The New York Herald Newspaper, January 8, 1854, Page 3

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the Chaneellor of the Exch ner in England, has e harshest treatment, and understood upas, ch ambas- sador, has returned to his post; bat not till an amount of disgust had been excited that will be with diffieulty allayed, in consequence of carenton Tegu- “Jations, compelling parties to take shelter in a place like Nisidia, #0 notorious for its known insalubrity that hardships to be endured. that of Mr. James Car- teed his food be- havier—-to land at Messina, and com- mereia] business, on which alone he oame, remained therefore un! Then, there is M. Buggio, for whom the offices of his embassy have been entirely without avail. M. Buggio ia» British Ionian, carry- business in Naples for public conveyances, and it seems, that while from Leghorn, the ‘usual visé was refused him by the Neapolitan consul. His occupation is, therefore, at an end, and the large capital invested in hie business reduced to a mere nominal value. At Rome, where there is a talk of wearing oe French army of occupation, a state of mind is known to exist to which a ig volcano may be fitly compared. The question is, how will the French be forgiven the somewhat singular part ‘they have lately been enacting? It is known, how- ever, that the strictest rej has been exercised throughout Rome, that the feelings of the inhabitants never be outraged, the greatest punctuality all monetary transactions has been observed, and the military has confined iteelf rigidly to its proper @uty of protecting order and tran ity. It is gene- rally believed, therefote, that the soldiers of France will, on the whole, leave no anplearant trace behind them. It must be remembe: that they have al- woys in Italy an admirable foil, in the conduct of the Austrians, whose very name in central, no less im northern Italy, is detested; and as it is impossible that any independent ebullition can ever burst forth without its coming pene in contact with Austria, itis probable that the former good services of Imperial France will be remembered asa set off against her late republican coercion. ‘The name of (earibaldi, whose deeds during the siege of Rome were so famous, is once more become familiar in men’s mouths, as if, while storms are gathering in the horizon, great nomenclatures carried with them some strange c! . The poor, and most ‘unquestionably brave, fellow appears, since he left the gates of the Eternal City, to have led a life of remantic hardship. It seems that after the siege he collected some four or five thousand followers, and attempted to fight his way to the Adriatic, thus hoping, by sea, to reach Venice, where still lingered the last ray of Italian independence. Watched and @ogged by the Austrians, he contrived to make his way to the little republic of San Marino, where many or his followers resigned their azms, the republic en- ing to make terms for them with the Austrians. ferms were made only to be broken. The men were Yendered prisoners, many of them shot, others flogged and cent to Mantua, Garibaldi himself, with about 300 followers, reached the shore, and, by the aid of wome fishing boats, made for Venice. The night be- friended them, but as morning dawned, the wind fell, and two Austrian steamers were seen. Escape was scarcely possible; some of the boats were taken, others wank ; only two reached Remini, in one of which were Garibaldi and his wife, whom flo entreaties @ould induce to leave her husband. The little band siycinns? for better protection, but the fatigue and sickness of Garibaldi’s wife compelled him to ask for water at the door of a peasant’s cottage; his request ‘was grasted, but while he lifted the ht to her ips she expired. Both he and the remnant of his band were then hunted through the torest like wild Deasts, and few survived to tell the tale. Garibaldi himeelf, under innumerable disguises, found his way Sprough the Austrians, and nel arrived at Genoa, the place of his birth; and he is now earning his nce, till other times—and such may not be @istaat—call him into stormier life, as captain of a merchantman trading between China and America. It is said that poor Ugo Bossi, the priest who wepeatedly threw himself without arms among isler after the siege, cap- peeled the skin from off the anthorities igerally | crown of hi tee from the thumb and two forefingers of right hand. That matters of this kind should, after the lapse of five years, eaeeaily Pe revived, and found to be interesting, eannot but be considered as significative indications ef a feeling which, like some under current, may hereatter sensibly affect events to which, for the moment, they may seem to have no relation. If it were no: that France, with an army in the highest state of equipment and discipline, with all civil and military, concentrated in one band, and that hand that of the descendant of him whe died at St. Helena, the exile of Europe; if it were not that France thus stood in the midst of tottering pia oe and tumbling thrones, such things as could have little or_no im; ice. But that she does 20 isa tion she may m: e prevents serious men from keep- ing their e upon it. e I ) »for which such great exertions have been le to resuscitate, is adorned on every yepreeentation with all that beauty and toilettes the most ravissantes can effect. The majesty of France rpetually honors it with its countenance, habitués Frequent i stalls, its boxes, and more elevated seats, alike desiring and determining to be pleased. But, the .truth is undeniable, this once iant focus of attraction halts by the way. Norma does not find ‘the shadow of its own in Mdlle. Parodi, who utters not a note but to make one sigh for Couvellier. Nor ean “Lucia di Lammermoor” be fee he sus- tained by Mme. Frezzolinc. The most liquid higher . Botes that ever issued from the throat of the moat ebarming and finished songstress, cannot compensate for such utter defectiveness in those middle and Jower tones, which are, to a cantatrice, as the base to the pyramid. A very effective debut, however, hae been made by M. Grazian! as a baritone, appa- a fine young man, of considerable Gordan, too, is there, undoubtedly charming, but Janguid. Mario is, of course, always a host; and Alboni, with that wondrous organ—but, somehow, the extreme obesity of this last fact of her fine voice oceasi ly exhibiting symp- toms of wear and tear, scts the world longing to hear the young contralto, Signora Amadel, who has so im reezed the London musical circles with her capa- of rivalling Alboni at her best. So, altogether, ‘tae Italian opera is rather dull. Panis, Dec. 22, 1853. The English and French Alliance—Vacillatiow of Engiand—Lord Palmerston'’s Resignation—Ita Effect in Paris—The Battle of Sinope—Rumors of Battles—Attitude of France—Gen. Pierce's Massage— Fashion, §c., &c. It is not easy to describe the very uneasy state of | feeling which still continues to prevail in regard to | the bona fide character of the English alliance. The slowness, the vacillation, the palpable lack of any. ting like heartiness, exhibited by the English min- try, would bave long since roused the mind of Franee—always sufficiently inflammable—hed the state of the press been such as to give free scope to public opinion. The peculiar organization of the English constitation—never at aay time well under stood on this.side of the channel, and at present s0 @ametrically opposed to that of France—exposes it $0 attacks which alike call in question its resolution, ite directness of purpose, and even its good faith. With ministers in England, always responsible to pressure from without, even when they may be sup- ported by a large working parliamentary majority, Franee feels that she never can be sure that the Policy of to-day will be that of to-morrow; and then anxious to enlighten herself beforehand as to the | Probable character and complexion of this exte- wior pressure, which may 60 speedily change fhe face of interesting events, she is only confounded Dy what she sees and hears. Indeed, even the Eng- | Tish themselves, by the very freedom which is given | to every shade of thought, on matters relating to the general interest, are often utterly at sea in forming | conclusions, until the meeting of Parliament, in the | @peech of one or two popular members, has given them a coe. A speech from some member independ- ent of party, in which crude and undigested opinions have been submitted to the crucible of a clear and lo- ine LT) speak, the scattered wits ef the public, amd gives them a text, so long as the subject remains a matter of interest. The before, what- | r ajority, sooner or-later 3 voiee is thus heard, and Wwse rd, and as I have said the ministry must it fact, and no political combina- | romise. | rsonage, and the | | ness on his | rals of the army, and admirals of the navy, of Abmething this is donbtless in process now by th fighest’s Jiamentary suthorit; 4 ‘ae e par] mi authority - Tends he her been emphatically declared not to be the minister of Russa, or of Austria, but truly the minister of England, and yet, says every Frenchman with .one voice, this man forsakes the cabinet at & moment when, forgetting ancient feuds, France has become her ally, in order to resist to the death the arrogance and assum) of these same Powers. The juence is, that remarks are made which fall ny, on the English ear—such as that the English faith is too convenient—good only for the existing atrangemeat, and liable to be disavowed, by any freah combination—that high peineiaies bre sare meade mleecTens to com- me cy—that, gram juent, res sions of hment, there is something more than tardiness in proving them—that the whole weight of the Eastern question is thrown on France, who, chivalrously oe up for the in- tegrity of Turi » has to hold up the German powers with one » While with rr a en, again, Present dynasty enaaia a without its personal lousies, It re- members that the great minister who has just left the i vegan —_ on . — rong, » dis- missed for prompt recog! o ynast after the events of the 2d of December, 1851. i knows that the British Court has the teaderest rela- tions with ;the House of Orleans, and though pro- bably alive to the fact that “nations have no cou- sins,”’ it seems more than human not to let this fact ep others in the great sum cf misgiving which is felt. ‘There seems little doubt that France heartily de- sires to “ begin the play’ with England by her side; whether, before the curtain falls; she may refuse to accept a quarrel with her ancient antagonist, re- mains to ke shown, but she evidently would rather not take the Turk’s part single handed at the com- mencement. The formal announcement in the Moniteur of Lord Palmerston’s ‘ regretted secession” from the English Cabinet, is accompanied by a further as- surance of the enduring nature of the alliance be- tween the two countries; and there is, certainly, good reason te believe that the combined fleets are now in the Black Sea. The general suppasition here is that the Turks will besiege Sebastopol under the protection of these fleets, as positive war cannot be declared until all negotiation hs ees the “ col- lective note,’ which would probably be submitted tothe Sultan on the 15th of this month, had ceased. The more that is ascertained in regard to the ac- tion at Sinope, the more does this affair take prece- dence of anything in the shape of note, protocol, or conference. That a flotilla, consisting of six frigates, ‘three cor- vettes and two steamers, ri sy tee at anchor in a roadstead, should be borne down upon under the preteetion of a thick fog by eighteen Russtan ships, consisting of three-deckers, two deckers, frigates and steame re, and fired into in a manner more worthy of the Tartars than the imperial flag of Russia, is an event that has produced a sensation here which has excited more lively sympathy in the cause of the Turks than if they had gained a dozem battles, It is certainly asked why, under the circumstances in which they were attacked, did they fnot{desert their shipg, having ron them into the harbor, and 80 save their crews? It must have been evident that they were surprised and overmatched by an overwhelm- force, and, therefore, there would have been no dishonor in taking such a step. The only answer to this is that the Turk thought differentiy; that his blood was up, and it is seen by the manner in which he received the Russian three decker, (so severely crippled.) that he determined his life or freedom should not be cheaply bought. ~But the last account of this affair is from Berlin, and runs thus:— “Tt appears that during his cruise, Vice-Admiral Nachemon had diroovercd the Turkish squadron, but had been prevented from coming near them by heavy weather. When the sea bad moderated, the Russian admiral followed in the direction it had steered, and discovered it in the roadstead of Si . Where it had taken refuge under the land batteries. The action immediately commenced by the Russian admiral lacing his vessel between the batteries and a large ‘urkish frigate, built for the Ottoman government in the United States. It was between this frigate and the Russian Vice-Admiral’s ship that the combat first began, but did not become general till after the destruction of the frigate. The made a vigor- ous re: ce, but at the second broadside of the Rus- sian line-of-battle ship, she blew up, and some of her lighted timbers falling in the town, set fire to several houses. The Russians then directed their fire against the batteries, which were soon silenced. The action had in the meantime commenced between the other sbips, and the fire was very warm. Five Turkish vessels blew up after a vigorous re sistance, aud the others sunk. The Turks would not strike their flag, and they were completely destroyed by the jians. Admiral Oaman Pacha was found on board the frigate, with his leg shattered, and there was scarcely time to remove him and convey him on beard one of the Russian vessels before she went down. After the combat the Russian squadron remained three days at Sinope. The town had been abandoned by the Turks, and the Russians only found it oocapied by Greeks and Armenians. A Lelegrap! jic_despat :!, also dated Vienna, 20th, states :—‘The Empercr has left for Munich, via Dresden. A Russian |, \letin, bearing date of St. Petersburg, 15th, confirius the telegraphic despatch announcing that Prinee Beboutoff had completely beaten the Turks at Ughasti, and taken from them twenty-four pieces of artillery, as well as a large juantity of warlike stores, Abéi Pacha after this efeat retired on Vaes.”” Fi It is bbe aecereys con, rete has (poe taken surprise, an if ‘urke slaughtered, but the Teport obtained no credit. her, how- ever, the effect of the disastrous int ence thus falling in in sach rapid succession, is begianing to et ee effect = i sean ar (etn The gov papers to ol bal , under fs gprhecin circumstances, of the Sultan’s acceptance of an armistice; but there is a feeling of such intense indignation swelling up, that serious consequences may arise, unless it Se allayed by intelligence that a position more worthy of a nation like France is speedily taken up. The Cos sacks of Russia have left an indelible mark on the French memory, and it is even said that Napoleon, alive to this, is not sorry that, by an apparent tardi- part, the public mind should seem to force him into a position which, from the commence- ment, he has been only too desirous of occupying. Then there is the news from the Trans-Caucai Te- ion—which of course will be transmitted to you by is mail—in which it a) , by the statement of General Andronikoff, the commander at Akal- sik, that the Turks made a Dore ane resistance, that the fire on both sides |: several hours, and that not till he bad recourse to assault could he ditlodge them—that even then they dis puted every inch of ground, and retired, leay- ing a thousand dead on the field. If these ac- counts cause such joy at St. Petersburg that the Czar and all his family repair to the chapel of the winter palace, there to ning Te Dewm, and offer in the preeence of his assembled members of council, senators, ministers, high dignataries of the court, gene- uublic thanksgiving to Almighty God for thus sanctifyin; by vi the arms of the orthodox faith ever at ferent is the effect here. Is it for this, it is asked; that our boasted eagle winged its flight in other days from the Palace of the Invalides to the copper domes of Moscow ? Is it for this she hovered over our heads amid all the disasters of that dreary retreat, and enabled us to struggle so long against a world inarms and at our throats ’ For what end has Napoleoniavoked her once again to our standards, if side by side with the rfidious lion of Albion she is to do dishonor to Vrance in the eyes vf the civilized world’ If Russia was to have her own with Turkey. why have crossed 4 : Fhe: rT and gaze, while she thas gorges er helplese prey Things wil), at all events, nct remain statiovary. For ‘good or il, we may expect that the next fort. e other she is | night will exercise an important influence on the great interests at stake. ‘The price of corn continues greatly{to augment, and thirty voesels from your side of the Atlantic, laden with breadstuffs, are anxiously Ifneed not | tell you that President Diarve's apeech has bes transcribed into all the French journals, and read | with deep interest-’ tis on such occasions that the » Spparently so facile in resigning hi self to the loss of al tre liberty, heaves a tig mat the large d of this blessing enjoyed by rs, and as, his own he oo) he reads such a phrase as bald co fmt the country, levied insensibly to yer, goes on ea to year increasing beyond either the interests ous Prospective wants of the ” ; most see a tear glisten in fis wiahfal ¢yer ot? In ice of the insalnbrious state of t! 7 mos here, the Arenblehas of Paris has given neil ral dispensation for the eating of meat on Fridays. ae Pager 8 of ‘his moroing announces that no ges 4 ines - fonseignear but French reception last night, ich wag attended by the neval number ws an _ Wes time alone cay sho’ oceasion ustrial Exhibition, in 1855, may rene f ties of this giganti Bo, see the com is ic opie the distant booming of vacua ie Tecep' the Tuileries was entirely con- fined to the presentation of srengere who had not hitherto enjoyed that honor. Court was in mourning for the late Queen of Portagal, and pro- bably this caused a considerable diminution inthe at- ie ces ral aay - pani ait reper 0 & more na- tare, wi ich will, it is said, commence after the i Jour del’an, and continue once a week throughout the season. Great pains are evidently about to be taken to render the court popular and splendid, but, above all things, select Message of President Pieree in England. the London Timer, December 20} Year after year,as the President of the United States addresses the vast community which has elest- ed him their tepaenrs abet, he seems to have the grandest opportunity can fall to the lot of ruler or statcsman. So, at least, it has been for some om and under circumstances that, with small in- ruption, have lasted, and seem likely to last, for some time. It is the uniform task of the President to tell his fellow citizems—what, indeed, they all know, for even their children are taught {t—the al- most unlimited capacity of their continent, their population, their commerce, their revenue, their con- stitution, their national enterprise and akill, and whatever else may contribute to a at empire. The facts are so patent, the contrast with the States ef the Old World so obvious, and the prospect so in- spiring, that the simplestlanguage becomes grand un- ler 80 mighty a theme. Mighty, indeed, it is for all those material purposes that constitute the chief la- ber of stateamen in this material sphere. “Ours,” says the President, in the message which has just arrived, ‘is almost, if not absolately, the solitary wer of Christendom, havmg a surplus revenue, rawn immediately from im; on commerce.” While that is the state of American finance, the popula ton of the United States, we are told, is ubbling every quarter of a century, and there is little reason to doubt that it will long continue in that ratio. As much asten million acres are every year brought into the market, and added to the area of enterprise. To crown all, the disputes that have hitherto threatened the peace and integrity of the Union have lately given way to reasonable com- promise;# and the ident assures us, though on this point the wish may be father to the thought, that the people of the republic have entered into “a new league of amity and of mutual confidence and support.” The States have increased from thirteen to thirty-one; embryo States are rising in the newly acquired territories; roads and postal communica- tions are projected no longer from city to city, but from ocean to ocean; and the only difficulty is that of meeting the first and simplest demands of go pros- erous and so increasing a People. The oneadmitted Srawback in this picture of almost preternatural prosperity and growth is the pestilence which has ae e chief Southern city of the Union. The * President disposes of this on very threshold of his message with the suitable comment, that “ it is well that a consciousness of rapid advancement and increasing strength be habitually associated with an abiding senze of dependence upon Him who holds in His hands the destiny of men and of nations.” Hap: py indeed the ruler who has no other dark cloud in rky, no other flaw in the system, no other devastating sore in the commonweal to point to, and-who may congratulate his fellow-citizens that, whatever their troubles) they are in the hands of the Almighty, and not of man! The finance of the Union is that particular feature of this Eevee which will be most appreciated by the deeply-indebted and heavily-burdesed States of the Old World. ‘The revenue of the country,” says the President, “levied almost inzensibly to, the tax- payer, goes on from year to year, increasit”y beyond eituer the interests or the prospective wants of the government.” How incredible this must sound, we will not say on the shores of the Bosphoros, or in the effete kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula, but in any one of our European empires! Yet it is fully borne out by the figures of the case. At midsum- mer last year there was @ balance of more than fourteen miflion dollars in the treasury; and, a3 the revenue of the {ensuing year was over aixty- one, millions, while the expenditure was only be- tween forty-three ,and forty-four millions, the surplus .exceeded thirty-two millions. What was to done with this fabulous abundance? It wag areal difficulty. In Europe the fortunate govern- ment that came in for such a windfall would imme- diately have set about a new chain of fortresses, cra fleet of war steamers, or the invasion of a neigh- boring country. Happity forthe United States, such are not the first thoughts there euggested by an un- usual accumulation of treasure. “* fact of an increasing surplus in the treasury,” the Presi dent, “ became the subject of anxious consideration at avery en of my administration, and the path of duty in regard to it seems to me obvious and clear, viz.: fiest, to spply the surplus revenue to the discharge of the public debt, so far as it could judi- ciously be done; and, te devise means for the gradual reduction of the revenue to the standard ofthe public exigencies.” As to the former of these objects,the President states that the debt of the United States has been reduced by nearly thirteen million dollars— that is, from sixty-nine millions to fifty-six, since the 4th of last March. As to the latter, is recommended to revise the tariff, by reduc- ing the duties om certain articles, and ‘to add te the free list any other articles now taxed, and especially such as enter into manufactares, and are not largely, or at all, produced in the United States.” Other and more common modes of employing the mah find a place even in a Presi- dent's message. It is found necessary to bring the navy more into proportion with the foreign com- merce of the Union; te increase the rsgular army a3 a bucieus for the volunteers who are always reckoned upon in the hour of need; and to commence or com- lete some extensive pubiie works. Nevertheless it h confidently expected that in a very few years the Union will have wiped away its debt, and, if is, bas the forbearance to abstain from war on the first pro- vocation, it may go far to solve the problem whether it is possible for a State to exist without taxes. To fudge only by the number of controversies sus- tained by nion with other Powers, and stated by the President with patriotic bias, it might be con- cluded that the above cial surplas might son be employed—as ae usual! ‘4 are on this side ig up for the deficiencies of the Atlantic—in argument; but, whether from the paramount strength of the Union on its own continent, or from its wise forbearance, it is seldom driven to the last appeal. There is, therefore, nothing very terrible in the enumeration of pending differences. With us, the question of eriea is still unset- tled, and the President insists on the convention of 1818, as practically interpreted, he says, for a quarter of a century, questions wie this ey about the States of Central America are, we are told, under amicable arrangement; as also are certain claims of British subjects against the United States, and of American cjtizens against this country. The northwest frontier, between the United Btates and British America, is still to be determined. Cuba, whose “proximity to the shores” of the United States, and position “right in the track of trade be- tween some of the principal cities,” render her an object of special interest in the States, oecupies an im; nt place in the mee A perpetual eerie: of collisions with its sathori impels the govern. ment of Waehington to demand the establishment of diplomatic intercourse between their Consul at Ha- vene and and the Captain-General of the island, that ready explanation mpy be made, and prompt redress afforded. On the r hand, a ish claim, admitted in 1847, has, it appears, still to be satis- fied. The seizure of Koezta, “elothed with the nationality of the United States,” and his frescue the Americans, seem to be disposed of by the that Koazta is safe in the United States, and the complaints of the Austrians declared[to be \dless. The ition to Japan is still without iam The frontier line between Mexico and the territory ceded to the United States has to be corrected, in consequence of an error in the first selection of the initial it on the Rio ae Goske ovation i Oats bed as the — of some ty ip! 4 operations. e United States are Semasnting from Brazil that the make - asf th iis of Pa oa yaad. “th ad nations, e repul are, he Ar- gentine Confederation have alresty ‘conceded, with regard to their rivers. In all this there is nothing more than the natural efforts of a great nation, spreading in all directions, enlarging at once ita frontier, its trade, ita relations, ite pretensions, and inver conception of its own character and position. Happily, thus far, this developement {s easy and faye. yo hinting Md across the vi of British dominion, the United States are confr by no Power worthy even to be an antagonist,on their own continent. They have only to satis’y themselves ublic justice or national honor down. As with other em- ustralian Correspondence. Me.novans, Bept. 27, 1853. of Victoria—Gold Discoveries—The s——The Climate--Opening of the Legisla- tive Council--Agitation of the Diggers for the Abolition of tne License Fee—Grievous Restrice tions on the Bale of Lands, §e., Se. I send you this letter by the Shangbal, which sails to-day, and which will reach you by the overland ronte. It is generally believed here that the mails by this route will reath London quicker than these sent by the steamer Victoria, which left hereon Batarday, as she has to eall at Adelaide and the Cape. I have, however, sent papers by both steamers, in order that your readers may have the benefit of the earliest arrival. The affairs of the colony—I mean Victoria—are in a very abnormal state, commercially, socially, and politically : am enormous sad continual influx of population, the fluetuation in the prosperity of the gold fields, and the wretched policy of an oligarchy ealling iteelf a government, are the causes of this condition. Perhaps, with the exeeption of Turkey and some other Buropean States, this id the worst governed country in the civilized world. Tho price of gold rates at £3 16s. 6d. per ounce ; one-third advance has been paid for gold for imme- diate shipment. The greatest “developement” which I have to report in the gold line is the discovery of a large mine at Balaarat, one hundred miles from Melbourne, a fortnight since. Twelve heles were sunk down upon it, and the yield was at the rate ef £1,200 per foot. These twelve “ jewellers’ shops” rival, if not exceed, any previous gold discovery made in Australia. Old Bendigo still holds out to the “‘knowing ones,”’ but generally proves a failure to “new chums.” We received last week, from Ba- larat, 12,162 ounces; Mount Alexander and Ben- digo, 26,808 ounces, and from ali the Victoria aig- gings a total of 41,227 ounces. Up to the past week, ending the 24th inst., the total amount of gold ex- tracted from the soln, of Victoria alone is 71 tons 8 cwt. 3 qre. 9 ozs., which, at 758. per ounce, gives £6,429,408. This does not include the product of the New Bouth Wales mines, The markets are glutted with almost every deacrip- tion of goods; even building materials have ceased to form an exception. Flour has risen in price, as it is believed that American merchants will be very chary inshipping that article, after their recent rifices. Fine flour sells at £33 a £35, and agence at £320 fs Pe ton. Boots and shoes, eRMthing of all sorts, and firearms are selling at auc- tion, and in many stores, at a less price than their original cost in England and in America. 1 am told by a friend, a member of a large mercantile firm here, that this glutted condition of the markets will continue for the next six months, so large have been the imports. There is, nevertheless, a disposition on the part of merchants to hold, in the hope that the approaching spring, bringing with it passable roads into the interior, will put another face on matters; but this is very questionable. The thing is overdone. This colony, so far famed for its beautiful and lovely and charming and healthful climate, docs not bear out its reputation. The rainy season commenced in the early part of May, and is not et over. We have had a five months’ winter. During the present month it has rained almost inces- santly, making the unpaved streets very disagree- able and the roads im, ble: in these “‘roads’’ there are large bogs, and when @ bullosk team and dray once get into one, there is a chance of their sticking there for weeks. But we have escaped the usual winter floods which turn Melbourne into a little sea, and our numerous wooden houses into Noah’s arks. When we do get a fine day, it is as warm as an English summer one, and the flowers being in full Banat ae all the trees evergreen, the deception is complete. ‘There isa great deal of disease here. Rheuma- tiem, cramp, dysentery and typhus fever do their work, erpecially in the diggings, where they carry off jarge numbers;jand when the summer comes, with its intense heat and hot winds, and accelerated by our crowded, and, in many cases, filthy habitations, we expect the cholera morbus. We can easily get this visiter from India, and as we have no sewerage, no drains, no baths or washhonees, and but littie water, and that obtained from the muddy organic Yarra Yarra, it is very probable it will favorus with its D hpeme & A ie Seat Council commenced its sittings in St. Patrick’s Hall, on the 30th ult. An enthusiast of “the old tin kettle,” 1. ¢. the British Constitution school, would have gone into ecstacies. The farce was complete, save in the ‘Upper House.” (Governor La Trobe arrived at the door of ‘The House” in a Oar to @ severer test, and bow to the common sense of ue Gat Se seems tant, and the condition of the United ribed ¢ President, is thus far one of exuber- isc{plined growth. For their freat trom is reposed inthe and ini oe of * justice the masees.” value of this secu in foreign poti- carriage, accompanied by guards of honor and bayo- nets as thick in number asthe prickles on the back of a hedgehog; he was attired in military costume, and alighted amid the firing of artillery and the flourish of trampets, but also amid the groans and hisses of a meagre erowd. Notwithstanding the politi- caljapathy which pervades all classes of the people,so intent are they upon money getting the political conduct of the Governor has been so contemptible that his name amd presence have become offensive. He is a “squatter,” and bas acquired a property of £80,000. He leaves the colony in a few weeks, upon the arrival of hie successor. His “speech” to the House astonishea almost every member of it, by the inconsistent and vacillating course of policy ro- pounded. There are about sixty members, one third of whom are “‘nominees.” The debates are carried on in a miserable style, without much regard to the rules of syntax, on the one hand, or those of political econ- omy on the other. To hear them discuss the forma- tion of a ‘‘constitootion”’ for the colony, which power the home government has conferred upon them, will be a treat. The diggers at Bendigo and the Ovens have at eng fairly frigctened the government by their agitation for the abolition of the license fee of thirty shillings a month. Large and violent meetings have held in the diggings ond in Melbourne, and active and ve resistance to the enforcement of the license fee has been resorted to. Troops and artillery were ordered up, but 120,000 armed diggers were prepared for them. Thanks to the government no collision took place; and a pro- clamation was soon afterwards posted up that the li- cense fee would be altered in this case. For once under a British regime “ might” happened to be on the “right” siide. But the policy of the government has been 80 ex- traordipary and {amusing that I cannot forbear stating it, to show your readers in what hands the most important of England’s colonies is placed. On the Ist ult. La Trobe wrote a despatch in answer to one received from the Governor of New South Wales, advising him,.at al] havards, to maintain the license fee in his colony; and in his (La Trobe’s) speech to the House, to which I have alluded, he recommended its entire abolition, and the imposition of an ex; duty on gold—an impracticable measure, jess adopted in all the three Australian colonies, and ,in any case, will meet with the most deter- mined opposition by the merchants. A bill for the reduction of the fee to £2 for three months—as an initiatory step—has been just passed. The great cry here is “ Unlock the lands.” How many of persons have come to this eountry in the expectation of investing their little capitals in land, and have been most bitterly disappointed! No land for you, gents—all in the hands of saeep ‘‘squst- ters,” who roam over tracts of territory extending ia some cases to ninety miles. for which they pay £10 a year. There men are the capitalists of Australia, while a por man dare not anywhere erect a tent for the covering of himself and his shivering family with- out paylog bs.a week to the government; and for appropriating the smallest piece of wood which he might§find on the “Crown 1s,” he is fined 40s., which penalty is rigorously enforced. When the go- vernment do “unlock,” they will sell by auction large quautities of land at an upset price of frou £1 to £500 per acre, so that the small capitalist is com- pletely shut out. How often have I heard the ex- emple of the United Slates quoted, with its land at a dollar and a quarter an acre! How many bitter re- grets have I heard escape many who have left that country to experience the truth of that remark of na Webster's‘ There is but one America in the a.’ The geld escort robbers were, as is usual in such | cares, all convicts. Three have been captared and tried, and now await their exesution. This country | is full of convicts; many of them are wealthy and influential men. 1 have been frequently asked, in the most familiar and cool manner, “ Did you come out free?’ My indignant and emphatic ‘“ Yes,” | has{upon several occasions, been replied to: “Ah, I'm | ten years man,” or “‘tourtcen yearaman,” aa the | might be. 1 mention this to show something of ie atate of ‘‘ society” here. Mr. and Mrs. Stark have been theatre here, where, I am happy to say, their efforts | have been crowned with triumphant saccess. | You will perceive by the accompanying Papers that Melbourne and the eolony of Victoria have far | outstripped Sydney and New South Wales in wealth | and events img} ce; and from baat pte od | cal os she wi! gee ee is—the m lis of the southern 5 | Pr have kept oe open until the latest mo- | ment fixed by inexorable and arbitrary pine ene” whose character for courtesy does ae 7 forming at the | A. | Navicarion or ras Waerrnm Rivens.—The Western rivers have never been lower at this season | of the year, according to our recollection, than they now are. ¢ Ohio is too low for any but the smallest clas of boats; the par — in ig float i i between St. Louis forty, Tockes of water on the time there ia some indication of a break up this condition the rivers be changed, as eo fallen hoth ecpth apd west of this, THE AFFAIRS OF THE STATES. M. of the Governor of Pennsylvania. Gov. William sent his annual to the Legislature om the 3d inst. The floances of the Mitks rorsints tac enmery fon tho year. Lis 0 rece’ ir , OX- clusive of ioans, and including the acéual balance in the Semery on the first day of December, 1852 (being $671,087 72,) amounted to the sum $5,962,474 47. The payments for the same period, exclusive of expenditures, make a $1,818,326 10 less $505,057 55 was Fund, and 189,000 towards the payment of old debts and the aud Fortage Railroad, being part of tae tarmporary aud Portage , I" of ie Joand authorized by the set ofthe 19th of A Lt Lawt 5 which, together with the balance in the applicable to the redemption of outatanding loans, reduces the actual balance on the first day of De- cember last to the sum of about six hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars, to be used in the pay- ment of the February interost. The receipts for the year 1854, including the balance in e aeomy On 8 first of December, tin ie my opinion, be safely edtimated at r \. e nditures for the same period, including $250,000 for the it of old debts on the public works,and $300,000 for the sinking fund, should not, and if per care: baa wiles, execs the aura of $4,500, leaving a balance in the treasury on the let of December, 1854, of $1,340,417 34. De- ducting from this $625,000, the ameunt that should remain in the treasury to meet the interest due February 1, 1855, and we havea surplus revenue of over $700,000. It is thus made apparent to my mind that the treasury will have the ability, during the coming ear, to redeem the entire amount of the erent loans now outatanding, and pay the debts to whic! I have already referred. But no additional drafts should be made upon it, without provision being first made for their payment. At the time of my induction into office the liabili- ties of the State were as follows, to wit Bix per cent bonds, 14,023 61 Five per cent bonds 36,704,458 03 Four and one-balf per cent bonds 198,200 00 Relief notes, per act of May 4, 18: 600,163 00 Certificates for unpaid interest on the pub- lic debte, for the years 1843,’44, and '45, with their accumulated inter +: 204 080 20 Domeatic creditors’ certificates 92,992 74 Total Mabilities, Dec. 1, 1861 ‘ $40,164,457 48 Add loan of April 2, 1962, for the comp tlon of the North Branch canal 850,000 00 $41,004,467 48 To the sinking fund $081, Interest on outaianding oertia- cater... $782,222 47 Total amount of funded debt at this time. $40,272,235 OL To meet this apparent fhorease of $117,777 53 of the pnblic debt, it should be observed that, by the cancellation of six per cent. bonds, we have a saving of $20,000 annually to the treasury, which is equiva- lent toa virtual payment of $400,000 of the five per cent bonds. The aniount thus saved, will be a per- manent resource, without making any exaction from the'people,’and:constitute a substantial addition to the sinking fund. It will bea virtual reduction of the public debt to the amount of $282,222 47. The floating liabilities and current demands upon the Treasury, at the period I have indicated, were as tollows:— Damages, balances on contracts, and for labor aud materials on the public works, prior to Jan. 1852, and since paid, as appears on the books of the Auditor General. eae Temporary loans... « Unpaid appropriatiors, RMIT ee nip eli V tos vassiveats $1,401,090 15 The floating liabilities of the Common- wealth, and current demands upon the treasury at this time, are:— Railroad and canal deb Tempo loang. . . Unpaid appropriatio Difference between the two periods.....$177,661 15 It will thus appear that the floating liabilities are $177,661 15 less than when I assumed the duties of my present station. It should be remarked that a floating debt, as above stated, is no new thing. It has always existed to a greater or less d , but has not usually been exhibited in this form, A balance of unpaid appropriations is unavoidable, and has not been so smali for many years, as at preseat. During the years 1852 and 1853 the following ap- propriations and payments have been made towards the construction of new improvements:— For relaying the north track of the Gulu bia PAUITOAd 0.6.20. csercccersvesssesercsorse For the construction of a new rond to avoid the inclined planes on the Alleghany moun- $955,500 00 ER TO Ce] For the completicn ot the Western reservoir. 52,340 41 For the North Branch caua).............+.. 1,000,000 00 For the new locks ox the Delawai 80,000 00 From the foregoing figures it is apparent that th operaticns of the treasury have exceeded our mos sapguine expectations, yielding over a million of tellers nually above the ordivary charges and ex- mses; and showing that if no new improvements fad been in king lke mil ions, at least, of the ublic debt could have been paid during the last wo years. In addition to these extraordinary ex penditures there was paid out of the treasury during said period, in pursuance of laws passed prior to 1852, for the Btate Lunatic Asylum, $70,700; for the publication of the Pennsylvania Archives and Colo- nial Records, $23,163 52; for the improvement of the State penitentiaries, $35,000; tor the publica- tion of Professor Rogers’ Geological Survey, $16,000; for the | hentia of registration books, $12,190 19; to Legh Valley and Deer Creek Tarapike Com- any, $8,000. “ It will readily be perceived, therefore, that should the appropriations hereafter be confined strictly to the ordinary expenses of government, we shall have an annual surplus revenue exceeding one million of dollars, epplicable to the Pyne of the funded debt. That such should be the policy of the State, after the completion of the works now ia progreas, will not be doubted. The importance of such eco- nomy, in view of the greatend to be attained—the liquidation of the public debt, and consequent relief of the rene from taxation for State purposes—is too manifest fer argument. Entertaining these views, I could not give my assent to any new schemes of im- provement by the State. . The Governor takes ground against the sale of the ublic works, aud says:—for the years 1852 and 853 the net receipta may be put down as equal to the annual interest upon about fifteen millions of the public debt; and I am inclined to believe that, with- out any increase of trade,except on the North Branch, the net profits for the ensuing year may be estimated at a sum equal to the interest on seventeen or eighteen millions of the debt, and that the com- pletion of the road over the mountains, or relief in some other way from the Lene demands ef that portion of our improvements, see the net reve- nues from this source swelled to a sum equal to the interest upon twenty-two millions of the State-bonds. In to subscriptions to railroads, the Gover- nor says:—Viewed in every » a8 @ Mere ques- tion of expediency, the ex, ents Sy aetd made would seem to weigh heavily against the po icy of such subscriptions; indeed, I have no hesitation in saying that the aversion I have always entertained towards this principle, and especially its extension to counties, bas been greatly strengthened by this experience; and we should now, it seems to me, as a hha le, profit by this lesson, and awoid the practice in the fature. MESSAGE OF THE GOVERNOR OF OHIO, Governor Medill transmitted bis annual een to the Legislature on the 2d inst. The finances of the Btate the Governor represents as follows:— Tt appears, from the Auditor's report, that the re- ceipts into the State Treasury for the fiscal year end- ing November 15, 1853, have been as follows:—~ General revenue fer Lore i col Jected upon the daplicate of 1652, $1,687,793 39 Canal tol’s and wa‘er rents... 606,165 62 Tividerés om turmpike, canal, and ‘railroad tenes 73,835 90 Bales of cans! lands. 9,402 21 | | md lands ke feos Mere Sako untot 44 Surplus revenne, princi pa interes! 187 19 Tolls on National Rose 36,364 40 Tolls on Maumee Road 10,492 96 Re-paymert of railroad 146,810 00 Bales of school and ministeri: 149,890 7: Renate on Virginia Military Sonool lands 3,105 09 For use of Comercial Mospital,. 464 00 MincelianCous ,..6 66.6 c esc eeeeee 3,265 67 $2 866,189 61 Balatce in the Treasury, Nov. 15, 1862 503,041 77 Total amount applicable to disbursement of 18t8., + 3,459,181 88 The disburse: same period have For expenses of the State goverament. «+ $633,906 86 For repairs upon public works... 449,371 26 For inter m on foreign public debt. $896, 45' Domertic debt...,.... 19,010 21 For schoct and trust fund, being irreducible debt an¢ rents on Vir- ginia military echool lans..... For redemption of domestic debt. For redemption of foreign debt.. For investments by Fund Commissioner tn United States stoeks........ se eeeeeseerese For common rohool fund For repairs of Natioual road. Tor Ohio cans! tolls, paid Gand; Total disbursements during the 696,118 83 Bularge ip the Treavery, Nov. 18, tte bart itr) 58 924,470 47 The entire debt of the State outstanding Nov, 15 1863, was as follows :— DOREIGN. Five per cent stock peyable Jan. 1, 1857... Five par cent stock payable Jan. 1, 1866, + $160,008 1,028 690 Siz per cent stock payable Jan. 1, 1857. ‘Six per cent stock payable Jan. 1, 1861. Bix per cent stock payable Jan. 1, 187 Six per cent stook payable Jan. 1, 1876.. Total six per cent stoek. bonds, payable after 1863 Miamst Ghhonsien land TORO. ++0r00 cane sasecnannien’ ts eee e 069801, 128 1D Amount of irreducible debt, arising from soboe! and trust funds held by the State, which six per cent interest is jo able annually forever. Poreign debt. Domestic deb’ Irreducible de In relation to the law eommonly called the “rete law, which taxes the capital of the banks of th: “tatg, the Governor saya: It is incorrect to he gd that the oni of taxing banks on profits only, was « / ipt with any view of taxing them less than indi, .w On the contrary,it was claimed to be a higher -rad@ of State taxation; and the banks often boaste. that prior to 1846 they paid more than individuals. The growing magnitude of State—eapeeial 'y of 16- cal—taxation, however, led the people to demand that these istitutions should equally with theai-elveg, be brought within its range. Hence arises toe pres, sent conflict. 2 The higher grade of State taxation, placed iu thal charters, became, in the course of time, a lower ong even for State purposes, to say nothing about the local and many other burdens which are pecemerty borne by individuals. An effort was made in 1846, at a time when the whole basis of the revenue lawd was changed, and when the inequality referred to became clearly apparent, to subject banks, not as formerly, to a higher and special rate of taxation, but to same that was scribed for and imposed on individuals. is efforts 80 fair and table at the time, was success. fully resisted. It continued, however, to be insisted upon, and the provision upon that sabject in the new constitution has been the result. This provision re- lieves the banks from the payment of the rates cene tained in their charters, and which they alleged wera so much greater than those paid under the general revenue laws of the State, and only requires th.’ “all roperty employed in banking, shall always wear a Pures of taxation equal to that imposed on the proe erty of individuals.” This burden is now heavy, Put @ constantly increasing duplicate will, in a vei few years, greatly reduce it. The amount arneer to meet the interest on the public debt is annagll: diminishing, and the temporary causes that now tend to keep ap the taxes will soon disappear. The banka can therefore gain but little by a perseverance im their present course, while fojury and final ruin may be the consequence. The duty of the General Assembly is plain aud un questionable. The requirements of the consti: ition must be carried out. In this determination the peo ple, and every brauch of the State govermment, are united, and will sustain each other by the mos! cheer= ful co-operation. The banks should look beyon’4 the legal issue. No one should desire to live ainon, an industrious and heavily taxed people, without bearing a fair and equa! proportion of the necessary burdens of the State. The government lands in the State, the Go crnot thinks, ought at once to be surrendered to the state government. He says:— The reduction of ie ete of our canal lands hag increased the number of acres upon the grand du- plicate, and contributed Jargely to the settiem:nt of one of the most promising regions of the Biute. The area of the whole State contains 26,575,960 acres, of which tnere will be brought on the gr duplicate, for the ensuing year, 24,811,455 «crea, leaving a balance of 765,505 acres, the greater of which still belongs to the general government. The United States continues to demand the formef rices of from $125 to $250 per acre, whne the tate sells her lands in the same vicinity, at greatl; reduced rates. This necessarily retards the ment of these lands, and proves a very serious venience to the people in that section of the St." The general government should at once sur nder the remainder of its lands to the State, so tha: they may go into the hands of actual settlers, at graduated prices, and be brought, with all the other lancs @ the State, on the grand duplicate. This would be no more than just. The who!r uan- tity of land at first held by the generai goveri:.neat in this State, as appears from the actual surveys, was 16,770,084 acres. The proceeds already rewiized ths national treasury amount to nearly $21,00:),000, which is an average of more than $1 25 per ec:2 f0E the entire quantity. I deem the present an appropriate and fav: -ablé time to press this matter upon the considerat)on of of the general government, since the early sett!e nent of the public domain is the avowed policy of th» pre sent adminiatration. The affairs of the general government receive very little attention, and the Governor closes his a wage with the following remarks :— Oar federal relations—beth at home and abicoad— have been conducted, during the past year, with signal ability and success, ‘he principles and policy announced in th» inau- cua addres aud message of the chief aie rate of e Union, reflect the sentiments and opinion: of the pepe. and afford ample proof that the honor and Hg interests of our conntry will be fally and seru, pulously maintained. Theatres and Exhibitions. Bowery Tararns.—A fine bill is announced for Monday evening. Mr. J. R. Scott, Mr. Derr and others appear in the drama of “Putnam.” The Boone children give one of their scenes, and other exclleat entertainments are announced. At the Baoanway Tuearre, Monday evening, “ The Cataract of the Ganges” is to be played. The interest regarding this piece seems to increase, and persons who intend visiting the theatze should se cure seata early during the day. a Burton's Tuxatre.—‘To Parents and (uate dians,” ‘Black and White,” and other interesting en- tertainments, are announced for Monday evening at the Chambers street theatre. * Misa Robertson, Burton, Fisher, Jordan, and other favorites will ap- pear. Narrowat Trearax.—The bill for Monday oftere noon comprires Mr. Taylor's drama founded upon th¢ story called “ Hot Corn.” Cordelia Howard appear in if. In the evening “Uncle Tom's Cabin” will be played. Several new songs have lately been addeds Watack’s Tomataz.—The new Christmas piece, “Old Time and New Time,” and Mr. Brougham’s comedy, ‘The; Game of Life,” are announced for Monday evening. The popular comedians of W, Jack’s will all appear in tebe pieces. * Baxnxvn's Mussom.—On Monday sfternoon aad evening @n interesting dramatic performance is an- nounced. The various natura! curiosities wil! alsa ‘be on exhibition. The giraffes are the only ones ig this dountry;and are most beautiful saimals. Baoapway MrnaGumrx.—One of the most ateraes tive places of resort in this city is Herr Driesbach’a menagerie, 337 Broadway. The display of animals ig Temerkably fine, and the place is fitted up with great elegance and taste. Cunierr’s Mixsragis, No. 472 Broadway, af nounce a firet rate entertainment for Monday «ven- ing. Plenty of fun, pienty of barlescues, and pienty of songs. Tur Woon Mixsramis, No. 444 Broadway, ard drawing great houses with the new burlesque, ‘ Virginia Cupids.” Go and see it. It is to be giveg all this week. Buckizy’s “Jullien” burlesque is @ great favorite at Chinese Hal), 539 Broadway. It is up for Monday evening, with other morceaux. Burtz, at Stuyvesant Institute, on Monday even: ing. A capita! place to spend an honr in. A young American danseuse, a Mies Maywood, literally taken Florerce by storm—a feat many s et a ot exatiatn . She te said to the me great sing unlike Forrarts, Carlotta Grisi, or Ca. ito, and 4 conte many perfec: aad ime passioned, a) vhe senses than fs the pony of Tn taco, che is ren per” pant is seairctenely graphic and expressis+, and would be remarkable even for a Neapolitans. The roar- ing and shouting when she appears atti at the back of the stage, secm between parting clouds of misty pgs Re a, : as and the recalls av | boa- our o clasi H -+ Af com jon positively agg The Charleston Omuricr of the 26th Droember sn: s that Mise Julia Dean is now in that etty, in ‘fine health and rita, and will a t this evening, at our theave, dns, is the piay of that meme. To-morrow ¢ Beate pages for her benefit sight, when o! appear in wo sharacWre—Jane Shore, ‘Ooasta: F ait The betel at Upper Marlboro’, (Md.,) oew Leonard H. Chow, kod owned Dy Joh teosast te: 4 i

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