The New York Herald Newspaper, November 25, 1853, Page 4

NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, PROPRIETOR AND EDITOR, Exomet Guard of the Tenth Regiment of New York State Militla, held a revsion last evening at their ‘| spacious drill rooms, ia Delaney s'rect. The ban- | quet was a we fot vp affair, aud some very fine TOR speeches were mae, & full report of whic! m We Nas ere. apr hyenas cadet vohoaeiial | found in another column. advance HERALD 2 cents per copy—8? per annuyn of the TERMS cash THE DAILY THE WEEKLY HER (‘LD every Saturday copy, or $3 per annum: the Buropera Biitis os ve viny part cf Great Eritatm and 5 to Dontinent beth to include ment of the Crystal Pa’ace tected in purloining a bottle o° perfumery from the VOLUNTARY CORR. SPONDENCE conta French department. He was arrested and commit Wicliypatd for aye Cuno ted to prigon to await the charge. Among his ef 1 PARTIOULARLY ACKAGES SENT US. ALL LETTERS by mail for Subsor tiscments. to be pgs! paid, or the postage Wil! be de lw remilted. ee NO NOTICE taken of anonymous communication se rejected. PSOE PRINTING crecuted with nestue), cheapness, and AUEORED FO 8 fects two or three hun’red dollars worth of articles identified as the property of exbibitors were discoy- te publish to-day an interesting sketch of the life of John Mitchel, the Irish exile. ‘Thanksgiving Day passed off quietly, busines’ be- ing generally suspended. We give elsewhere in our columns interesting accounts of the festivities at various charitable institutions in this city and vici- nity. The telegraph operators evidently took a holiday. The War in Waliachta- Threatening Po- sition of Russia. The news from Turkey, by the Washington and Canada, is startling and highly important. The Danube bas been crossed afresh, at three points--Giurgovo, Oltenitza, and Kalarach— by Omer Pasha’s army; and at Oltenitza an encounter has taken place, in which the Rus- sians were deteated, with a loss of 150 killed and nearly 500 wounded. The number of troops engaged appears to have been 18,000 Turks, and some 9,000 Russians under General Parloff. jan officers had already arrived at ntinople as prisoners of war. There are nors that Giurgevo, and even Bucharest had been sto:med by the Turks. Whatever credit the statement niay obtain, it is now certain that Omer Pasha is master of the north littoral ofthe Danube. He has fortified Kalefat on the far west, and left a garrison of 12,000 men there. If Giurgovo has not fallen into his hands, 2,000 men besiege it. Oltenitza is his, with 18,000, and Kalarach is occupied by 4,000 troops. From Oltenitza and Giurgovo good roads lead di- rectly to Bucharest. which is only some forty- five miles distant from the former and forty frem the la‘ter place. Flushed with victory, there is no doubt that the Turks will advance, if they have not already done so, upon the head- A 'VER TISEMENTS renewed ever day. aaa Wokume XVIIT...........ececeee sere eeeee NOs BRT AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. | BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery—Love—Ex Hyver BROADWAY THERATRS. broadway--Love Cuase—ALt war GLITTERS 18 NOT Goup. NIBLO’S, Broadway—Tux Proruer. BURTON'S THEATRI BuyLccK. On THE Mrxe wo sireet—Fox Cuase— Ov VENICE PRESERVED. WATIONAL THEATRZ, Chatham etreet—Uncrx Tox's Cawn WALLACK’S THEATRE, Broadway—Gaanprarien Warr enean~ Rivas AMERICAN MUSEUM—A‘ternoon—Dvuet iw THe Darw Srrcrxe Buiwecnoom. sveriog—Uncie Tou's Canis. FRANCONIS EIPPODROMS, Madison oqusr— After and Eveuing—ENGLIsN Sreerie Cuase—Cuanior ING, &o. BROADWAY MEN AGERIB—Sramese Twins anv Wito Dmasts. BOWERY AMPHITHEATRE, 37 Uowery--Equesraiay Pemrormances. CHRISTY'S AMERICAN OPERA BOU®E, 472 Broadway —Brmoriay Mevovres wy Cunisty’s Minsrr ei WOOD'S MINSTREL’S, Wood's Minstrel Hall, 444 Sroad- @ag—ETWOPIAN MinsTRELSY. BUCKLEY'S OPREA HOUSE, 839 Brosdway—Bucn:ey's Brmorian Ureka Taovre. BANVARD'S GRORAMA, OW Brondway—Faxonama 07 mmx Hoy Lanp. BHENISH GALLERY, 66) Broadway—Day and Evening. SIGNOR BLITZ—Srvvvesant Instirure, 669 Broadway. ACADEMY HALL. (3 Bro WERION OF THE SEVEN Mine Mt Peruan’s Grrr Sxut IONAL PAINTING ror THE POWELL'S GREAT : AT THE NATIONAL AGADENY OF RovrRNNENT Is NOW OP: Desicn, Gov Broadway. BOPE CHAPEL, 718 Brosdway—Jongs's Pantoscors recy: ay quarters of Prince Gortschakoff. Now that x NI — Broad , oe er ef : + wun pihgeitcas, iar ie aan hostilities have begun in earnest, Omer = | Pasha cannot but follow up his summons with vigor and resolution. Thus far, fate has favor- ed bis cause, Nor are his exploits the only Turkish tri- umphe of which we hear. As was expected, the courier which was despatched to the army in Asia, with the news of the armistice, arrived too late to prevent the commencement of hosti- lities: and here again, the Turks have been victorious. Our accounts are somewhat con- fused; but it appears that Selim Pasha, the Turkish General, crossed the frontier, invaded the Russian territory. and gave battle to the enemy at some point opposite Baltoum. Five thousand men were engaged, without decisive results, Subsequently, however, a second en- gagement is said to have taken place at Ciorick- New York, Friday, November 25,1853. Mails for Europe. WRE NSW YORK WEEKLY BEBALD. ‘The United States mail steamship Pacific, Uaptais Nye, “ei Jeave this port at noen to-morrow, for Liverpool. Subscriptions snd advertisements for any edition of the Nww Yorn Humitp will be received at the fcDowing place: tm Burope — “Wr, Thomas & Co., No. 19 Catherine street Paxue—Livingston, Welle & Co., Rue de la Bouree. “ B.A, Revoil, No. 17 Rue de la Bangne. The European wails t@-morrew morning. The Wamxiy Hxrazp will be pub! close at half past ten o'clock 2 et balt-peat cise @ clock to we morning. Single copies, in wrapperr, | Dere, when 15,000 Russians were defeated, wixpence and the Russian position of Orelle taken. The SSS Russian force is said to have fallen back. The News. It is well, before going any farther, to dispel at once any delusion which these facts might create in the minds of some. The advantages gained by the Turks can be but temporary, and in no wise alter the existing prospects of the issue. The Russian army stationed in Walla- chia, is said to be 80,000 strong; while, accord- ing to the most reliable accounts, Omer Pasha has only crossed the Danube with a force amounting altogether to 36,000. The former is abundantly supplied with horse and artillery, and the nature of the ground is peculiarly favor- able for effective movements ofcavalry. Omer Pasha has no horse to speak of. A similar disproportion existe, if we mistake not, be- tween the contending armies in Asia. In point of zeal and ardor the Turks may have the advantage; but in numbers, discipline, and equipments, the Russians are manifestly their superiors. Nor must it be for- gotten that the Russian troops actually en- gaged in the present conflicts are mere detach- ments from the standing army of the Czar; that he could double them at a moment’s warn- ing; that he runs no risk of lacking money or supplies; that his army is in excellent training and discipline; while, on the other hand, the Turks are straitened for means, must have drawn heavily on their people“for the present levies. and, whatever may be said of their cou- rage. have as yet earned no claim to distinc- tic ilitary skill. These considerations give peculiar signi- ficance to our news respecting the attitude of Russ On the 3d of November, the day on which the Turks crossed opposite Oltenitza, the Czar issued a proclamation in which he solemnly announces that ‘Russia is provoked to combat. and no other means is leftus than a re- course to arms, to compel the Ottoman govern- ment to respect treaties, and to obtain from it reparation for its offences.” Taken in conjune- tion with the facts we have related, this mani- festo would scem to close the door, finally, to all attemps et negotiation,*and utterly to proclude all hopes of a restoration of peace. From other quarters, we learn that Nicholas is taking measures to countercheck England's anticipated interference in the quarrel. A ru- mor had been telegraphed. in advance of the India mail, to the effect that an alliance had been formed between the Czar, the indomitable Dost Mahomed, and the King of Persia, to op- The Washington, ‘rom Bremen ané Southampton, arrive d at this port yesterday evening, bringing our files of English journals, dated ch the 9th, with Paris advices of the Sth ins*.; and the arrival of the Canada ‘at Halifax upon the same evening, makes our Eu ropean news of seven days later date. According to the intelligence by both steamers, skirmishes be- tween the ontposte of the Russian and Turkish ar- mies w:re of daily occurrence, and several severe engagements between the main bodies of the troop$ bad taken place both in Europe and Asia, which are referred to at lergth in another column. By telegraph from Trieste we learn that the Eng- lish troops in Burmah were closely besieged by Meab-Toon and other cbiefs acting for the King of Ava. The mail steamers had been fired on io the river. The Chinese insurgents had completely routed the Emperor's troops at Amoy, on the 12th of Septen- ber. Trade in India was rather cheering. From England we learn that the “strike” agita- tion in the North had not entirely subsided. The New York packet ship Kossuth, from Liverpool, had put into Queenstown, with cholera on board, afer being fifteen days at sea. Great mortality existed among the emigran‘s. The emigrant ship Guiding Ster had put into Belfest, from the same cau:e, and eighteen of her passengers were deal, with many rmeor The markets were without change, but cotton was somewhat firmer, with a slight advance ia middling quality. American securities were extremely dull. Preights at Liverpool were buoyant. By the arrival of the bark Montezuma, from Dema- rara and St. Thomas, we have files of Georgetowa (British Guiana) papers dated to the 2d of October. They do not contain any news of importance. Tae meeting to commemorate the jubilee of the British and Foreign Bible Society took place on the 12th alt., in the hall of the Court of Justice. The attend- ance, both of ladies and gentlemen, was large, and most respectable. The honorable the Conrt of Po- licy met for general business on Wednesday, the 26th ‘of October. The Portuguese Consul had issued an address to his countrymen resident in Demarara, advocating aa early subscription among them for the relief of the people of Madeira. The death of M. Jules Dupouy, commander of the French war steamer Marcean, jying in the river, was very much regretted. ll the flags of the shipping were hoisted at half mast. The idea of a shipment of convicts from England was strenuously opposed by the papers. The health of the colony was good. The brig Isabella Reed arrived yesterday from Port au Prince, bringing advices to the 5th inst. At the time of her departure the general health of the country was good, and everything tranquil. A meeting of the trustees of the People’s College | pose Turkey. and of course to threaten the —an inst for instruction in the practical sci- | British possessions in India. The news had poeigeie arts—was held at Auburn yester- | oregted great sensation in England. Such a Gay. Addresses explanatory o! the objects of the | course would in fact be politic in one sense, and eollege were made by Horace Greeley, Wil'sam H. Beward, and oth The next meeting will be held wm Syracuse, three months hence. ‘The managers of the New York S$ eiety bave decided on grand exhi w A!beny, on the 10th and Lith of Jarge premium list was ado imvired from all parts of the « The steamboat Robert Martin, Ubarleston ad Cheraw,S.C., cently, killing and wounding ten pe Yesterday morning the steamboat B. Fal) River; for this city, daring a dens: ner Isands, came in contact with Capt. Dewey, of Greeaport, L. I, fr voand to Apponaug, laden with coal. The sloop entirely consistent with the known character s of the Czar. readers have now before them the lead- ts of the intelligence received last even- \g—Intelligence more important, probably, than hee been sent over the telegraph wires svolution of 1848, Should it as there is little doubt it will— s will stand in the position of a d intende to set not only in a blaze of war. It is te on the extent to the stu- it is since the Fr plyiog rei her boiler be confirm reach, 6 Woediately eunk—the steamboat receiv! u jujary. The tain and mate of the sloop w \ Q i picked up, t wo me ising the c: I drowned, although on was m2 € them. To the negle-t e sloop | iy ii te show Nigh D5 attributed t I oni bi abi Hoot be! aa 1 by Lord Aberdeen at the 1 W. « e € y rs : Lor anqs thaths morrow. Aa Fogger ie b The corner stone of the new Jews’ a ne wane Up 1 fairly ro down ait ect, on’s in- Twenty-cighth street, between Seven’ oo t n’e in avenues, was laid y:sterdey, in presence of « urge | tentions have not heen made known. Rumors, eORCcuINe Oo! epectators. however. were freely circulated in Parje to the Charles Edwar! Wedemiyre, the commissioner | and principal superintendent of the Germon depart | was on Wednesday de- | The Mont man Guard, of the Eleventh, and the | effect that 25,000 men were awaiting despatches from General D’Hilliers, to set sail for Constan- tinople. What they were to do there is not ex- | Plained. The interests of both France and Eng- , land have all along hitherto dictated a neutral attitude; it remains to be seen whether Rus- sian ambition or French love of martial glory will compel them to abandon it and to unsheath the sword. | Pronunciamento of tne Cabliet on the Movement tn New York. The article from the Washington Union, which we republish elsewhere, merits, from its rational tone and appearance of fairaess, more serious notice than we are accustomed to be- stow on the lucubrations which see the light in the Cabinet newspaper. To many of the state- ments it contains we must demur; but there are others, again, whose truth cannot be ques- | tioned. Such, for instance. is the delineation of the designs entertained by the Union party in this State. The Union has described them with perfect acenracy. In its owa words, “they come forward with an open demand that the policy of the administration shall be repudiated and contemned by the national democracy.” This demand may or may not be “ arrogant,” as the Union calls it—but it is made, and made deliberately and emphatically, by one hundred thousand citizens of New York. The alterna- tive proposed to the President is even plainer and more straightforward than the Union de- scribes it. It rests with him now to decide whether the “bolt” shall ripen into a revolu- tion, or not. The whole question hinges on the dismissal of the Cabinet. The movement has gone too far to be stopped by any influence whatever. No administration could check the growth of the new party of which the Dickin- son democracy is the nucleus. But it rests en- tirely with President Pierce to say whether this party shall oppose his administration or not. Ifhe persists in retaining his Cabinet in power, it will take open ground agaiost him, and then the gloomy forebodings of the Union, with respect to the election of 1856, and the fature of the party for which it speaks, will be fully realized. If, on the con- trary, he acts with nerve and decision, and reso- lutely determines to carry out the principles on which he was elected, ia spite of his advisers, it will rally gleefully around his banner, and the picture drawn by the government news- paper will be reversed. The Union is right, also, in stating that the “scheme,” as it calls the purpose of the na- tional party, “ originated as soon as the Cabinet was formed.”’ There can be no doubt of the fact. The selection of the Cabinet was the first violation of the pledges contained in the inaugural and the principles on which Pierce was elected; and the vindication of these broken pledges and outraged princi- ples followed immediately after. On the day on which it was known that Marcy, Jeffer- son Davis, and Guthrie formed part of the Cabi- net, good men began to “scheme” to rescue the country from the impending danger. But these instances of accuracy on the part of the Union are counterbalanced by serious misstatements. It is not true that the national party “ has concealed its real designs.” There has been no attempt at concealment from the beginning—no desire or necessity for anything of the kind. Every movement of the seceders has been open and above board. They de- nounced the free soil course of the administra- tion, and the corrupt principles on which it dis- tributed the spoils, as soon as ever they were manifested. Organizing themselves at once into a party on this platform, they gave due no- tice to the President that they would offer him the alternative of dismissing his Cabinet aud reversing their policy, or meeting a great na- tional party, composed of friends of the Union from all parts of the country, which would wage relentless war against him. They are now steadily pursuing that course. Where has been the concealment ? It is equally erroneous to suppose that the course pursued by the new party will have the effect of ‘securing a permanent triumph to | Sewardism.” The very reverse will be the j case. The organization of a new party, which shall be the embodiment of the Union prin- ciple, will be the surest method of extirpating Sewardism once and forever. There are many men in the North who are ready enough to weep over the sorrows of the negro, and give a tacit support to abolition. so long as it promises to bear no practical fruits; but let the question be fairly laid before them, whether they will support the Constitution or run the risk of a dissolution of the Union, with its necessary se- quel of commercial and financial disasters, war, and endless trouble, and therewill be very few found to espouse the latter side. Now, the erec- tion of this new party will bring the question to the test ; and so confident are we of the re- sult, that we have no doubt Seward will be overwhelmed, even before 1856. 3 The Washington Union may beguile its leisure moments by asserting that the United States democracy will sustain the administration against the Union men of New York. But we must be allowed, in the first place, to give thede- mocrats in our sist®r States credit for more in- dependence that such a course would suppose. We don’t think they would pin their faith to the skirts of any Cabinet whose course they could not conscientiously approve. And when they see the principles on which the men of New York are organizing, and compare them with the spoils doctrine and the constructive treason which form the groundwork of the ad- ministration policy, we cannot doubt for a mo- ment that they will obey the honest dictates of their hearts, and cordially join the ranks of the national party. The Union calls the movement an “outra- geous one.” Had we thought that strong epithets could have aided the cause, we should have constantly designated the Cabinet policy as © outrageous;” for assuredly a greater outrage on the sense of the community at large, and the feelings of the party which placed its authors in power, was never . perpetrated. But we have dealt in matters of fact, and eschewed adjectives. The Union will perhaps find that a similar policy would be more effective than a resort to violent language. The Union is shocked at the injustice of opening the campaign before the President has had an opportunity of delivering bis first mes- sage. But how unreasonable is this imputa- tion! The message, we doubt not, will be a very excellent, plausible paper. It will con- tain sound expositions of principle, and practi- cal suggestions of great value. But so did the inaugural; and what fruits has it brought forth? The selection of the Cabinet was a practical vio- lation of its tenor—their policy has been a sys tematic refutation of its doctrine. So far as the real government of this country has been con- cerned, the inaugural might ae well have been an ardent defence of free soiliem, and o lucid J Bonernxa Ur or Bat exposition of the spoils theory. The past. po- licy of the Cabinet has given it the lie direct. What reason have we to expect that their fu- ture policy will be in closer accordance with the message? On the whole, this article from the Union is the first practical proof we have had that the Cabinet is beginning to feel serious misgivings and a strong sense of alarm about the security of its position. It will find stronger rea- sons for dread when Congress meets, aud a large section ofthat honorable body declares in unequivocal language its detestation of the po- licy Marcy and his colleagues are pursuing, and its lively sympathy for the cause of the New York national party. Then, even more than now, we doubt not that the President would be glad to get rid of his administration. If he has the moral courage to take the step, opportunities will not be wanting. The choice will be fairly offered him; and time alone can show whether he possesses the nerve and courage of Jackson, or the weakness of Taylor. The former, in the same position, would soon have extricated him- self from the difficulty; the latter sank under it, and died a victim, not so much to the malaria of Washington as to the poisonous moral atmosphere with which he was sur- rounded. Important ForeiGn Misstons Estasiisiep.— During the last few months we have made pre- parations for the establishment of several for- eign missions in connection with the Heratp establishment, for the purpose of collecting in- telligence from foreign parts for the use of our columns here, and also for the dissemination of correct American intelligence in distant coun- tries. We have already established a mission to Ch.na, and appointed a plenipotentiary there who will probably be more efficient in his ser- vices than even the minister who has been ap- pointed by the present Cabinet on the same sort of mission. The plenipotentiary of the Heratp stablishment in China has instructions embrac- ing not only the great empire of China, but also the island of Japan and its dependencies, with all that part of the world, during the extraor- dinary events which are now transpiring in that direction. He Will probably proceed to the in- terior of China, and as soon as the present revo- lution shall have terminated, he will endeavor to procure intelligence of all kinds relative to the probable establishment of railroads, steam- boats, telegraphs, and Chinese daily journals, on the American plan, in that empire of four hun- dred millions of intelligent people. We consider the revolution in China, embracing a popula- tion of nearly half the human race, as a matter of far more importance than even a revolution iu Europe. The Chinese seem to be more tractable, more intelligent, more docile, more manageable, and more capable of understand- ing a government similar, or somewhat simMar, to that of the United States, than even the peo- ple of Europe, as now constituted. The intelli- gence on all these points to be procured by our plenipotentiary to China will be of vast use to American enterprise and to American skill, in relation to all the improvements of the age. The next mission which we are about estab- lishing is that to Europe. Its head quarters will be in Paris. We shall probably make the city of Paris the central point of that mission, with ramifications to all the important points throughout Europe. but particularly communi- cating with the present seat of war in the Turkish dominions, in such a way as to procure the best and most authentic intelligence of the events which are now taking~place in that re- gion. We have no doubt that our mission to Europe, fixed at Paris as a central point, will be of more utility to the American public than even the mission on which Mr. Mason has beon sent by the present Cabinet at Washing- ton. It is probable, also, that during six months of the year—sometimes in winter, and sometimes in summer—we shall visit Paris, re- siding the remainder of the time in New York, thus making New York and Paris alternately our residence, in order to superintend and ma- nage with efficiency the circulation of correct American intelligence in Europe, and the most accurate European intelligence in this country. With these realities before us, how absurd it seems that any of our cotemporaries shonld imagine that we care for the Cabinet, or for any of the favors which they can bestow, in the way of foreign missions! We can send ourselves on a foreign mission far more agreeable, far more practicable, far more important, than any in the gift of the Cabinet at Washington. Yet it seems that many of our cotemporaries think it was a most extraordinary piece of insolence or impudence in us to aspire to any foreign ap- pointment, like that of the French or other foreign mission. We confess to such impudence and such aspirations. In our youth we were taught by a Catholic padre to aspire to a seat in heaven ona level with the prophets, apos- tles, and martyrs of ancient times. We were educated in the highest Christian aspiration¢as to the future life. The aspirations to a foreign mission, under the control of the present Cabi- net, is.asmall part, in comparison with what we can reach to and enjoy, by our own efforts, either here or hereafter. Joun Mircnes’s Lire.—tIn another part of this day’s paper, we publish a sketch of the life and times of John Mitchel, with some extracts from his writings and speeches. which will be read with more than ordinary interest now that le is expected every moment to arrive in this city. It will be seen from his memoir that he isa very remarkable man. In many respects he was distinguished trom his associates. He was the boldest of them all, and believed in the charm of out-spoken truth, On the land ques- tion he was peculiarly at home, and wrote with extraordinary power. His style is simple and direet, but marked with extreme vigor. He was the first apostle of republicanism in Ireland in the present generation, and the first to offer himself a sacrifice for its principles. He was far ahead of his time. and by his ability, his daring, and the force of his character, carried with him many men against their own convic- tions. Here there will not be the same scope for his peculiar genius. But he will be wel- comed by all classes of citizens, and find in this country a happy home, if he is true to himself, and keeps aloof from politicians, ’s Newspaper Ex- TERPRISE.—Barnum’s famous newspaper enter- prise, called the I//ustrated News, is burst up at last. It is merged with another paper, hay- ing been sold out by Barnum and his associates. Barnum says in his valedictory that he has not lost forty thousand dollars by the operation. Barnum has not accompanied this with an affidavit ; bnt when he makes a solemn decla- ration that he has not lost forty thousand dol- lars by any enterprise, people generally put their fingers to their nose, and believe just the contrary. Mr. Dix and the Sub Treasury. The President, we are told, intends to devote a large portion of his message to the sub-trea- sury system. It will not be the only disserta- tion on the subject that the public have had of late. Mr. Dix, of whom the world has heard very little since he. wrote that ingenious but unsuecessful letter to Georgia, made a fresh début in the recent election, in the part of apo- logist and encomiast of the sub-treasury sys- tem. According to bim, it is the perfection of human wisdom—the climax of financial inge- nuity. If we strip his statements of verbiage, we thall find that his affection for the sub-trea- sury rests on three grounds. First, it enables the government to hoard up coin ; secondly, it imposes a salutary check on trade in times of undue expansion; and thirdly, it enables the government to redeem its securities, and by so doing to relieve the embarrassments of the com- mercial world. Now, these may seem to Mr. Dix to be sources of heartfelt congratulation ; but they present themselves to our mind ina very dif- ferent light. Weare living in the impression— delusion, Mr. Dix would say—that the policy of hoarding up coin, whether in a hole in one’s cellar or in a Treasury vault, was exploded long since. It was quite the thing some half. dozen centuries ago, when misers dug pite in their garden for the purpose, and raved and tore their hair when the young reprobate next door discovered the deposit and helped himsel? toashare. Nor was it a very heinous crime when poets styled interest “accursed usury,” and Shylock was hissed for exacting his six per cent. But, with all deference to Mr. Dix be it said, that age has past. The hole-in-the-garden system has been abandoned. Men are not the less esteemed to-day because they invest money on interest. In fact—we would not be brusque with Mr. Dix—a man whe would refuse to do so would be mercilessly laughed at. He would be regarded as a narrow-minded sim- pleton. Nay, more—he would be despised as a man who deprives society at large of an element of progress. Mr. Dix him- self would join in scouting him. And yet it is this very conduct in the State which seems to him so laudable. The United States sub-treasury subtracts twenty or thir- ty millions in coin from the business of the country; and for all practical purposes, makes away with it—buries it in a hole—so that no one reaps any benefit from its existence. Such an actin an individual would stigmatize him asa wretched miser. In the government, Mr. Dix calls it wisdom! ~ Again: We are told that the indirect action of the sub-treasury system in checking or stim- ulating trade, is a source of gratification. May we ask what business the sub-treasury has to interfere with trade at all? Isit any part of Mr. Guthrie’s duty to regulate the commerce of New York? Was his office created for the purpose of controlling trade, or was it merely intended to collect and disburse the govern- ment revenue? Mr. Dix may answer these questions at his leisure. For our own part we cannot see what better right the sub-treasury bas tointerfere with trade than it has to med- dle with the business of the courts or the pro- fession of surgery. The’ tyranny of such a course would be equally obvious to whichever of the three it was applied. Merchants are as well able, as lawyers or doctors to take care ot themselves without the fatherly care of Mr. Dix; and when the sub-treasury—as we are free to admit it does at present—avails itself of its influence either to check or to stimulate speculation, it oversteps its natural limits, and manifestly violates the liberties of a large class of citizens. This may appear incomprehensible toMr. Dix, who regards periods of expansion and contraction es extraordinary phenomena in mercantile history. to be carefully guarded against and prevented; but as the bulk of our readers know well enongh that these oscilla- tions between confidence and mistrust are the natural course of trade—that every era of mercantile activity must be fol- lowed by a corresponding reaction, and that, though individuals suffer, so- ciety at large gains as much by the latter as the former—it will hardly be necessary to enter into an argument to prove how unnecessary as well as impertinent is the controling power now exercised by the United States sub-trea- sury. Mr. Dix thinks it excellent; we regard it as equally arbitrary and unnatural. Unnatural is, in fact, the only fit epithet for the whole system, as at present developed. It is unnatural and improper that the people of this country should be taxed for a larger amount than is required to support the government. No government has aright to raise more money than it needs, Where it does, it violates its du- ty to the people, and nurses seeds of corruption in its own breast. The government of the Uni- ted States is precisely in that position at pre- sent. To extricate itself, the first proceeding must obviously be a reduction of our taxes—its sources of revenue. The tarlff must be cut down and adjusted, so that no moré money shall be extracted out of our pockets than the support of the government requires. This pro- cess must be repeated whenever the receipts from the customs shall exceed the required con- tingent for the public service. This done, means must be devised for employing the pub- lic moneys in sucha way that they shall nei ther lie fruitlessly idle, nor place in the hands of the Treasury a tyrannical influence over the mercantile community. Some system of inter- na) exchange and currency must be invented and established on the basis of the public funds Not a bank. whose constitutionality has been so long a matter of controversy, and the erection of which would again plunge the country into endless and harassing disputes, but some analo- gous scheme, established undor special restric- tions by a financial act of Congress, and by which the credit and revenue of the govern- ment could be used as a general medium of currency or exchange throughout the country. By this means, or some other of a like nature, the public funds might be so used as to facilitate commercial and social inter- couree between the States, instead of serving, as they now do, to deprive the country of the use of a couple of score of millions every year, and investing the Treasury Department with a most iniquitous engine of oppression. It would be premature to enter,into details as yet; but one can sec at a glance how great would be the benefits of such a scheme as this, fairly and honestly carried out. At present, the provision in the constitution Which pro- hibits the issue of bills by the various States of the Union is evaded by grants of charters to State banks; the States thus delegating to others powers which they are themselves de- barred from exercising. The consequence is that the country is flooded with bank notes, very few of which enjoy anything more than local circulation, and many of which can only be received, even in their own State, with con- siderable caution. No prudent man ventures todo business to-day without a regular bank note detector, periodically corrected, at his el- bow. And even with the utmost pradence, we all know how often we hear of bank failures, involving ruin to depositors and bill holders. If the United States Treasury were to adopt such a scheme as we suggest, and issne trea- sury bills for amounts ranging from $5 te $1,000, there can be very little doubt that they would soon supersede the present bank notes i the ordinary transactions of commerce, and that a vast benefit would thus be conferred om the country. The puclic funds would be use- fully employed, trade would be freed from the impertinent interference of the sub-treasury, and merchants doing business in several States would be provided with a safe, reliable and universal medium of exchange. Such a system would, finally, be far more consistent with the spirit and meaning of the constitution than the present licensed violation of its tenor by the chartered State banks. These remarks are intended for the public, and not for Mr. Dix. The latter will find more congenial employment in puffing the sub-trea- sury system than in discussing questions of fi- nance. Aman may doubtless: live respected, and die in odour of sanctity, without under- standing the principles of trade or the laws go- verning currency and exchange; and Mr. Dix is not, therefore, so much to be pitied. He might even have contrived to make a passable Minister to France. But—we warn him in time —no man of narrow mind and contracted no- tions ought to aspire to the post of Secretary of the Treasury. Political Inteiligence. NATIONAL DEMOCRATS IN THE SENATE. We are informed that the Hon. Jesse D. Bright, of Indi- ana, and the two Senators fromVirginia—James M. Mason. and R. M. T. Hunter—will come out in opposition to the- free soil proc ivities of the spoils Cabloet at Wash- ingtop. SPEAKER AND OFFICERS OF THE ASSEMBLY. The most prominent whig candidates for Speaker of the next House of Representatives of this State, are D. C, Littlejohn, of Oswego, and Robert H. Pruyn, of Albany. For the Clerkehip we notice tie names of Lewis Bene-. dict, Jr.,and Hogh J. Hastings, W. 8. fs ag' J of thin city, appeara to occupy the front rank among the candi- dates for Sergeant-at Arms, THE NEXT PRESIBENCY. A number of individuals have already been ‘mentioned as candidates for the Presid:ncy in 1856. The Washing- ton Union recommends Franklin Pierce; a whig journal in Faston, Pa., has nominated Millard Fillmore; John P. Hale has been recommended a by the free soil de- mocracy of Chardon, Ohio; Dancaa Ingraham is spoken of by # Philadelphia paper; Thomas H. Benton is talked of in Missouri as a proper candidate; and Abbott Lawrence has been put forward by some of the whigs ef Massachusetts; but Edward Everett at present stands the most prominent. Collision on the East River. A SLOOP SUNK BY THE BAY STATE—TWO LIVES LOST. Yesterday morning. about 3 o'clock, as the steamer Bay State was on her way from Fall River to this city, she came in contact with s sloop, called the Syiph, and suvk her almost instantly. The accident occurred when off Faulkner Islands, and was owing entirely to the dense fog, which prevented the sloop being seen till she was struck by the bows of the Bteamer. The sloop Sylph was commanded by Captain Dewey, hailed from Greenport, Long Island, and at} the time of this accident was loaded deep with coal, and was on a yoysge from Rondout to Appanaug. The steamer struck the sloop amidships, keeliog her over and staying her in, so that she immediately went to. the bottom. The crew of the sloop, four in namber, were thrown cverboard by the violence of the collision, and pasted under the Bay State ‘There was immediately great excitement on board the steamer, for it was not known what damage the might have sustained. Upon examination, however, it was found to be trifling, some of her bow timbers only being lightly injured. Every effort was immediately made to. . rave the drowning men. ‘The steamer hove too, and life preservers, planks, &e., were thrown overboard, tor those in the water to cling to. The small boats of the Bay State were immediately launched, and after rome time. succeeded in picking up alire Captain Dewey, and ti mate, John W. Adams, of Orient, Long Isliod. The steamer lay stillfor about two hours, while the boate ‘alled in sll direction: in search of the other two men, Sut their rearch was fruitless, Those lost were Mark Dra years, of Sharon, Connecticut : eighteen years, of Liverpool, England. Nei lost had families After the search had been given up for the missing daenswed her course, every at- tention was shown to tie‘half Crowned men, by thoe on board. A collestion for tha benefiyef the wrecked men ‘was taken up among the pawongers, y Which.s good gum was ccllected fcr them. steamer Wasycoing at her ged about twenty-four rael Kelsey, colored, aged ither ot ‘those mep, and the steamer ueual speed, with her signal kvutathoisted, bat the sloop: had no lights up, as the castain“Bttatel? seys. If this ution against collirio ach ngage by those on rd the sloop, the acciden might ‘Probaly bave been. avoided. Personal Ine’ CEs Fons, Jobp G. Miller, David & Atchigog, and Hadly D. Johnson, delegate from Nobiska, (éAYB the St. Louis ‘Democrat of toe 19th inst .) nreTndhe city, and on thelr way to Washington. We as well agthe wajority of our contemporarier, had fal.en ino the error that it was the Rev. Thomas Johnson, (who was also a candidate,) had deen elected to represent Nebraska. Schenck Ohio; Commodore Stockton, steamer Prince- ton: W.G. Alexander, Philadelphia; J, Phillips, Wash- ington, D. C.; A. H. Seward, Philadelphia; E. P. Williams, Buffalo; Hon. C, Morgan, Albany; J. M.'Cox, Maxsachu- setts; 1. Wells, Richmond; 8. A. Pratt, Louisville; ©. A. Spring, Chicago; J. Richardson, Chicago; 8. Damebey, ‘Troy; 'N. Knapp, Washington, D.'C.; @, H. Nichols, Al” bany—arrived yesterday at the Aster House. Hon, James Ogden, N. C.; Joha Barney, R. I.; J. Fink, U.S. N.; Rev. George Williams,’ Boston; A. F; Washington, Pittsburg. Major stark, U. 8, A.; 1. Hl. Gro- rer Philadelphia—arrived yesterday at the Prescott louse ARRIVALS. From Southampton and Bremen in the steamship Washing- ton—-Cape Shapnell, lady seven children nurse and two vants, A Weckbecker, Anil rer Y Messrs Colby, W Ellisond, W Cook. E Mer cher, Mr Pentonrieter, Mr Yates and indy, Mr child, Miss Knell, Miss H Lyon, Mics 8 Richards, Isano Levy ard M sone, Mr Bottomley, Mr Step! , Mrs Beohot, Mrs 8 Lap Hozhalb, Indy and infant, two Mise Brogli, Mr Koehler, Kieh- ber, Strabermuller, M Ossaye and lady, Mrs Kaufmann and fur children, Mi Strauss, Mrs L Wilde, Miss Emma, Wilde. C Ladd, Mr Christ, Mrs U E Dieifenbacher and child, J de Stnbi Miss J Ernst, Mr Schomburg. J N Schalck, F de Vermy, i Streckel, H Krause, lady and child, L Hoyer & indy w erdoun, Miss A Hintze, F . lade and two chil- ‘Mandé.baum, Sohottik, be and lady, Mra M Miso S Tourney, Miss ‘A Tourney, L Tourney, Mr Bavies, lady and child W Jerusalom, W Jandus, indy, child add tvo servants, Mr H Wi o, indy ond to sbildren, Hr Souge, Mr E Rising, Dr Dreis, G is. re, J F Broders. T Klemm, J Techuoymr, G Von Berge, J nevus, J Kauffmann, M Thur- nauer, 8 Protrfelder, J fronkenthall, Mrs DJ C Bock and Miss FMC Lange, Mrs Stadlemair, Mr Knorr, Mr Grorschupf. W Buchheister, Miss W Buchbeister, Mise A Buchheister, Mr a Kesostein M Humstgck, Misa 3) Weeds, Mr Hnlseman, WL Lehmann, F Minuice: Reimers, J’ MeDonald, shee. Lasko 0 ‘nell, lady and . Howell, B dlowell, ie Burt and Indy, § Pare ‘apt Hull, lady and daugh~ Mathey, Me Sreause, Me it dren, Tourney, ip Bonjamin Fran! je, H Shaube, Jas Ri mitiary to Bsa, and From Angosturs, rig Gain ir E Mey From Detiarara; in Mosteruma it W Merchant, F Earley, 7 tan ciudad Bolivar, in sche Sullivan—C E Wood, Wm, Wood, W J Creigor, eo evant, of Yo Mi DEPARTURES, For Eiverp2eh, In stoamehip America, Griffith, Messre Vi t Asari Jas of Boston; A Adam W Stainley, J Mr Trist, vom fcrton—Mre ton, Mark Peo rd Mayer, ¥ Ferra Dr and Miss Cottman; joyce, of Mar Grov of Lovieia ft Vt; _ if Parkinson. of Roxbu: aN Dr Deerae, CW Smith, Hf. G. Bane, er, 88 Taylor, Mr Aikman. Wm Slack RG Barnes, R Blackwood, Wm adam Courtis, AM Ne La Tors HS Lobel, and — Belui, of Fri L, Rains, of Baltimore; J P S.llivan, of Caldornia; 3 P Jewett, of Vermont: C Townley, of Wisconain; J Scott and. lady, of Albany: D Symons aud lady, J Carter, Rev Hub- hovise, J P Bicknell, of land: G. Lattimer, of Porto Rico; 'T A Park, West Ind: Gioun, of Ireland; Mr Abo, of Spain, A Hazan, of Pr Fi For Charl in the South Higgins, lady and family, Mise Campbell, PLAb ty Lyons, kW McCormick, Mrs Cone, Chester Hair, LA *, A Ravonscioft, ET Smith, John Oakley, W A Shepard, James Fountain and lady, C Riley, M Raball, and 10) in steerage. s Brooklyn City Intelligence. Dep in a hirr An m4 named Syicer, who resided in Sackett street, bslow Columbia, was di on the floor, dead, yesterday morning, by. of the Third district police. She had fi some time past, her husband having saile and her two cons for Australia. She was in gocd c stances. The cause of her death, it in supposed, wae congestion of the lungs. ‘The boa, rem@ined last even ing in the same porition in which it was frst discovered, a8 the Coroner could not be found. Without his autho- rity the police did not deem themselves warranted in removing it. DROWNED IN A CreTERN.—A_ amall named Bernard Flinn, whose parents reside in Bullet street, between Hoyt and Bond, accidentally fell into a cistern near the house, and before ald cou be rendered. was drowned. Bis body wae taken out by George Quin,