The New York Herald Newspaper, November 25, 1853, Page 2

MEMOIR. OF JOHN MITCHEL. HIS LIFE AND TIMES. His Speeches and Writings, &e., Ke, de. One of the most remarkable men Ireland ever produce}, and certainly the most di:tiaguished and widely kaowa of her sons for the last balf century, Daniel O'Connell excepted, is the subject of the present memoir; who is now on his way from San Francisco to New York, ead ay arrive at any moment HIS PERSONAL APPEARANCE, CAREER. The writer of this memoir has a distinct recolle:tion of his personal appearance between five and six years ago. He is @ little above the medium height, rather sleader than otherwise, but well formed, agile and active im his movements. He is of fair complexion ant pale fase, with a slight tinge of red. His chroks somewhat hollow, and the cheek bones slightly el: vated. His hair is brown and his eyes blue, not large, but quick and piercing. His per- fon, on the whole, was at that time decidedly handsome. He struck the observer as suffering from delicacy of health, which was the fact. He was subject to an asth- matic affection, and it is said that the climate ef Aus- tralia has agreed with bis health. His physiogtomy is highly intellectual. He is not of an excitable tempera- ment; on the contrary he is cool, even amidst the most exci- ting scenes. There isa calm determination and dignity about his thim lips and finely knit brows. Altogether he looks what he is, In his manners he is very gentlemanly, quiet, ‘unostentatious, and rather reserved with strangers. Ia the society of intimate friends he occasionally lights up with enthusiasm when congenial topics are introduesd. Then, agsin, he is sometimes taciturn and thoughtfal, and an expression of sadness shades his countenance. 0a the whole, he talks but littie, He iss man of action ra- ther than of words. Even in public he has made very few speeches, though what he did make were of the finest description, and exhibited the same power as his writ- ings, which were numerous. They wereshort, sharp, and decisive, like the ring of a rifle His accent is very musi- cal, and his delivery clear and distinct. His accion is graceful and appropriate, though as devoid of all exagge ration as his words are of rant. In character up-ight, he was a man of truth and anenemy of all humbug. He was unquestionably the master spirit of the Iriah revolu- tionary movement of 1848, aud by far the greatest intel- lect and ablest writer of the time. He is admitted om all hands to have been the most daugerous enemy of the Bri. tish government, and chey uccordingly singled him out as the first victim. John Mitchel was born in 1814, at Dungiven, in the county of Londonderry, & village not far from Newtown- limavady. He is now, therefore, tiirty-nine years of age. His father, a Presbyterian clergymac, removed to Newry in John’s boyhood, and there the youth was “brought up. Newry is situated im the county of Down, almost on the boundary lice between the provinces of Ulster and Leinster, and is therefore called “the froatier town of theNorth.”” It is, however, in Ulster, and con sequently John Mitchel was bota bora and reared a north- ern Irishman, His father is long since dead, His ‘vene- rable mother, his brother. and two of his sisters, are re- Giding in the vicinity of this city, His father was always # realoua ‘riend of religious freedom and political equali ty, and had been @ United lishman and republican ia 1798, whea—under the ieadersbip of Wolfe Tone, whose opirit, after the lapse of hail a century, seems to have de- seended on John Mitchel—ax effort was mads to throw off | the English yoke and mate Ireland a republic, His mother | had seen Tone in the city of Londonderry, when, after the | French fleet that had come with assirtance to [reland had been scattered by a storm, he was captured ofl the coast: | in the Hoche, which had beea surreunded by four sail of the live and a frigate, and reduced to a dismantled wreck, after: six hours desperate tighing. No doun ths story of Tune had its effect upon the youthful miad of her eldest ecn, His father descended from a family of the Scottixh Bor der, driven to Ireland for political offences agaiast Kaz- land, wass highly respected minister of the Unitarian creed, in which John was educated, and was brliever— | ad which also kad its infiuenos upon his political opin- fons, the Unitariars being ay remarkable for their liberal {ty im polities as for their toleration in matters of reli gion. Constituting but a small proportion of the Protest ‘ants of Ulster, and holding in regard to the doctrine of the Trinity tenets at variance with the faith not only of the Presbyterians, but of the Episcopalians, Catholics, Baptists, Independents, Methodists, and all other Christ an sects, the Unitarians were, for the most part, excluded from the pele cf christianity, and salvation itself, by the other denominations, and particularly by “the Orthodox” fol lowers of John Knox. They were consequently persecuted in & social point of view, in « country where religious ran or ard intolerance have alway? prevailed,to an extent that | ‘would seem incredible in the United States, where » maa’s creed is rarely made » subject of inquiry by his neighbors. In Ireland religion has been the great bone of contention, and piety in the followers of each sect seems to have con sisted in the intexisity with which they hated tho Chris- tians of every other denomination. This persecution and obloquy have been shared most largely by the Usitarians ‘and seems to have had the eifect of making them liberal in their political sentiments Certain it is they have gea- erally been found enlisted on the side of freedon ia every Irish striggle. ’ The population of Ulster are the best educated the most enlightened, the most comfortable in their circumstances, the most sturdy and sterling in the country—difleriog from the inhabitants of the other provinces not only in their accent, which partakes strongly of the Scotch dia- lect, but ir their physical appearance, and in tho-e men- tal qualities which distinguish the people of Scoiland, whoxe blood flows #0 copiously in the veins of Northern Irishmen. Belfast, the oapital of Ulster, which is more FAMILY, AND EARLY pecplle to fight, but to quietly submit y thé blow by arveating ('Conne |, his son John, the Notion, two Catholic clergymen, and fou charge of conspiracy to effect repr: disappcinted and dirsatised that O Connell did not make good whaty he threatened at Mallow the other cefendants, anc found guilty, but the jury being Sacked, ou appe:l to the Honve of Lovds the prisoners | were releared. ed map sion to physical force exce pt to cordemn ed up meral force as the only Inwf land Coristicn means | of obtaining political amelioration the enemy. O'Connell was all for peace oceasion n which O'Coonell’s opinioas verted aboveboarc, were bis refusal of French eon- tributions, because they came from rep.blicaay, and his acceptence of contributions from Amerios, under pro who are fclewdly to the mational cause, and who despise bullying end abhor murder, should say ao. My dear rir, fai bfally yours, (Caartes Gavan Derry, Esq. JON MITCHEL, THE REPEAL MOVEMENT AND O'CONNELL. ‘The repea! association bad beso established in 1340 © Connell was its great leader. Ita ostensible object when started, was to accomplish s repeal of the Legislative Union detween Great Britain and Ireland, which was effected in the year 1800. The movement did not make much progress till 1843, the year of the mouster meeting when it obtained ite highest poia’, The Dublin Nation weekly paper, started by Charles Gavan Daily, # Catholic, geve a powerful impetus to the cause, Thomas Davis, & Trotestant, and late a student of Trinity College, was ite chief writer; a wan of greet cultivation and power of writing, and who labored strenuously to uaite Protestants | and Catholics, This journal ecmbined among its regular writers and occasioval contributors, am array of talent that was very remarkable. Its poetry and prose were both of a high order. The youth of the Dablio (uiversity * were cnlisted im the cause, and some of the most effective picoes were written by ladies, one of them the daugh'er of a Protestant Clergyman. The bold writings of thia journal attracted the attention of parliament, ani the Loudon Quarterly Review, the great organ o' the tory party. The reviewer compared the songs, which had now been collected into a volume, to the war tons of Tyrteus and Beranger, and expressed the greatest alarm at the effect they were likely to produce. Que of these songs, written by a Fellow of Trinity College, and afterwards made part of the indictment ia the State trisls, called forth more than ordinary animadversion. The first stanza war Who fears to speak of '98? Who blushes at the name? When cowards mock the patriot’s fata, Who hangs bi; head for shamot This was the great Repeal year. The coutr.bation\ of money from all quarters amountéd to $240,000, Large sums of money were sent over from this country, and the Trish movement was discussed in the German aa Freeh yapers. Vast assemblages of the people were held, such 88 were never witness in the island defore, or in any other country, for political purposes. There were forty- six open-air monster meetings, at which the numbers were from one hundred thonsand up to five hundred thcusand, and the meeting at C are numbared seven hun- dred thousand, Tara seven hundred and fifty thoasani At all these meetings 0’ Jor nell counsellad peace for the present and a rigid observance of the law. ne of his great maxim was, ‘He that commits a crime gives strength to the enemy.” But on almost every occasion he hinted at some future crisis when the services of the people might be wanted in battle line, and he asked tho multitude would they nvt come together again whea he wanted them? At one of these meetings, held at Mallow on the 11th of June, 1813, in reply to s threst of coercion from Sir Robert Peel, he hurled his dedance at the go vernment, and said they should walk over his dead body rather than that he should yield to foree. Again and again be told the waltitudes he addreseed, that they were the finest peassniry in the world—that the etalworth mea he saw before him were superior in physical aireng h to Englishmen or Ssotchmen—as was adinittod by B-itish writers—tbat he then and thee beheld a force ‘than the allied armies at Waterloo—a force satii organized into snarmy, to conquer all Europe. Duriag all this time he did not discourage or say one word against the warlike tone of the articles of tha Nation, more warlike by far than they were two or three years afterwards, when be assailed it as teadi. the people to insurrection. at #1 period * The Green Book’’ was published—a werk, by J. 0. O'Callaghan, of the | most murtial tendency. The writer showed, from au thentic records, the prowess and bravery of the Irish in the field. He proved that they never succumbid to the British unless greatly outuumbere!, and not always even then; that Voltaire’s saying that the Iris, though they always fought well abroad tought badly st hems, was not found+< ip fact; ang fically, that two-thirds of the Bri- tish army and navy consisted of [rishmen. There can be no better evidence of the spirit of O'Uoaneli’s proceed- ings at tbat time, than the ‘act that he movud @ resola- tion in the Repeal Association stamping teis book with his approbation. At these mectings, nut only O'Conaell, but the other speakers, and ‘particularly the Uatholi> clergy, spoke in language that certainly coutemplated war in the event of the rights of Delant beimg de pied to the prsceful demands of the people To esp the chmax at Mullaghioast, where was nald | the last of the monster maetings aad where wer) assemn- bled four bun¢red thonsamd persons, “the uacrowaed movarch” was solemnly crowned with a national cap— ee and geld—made for tue occasio:. It waa placed on is heso by Hogan the sculptor, who said he regre ted that it was rot gold, This was om Sunday the first of October. PROSKCUTION OF O'CONNELL AND HIS RETREAT—WIL- LIAM *MITM O'BRIEN, @n Sunéay, the Sth of October. a grest meeting was announced to take place—the last which was to bo for the year, and the last forever. It was to take place at Clontarf, near Dublia, where Brian Boru King of Ireland, the ancestor of Win. Smita U'Brien deteated the Danes in a great pitched battle, and d-ove them out of the couvtry,at the very time :het the Eaglish were unab’e te drive the same rac: out of England. The go- vernment,which bad been for some time in x -tare of alarm, Bow thought it bigh time to act with vigor. Toe Lord Lieutenant issued @ proclamation prohibiting the mat ing. (Connell alvo issued a proclamation, not to tell the Tye troops nex: occupied ibe ground. The governas.t foliowed up Datly of ers, On Tas people wore Ho was tried with But O'Connell came out of prion aa »lier- Bis spirit was broten. Ts ve vas no no allu- ‘and he preash- He condemned the Nation fowits warlike tone, aud called tts writars iofidels, because ther were in favor of colleges for the education of the middle class, on the basis of the netioual schools, without rega:d to sect or creed. He thus na rowed the arsociation to aw dices of the Catholic YOUNG IRELAND AND OLD IRE! The section of tbe par'y bnowo as “Yo: wers opposed to a] this, and there was heas-forth openly in the ‘assoc jon, two parties—one called Old Ireland Young Jreiand. The Yousg Irelaud- era were in favor 0. exhiviting @ warlike front to The first were contro- like a Scoich city than ij is like the cities im the South | test, because they came from the * infamous iostitution” | I aie ours’ | Of flavery, and sieiled of bi od. or West of Ireland, is only the distance of a few hours’ ay Tanticed aa acnadaieune Cilcnuse Geat that O'Conreil hac cailed i fore very yrrat, The inhabitants of elfast, for their in- | of antagorism which it was o) trol or crush. sail from Glasgow, end the intergommusication ‘s there tellige”.oe, education, arte and'industry, would do credit | } to any State in America. [t has risen rapidly from a fishing village, and is by far the most prosperous town in side in the North. The most refined and most bighlyedu- | « cated portion of the Presby terians is the Vaitarian section of them. John Mitchell was instensted by his father in classics and other branches of a iiberal e¢ucation; and having somp'eted his preliminary studies, at an early age he was sent to Trinity Uolleg Dublin, w- ere he distinguished bic. rapid proficisacy, particularly in the ancient Greek—the language of liber- ty—s langusge whose writers are to this day the finest models of style, and from whom, no doubt, be drew much of that inspiration which in future years glowed alike in his sentiments and the diction in which they were conveyed. The scenery of his birth-place is highly ro- ‘mantic, and may have also contributed to the formation and culture of his mind. Im his youth he was fond of roaming over tte mountsins and the wild headlands of the Nortb, and he made bimself intimately acquainted with the habits and manners of the people. All these cireumstances, together with an original intellect of great power and acuteness, combined to prezare him for the task of revolution which he afterwards assumed, and which he prosecuted with #o much vigor. Before he was twenty-one years of age he married the niece of Sir William Verner, deputy lieutenant of the county of Down, and colonel in command of the militia of that county. She provedTherrelf a heroine, and wor- thy of beirg the wife of Mitchel daring bis trial, and banishment. She is the mvher of six children—the eldest boy being fifteen years of They all followed Mr, Mitchell in his exile, sod are ncw acoompanying him here. Upon leaving Trinity College, he entered as an appren tice im o lawyer's office, im Banbridge, in the same county as Newry; and, having pursued the study of the law with diligence he beeame a partner in the business, whieh, however, he never muca relished, He continued in the profession, in which he was making between $4,000 and $5,000 per annum till the latter end of the year 1845, when, upon the death of Thomas Davia, the chief writer of the Nati, apd oleo a Protestant, he was ia vited by the proprietor ani editor} Charles Gavan Dully, ‘to fill his place. Up to this time the name of Mitchell was scarcely known, He bad, indeed, joined the Rspesl Association, of which O'Connell was the leader, in 1945, but he made no noire in the world then. The following tharactoristic letter, however, written in that year, indi cated the futare hero. Baynetpor, May 7, 1843. My dear sir, as governmen seems to tireaten coe cion, ia order to put down” the repeal agitation, the fa08, prareabie, Ie and constitutional popu ar movement ‘bat any secoaeh ban ever witonesed—may I request that Jou will, to-morrow, propose ny xdmis-ion ass member Of ‘we Nationa) Association, and bend in the enclond a a in my name The and assination, Zhich sppeae to be the manne of 6) ai contempiated by the north. so Sonponaty ane holeasaae by certain thag news. (7%, form smother very goot reasoo why ull persons Ireland. The great buik of the Protestant popalstion se | of O’Connell, eked him wh down.” the Catholic Primate, to exhot refrain from political violenee O’Brien anc seconded by Hi The Young Ireland Tt was now evi ace sn element in bia power to con ‘This elemect comprised the talent ard ion, and they had | iom & powerful organ, whose cirsulation was | mene, Upon one occasion, Mra. French, daughter | wih his great ‘power, he dnot at cnce put the taction down? His reply was, | ‘They have their paper, my dear; I cannot put that In the Meantime, a rescript came from Roms to the bishops and clergy to their speeches, an? to ccnfine themselves as much as possible to the sphere of their ecclesiastical duties. The London press boasted thet this was an edict from Rome against repeal, and one English paper said it was procared by 3ritish diplomacy. is the 30th of May an eventof more thaa usual inte rest tock piace It was the anniversery of the impri-on- ment. It was beld in the rousd room of the Rotuads, consecratec br the recollections of the meetings of tas old volunteers of 1182, The Yow g Ireland party seeing that it was probable the whigs woul: soa be restored to power, ond fearing from the premovitory symptoms they observod, that O’Convell we ulé sDaudsn the repeal move- ment as soon as that eveat took place, secretly resolved to bind bim by s solema pledge, to * mich he couli rot fairly mabe any objection in public. [t was # magnificant | he whole moral strength of the ast in the pasean , and every thing was done to ender it imposing. » folowing rerolution ard p'edge propo-ed by Sauth ry Grat au, were adopted: — Resolved, That in ecommemoratiag the Grat xaniver- rary of the 30th of May. we deem it our daty to resorda solemn pledge that corruption whail not recuce, nor de- ceit cajcle, or intimidabon dater ua from reeking to obtain for Ireland the blessings of self gowernme a nations! legislature, ané we secommend that the tol lowing pledge be taken:— tthrongh We, the undersigned, being convinced that goed govern ment and wise legislation can be per ed to Irish people only through the i islature, do hereby pledge ourselves will never derist from seeking th with Englend by all peaceable means, nntil a parliament be ree! Dated this 90th day of May, 1545, It was igned by members of Parliament, mayors of cities, from every part of the country and first of sll by O'Connell himeelf, who, it was observed, looked rad sail melanckoly His speech was dull, tame, and spiritiess, In & day or two after the Young Ireland party were at tacked by O'Connell's organ, the Pilot, for put ing such a pledge to bim. That pledge is «till unreder med. Atter the affair im the Rotunda, a reac'ioo set in. Re- ligious ditsers ions prerailed—which Joho O'Connell took every peina to foment. The intrigues of the Britivh gi vecnment were at work with come of the Catholic bishops snd O'Connell ano his family on the one baad, ord on the other with the ultra Provestant party, and betvern them thé tre patriots were crucified. “Davis Inboved with al! his pewers to -tem the torrent, and he seemed to rise toa superhuman height in the straggle, Itwas toy much for his delic grentest intellect ef the Yourg I cultivated, and t *, was seized with a fever. and died at the age of thirty ene op the 16th of September. JOHN MITCHEL’S APPEARANCE ON THE POLITICAL STAGE. Here John Mitehel appears on the stage Ae cama to fill the vacancy in the im newspaper caased by the death of Davis, Though up te this time he took no part in public meetings, he was aot idl# ax /egarded the exciting olities | affairs of the time, He wax prepyring bimade by atudy for futare action, ard be wrote, be ites. a very beautiful volume. entitled ne Life and Times of Hagh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone,” the Lrish chieftain who in the reign of (jneen Elizabeth kept toe Ie military power cf England at bay for ten years, and opened a achool for that notional military genins which afterwards rose to 40 bigh a piteh vf fame ip Frence snd Spain and all the most warlike services of Europe. Fle was the greatest min of tbe time, either in England or [land With a few thou- ands of undisciplined, baif armed clansmen, without actil- to excite | ory, ccmumissariator ammunition, he defeated the British | and laughter.) He thought that unde velcran army, of, far superior . in the ware, | of the Nethaelenda, pte the improv-d- mp'dapents of war, and ied by the coaman- cer Sir Joba, Norris. defeated #6 mear Duadal Momaghan, at Tyrcel’s Pass, and h where the Esilish Commander and the Earl of Kildare, who succesd- | ea him were killed in battle; and aflerwards cefeated nt | the Yellow Ford, on the Black water river, Sir Heary Bag | roll ane a splendi¢ army, in one of the bloodiest pitched bates on record, leaving 2600 British dead on the Seld. | ircluding the commander and twenty three superior off | sere all the canuon, thirty four standards, aud x long cof provision wag: il¢ the Irish los: oaly 200 men a flowing up their victory under their chilef, drove the Britich completely out of Ulster. The object of this bock was evidently to produce an effect oa the popular mind, )ous.ng it by the recital of the deods ef Irish hero ism in Gays gone by, and sug.esting that what was done once might be done again, It was written ina charmiog, | vivid style, and with great power Ii combired deep re search and a clear narrative with quaint humor ond the most pleturerque description It might well »e conseirea that its graphic pages would contribute to stic up the en hurinem of the pec It was one of a Keries called the ‘Library of Ireland ”’ including the “Eistory cf the Vo lunteers of 17K2,’ * Tse Sallad Poetry of Ireland” “Tne Cor fisestion of Ulster,’ ‘ Tae Confederation of Kilkenny,” | “Whe History of the’ American Revolution,” written by | the sblest men of the repeal party, Mitchel’s volume | wns dedéested to Thomas Davis, who had been the founder of this library, and who, ia connection with the Hepeal | Association, Lid organized the education of the people in military matters whatever might fit them for and incite thea to the future rtroggle to which, at that time, all had looked. Whilst the book 'was going through the press Davis died, and it was not, therefore, published till after Mitchel became asso ciate editor with Mr. Duily ia the Nation. When it did apyear it produced a powerful effect, and at once raised | Mitcbel’s feputation as a writer to a very high stand Simultaneously was published a cheaper series of volu of the same tendency, for the reading of the very hum- blest classes, by J. 3. M’Co:mickh, now the editor of tle Gincinnati Sun. These pudlfeationa, with the songs and editorial articles of the Nation, and ‘other journals, kept alive the national spirit of the island, which had receivad & fevers check by the retrogiads pelicy of O'Connell, Mitchel bad not writen much in the’ Nation till his stancer—a etiil over Mr. Duffy—it would have been better forts Moke O'Connell to have forborne «llusion to that railway article, when he conside:ed that it was penoed in anticipstion of military fores being used against the country. De association had once recognized « higher principle than that of taking care of itself, (cheews,) and if it fell 8 veletudinarian existence it was very ualikely to prosper in its great werk. There were some members who showed @ de‘ermination to support the whigs, (cheers,) and, converted 1 Ex; lish opinioas, were un xil- jung ‘0 mind Wweland, He bad for ene, been unwilling to ecquitece im the usurpation of a foreign people, and for boiving to that opioion he and others met with censure, sad hed been charged with q monstrous crims—that of being young gentlemen! (Lavghter.) He did not ua- Geretand the doctring of lesving repes) au open question between them aud the whiga so farthat it shold. be cow petent for them to bold places uuder governwent. try ing to get rid of foreiga yoverument it was ia ible to hold situations under it, (Cheers.) Ifthe members of the association were appointed vo barristerships or com- mis-ionerships, would they be likely to come dows to that He lito denounce Englirh rapacity and tyranny? (Cheers.) He well knew it had been Pinted that he ahoald leave the eraociation, He would be will'ng te adopt snch an alter native: though Coing so would be no Pervonal seriice a- ke had received 10 benefit and but little pleasure of late ination ing their meetings, He had received none of their meney. (Loud cheera.) If he had consulted hie own ease he would bave discontinued his attendance: but In pat- he bad entered the association determined to assist in the great national movement for ireland. He wished to Le was one of the Saxon Irish of the North, and anted that race in their ranks. (Cheers.) They could rot, without them, liberate themselves; and lot hiun tell them it must be done by the Northerns as well axthe Sontherns, (Cheers.) If they drove them {com them by neeclees tests, they would perpetuate their own éegradation, Ireland would be governed by one faction, and England would trample on their necks. (Cheers } He was unwilling to leave until the question should be ‘answered as to whether every member was not at liberty to maintain his own opinions on every other subject except repeal. No ove could ever dream of oppoeing O'Connell in what be (Mr. M.) might call hie own associations; but if he were compelled to leave it, he would struggle iz any ficld open to him fer the redemption of his country. | daring hostility to the government, and the ability of his articlrs induced the Atlorney General to pay the paper his compliments. The Lon‘ton Morning Herald, in an article upon Irish railways, had congratulated the govern- ment upon the fact that every part of Ireland would soon be placed within six hours of the garrison of Dublin; “bat the law would thus be speedily vindested and sedition crushed,” On the 2d of Noveraber he replied to the Herald in an article in which he shows how railroads could be easily turned to the destruction of troops, by placing a proper obstruction on the track or by taking up the raids, which be hints could be manufactured inte excellent pikes, while the sleepers would serve for hardies. Tais article wes prosecuted by the government. Robart Holmes, the father of the Irish bar, and brother in-liw of Robert Emmett, who fell in 1798, defended the propris- tor-of the Nation in a grand speech. The jury disagree, and thus the second prosecution for politica) opiniont failed. The paper, howaver, was condemned by another tribural, and that was Conciliation Hall. While the trial was pending O'Connell brought forward a resolution to expel the Nation newspaper trom the association, and to deprive it 0: the circulation previously given it by that body. Thus was it placed between two fires—the govern. ment on one side and O'Connell 09 the other. It survived | and flourished amidst the persecutions of both. At this time an event occurred which, more than any | other, exposed the true poliey of the 0'G>anells, and also in its vesults, damaged thera with all the sound an: thinking portion of the community. Early fn 1845 the committee of the Repeal Association had passed a vote that members of Parliament who belonged to the Repeal Arfociation should with¢raw from the House of Comaona. | The c bject of this move was to embarrass Parliament, by | throwing on it the re: ponsibility of legislating for Ireland witboat the Irish members. The resolution was moved by OConnoll himself, yet afterwa'ds when Smith O'Brien acted upon it, and was iu consequence imprixor ed by the House uf Commons he | was not only abandoned by the O'Connella, bat they | attended in Parliament, and prevented the association | The country, however, cid him jus tive in meetings from north to ecuth, azd he was released without compromising himself in any way. THE O'CONNELL ALLIANCE WITH THE WHIGS—THE | PEACE RESOLUTIONS AND THE RE-UNIOW. | In the meavtioe, with the aid of the Irish repeal mem- hers, headed hy O'Connell and the Protectionista of Fag- Iund, who determined to have vengeance on Sir Robert | Feel for his abolition of the corn lawa, the whigs were re- | stored to office. The cecasion of the defeat of the tories was the last reading of a disarming act for Ireland. | With the accession of his old friends the whigs to office, | there was a still more decided change in the tone cf | O'Connell and toe Old Ireland leaders. They counselled | moverstion on the part of the association The whiga | would do great things. Trey would rerder full justice to | ireland if they werenot too much embarrased. Young :e- | land now entertained a shrewd suspicion that O'Connell | wanted to ure theegitation aud the power it gare him not for the repeal of the legislative Union, bat to get gocd things for bis family and friends from the whigs, with whem he had been +0 long in the habit of co-opera- ting in Parliament against the tory party, the common enemy of both. They discovered too that early in June, when Lord Jotm Russell expected to succeed sir Robert | Peel, he held s private meeting at his own house, and explained to the leading liberals of England the ground | on which he claimed their support. Tae London corres- Fondent of the Daslin Kvening sai stated that O'Connell, who was prevent also, gave his adhesion, promising to abandon repeal if liberal measures were given to Ire. land, end that in fact he never meant more by repeal than a thorough icentification of the two coun'zies. The | Natirn archly denounced the correspondence asa lie. Bat O'Conpeil. instead of joiniog in that denunciation, passed over the Mail, and attacked the Nation He did not deny the alleged compact. The Young Ireland party saw the game that was being played, and they assailed the whigs. Foremost among the astailants was Joho Mitelrel. In Cou- c'liaticn Hall, the 15th of Juve, 1346, he said Sir, the busizcss of this association fa to take good care that Irland, which was the chief difficulty to the tories, sh beoc me ap utter impossibility to the whigs. If we ever tetreat from that positien—it the Ropes) Aseocia ion is to euter inte eompacts once more with factions, who will use us while the; pise us—then, tic, best thing we can do iste etutup this ball. to Jock that door down there, to go home to our respecti Ubi and to hang down one heads forever aft.r, whan men speak of honor, of patriotinm, | or truth. Tt was not long till these suspicions were realized. O'Connell actually promoted the election of a whig to | Parlisment, who had called repeal a ‘ splendid phan- tom.” He’ was upbraided for this course; and he now determined to draw the line between Young and Old Ire- Jund, and to diice "the juveniles’ from the associstion. | Toaccomphsh this object be moved a eries of resolu: | tions, knewn as * the peace resola'ions” in which be notcbly reaiirmed the orginal principle on which the aeseiation waa founded—consti‘utional aad peaceful agitation= but proceeded forther, and laid down the ab- straet doctrine, ‘that under no circ. mstances, ia any ‘ry,and any time, was it right to ase physical force jeve political freedom.” He rasivtained tha: the liberties cf xo nation were worth # ciagle drop of blood. Upon the introduction of the resolutions, the young | Irelarcers, ove and all, disclaimed any present intention 01 physical force, and said that as long as th-y remained in cont xiop with the association, they would adhere to the princip'e of peace on which it was founded, Bat the; refused to be br und forever by an abstract doctrine which | they regurde! a false and venal except beld by Quakera. O’Copne!l himself bad often declared that wher the last | plack of the ccartiution war taken away, he would then | resist by phys cal furce. They saw moreover, that even if they agreed in the Cectrine ¢f O’Convell, that it would | be impolitis to tell that to the British government. That | the absurdity of the moral force priacipie defested ite own end. To be really moral force, it would be backed up bj the fear of physical, ua im the time of 1782, whan the vol- | unteers with arma ib their hands, demanded and obtained | Wegirlative independence. If you tell s robber be forehayo tbat you will not use arms, cr any phssical force to resist him, but merely use a ttle soft sawder or moral tuanion to induce bim to abandon hia wicked de sigo, why of course be will rob you, and laugh at your wortl ferce arguwent, But if you only present an old | rusty pistol to bis breast in the dazk, though it is not kcaded,{ wil have the moral foree of frighteniog him from his purpore just a6 much as {f youreally intended to shoot bim On this occasion, Joba Mitchel said that ho did cot contemplate any violstion of the lew, or any fort to physica’ violence, in connection witt hat assoc tion. “ out,” he added, * As to the abstract principle, that it is essentially siaful and immorsl to reht national wrorgs by thesword, If widely snd irrecon: ilabl, stent from the principle leit dowa by Mr. O'C My father, sir, was a Uni ed Irishman, The nen of ght Liberty worth some bloodshed. The yolun- teers of 1752 sould bave deemed it cheaply porebused by a river of blood. Amcrica sought a political smolicration, and won it hy something mre than legal It wae not to is, nit ‘they drew their ewores ae fY ia act whieh the} G ae and their support. cs into the Atlantic oce The Peace Resolutions, however, passe], and it was ex pected that the Yourg Irelanders would clear out, but they did not choose to do go then. It was determined. however, that they should go. On the 26th of July Smith O'Brien ‘was called to account at the Association, for a rpeech he had made at Clare, where both he and the Rev, Vather Kenyon repudiated ‘the “ozo drop of blood” principle. Oa the same day a letter was read from U’Copnell denouncing the Young Irelanders as advocates | endor irg his act. (Laud cheering.) it was on this occasion that Mr. T. F, Meagher, a young Catholic who ned not learned to submit to the tramme!s of O'Connell, mace hin celebrated speech, in which oc- curs his apostycphe to the sword. In this speech he ad- voeated the morality of war, and referred to numerous instances of its success, including the American Revolu- tion. His eloquence was producing its eflect when he was cut hort in the midéle of @ sentence by Joho 0’Connell, who said it was the strongest cenviction on his eoul that it would not he safe for the associstion to allow Mr. Meagher to proceed—his language could not be safely lis- tened to, and Mr. Meagher must either leave the associa. tion, or the association must cease to exist. Mr. W. 8 O’Brien thought the argument of Mr, Meagher perfectly fair, and not inconsistent with the original rules of the association Jorn O'Connell, however, persisted, and the result waa that Smith O'Brien here left the hall ‘followed by Mitchel, Meagher, Rev. Mr. Meehan, and several others. Thus was the secestion consummated. ‘Thopgh the Young Ireland party had nolongeran oppor- turity of uttering their sentiments in Corciliation. Hall, | (anit wes called by a strange misnomer) they had the | Nation, end they employed th: ir talent in writing articles | for that paper-on the statistics, the agriculture, the arta, the manufactures, the commerce of the country, aud every quettion of vital'interest. It may well beimagined that the paper became more and more interosting every any. ft. 0’Corne)] attacked it with the greater virulence and called this young scbool of political writers “the pha- lanx.”” Among the papers thus produced was a masterly one from the pen of Mitshell, on British colonies, ia which he shows with the keenest sarcasm, that though Ireland pays so dearly for the maintenanee of cnlovias, she never ‘ erived any benefitfrom them. Wesays, “Imean to +h: w in this paper that we have no colcnies: ‘that our colonial interest is enormously less than nothiag; that cur share in all that vast empire isa share on which the charchelder has to pay heavy calls, and never gets any | Gividend.”” He goes on to show that in whatever distant | regicn armies are to ba supported, or public works to be erected, Ireland, as an integral part of the empire, had to coutribnte her share, and get nothing in return; thet if black slaves, fat and eleek, had fo be emancipated in Jewaics. ats cost of one hundred millions of dollers, the white slaves in Irelant—aven the mirerable people of | Skibbereen—were compelled to pay for the emansipstion out of their wretchedness and rags, He concluded by advising Irelard to get rid of so ruinous o pertnersh! In the meantime in the repeal association the blessings cf “the paterval govert ment” of the whigs were expa- tiate: upon, while “the faithful and moral people” who died peacefully of burger. were praired'for their christian rerigpation to the will of God. But a change was coming over the country in reference to that body. It was the cricis of a new political epook Disaffeeti m was spread- ing—l+tters and remonstrances were poured in‘o the as sociation from all querters; some were read and some were suppressed, Toe most remarkable remonstrance, and one Which produced most effect on the pubjic, was one signed in Dublin by two thousand of th democracy, in which they declared their adherence to: the principles of the seceders. Thin document, with the sigoatures at- tached, wan presented to the chairman of the association on the 24th of Urtober. It was ordered by John 0’Con- nell to be thrown into the gutter. This indignity wae re- rented, and two great meetings were held in Dablin, at which the seceders put forth all their strength. These mectiags, togetber with the disaffeccion that prevailed allover the country, paved the way for # new‘organiza- tien. THE IRISH CONFEDERATION, OR YOUNG IRELAND ORGANISED. On the 12th of January, 1847, ‘the Irish Confedera- tion” was established. Not only did the citizens of Dub- lin who were friendly to the seceders attend, but depu- tations frors all parts of the country. The meeting was held in the Rotnnds. Among @ho'e present were Smith O'Brien, John Mitehel, Jabp Martin, I. F. Meagher, Joha B. Tallon, Richerd O'Gorman, Sen, Richard U'Gorman, . MJ. Pores, T. D Reilly, J. 1. Lalor, J. P.; Michael . Cbarles Gayen Dot ty, Patrick O'Dovoboe, T. D. . Michael Crean, T. B.’ McManus, Rey Mr. Shee- Rev. M:, O'Carroll, D. D., Rev Mr. McCabe, Rev uel McMahon, Rev. Mr. Meehan. A letter was read vom Dr Kace, late Mayor of Kilkensy, giving his adhe- Hon tu the exvee On that remorable osearion, John Mitchel sald :— Whilet the Unton laste, it ia not for Irishmen to shun poli- tics to enjoy life, end leave public carse to those wo may undertake them. If one organias Trauat be crested. Pe break in our hands, so must grasp another. It y for mento say these Irian are forever im mult of political digsontent. But we have no choice. P ical strife is our lot until we see an end of the foul and fraudulent Union. There is no othor alternative but that of eternal same. tion! ‘To be eure, we are deeply dit- iould like to know which of we could be well, government, The time is coming when sper! @ neoled in Ireland, and I, for one, | no @rnple in seying. that until wo bays an Irish Igis: | ro I shall be irrecoacileably disaffected towards tho go errment of the country, that I mes excite ection others, and that 1 think it @ anered duty to rear up my chil. dren in that sentiment He concluded by saying that on the broad basis of such confederation as tbut, embracing all sects of religion and all classes of societ On ench s basis, if'at all, mnst be ereoted the power thay will raise Ireland to her legitimatorank as 2 covercign State, ‘These sentiments alarmed many cf the less boldmem- | bers cf the Confederation—the n ore s@ because thore who knew Mitchel felt that he meant all that he said. Who- ever may have faltered, John Mitchel kept his word, and never wavered for a mcmeat; but from that day forward advanced more and more boldly in te path he had worked out for himself. When O'Connell saw that the strength, the intellect, the edneation, the worth. and the wealth of the repeal yarty bad abandoned him and were now giving eclat to & new organisation, and that the material he had left” consisted chiefly of dregs, from which anything but moral force could be extracted, he was anxious for a reconciliation, or sppearsd to bé He wanted to submit the who.e @ase, shaped in his own way, tolasyers, It was only after all a difference of a law point between them. He next proposed a reconciliation, and his chap'sin, Rey. Dr. Miley, was despatched as the mediator to Smith O'Brien; bu; the result of the inter view was to widen the breach, When it was found that moral force could not bring back the receasioniste, it was determined to try a little physical force upon them; and those who swallowed the Ccctrize that the lib«ries of @ country are not worth one drop of the enemy’s blood, did not hesitate to hed many a drop of the blood of those who were struggling for the same abject professed by themselves. the Old Ireland mob now attacked the Confederates while leeving thelr meeting, and wounded some of them severely ‘The next time however, the Confederates wore prepared for their assailsnts, and repulsed them, when they effected a precip’ ate retreat. Meaantime, Mr. + Coun Il, bailed, aud broken in body and spirit, retired fem the’ mene, ‘and left to his son John the whole ma- many ewent of the sesociatlin, whore altairs grow mere Cesperste every day, under his bigotry and ia 2 tolerance From the beginning of the year his hoelth bed hem ceclining. In March be sought's change of sir in Han ingy. Ee reviceds littl. He was, however, or- dered to the south of Europe, and on the Zist of March he ret out for Rome by stages, but became to ill on his way that he was compelled to stop at Genoa, whore he éied onthe 15:h of May; bequeathed his heart to Rome, and bis body was brosght back to Ireland. His disease wax softening of the brain, to which some attribute tae eovatic cc uree he bad purrued for the sast three yeacs. cf physical force and revolutionists, who hed ¢ ntinued tn the bor y in rpite of resolations adopted to get rid of them. A'flerce discussion tock place. It iasted two days. John O'Connell ins three hours speech, assailed toe Young Ireland party as hia father’s enemies, and dan- qerous torn, and went back to the Nafion of 1843 to prove the revolutionary tendency of its writing: Mr. Mitchel raid ud assent to the original ru 21d he would not go a bxfr’s breadth beyoud the rules the association. It was no wonder that when Mr. O'Cou- nell wax kinélirg the fire of pationnlity, and spoxe of his multitudes +f men, stronger and taller than avy Euglish- uep—when he raid he had a greater force than the two armies cf Waterloo, that an idea was created that he meant Sehting men. When Mr O'Connell had + poken of “dying for his country’? and ‘of a line of battle,” the words might have been jugtly c: nstrued iato a battle line, Wir Duffy could not be blamed if he thought the associa tion signified an army—if he believed that 1¢peal wardens would become genera, aid even pacificators lea ‘That impression had not been conflaed to Mr. Dufly alone, for at ® dizer in 1843 Father Tom Maguire, had raid, + Tet Epgland give ua six months to prepare, and then let Ged defena the right.” (Loud cheers.) Even ro lately ag October Jast the Rev. Mr, Hugtes bed stated in the pre scnee of Mr. O'Counell ‘that the Catholic priesthood were ready to diechsrge any office from that of « general toa cor yor al {N ow, no doubt when'Mr, Magnire spoke of six months piepatation be meant nothing but in the way of statistical gument; and whew, Mr. Hugaes spoke of “‘corporals,’? le cf course only meant constitational officera Mr John © Connell, in his apeech of yesterday, hac admitted that 1 the arscciation had been put cown—if the collestion of 1e repenl rent had been stopped—if the constitution had jen tramolec under foot, they should oppo force to fee, (Hear, hear, from Mt John U'Conne.l) Now, he y ould contend that in the article quoted from the Nation, o inthe letter cf Mr. Daily, there wax not a wod ty thow he contemplated phy sical force, excart in the way resistance, With refereoee to the railway article very unfortunate that Mr. Duffy whould bs harcly « The Yiung Irelandera were denounced by Tom Stesle and other Old Ireland leaders, as * the murderers of the teloved Literator.”” THE FAMINE—MITCHRL AND THE LANDLORDS. The potato blight which had taken place in the autuma of 1846 had come back n ‘816, and was now expected to retorn in the approaching fall of 1847, symptoms of the Gisease having sirendy manifested themselves in various localities, Great distress prevailed among the poo ¢ lassen al) over the island—even the North. where want i+ seldom known, shared in the gr neral on!+mity, Thousands upon thourands were dying of sheer starvation. Various means of relief were suggertec to the government; but notbing was done. The Puke of Norfolk said currypowder won excellent food. and advised its introcuction. The Dake of Cembri¢ge raid he had unde stood the trish could live very wellon grass. Bat the most curious contrivance war x patert soup, discovered by Sonsieur Soyer, the cbief cook of the reform cub. He informed the government that “‘s belly full of bis soup, once a day, with a biscuit, was more than sufficient to wurtain tue atrength of strong end healthy man.” Soyer and his covking ap- paratus were travapcrted to Davlin. The soup conmsted of bg of beef, four ounces—cripping fat, two ouaces— flour, eight ources— brown sugar, half wn ounce—water, twe gallons! This miserable cilutien, with = few herbs in it, wan the sovereign reuiedy for starvation Oana cay acpointed, Soyer, it the presence of the Lora Lieuteraat, irancurated his nuup kitchen with great pomp and pa rate. A pavilion wes erected ia the pat grouad fronting thoxoyul barrack, Dublin. ‘Noble aad drstia- ui hed visiters’’ ware there, ond partook pf the soup From a chained ladle. They pron’ urced it excellent. Thea ore bundred mc del beggars-—tifty men and fifty wornen— in tattered garments, ted on this soup like tke wild beanty of @ menegerie,for ther pecial entertainmaat of the viniters Bit strange to say, notwithatar ding the soap remedy, the people were dying in grast numbera; sui the hw mene of this country found it necessary to send over ships laden with food to relieve their distress. lt could q-ttes in the Queen's Benoh before be was brougot u {fore the Lord Mayor for the xamo article, (Iaveator.) Le wizked Le had Mr, Holmes to lefemdhim. (Cheers be only a partial relief, though it niaeatel the ganoroai'y vhich wupplied it. The descripti-as of the sufferings of the people were heart-rending, All recollect the ac harrowing. scenes. at Skull and Skib- bereen—here the putrid corpses lying unburied, and there the coffins, with sliding bottoms, out of which, to rave expense, the dead were dropped into pits, in order that thore vehicles might be ly for other vietims— tho red graven everywhere telling the tale of desolation— the people pining away om their feet from gacat huoger white the wheat and oats, and barley and rye, and the cattle upon a thousand hills, were shipped off to Koy. lend. Feod, sufficient for three times the inuabitants of Ireland, according to English authorities, was actually carried away 10 rupport just so many of the population st the other cide of the channel, By raturns made to the House of Commons, it appeared that for the three months ending July 5, 1846, the exports of produce from Irelend to great Britain were :—Waeat, 69 478 quarters; barley, 18417 do. ; oats, 246,067 do.'; flour, 242,257 emis, ; oatmeal, 41 do. ; oxen, bulls, and cows, 38,860: calves, 1,043; Rheep and lauibs, 56 689} bogs, 124,762. In the thid week of November 14,03 barela of oats were exported from Limerick’ to london and Glasgow; at the sams time that ove thousand dollars duty was paid on the importa: tion of dameged ard heated Indian corn, which made the people sick who ste it. From the same port, 47,000 fixkins of batter were shipped from the first of May, While ail this was going on; the people had to tax them: selver for public works that were perfectly useless, such as levelling mountainy, cutting down bills on old roads, and rendering them Juspamsable, and making new roads where, nobody travel'ee; but works prcjected that the starving peopie might be employed. It was a mere eva- tion of alma’ Tn thecounty of Galway, $240 000, and in the city of Galway, $150,000 were vo'ed; in Killarney, county Kerry, $225,000’ in Kenmare, ‘same sounty, $160,000; in Castletown Roche, county Cork, $230,000; Lowe: Coneilo, county Limerick, $200 000 And these are only apec'mens «f the sums voted in other Idtalities. But this relief was utterly inacequate. The sums earned were not sufficient to support the individual laborer himself, who, perhaps, bad a wife and fawily of five or six chil dren beside 340 thst instead cf being put out of pain sconer, the miserable existence of the peopl longed, by a lingering death of hon ible tortu sommer of this year, (1847) he wrote an essay, in the Nation newspaper, on *‘the frish Guide Books,” in which, after giving mort graphic sketches of the beautiful scenery of the country, and the poor psaventry compara tively bappy in their poverty before the famine, he then proceeds to contrast the prevent with the past, and rans such a picture of the existing misery a1 is suffi cient to meke the hair stand erect. He writes :-~ Dut why do we not see the smoke curling from ti.» we lowly chimneys? And euro we ought by this time to scen’ tho wel known aroma of the turf fires. But what—may !'eaven bo Shout us this night what recking breath of heli this o protaing the air, hagvier and more to of death riricg’ fro} free carnage of the Oh, misery | had we forgotten that this wasthe Fan And we aro bere in the midet of one of thoss thousand Golgo cothas tha border ourisland with a ring of deato, from Cork 41) round to Lough Foyle ‘There is no need of inquirios hare —no need of words, Tho hietory of this listle socinty is plain tefore us. Yet we go forward, though with sisk hearts and swimming oyes to exsmire the place of skulls nearer, There is a horst dora ; we fear to boug! all open, or off tho hingss LCw, chapleas skelot=ns qriuniog there rouge two lean dogs, that run from us wih joleful how'ing, and 1 woldsh eyes how they hav after mastors d We valk amidst the houses of th» dead, and out at the oth side cf the clurter, and there is not one where we dace to en- ter. We stop before the threshold of our rost of two years ago, put our head with eyea shut inside the doorjamb, and say, with shaking voice, * God save ali here!” No angwer— bastly silenoe, and a mouldy ttenob, as if from tho mouth of ‘Ah, they are all dead! they are all dei n and the fair, darz-eyod woman, and the li ¢} cir liquid Garlic accents that melted into musio for us two years ngo. They shrunk and withored awa: together, witil their voices dwindled away to a rueful gbbering, and they hardly knew one snother’s faces, but thar horrid eowled on ea h other «ish a oannibal glare. We know tl ola story; the father was om s " public work” ond + that would have main teined bis femily, which was not always duly paid him; but still it kept them halt alive for three months, and so iartoad of éying tu December they died in March. ‘And the agonies of these three months who can tell? The poor wife wasting and weeping over ber stricken children~ the beavy-Indon wan, with black night thickening round hinv—thickeniag within Li g his own arm ahrink, and his step totter, Pith the orvel Lunger that geaws away ‘his life, aad knowing too surely that all this will soon be over. And he hes grown a rogue, too, on these public works; with roguery snd lying about him, rogueryand lying above him, be begun to ay in his heart that there is no God; from a poor but honest far- mer, horas shrank own into aewindling beggar; for hin im to him is dark aud t night, Even ferocity, ¢r thirst for vengeance, ho cun never feel again; for the very blood of Lim is starved’ into athin chill serum, and if you prick him he will not “leed. Now, he oan totter forth no alas! and alas! there is a dull, stupid malice in thoir hey forget that they haa five children, all dead weeks age, and Aung, cofbi hallow graves ; nay, in tho phrenzy of their despai ‘ould rend ono ‘another for the last morsel in that howe of d.om; and at last, in misty dreams of drivclling idiocy, tacy dic, utter strangers, ‘Thus cid Mitehel in the Vatinn’ week after week ‘con- tinue tc exhibit the actus! condition of the country in the most appalling pictures, and ineulcated the most #trena- ous measures of relief. ' We do not exaggerate, neither do we displace the just merits of any other man when we sey that John Mitchel wes the most indefatigable, in- structive, and suggestive teacher of the times, His agti- clea cn the famine. whilst they preserted the most fearful delineations of the surrounding wretchedaess, embraced the most comprehensive statis'ics, and th ns to which he pointed for the mitigation of the distress,though bi ld, were, after all, the only effectual ones that could be propcred, and they only seemed wild snd impossible be- cause there was not sufficient spirit tc enforce them, and because the selfish power of the English mereantile class, through the Legisture and the was too pre- Gcmizant. There is no doubt that the real oppressors of people, who equeezed out their vitals, were the Irish udiorcs, They lived for the most part in London, or other fo- reign c ties, an¢ the preceeds of the whole of. the crops were remitted to them, with the exception of the potato Ané this xy-tem would have lasted, probably, to the end of t'me, had the unfortunate tenant enough to pay rent to feed the pig, und keep his own mirersble body and soul tegether. The potato, however, was the basis of the seeial system. The wretobed tenant lived on it, and so 6d wife and children. He fed his pig on it, and whi:h pig kelped to pay ‘the rent, and gave him strength tnonght o sow ihe seed and reap the harvest of nis raster, When this root failed ull failes, Here we eve the instability of thatiocial system which prevailed in JreJanc, apd was the source of her calamities and crimes. Hence i: wan that the fan ine consequent on the potato bight vas so extensive in its. destruction, and involved ip so deep a gulf all the interest of the country. It was a terrible visitation; but to those susceptible of it, the calatity brought #talutary lesson. A nation depending for its subsistence and social order upon one precarious. vegetable, must be, fundamentally. in a fallacious and dl-essed condition. This lesson was accepted in different moods by different people. The Ianlords hastened home- with alarm. Jobn Mitchel read the lesion in all its yer- rible import, with that clear, comprehensive ken for which be wan no istinguished.” He saw that if properly made urejof it might result in ® new order of things. The lendlorda come here. They cane together. They 21 met, they talked, srd passed resolutions. They sent | deputations to Dondon which effected nothing. The lind- lords assembled once more They formed, with other citizens, what ibey called an Irish Council. John Mitchel) went to their meeting, The ciscussion was a miseradle exhibition of imbecility. In the meantime, however the great question of “ten. ant right” was risirg preeminently throughout tho ‘country. It may be necessary to explain to the reader that tenant right is ® custom known in Ulster, prevailing there to a great extent, and having the force of law fore proseriptivg urage. It ia the just right of the tenant to is own improvements on ths lend, involving his right to hold his farm as long as he pays the rent, his right not to have tho rent raised becwuse he is industrious, and hia right to nol bis good will of bis facm wherever ho thinks proper. In other parts cf the country, if the unfortunate tenant has which is very rarely the case, as soon as he iwprovex and fertilizes the soil by bis skill and labor, is rent is immediately raised, and if he refuses this tax u his industry, he is turzed out to die ina ditch; or if he stroggles to pay and ix unable, be is turned out for nom payment, and xocn some one takes his farm at the ad- yenced sent. Hence the agrarian crimes that stain the The pearant driven io desperation, takes the law D hand, apd wrecks ‘the wild’ justice of re- 7? either by shooting the incoming tenant, the ugent, or the landiord. There waa, therefcre, a necossity for rome +uch law as tenant right in Leland, ond the famine was very properly taken advantage of to carry the measure. Various meetings had been held throcghout the country in favor of it. John Mitchel, oe nceiving that further silence on his part would be a criminal forbear- anes, determined to tale his stand this day for ths rights of the demcaracy and lab xt agains; the grasping, crimding despotism df the aristocracy. Asan amendment 'o some ‘vague resolution of Lord Wiltern, he moved “That tre tenant right of Ulster is a just and calutar enstom, beneficial slike to the landlord, to the. tenant and to’ ‘he-community , auc that it is desirable to con: firm and extend the rane throughout Ireland.” Upon this amendment a lengthened dedate took place; ccvtirued for three days In concluding it Mitchell fe ancther grand appeal to the sympathioa of the ndlords, snd with it a noble virdication of the claims of 1 eye whore caurd he espoured. + Who,’ he aoks, “eon- eited the bogs +f Connaught and Leinster into arable end peeture ? Waa it the jay dlerd or the tenant? =Who nade the “Golden Va'e’ of Cashel wave with yollow corn? Who bas been draming and fencing, placting aad build tng, @gging and delv ng there, these age. past? What hae teecme of the re-] irprovers, or rather the creators, ef that fertile land? Wh;, they hare been robbel. Yer, ny lord Ciancarry, they ‘ave been systematically regularl) robbed"? Then, im allusion to the asvased- naticns in Tipperary, he aska—"Why do we not hear of such murder in Down, Armagh, and Antrim? Just be cawe—and why, hecause—tenant rigid is respected in there rounti‘a Make this covener t, with your people; practically acknowledge their right tolive, not by pauper relief, but by hovest industry, and you can walk ubroad withont ferr. Men will do Tongs glare on you with » wolfsh scow!.'’ Mitchell’s amendment was rejected. In aseview which he wrote in. May, 1816, on Professor MCullagh’s ** Industriel Hi-tory of Free Nations,” after. qnoting @ passage relative to the laws of Jand tenure, and quoting the fuct that one of the first edicts of S loa way to put an end to the rvinous. transaction: pendiog to tween the bankrupt nobles ofs Actina and their luxurious mort gagees, and that it reemed to be & portion of bis tcheme to liberute all estates from the hero ‘tar; abackles that bad heretofore bousd them, John Mitchell with un exquisite and rhytamical beauty of, lane guage observes that— The consequence of this was that the soil of Attien was cultivated like a garcen ; exch present proprie'or made the mont of hi littie estate, because he knew that he himrelf had reaped where he hadiown. © herwise vot all the blossoms of the viain of Marathou—not all the fragrant flowera of ay. metus and Citharoo, could te-d the bees that fanned runny air of Attica, and made her delds to sieg with joy from Parner to the seu.” This idea runs through all his writings, and will be found elabvorated in his Jectures on te. la@i tenures of Europe, THY, YF AR 1848—MITCBEL'S UNIRGD, IRISHMAN. Wr. Hufly thoughg Mitebel was writiag ( strongly. and Mitobel withdrew and eseabl'shed the /mvol Irishman, The Confederation alvo thous ht ka was going too fags. But Mitehr | was determined to go ahead The rew paper, 08 may well heimagined when Mitchel had free voope to his geviuy, Caziied and ‘sdtor ished everybrdy. The landlords ways appall-d sud the govern meat frightened, So gtoat was tho sale of the frst num berthat the press was kept gring for three days and three nights, and yet eould not sapply the demand, When th nl putaber war isgned tt war necessary te bare a guerg of jobice {a attendance to preserve paace among the rewaronders, His lotters to the © Larmers of Lieutenent, whom as “the head butcher of s that surpasses even the 19 * Letters of Junius,” and the ' Drapler Lat- ters’’ of Dean Swift. Ty one number ho says that “the failure of the United Irishmen of 1768 was chiefly owing to the fact taat theirs was a secret conspiracy, ours is x public one— that they hed cot learned the charm of open, boaeat, out-spolién resistance to oppreavion, and through their recent orgaviza\ion the government wrought their ruin, We,” he continued, ‘defy you (the Lord Liewtenant} and all the informers and detectives that British corrap- tion ever bred.” He then goes on in the following stair : But lest there be any mistake, I will tell you what de—there shall be mo secret trom you. I inte pay special rerard to the jury lists; to excite tion continually to the jury arrangements of this city; and, ahove all, to yublish a serive of intorasting lectures of ths office and duty of jurors, more eaysoinily In cagos of eai- jon, where the law is st one side and the liberty of their country at the ovher. 1 neod say no more. You must now perceive that this same anticipated prosecution is ons of the obief weapons wherewith we mean tu storm aud anck the en- d oastle. For bo i: known t» you, that in such a case 1 oither publicly, boldly notoriously pack a jury, or coused revel walk # free man out of the Cours of Queen’s Bench, whieh wil victory only less than tie rout of your lordship’s redcoats ia Aud think youin s care of cach ® victury E » until all the world shazl avo that Eug ww dovenot’govern this nation? But you wit pack— bravely defy thrests and bullying, anp tusgleab opinion, and do your duty. You will have ip the United Irishmen” before “twelve of your lordship's lion-and-unicorn tradesmen, who are privileged te Supply some minor matters for the vicerogal establisin nit Will you do this, and carry your conviction with a high hand?’ I think you wilt—nay, { think yeu must, if you and ZoUE vation mean to Fo om miking aveh a show of governing ere. Well, then, I will have other man up to » y teetimony, ready and villing, Oh, Porscas Clarondon! to thrust to hands into the bi fire until it be ext.ngnished, But you k for addition "You wil to coarte al, and trirngle reo quarterst be the en itutional axitati men will then find themaclys wies, and fee) that there vetir gs, in spoutings, in shout thusiaem; nor anything in the wo contractor muscles ¢! their right arm: di in th d in tho oodnens of God above, ‘To that issue the “condition ef Ine. firme question’ muss lie brought Mitchel proceeded day after day in this strain, till at exgth the government got an Cuage of @ seditious nature “felony. till he was brought to trial under th’s act for an article and a speech. The following is an extract from the aiticle:— 1 frankly that I for one am notlova'. I ie waded Xo thet an cf Fag) a \d, nor unalternd!; tached te the howe of Brunswick. In fa t1 love my ows barn better than J love that house. ‘Zhe time is long past whon Johova. avnovited kings. The king has long sinc grown & monysrous imposture, and has been already in some civilized countries Cetected a3 such, announced out accordingly. A modera Ving, my friends, ia no more like an anciont annovited shop ‘ f the plothan Archibishop apron is like the U; PY Thummind ‘Thero is mo diviae right, but in the vereigh people. And for the institutions’ of the countey, }ioath and despise them | We aro sinking snd dying ab these institutions fast; they are consuming us liko plased, degrading usto purpers in mind, body and ecstste. You making our very souls beggarly aud cowardty; they ares feilure and fraund institutions, from the to; crowned jewel to the meanoat detective note book, tl se soxndness in them God and man are wears of thon, Theie lost hour is at hand, and [thank God that I will livo in the days when shall witnes: the dowfifall and triumph upem the grave of the most portentous, the Brandeste meanest, falsret aud cruclest tyranny that ever deformed the world. these you think are stromy but they are not one whid stronger than the feeling thet prompts them or that glows this mement deop ia tre souls of wuircing and swakoning millions of our fellow covnjrymen of Ireland. Aye, and in cma B0uls, too, Protestants of Ulsier, if yu would soknow- lodge it to youreelves. { emile st "the tormal rowlatio about “ loyalty to Queon*Victoria,” so eagerly pressed hurried over as a dubious kind ‘of fora at tonanc-richt meetings, and Pr tostant repeal” meetings I Jansh- ed outright here on Monday aene last, at the sus- joious ~warmth with which Dublin morobants, as if raid of themse'ver, protested so anxiously that they would yiold ia lo; alty to none. They democrats by natur ano perition, meeting thero withou. & nob’eman ty coun’ ranoe them; with the Queen's represontative scowling by ‘upon them from his casth—are, they declare it with nx nervoue solemnity, loyal men. Ind-ed. it was oasy to soe that vague feeling wae upon them of the real meaning and tendones of ol tact mectings—of what all this must nd i fné to What haven they, aad you, ad we, are sl hour, inevita'ly dritting together, but an Irish rep end indivisicle. And bow are going to meet tha: day? Inanms, my couvtrymen, in arms. Thus, and not other: wise, havgever naticns«f men *prung to liberty aad power. But why do 1 reason thus with 5 ou—with 50a, the lrieh of Ulster—who never have denied the noble creed and sncra- ments of manhood? You have not been schooled for forty years in the fatal cant of-moral force; you have not beem utterly debauched a: d emasculated by the claptrap plati- tudes of public meetings and the em pty-«)are of imposing 2e- Ronstraciong you have not learned elitany of aluvae, and 3 oun to die a oow- of your coun- » and sho will ignty, of Ireland, tor the people of Ire! ‘chia is the goupel chad the Heavens and the earth are proaching, wad that all hearts are secrotly. burning to embrace. Give up for ever that old interpretation you put upon tae word “ repeal.” Ropesl ie no privat movement; it is no sectarian movement; it is ne monty ewindle nor Kighty.two delusion, nor paffory, nor O'Connelliem nor mullagtmast, grosn cap, stage play, nor loud scunding inanity of any ‘sort, got up for any prot cepraise. It {s the mighty passionate strugg nation, hastening to be born into new ratioaal Jif, in which unspeakable throcs all the parts and powors and f "aoe; our confade ations, our Prot me ‘neonsciouely to one and th however, not a loos. legitlature, not a turn to our aucions con tion, not a gelden livk or s pateh work parliament, will be! plain before you as ® pike staff twelve fevt long. Yet, there is one lessoa y vu must learn—traternal respect for your countrymen of the South. and t: at. ympsthy with shea, ‘rll fnith in them, without which there can be no united na- nd trampled first for song ages, to tl Sught— expressly taught—in solemn ii érmons, that it was their duty to cio and ie before tholr faces, ratuer than resist thei \t creatures with the g: e been broug ht to this. Ana ou cannot wonder that thov should have been siow im truggling upward out of such darknoss and desolation. But tell yom, the light hag at levgth come to them ; the towery ning Be-curnnel car is the dawning of their day; and before f Ireirnd are white forthe rewver, our Rae} m ashing gloriously-af the heavens be Kind od pikes » Iwi =peak pieiely. the sol Sf Tolsud’ a wealth 2€ to sustain and That dcattle far more eu ind comfurt all the inhasitants of th wealth must not leave us another year. Not until every it ie fought for in every singe, fcom the tying of the sheaf to the loadieg ofthe ship And the effort necessary te that simpye act of selt-preser ration wilat one and the sane blow prostrate British doginion and landlordism togetbea. '4ia but tho one act of volition ; if we resolve but to live, we make our country a free and sovereign State, For this article he was tried and convisted, bya jary #0 grossly packed that the English papers at the time ex- claimed against it. At the time of his xentenoe he sai 1 have acted in all this buriness. from the first, under @ nao of duty. I do not repent of anything { have dT Folieve that the courso which I have opened is only commenced. ‘The Roman, wh: is hand burning to athes before the tyrant, promised that three hundrod shomtd follow out his enter n I not promise fer one—for two—for three— rode? He was sentenced to fourteen yeara transportation and the sentence was carried into execution in an hour or two after. J'rem hi letter which we pudlished a day or two ago, the reader knows the rest. Affoirs in Chili. {From the Mercurio de Vaiparaixo, Ost. 15] The abolition, or rather the reform, of the tithe stem has undergone some modificatioas in passing through the Farce canding of the Senate, nor haw br ys received the sanction of a law of the repubire. ¢ bill concerning emigravts haa met with a siui- lar fate. The Sousetios fathers have restricted the immunities conceded in favor of emigrant ships to those only who shall fatroduce colosists attashed to the Cathulic faith; but such restriction, we hove, ‘will not prevail over the re nonstrances of the Szcre- tary of the Interior, who insists upon the priuciple of toleration as essential to the populatioa of the country, and the extention of commerce. Great indignation lias been excited in respect to a recent conflict between the civil aud ecclesiastical au- thorities. The Bishop of Santiago has put under‘in- terdic! the parish of Santa Rusa of the Andes, in consequence of. the summary condact of the local Governor, who had arrested the parish priest for having refused to comply with an order issued by him; and the said Archbishop has inztracted the Secretary of the Charch Department not to appoint another parish priest until said Governor is removed from office. Inthe meantime the dead remain unburied, mar- risges and deaths cease to be solemuized, or mass. said, according to the chur sa ritual, and this for no. other cause than the intolerance of our priesthood, who ere attempting to brandish over our heads the. sword of spii m, in imitation of the Gregories and Alexanders of the middle ages. We ure at @ lors to know what course the President wil take in regard to this high handed measure of the. Archbishop, whe, with autocratic arrogance, claims, the supremacy of ecclesiastical la 7 when it cames in. colbsion with that of the State. The Secretary of the Interior has presented a luminous report of bis labors the past ycer.. The Most interesting topic discussed in this document is claim preferred bz the American Miaistes, coushed n languege by no means conciliatory, in behalf uf citizens of the United States who had cecidentally suffered some damage of pro) during the late ua- happy rebellion. Secretary has roplied to the ‘note of the American Minister with a. of frankness, decision, and good sense, wich da honor to daa asbaracter, as well as ta. his politioal sagacity, SAE Poak in 'ptana.—There have beea no arrivals of hogs at this place as yet, owing tath¢ Tinfavoradle weal for slaughtering. Contracis, bowover, have been made by the oy for large numbers, which will be brought in and slanghtexed as soon as the becomes Prices are unset- weather suffieiently cool tled, and there is that luck of confidesce among dealers saloulated to give firraness tothe market. Prices may be eaid to range from $4 26 to. $475, net. The rejiroad company is ay Prepared to carry al& the hogs which may be offezed for transportation, without those vexatious delays which have heretofore beex sources of annoyance and complaint, We hear of sales in Lawren‘e county at.¢8 %, gross— Jane Albany (Ind } Ledger, Nov. 16. A Casr vor Mu. Maycy.— A gontleman, in, whose , word we lave implicit confidence, informe,ns that Francis Ty de Silva, who is nom imprisoned in Ha- vara for alleged psrticipation in the proceedings of the Cuan Janta, in New York, last semamer, is a naturatiged citizen of the United States, he having himeeit seen hig vaturaligation pape about four yeays ugo, aS well a3 a paysport valliog him an ‘Americon citizen, acd siguved, be thinks, by Daniel ‘Webster, as Secretary of State, Hore fs a case that certainly requires government interference as mach ag that of Koszta, or even more so, since there is no doubt abont Mr. de ailva's naturalization. Phdg» 1 dephia Bulleton, Now