The New York Herald Newspaper, January 8, 1854, Page 4

NEW YorK HERALD. SAME § COR DO. BeNNETT, Far RIETOR AND El ITs, OFFICH YW, CORNER OF FULTON A NASSAU STS. TERY & cash in cavance, PHE DAWLY HRICALD : conte per sopy—8T yer annemn THB WEEKLY HERALD wery Saterday at 6% Per ™ py oF $8 per annum; the burcpean Edition 1 per ann ce @ any part of Great Brita and 38 te any part of Me OF tinent Both t ude postage - : sat Jor Subserintions, ar wn Aeon, | a or the postage will be deducted from a | solicited from any yuarter of the be ty paid for i eis COMR RSPOMD ERIS UsTTEes AND ¥ RAQURATED TO SRAL Zn of anonyeious communications, We de cuted with neatness, sheapnens, and NO NOTK ‘not return thos JOB PRIN ISENENTS reneved every day. No.7 Volume XIX "AMUSEMENTS TO-MORROW EVENING. THEATRE, overe—Sous Oveny-Mer UUBOWERY Nice burn Quant or BROADWAY THEATRE, Bro »adway~Dommatic Econo Mt) —CATARACT OF THE CA® BURTON'S THEATRE, bers s\rect—Denicarr GRounp Mam wirn tae Mitaiwe Paw—To Paunyre AND GUARDIANS—bLAeK AND Waite THEATRE Chatham streot—Afternoon— Tom's Canim, NAYIONAL Hor Conn EBveving—Uncw | intereste of a large portioa of the country, are deeply invelved. A despatch from Erie states that the riot- ers have been rather disheartened by the arrest of two of their number, who have been sent w Pitts- burg to await the investigation of the United States Court there sitting. Gov. Bigler, it will also be seen has at last been aroused to the propriety of is: ing @ proclamation commanding the rioters to © pey the decrees of the Supreme Court of Pennsylv gnia. The railroad company, it will be seen from 9 des patch from Harrisburg, are willing to com’ promise matters 80 as to allow them to contiaus to sun their fpor; \»trains until the settlement of the dispute by the judicial authorities, nothing of the kind. We elsewhere publich two very int resting tettera written on board the United States frigate Consti- tution, which, besider, giving a full count of the capture of the slave echooner Garabrill, the arrival of which at this port has been already mentioned, contain a mass ef entertaining and instructive infor- mation relative to the exciting state of affairs among the natives on the coast of Africa, It ap- pears that.a wa'c had for a long time raged between the Cavalla river and Barbo tribes, and as both the colonists and f he Cayalla people were anxious for a cessation of ¥ ostilities, Com. Mayo determined upon effecting 8 peace. At first the Barbos indignantly spurned el’. attempts at foreign interference, but the Commedere eventually managed to accomplish his but the outlaws wll listen to WALLACK’S THEATRE, Mew Ta—Gane or Lirn— ay—Oup Time AND Ban's Finst Wo AMERICAN MUSFUM—Afternoon—Tom Tiwme—Poor Pruscovpy. Evening—How Conn —Tom Inums—Loan oF A LOVER BROADWAY MENAGERIB—Siawese Twine any Wino ‘AgTe BOWERY AMPHITEEATRE, 37 Bowory—KeurstRian Penvorwsncne CHRISTY’S AMFRICA way—Ersiorscan Meio: OPERA HOUSE, 472 Brosd- bY CuRISTY’s MNS CRELS. WOOD S MINSTRELS, Wood's Minstrel Hall, 444 Broad- way—Briovian MinsrR BUCKLEY'S OPERA H USE, Law's kTiOPiay UPrRa TROUPE BANVARD'S GEORAMA, sey THe Hony Lant 506 Breadway—Bucx- 16 Broadway.—Panonams RHENISH GALLERY, #3 Broadway—Day and Evening gsany Insvrrure, 659 Broad: BSIGNOR BLITZ— ay. ACADEMY TALL, 663 Broadway.—Paruan’s Grrr Ex WIBITION Gy THE SEVEN Mine Minnen HOPE CHAPEL, 715 B: —Jones’ Panroscore. THE WORLD IN MID White street. RE—Brondway, corner of BRYAN GALLERY OF CHRISTIAN ART—8i3 Broad: wa, Th By telegraph from New Orleans we have a syne pais ef nine days later intelligence from Calfornia, This pews is of a very exciting character, and the details will be looked Yor with great anxiety. Welearn that the Walker filibustering expedition which recently claimed to have revolutionized and republieanized Lower California, proceeded from San Diego on the 34 ult., with the intention of either foraging or seizing the Governor—whic not stated—when they were attacked, beaten, several of their number Killed and the remainder put to flight by the Mexi caus. Being unable to reach their vessel, the Caro- line, which was anchored near by, they took refuge inah at Ensenaba, where they were at last ac- counts closely besieged by several hundred infariatod Mexicans. Two huadred and fifty more fillibusterss, well armed and supplied with an abundance of am- munition, left San Francisco on the 13th ult., in the bark Oneta, with the intention of joining Walker's men; but they were undoubtedly too late, the latter having probably been already completely destroyed: It is said thet the authorities made no opposition to the sailing of the xpedition. One of the most interesting features in the Cali- fornia news is the announcement that the returns trom the mines were favorable, no better evidence of which is wanting than in the statement that the steamers George Law end Star of the West are on their way to this port with over two and a half mil lions of dollars. Sbipwrecks appear to be occurring with frightful rapidity in all parts of the world. The Britieh ship Jenny Lind was lost while going out of Sen Frageisco harbor on the llth ult. Great @ulness consinued to characterize the markets, but we do not observe that there had been any material ebange in prices. ‘The Empire City is etill laying on the beach oppo. site Barnegat, and from present appearances we understand it is likely she will remaia there till she goes to pieces. It is the intention of the company to throw her cargo—consisting of sugar, molasses, and tobacco—overboard, and then to haul her off with steam tugs; but as she lies very deep in the sand, it will be next to impossible to do so. One stormy night would be sufficient to break her up, and even fas she lies at present, working hard in her bed of sand, with the ebb and flow of the tide, ehe must be greatly damaged before she can be got off. Steam pumps have been employed in pumping out the water, which is up to hereagine room. By the last accounts no steam tug had reached her, and she was settling deeper in the sand. The additional information given in another co- Jomn with regard to the disaster to the steamship Ban Francisco, will be read with feelings of the deepest interest, especially by those who had frieuds and relatives among the hundreds who left this city on board of her. We regret to state that the report of the celamity conveyed to Liverpool, N.8., by the Maria Freeman, is now fully confirmed by the brig Napoleon, which fell in with the S. F.on the 25th ult., at which time she was dismantled, her decks swept, and the sen making @ complete breach over her. This was one day before she was seen by the Maria Freeman. The captains of both vessels state that they were so near the steamer as to be able to freely converse with Capt. Watkins, and that he re- quested them to lay by him, which they did until the darkness of night separated them. When last geen the steamer was fast drifting out of the Gulf stream into smocth water, and, if she did not foue- der doring the night of the 26th, had probably expe- rienced the worst of the gale. She was ina the di- rect route of vessels running to and from the South, and if not met by some of them, would most likely mansge to reach the Bahama Islands. A reve nue cutter was despatched from this port in search of ber last Friday, and the steamship Alabama will to-day sail upon the same errand. Foll details concerning the melancholy wreck of the ship Staffordshire have not yet been received. It is, however, reported that Capt. Richardson, who ‘was lost, was confined to his cabin by sickness atthe time the veesel struck; that the large boat, capable of holding one hundred persons, shoved off with only a few seamen m her, and that the smail boat took eff fourteen. One female and five male passen- gers were saved. The remainder of those on board, consisting of about one hundred and forty people, mostly Irieh emigrants, went down with the ill fated The anti-Bedini excitement, whioh led to a bloody rencontre between the police and Germans at Cin einnati, is spreading to all parts of the Western eoun- try, and bids fair to Jead to the most melancho'y re- “gults. The sectarian snimosities of the people of Cincinnati are by no means allayed, as will be seen by thefmesenge of the Mayor, and the proceedings of the Common Council and meeting of the citizens of that place, which we publish in this day’s paper. In addition, we have a despatch from Wheeling, stating that the Nuncio had arrived there, and that fears of an outbreak were enter‘sined. Handbills of an inflammatory character had been posted; but up to last evening no seriows demonstration against the peace of the city bad been made. We continue our history of the progress of the war upon the railroad at Erie, the opinions of the newspa per press thereupon, Xc., all of which will ¢ nd public attention, from the fact thet this is a sect onslaught upon 2 great poblic hi in which the tehte ond pricilecae nf not ante t " Suny, bus Me-sesonly, Orw.cuimg and commerial | oment all temporary considerations and argu: | i on the one side, aud the United States on | object.fbrough the medium of a twelve pounder. The way in which the story with regard to this cu- riows proceeding is told 1s particularly refreshing, ane what is better still, it is believed that the treaty of amity and friendship between the two tribes will be lasting. The democrats of Ohio met in convention at Co- fumbus yesterday, and nominated candidates for Judge of the Supreme Court and for a member of the Board of Public Works, Among the resolutions adopted was one declaring that the Ohio democrats should adopt as their political creed the Baltimore platform of 1852. A despaich from Detroit states that the Great Wes: tern Railroad will be completed and open for travel on the 16th inst. Most of this road runs through what was but a few years ago one dense, dismal, un- inviting wilderness. The report of the City Inspector for the past week exhibits a total of four hundred and eighty-sne deaths, being one less than during the previous seven days. Among the chief diseases, we notice that consnmptien swept off 63 persons; convulsions, 36; croup, ropsy, 27; various fevers, 38; in, flammations,58; marasmus, 17; premature births aod still born, 41; and smallpox, 43. The last-named disease seems to be increasing in virulence, and we understand that there is scarcely a district in the city that is not infected with it. It prevails mostly smong the poorer «lasses of newly arrived emigrants, and occasionally emong eome of our own countrymen, who are either too ignorant, too indolent, or too stubborn to be able to avpreciate the benefits of vac. cination. It should be the duty of atl—of relatives and neighbors, as well as of authorities and physi cians—to see that every child or adult who has been neglected in this important particular, ie attended to without delay. With the exception of this abomin- able pest, and the diseases incident to the sudden aud extreme changes of the weather at this season, our city may be characterized as remarkably healt iy. Besides the mass of highly interesting information eoutained in our volurmnious European correspon j- ence, our inside pages contain abstracts of the re- cent messages of the Governors of Pennsylvania a:.d Ohio; Entertaining Letter from Melbourne relative to the Gold Diggings of Australia; Washington Cor- respondence, embracing the outlines of some curious political movements at the national cepital; Impur- tant Decision in Relation to Emigrant Passeagers; Notices of Wew Books and Music; Commercial, Re- ligious and Theatrical Intelligence, &c. The News from Europe. The most notable event chronicled in yeater- day's European mailis the order given to the 3ritish and French fleets to enter the Black Sea. Everybody knows that this step has long been threatened; that Admiral Dundas was ex- tremely desirous of entering the Black Sea full a fortnight before; and that, as wellfat Constan- tinople as at Paris and London, the useless at- titude of the combined fleet in the Bosphorus has long been a theme of ridicule and censure. It would now seem that the Sinope disaster has roused the laggard energies of the Western Powers. Rumors that decisive orders had been issued to the fleets were prevalent in London a day or two before the mail left, and were con- firmed hy statements bearing a more authorita- tive character from Paris and Vienna. To these we are enabled to add the following extract from a private letter, dated London, Friday, 23d. We will only observe that the information it contains is derived from the very highest source:— You may rely implicitly on the trnth of the intel ligence that orders have been sent to the fleets to enter the Black Sea. { am, moreover, informed that Louis Napoleon is Aetermined to ste, prominently forward, and throw off the shuffling pally he has re. cently appeared to bave been pursuing in concert with the Aberdeen cabinet. There can be little controversy with respect to the details of the instructions despatched to the British and French Admirals. Should the Czar persevere in regarding the entrance of his “Russian lake” asa casus belli, a,declaration of war will immediately ensue, and the course to be pursued by the fleets may be safely left to the good sense of the Admirals. Should he recede from this arrogant assumption, and hold hack his threatened declaration of war, it would seem that the allies are simply directed to pro- tect the Turkish coasts and veasels, and to take such meatures as will effectually preclude a re- petition of such horrible massacres as that at “Sinope. To fulfil these orders without a col- lision with the Russians would require that both the belligerents should use every precaution to avoid each ether: or, in other words, that vengeance should not rouse the Turks er hope of further conquests inspire the Rus sians. A peaceful issue of the invasion of the Black Sea would, moreover, be somewhat irre- concileable with the loudly expressed inten- tions of Admiral Dundas, who. as our readers are aware, was restrained with dificulty from entering the Black Sea in pursuit of the Rus- sian squadron when the news of the baitle of Sinope reached him. Nor would the excited masses at Constantinople, Paris, and London, whom the unavenged slaughter of the Turks at Sinope has roused to phrenzy, feel inclined to spare the Western Admirals if they missedgthe opportunity of redeeming the prestige of the popular cause. At St. Petersburg all is rejoicing over the ‘brilliant exploit” of Admiral Nachimow, in cruelly putting several thousand Turks to death at Sinope. The peculiar atrocity which characterized the massacre is described as faith- ful obedience to the orders of his Majesty the Czar. From the honors showered upon the Rus- sian officers engaged in that affair, and the ample provision made for the dead, it is easy to infer the impression it must have made upon the mind of the Emperor. Those who are fond of speculation may find a fruitful theme in the simultaneous entrance of the Black Sea by the combined fleet and the Imperial triumph at St. Petersburg: the conclusions to which they may come are just as likely to be right as any others. It is well he wworer. that. lay $e for + me’ ¢s based on accident or fortuitous traits of ch aracter, we should steadily bear in miad that, * 4s matters now stand. there is but one Power in Europe which bas anything to gain from a gener- al war. England is clearly interested in the preservation of things as they are : her politi- cal, commercial and financial prospects, would all be deranged and injured by a war. Neither Austria nor Prussia could possibly expect to gain anything by a renewa’ of the scenes of 1815. It is as much as they can do to hold their own at present, and keep heir people ia subjec- tion; a war would threaten both with bank- ruptey, and give the reins to the disaffected among their own population. As matters now stand, the Czar ought surely to be convinced that he cannot make head against the whole of Europe. Whatever advantages might attend his arms in Moldavia or Wallachia, oreven on the other side of the Danube, nothing could save his fleets from destruction or his ports from blockade. What the ultimate result might be no man can tell. The conquest of such an empire as Rus-ia is hardly a posei- bility. But the mere awakening of the hatred of all Europe against the Russian name is an injury which no prudent sovereign would in- flict on his subjects, Nor is Turkey, finally legs dearly interested in the establishment of peace than the Powers we have enumerated, She bas everything to gain by a restoration of matters to their former statas—territory, p> sition, power, and prosperity. War would place in jeopardy, if it did not wholly destroy, all these. Even victory, through the aid ofthe Western Powers. would probably be as expen- sive as defeat. Moslemism at all events, could not hope to survive it. The only remaining. Power of Europe is also the only one which cau possibly feel a desire for war on permanent and abiding causes. France, or rather Napoleon Ill—fir everybody knows that he’ is France—has everything to gain in a war: glory, territory, an extension of his fame abroad and a consolidation of his power and his dynasty at home. A war would ena- ble him to tread in the footsteps of his uncle throughout Germany and Italy; he might carry France across the Rhine, and plant her standards once more on the banks of the Po and the Danube. At the head of the republican party in central Europe, he might attain a pitch of practical influence superior even to that which made his uncle the greatest man of his age, and would, probably, effect as near an approach as he did to the realization of a Huro- pean monarchy. This being, as we take it, uhe true state of the various national interests in Europe, the solu- tion of the pending problem depends on the answer to two simple questions :—Will the European Powers allow themselves to be guided by considerations of a temporary character, by feeling aud popular passion. in opposition to the obvious dictates of their permanent abiding interest? Will Napoleon ILL, who has hitherto led the four Powers, continue to lead them beyond the point where their own judgment would bid them to stop? Tur Post Orrick Apvertisinc.—We under- stand that the applications for the Post Oifice advertising are still under consideration by the Postmaster, and are likely to remain so for some time to come. We do not desire to inter- ere with bis deliberations, but we must say that the special affidavit which he presented to the various journals was entirely unauthorized by law. It was open to objection on many grounds; but mainly on the ground that, in- stead of going to show which journal had the largest circulation, it only pretended to esta” blish the circulation of each in certain streets and squares. Now, this was not and could not be the object of the law. The object of the law was to secure to parties, to whose address letters might be lying in the Post Office, the largest and most extensive opportunities of ascertaining the fact. In New York this ap- plied mainly to immigrants, who constitute nine-tenths of the recipients of Post Office letters in this city. To say that all, or the bulk of these people, reside between any one street in New York and any other is to utter an absurdity which the merest child will at once detect. The only rule by which tho spirit of the law can be met is one by which the Post Office ad- vertisements are given to the journal having the largest number of readers in the city and the neighborhood. To oblige the proprietors of any journal to swear that their paper is circu- lated above one street and below another, when all they know is that it is sold over their coun- who say nothing about their intentions with regard to it, is to invite unsera- pulous men to commit perjury, and to insult the common sense of their honester brethren. The precedent established by the recent contest at Boston is doubtless the safest guide for Mr. Fowler to follow. In that ease, the propricter of the Times awore that so many copies of his paper were sold over his counter, and accord- ingly the Postmaster awarded him the adver- tising, and rejected the claim of bis rivals, who swore that they circulated acertain number of papers within the Post Office limits. An ap- peal was taken to the Postmaster General at Washington, and the decision of the Boston Postmaster was confirmed. We understand that Mr. Fowler will follow the example herein set him. VinpicaTion or THE Erte Rrots.—Goveraor Bigler is not the only man, it seems, who is anxious to astonish the United States by sym- pathy with the Erie riotefs. The Philadelphia Bulletin, in an article which we copied yester- day, styles the brutal vandalism of the Eric mob “determined resistance to New York monopoly,” and characterizes the strictures of the metropolitan press as “intemperate abuse.” For our part, we are at a loss to conceive how any language, however violent, would be un- suited to the disgracefal scencs at Erie. The conspiracy which appears to exist between the rioters and a few of the leading politicians ia Pennsylvania, bids fair to preclude the possibi- lity of = restoration of law, order, and peace, by fair means. Unprincipled officials and an electioneering Governor hold out a fair pros- pect of impunity to the perpetrators of one of the groseest outrages ever committed under the American flag. We not only see a railroad destroyed. and the passengers insulted, and rail- way officers assailed, and the law of Pennsyl- vania impudently violated, but when the voice ofthe whole people cries out against these infa- mies, the Governor of the State throws his mantle over their crimes, and the organs of public opinion undertake their defence. Who talks of “temperate” comments on such events as this The whole Erie question is narrowed down to an issue betwe een the peop pte of Erie, a few f foe the other. The injury inflicted on the travel- ling and trading community, by the interrup- tion of railroad intercourse through Erie, is equally felt by the East and the West, by Illi- nois, Wisconsin, Iowa, Mississippi, and Ohio, as | deeply as by New York, Vermont, New Hamp- shire, Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Maine. The agriculturist, who cannot send his grain to the sea board; the man.of business, who cannot make required journeys without performing an expensive circuit; the immigrant, who cannot find his way to his destined home; the city broker and the western storekeeper, who can-. not reach their respective places of business as they expected. are alk equal sufferers by this last trait of Erie vandalism. Where it is to end the wisest cannot tell. We have seen enough to know that the spirit of narrowminded selfishness which prompts the exaction of a toll on all passengers on certain railroads through New Jersey, is so firmly implanted in the breast of the Erie folks, and their aiders and abettors at Philadelphia, that we must prepare for the worst. If Congress do not interfere, Erie will stand in the way of the progress of the Union. ee Tur Cuter or Potrce—Exective City Or- rices.—We sce that a proposition has been in- troduced into the Assembly to make the ollice of Chief of Police, of this city, an elective one, and providing that that officer shall be chosen every year by the suflrages of the people. Now, we have hed too much of this. There has been so much political demagoguism in the mavagemettt 6 of our city atlairs that the people are overburdened with elections, and our polling places ecem like miniature post oflices. Now we are to bave the Chief or Police elected by the people. Bye-and-bye we shall have Mr. John Smith, who desires to be policemen of his district. running to the people and proclaiming hia qualifications in very large posters, setting forth his domestic affairs in a “‘card” published in all the daily papers. Look at the present state of our local govera- ment. It is alleged, and with truth, we do not get anything for the large amount of money which we pay every year to support the city government. The reason is plain to every sagacious mind. The people desire clean and well lighted streets, They‘elect a person who fills the offive of Commissioner of Streets and Lamps. He has the é¢ntire charge of all matters pertaining to them. He is the head of a department— responsible to nobody, and he cannot be re- moved until his term of office expires. Then, if he can bring fighting influence enough, he may control each election, and be continually elected by the people, and go on con- tinually to abuse them and steal their money. And this is equally true of every depart- ment of the city government. The Alms House and the prisons on Blackwell’s Island are com- mitted to the exclusive care of ten persons, all elected by the people. The police justices are elected by the people ; and it has but too often been said that rowdies and rogues can easily escape their deserts if they can persuade the occupant of the bench that they can control two or three hundred votes. The Commis- sioner of Repairs and Supplies, the Sheriff of the County, the Surrogate, the proseeuting officer of the city, the Corporation Counsel and Comptroller, are all elected by the people, and all exercise their powers under the city charter without any responsibility to any person what- soever. Now this is wrong, as well in logic as in fact. It is ridiculous for the people to put a trust in the hands of any man, and then to take out of his hands all the powers which he, and he alone, should exercise. The Mayor of the city should be its chief exeeutive officer. Every department should be under his personal super- vision. Our form of city government was taken from the Dutch; and as the city charter was first constructed, it could hardly be improved. Since that time, however, it has suffered con- siderably from the amendments which have been made toit; and we find that this machine, once admirable, is now distinguished only as a disconnected series of fragments, which works inharmoniously, if, indeed, it can be said to work at all, We have thus stated what we belicve to be the true cause of all the evils from which the city has been suffering for the past few years. The people will never have clean streets, an efficient police, well lighted thoroughfares, until they shall have made some change in the man- ner of choosing persons to preside over the de- partments to which these matters properly be- long. The plan proposed is this: The Mayor of the city must always be elected by the people. We have generally had very good Mayors, and the incumbents of the office have had the con- fidence of the people. Notwithstanding this fact, we find factitious politicians constantly running up to Albany, and occupying the time of the State Legislature with special legisla- tion fer what they call the good of the city, but which is really only for their individual benefit, and for the furtherance of their own base ends. or those of political hacks of their order. Now, a eity government is altogether a different thing from that of s State. It is necessary that there should be but one head. that head to be clothed with power similar to that of the Reman Centurion, who says to a man “ Do this, and he doeth it.” That person should be the Mayor of the city; tohim should be given the power of appointing the Street Commissioner, the Chief of Police, the Go- vernors of the Alms H ouse, the Commissioner of Repairs and Supplies, the Comptroller, and all other component parts of the great govern- mental machine, the direction of which the people have placed in hie hands. The subordi- nates of the offiess above named should be nominated by the chiefs of departments, and by them sent to the Mayor for confirmation. The chiefs should be appoiated by the Mayor, subject to the confirmation of the Board ef Aldermen, and they should hold their offices subject to removal in case of negligence or malfeasance in office. We think that the adoption of this plan would be equivalent to the finding of the “philoso- pher’s stone,” which would banish the evils under which we all groan. The Mayor, with all the ribbons in his hands, would be able to guide the coach of progress through shining ‘avenues to the station of public satisfaction. The expense attendant upon our city govern- ment is a secondary matter—the tax payers are willing to fill up the city coffers to the brim; and never complain, provided they receive any” thing for the outlay. All the city governments managed on the plan which is given above, have been successful, and their citizens enjoy all civic luxuries at a less price than that which we pay for nothing at all—langh at the stupidity of the New Yorkers who wade ye oceans c ot dust—who are knooked dove on the onan} ealation of the Catholic rom may be ce | we we are not sure of the streets—who ask for justice unceasingly and get it occasionally, and who are in effect the automatoms in a great political show, subject to a series of strings pulled by those who rob them. This is the plain state of the case, with the remedy annexed. The citizens of New York have the power to remedy the growing abuse. It remains to be seen whether or not they will use it, | The Foreign Fr Press of the United States. | The two prineipal seetions of the foreign press in the United States are the Irish Cathe- lic and the German: both for the most part op- | posed to each other, and both exerting, ina great- | er or leas degree, a great influence in the country. A very large proportion of | the German press is socialist, and opposed to | all law, order and religion, recognizing only | the higher law of reason. Witness the last riot in Cincinnati. The Catholic press is im the other extreme, and inculcates implicit obedience to the Church, recognizing that au- thority as its higher law. The German papers are every day increasing in number and power. With the increasing im- migration of the German population and from the inability of that race to speak the English ler guage, and their tendency to keep together, ikere is very little likelihood of achange. The following is a list of the German newspapers, with their weekly circulation, taken from the censua and other sources :-— List OF GERMAN Pargas, New York Staats Zoicuug, daily, weenly audSaniay.28,00) x oo. do, .86,000 New York cer Brobaker P.ttebarg Sisats Avitun) Pitieburg er Freinelis Frew « 800 Lehigh Unabnoengiger Republ.kaner 1,500 Friedenshoibe ... a0 Luzerne Demokrat 1,2°0 Demokrat Vechter Bovern Freund sunbury Deutscher Aue ikaner Fiitadeipbier Demokrat. Do. Die Frie Presse Viide Rosen ein Sontageb!att . Deutsches Illustrates Umberb The Pottsville Leucthume , Do, Seren Orb wiv. i. Do. zenoa Ces Folk 2 The Tioga I istlicke B: 4000 Yerk Gazst'e, ‘ 600 Galrerton Zeiteng : 400 The Wheeling Virgini cha Sta: 500 Milvaohis Taglict or Volks Fruenad. 2,620 Do, — Dwmokrattea ...... ‘508 The Cinoinoat: Wabreets Frew - Do. Der Deutsche Rap —_ Do. Nemoorati-che Wochend! - Do. = — Volkahlatt. — The Cleveland Germania. - The Columbus Der Weabote, - The Ohio Staats Bote 600 The St. Louis Deutsches Tr! 2.900 Do. Woehenliche 2,500 Do. Unfere Beit _ The Herman cht Freund... 300 The Berman Uschenblatt 200 Mersur... 600 erman Corres)o~ 4,000 yermaa Courter . 400 wills Zeitung + 250 ey Wocken sia! 160 cane Vei — Tae Sanbia Orga 800 The Dubuque d Sorwestliche Der okrat — The Fvaurville Suxeizh 600 The Ohio Beotachter . « 1,660 The aggregate weekly circulation of ihe fore- going, without the ten papers whose circulation is not given in the census, is over 200,000, and, making an average allowance for those ten, the circulation of the entire fifty-eight German papers will amount to 300,000 sheets distributed among the children of Faderland every week. But this is far short of the aetual circulation of the daily, weekly, and Sunday German preas. Most of the papers and numbers attached are taken from the census, which we find is very deficient. Besides, the circulation of these jour- nals must have greatly increased during the last three years. The aggregate cannot be short of 400,000 sheets. There is no doubt that this press exerts a potent influence over the German population. The Catholic press of the United States has also become a great power im this country. It has grown up pari passu with the Irish popu- lation for the last twenty years. From a few thousands the Irish Catholics have become near- ly two millions, in a population of twenty-jive millions.” The number of priests, bishops, and archbishops has increased in proportion. The increase has been more rapid during the last four or five years, extending over the period of what has been aptly called the Irish “exodus.” The Catholic journals have increased in the same ratio, both in number and circulation. They are the organs, itis true, not of the people, for the people have no control over them; nor of all the clergy and hierarchy, for we have reason to know that there are many priests and bishops whose sentiments are at variance with the ideas of these journals. But they exerta mighty influence for good or ill over a very large proportion of the Irish population, They are, therefore, deserving of the serious atten- tion of the American people and its indepen- dent press. These journals existed for many years with- out producing much effect; but within the last few years Catholic journalism has been reduced to a system by Archbishop Hughes, and thus reader- ed more effective. His example has been follow- ed by other bishops throughout the country, and such is the understanding and the concert be- tween these journals that they are all found to speak out on the same day on the same subject almost in the same words. This was the case in a very remarkable degree when they so fiercely assailed Thomas Francis Meagher for merely expressing opinions in favor of repub- licanism in Europe, and for renouncing the su- thority of the Catholic Church and its digni- taries in politienl matters. Wherever these journals exist they are regarded as the ecclesi- astical organs of the diocess ia which they are published. Each copies from the organ of every other dioceses whatever does not appear simul- taneously in them all. This organization is, therefore, a formidable and ever active power, controlling, to a great extent, the Catholic population, and moulding it to the will of its spirigual rulers. Let us see what are the names, and what is the circulation, of the principal papers of this school. The following is taken from the last census and other authentic sources, though we have no doubt that some of these journals have greatly increased in eirculation since 1850:— CATALOGUM OF CATHOLIC JOURNALS. Brownscy’s Quarterly Review . Boston Pilot... ...... New York Truth Teller. New York Freeman’s Journal: Baltime:@ Catholic Mirror... i 1110 5e88SESa58 ip Phiiade)phia Catholic Herald Cincinnati Catholic Celagrap! Charleston Catholic, Miscellany The New York a Celt Pittsburg Catbolie .. Toe Weavern Tablet .. The Carnelic Mesrerger The Catholic Cramder.. We cannot ascertain the cfreulation of the last pat but they probably average about and ¢ s each, The ed elt hou unit timated at about 60,000 copies weekly; and as each copy is, read by some ten persons on an average, the aggregate of readers directly influenced by these jonrnals is 600,000 souls. The class of persons most affected by the teachings of the Catholic press is the Irish working population who have reeently arrived upon our shores, and have not had time to be- come Amencanized by our institutions, As for foreign Catholics who have been here for many years, and Catholics who have beer born in the eountry, they generally think and act for themselves, and are controlled only toa limited extent by the epinions of such organs as Brownson’s Review, the Bostow Pilot,and the Freeman's Journal. But in ree cent years the immigration of the Irish Catholic | population te the United States has been very great; and as these people are for the mogt part very ignorant, the effect upon their minds of the politico retigious dootrines inculeated by the Catholic press is equally potent and equally dangerous to the peace of the couatry. The tendeney is to keep them isolated front American citizens, like so many Jews, and to cause them to hate our institutions and despise our laws. = What do these papers and periodicals teach? In the first place, they teach implicit obedience to ecclesiastical rulers, and hold up the au- thority of the Church as paramount ¢o the authority of the State in all matters of edaca- tion, eeclesiastical property, marriages, births, burials, &c..&c. They are the champions of all the monarchies and despotisms of Europe, Great Britain excepted. They maintain that the Anstrian empire is the model of a Christian government, for the imitation of all other na. tions. They never oease assailing the repub- licans of Europe, and they rejoice over every failure of struggling liberty. The whole spirit of their writings is anti-republican, and hostile to democratic institutioas. Who can deny, then, that the Catholic press of the United States ie an element of disaffection and disloyalty, indi- reetly tending to the subversion of the republic. The Catholic religion itself is by no means an in- superable barrier to the adoption of republican principles; on the contrary, many of its most pious votaries, both of the elergy and laity, are enthusiastic republicans. ‘In Switzerland, too, we find that the people of the Catholic Cantons are just as good republicans ag those of the Protestant Cantons, if not better. Certain it is, that in the conflict that took place between them a few years ago, the Catholic Cantons were on the right side— the democratic State rights side—in opposition to federal usurpation and centralization of power. Here, too, Irish Catholics would make excellent republicans if they were not inter- fered with by the pernicious ultra-montane teachings of a large majority of the Catholic journals, whose writers seem to forget that they are living in a country where all denomi- nations of Christians are placed on the same level—where no State religion is recognized, and the Catholic Church is only regarded as & sect. One would think that they were breath- ing the atmosphere of Italy instead of the free air of the model republic of the earth. In this country the Catholic Church has the same rights as any other—no more nor no less. There is no patent for a privileged path to Paradise, or an exclusive key for the gate of heaven. All sects are placed by the constitu- tion and the laws upon the same footisg, and the ministers and priests of eagh have a right to teach and preach their own doctrines with- out molestation from any quarter whatevsr. But they have no right to avail themselves of the glorious freedom they enjoy to propagate the political ideas of Italy or Austria. A por- tion of the Catholic bishops and clergy, and the organs which represent them. have done so; and we have no hesitation, therefore, in denouncing their course as dangerous to our institutions. How far the Catholic ultramontane press and the sentiment it is creating among Ca- tholics may affect the future destinies of this republic is a problem which time alone can solve. How far, on the other hand, the Ger- man. socialist press may mould our insti- tutions in an opposite direction is equally hidden in the womb of futurity. Certainly the late Bedini riot in Cincinnati has beer stimulated by the German socialist press of that city. It isto be hoped that both will neutra- lize each other, and that the good sense of the American people and the moderation of the American press will always prevent any mischief from the effervescence, whenever the acid of the Irish Catholic press and the alkali of the German come into collision. Let us hope for the best, and that even those foreign anti-American elements will ultimately be ab- sorbed, and made homogeneous with the Ameri- can people, by the process of assimilation whick is continually going forward in the great body politic. Toe Mae Law Qvestioy at ALBaANy.— This question seems likely to give birth to some curious complications between the poli- ticians and the temperance men at Albany. Om the one side, the spirit of fanaticism and the exultation springing from anticipated victory have dictated a law which leaves the Maine law far behind in stringency. On the other, we understand that Governor Seymour's con- stitutional scruples are increasing in strength daily; and that. if any constitutional objection can be advanced against the proposed mea- eure, Governor Seymour will avail himself of it to exercise the veto power. Twe circum- stances give peculiar probability to this latter hypothesis. In the first place, Governor Sey- mour is aman whose character stands above suspicion; he is well known to be opposed to in- temperance in any form; and should he veto ® bill for the preservation of temperance no one could reasonably impute to him any other motives than conscientious constitutional seru- — ples. Secomdly, Mr. Seymour belongs to that section of the democratic party which is popu- larly designated as the soft shell faction. Now, the last election in this State gave this party a deathblow. With them Governor Seymour must be regarded as politically defunct, unless he can diseover # means of resuscitation on some new ticket or some new platform. The question, therefore, which will present itself to his mind, when the proposed prohibitory law fs laid before him, will be whether or no policy does not dictate his espousal of the cause of those who, themselves temperate, take excep- tion to the law on high constitutional grounds? There is no doubt that he could readily assume the leadership of such a party by vetoing the bill; and wero he to do so he could rely ona renomination as Governor and an energetic support by a large and influential party. He could readily convert the issue between the Maine law men and their foes into a contest Lebibes constitutional Ling on one side om tue ut Ube did se but that, in despite of the im- a... LL