captain’s letter, there is no other prospect than: continu- ous discord and certain defeat to the party in this State. if there ie a split between the Prince and the Captain in this overwhelming question of Nebraska. Things look equally. There are unmistake- able symptoms of a tremendous ‘agitation and a desperate figbt upon this Missouri line—this last vestige of sectional discord upon the sub- ject of slavery. But still we believe that the simple policy of the constitution can and will be finally carried through. There is some rea- son to fear treachery among the spoils eoalition politicians ot the South; but cur most serious doubts are with the administration. The trim- ming of the Cabinet organ upon this Nebraska businese—its trimming upon the Baltimore platform—the free soilers in the Cabinet—the Sree soilers appointed to high honors and emolu- ments under the tree soil auspices of the Cabi- net—the free soil antecedents of the President, and the rampant free soilism of the leading Cabinet organs in this State, justify our de- cided suspicions of treachery on the part of the administration in the progress of this move- mem for the repeal of the Missouri line. But the crisis is upon us. Tammany Hall must speak out yea ormay. One of her present leadere, Captain Rynders, has led off for Doug- Jas and the repeal of the unconstitutional line of 36 30. But the other principal leader, John Van Buren, is called for. Let him speak, shut- ting his eyes against the free soil affiliations of the Cabinet, and its free soil organs here and elsewhere, and Tammany Hall is again right side up. The fate of the New York democracy to a great extent is this day in the hands of John Van Buren. Let him imitate and ema- late the patriotic example of his soft shell col- league, Captain Rynders. fet the Prince come brought face to face with the simple constitu- - Seward will be vanquished forever..-But if q