The New York Herald Newspaper, October 3, 1853, Page 4

- down with gil on baad NEW YORK HERALD. JANES GORDON BENNETY, PROPRIETOR AND EDITOR, OFFICER B. W. CORNER OF THe Fane WenieD eopy—87 EDA. CRA. 2 cents per a THE WEEKLY HERALD eocry Siturdoy at sper copy. or” per onnum; the Pur ort of Great rth to tnelude geuta ge LETTERS by mail for Subscriptions, or with Adver } to be Doet-palil, or the postage will be deducted from <y reWh ted. LUNE TRY CORRESPONDENCE, containing impor Ri elictted som any quarter of the worlds if weed wil Mcrety paid jor. wa OUR FousiGN CORREAPONDENTS ARE FAN TIOULARLY RbQURSTED TO SEAL ALL LETTERS AND Pex sens sent vs. WO NOTICE taken of anonymous communications. We do ned reture those repcted. ‘opean Edi 7 an tein, and $5 to any ‘pert of the 'S THIS EVENING, MBTROPOLITAN BAL) —-) cLien’s Concent. BOWERY THEATRE, Baerenrs uv Iyvia—Be BROADWAY THEAIn sar ERGAGEMENTS, aarcan BRoTmens— way—Merramona--Na- WIBLO’S, Broadway—Ur. TuBaRaer or Seviiie ATRE, Chaw bers street—Paur Pry—My Lv RATIONAL THEATRE, Cuatham etreot—Usene Tom's Cann. WALBACK’STNEATK, bvadway~Love Caase—Tur Sma Nans. AMBRICAN MUSEUM— A Gove ww rus Warr. Eve vucon—MaxgYour Wrz MONK. MADISON AVENUR— Aftecnvon/andkEvening—Pranco- eve Colossal Mirpowe CHRISTY’S AMFRICA —Prwiorian MeLopiss KY ———t RA HOUSE, 472 Broadway Risty’s OPERALTROUPE, WOOD'S MINSTR’ uo MusicalfHallj44 Broad- way—Brwiovian Muni BUCKLEY'S OPERA @rmovian Orera TRov G@PORAMA, 596 Broadway—Paxonana‘or THe Hoy Marv. Sk, 689 Broad way—Bvewrer’s HOPE CHAPEL, 718 Bi mama ov NiaGana. ACADEMY BALL, 6 RHENISH GALLERY BIGNOR BLITZ—Srvvvesave Lysrirere. MINES: memon or ay—PRANKENSTEIN’S PaNo- p—Sieerine Man, way—Day sud Evening. ROOMS, $39 brosdway—Peanan's Girt Bam Seven Mice Mi@RoR New York, Monday, October 3, 1853. The News. By the Black Warrier, at this port yesterday, we have Havana papers and correspondence to the 27th wk Our corre: pondence will be found interesting. ‘The prosecutien against Morty for being concerned fm the kidnapping of certain Yucatan Iadians has een suspended, and the Indians will be kept in Pendage, chiefly, we suppose, because Mexico is weaker than Spain. Our Consn! had protested against the opening of his despatches, and the Cap- ‘ttain-General was ‘surprised.’ He ordered the Postmaster-Geveral never to be so impolite again. Beveral vessels have lost their crews by yellow fever, and a namber of soldiers have deserted and escaped to New Orleans. It is reported that Gener»! Canedo Boon to be snperseced in his vice-regal office by General Pezuela. We give translations of two arti- @les from the Dicrio, relative to Lord John Russell's mete in answer t» Mr. Everett's. It must be inter. esting to his lordship to learn that the Diario is his admirer. The mails of the America, from Boston, were do- levered in this city yesterday morning, enabling us to preeent our readers with the most {ull and latest @etails of the European news. The letters of our Lou- don correspondent will be found highly interestiag ‘and very valuable, as they contain an avourate re- sume of the position of all the parties engaged in the Eastern difficulty, a very descriptive accoant of the *erriterial boundaries of New Russia, with an able metice of the Russian State fairs. We alse pnblish ‘the letter of the Honorable Mr. Buchanan, in which Be déciines the invitation to an entertainment ox- tended to him by the American Chamber of Com- merce in Liverpool. The opinions of our new Tin ‘eter upon the free trade question, and epon the ef fkets of the revulution in Qbina, will commend at ‘tention. With reference to the American Japan ex edi tion, we find the following in “It is stated that the Das resolyed to resist the attempt a neri- eans agcinst Jopin, and that the Rossian aquadron which recently ‘ was intended tor (hat government has sides on the bar! of every information + best means to be auc the United States. with Japan, having res: Dutch goverpment i; determ'nation of the c the Americans also t and as, moreover, the selves in fayor of the #mericams,erd have lawiy begun to throw discredit on the fetch rule in te Rast Indies.” Our lest pleased of St. Petersburg, ea ven the Dutch archipelag from Caloutte August 5 The American im the island jan, irthe J deposits of coal, From tho Brezilian empire we ing upto the 15th of Avoust arrhoea were (till ¥ ormed,and 2 company of operation. A proposal Minister of th s eeeking anther the govern me’ since the a “ ‘The advice: efsee ennoanced mort, destractive yale Touredeg. A leer hore, and tt is pry le wat mapy ot The st nym is re t Missle pp. 'y lown siong the be: line to Views sippy: from * the report ese of this ci and seven s dng brethren in New Orleaa. Neacy Gree « heen cvllected for the untorainate Jurg. wraary of tLe rexace of ibe fugitive des erry was celebrated at Syracuse iast aetonday. 2 Aespatch from thet city stages that the wttendancet, was not so larce aw laet pear, ow ny % the fact that, ae citizers took bet little interest in the witair. “Those pierent were morily from the country, and: gh speeches wore made by Ce Lnoy me, and Rey. Anwinette 1. Bre they failed te \produce any merkeé exciveme' People are be- coming accustomed and understand the int tions of these notoriety seekers. Stay amy t them, and they will so0u cool dvwn and die ont fy waat of fuel Kireare, who bas again been found guilty « gery in Olio, eitempted to commit suicide in jy lest Friday night. iis counsel bave moved for till another trial. Under the polise head will be found a long st.te- ment made by Vou Alten, the person ander arrest ehaged with being Don Carlos Veleacia. There ap- pears to be @ mistake in the identity. It is @ very aenrions a fair. The -teamehip Battie ie now fully dae with four @aya inter advices iron Kyrrpe. Ligr Lowg is i oked spe wit mush asics. lnded with a } my Be ™ Other and the United Stata, wis of Fac. The struggle which is poy, es and which seems inevitable, is fra." tigre most momentous isenes to mankind. On “y sult will hang the solution of the question whether the Old World is to take a retrograde or a progressive movement. And the quast philanibropie governments who have cordially co-operated in the effort to ward off the threat ened war between the Russian and the Ottoman empires bave go acted, not influenced by their friendly feeling towards the latter, but by the conviction that they themselves could not evade becoming involved in hostilities, and that their being so would most assuredly be taken advao- tage of by the r.volutionist party throughout Europe. Fully impressed with such feeling, France, England, Austria and Prussia, have for months past presented the novel spectacle to the world of despotic governments acting in unison, but by diplomatic agency, for the protection of a weak, old and tottering State.against a young, powerful and unscrupulous one. While we write, hewever, the appearances are that the combined efforts to maintain peace will have failed, and that an exterminating war bas been resolved on between the powers of Islamism and Costackism. The civilized world comprehends and may be @ivided into two distinct masses of coer ia peo le. influenced by inimical and utterly 0 re cstnciples, Between these principles despotism and democracy—the oft-renewed bot yet undecided struggle seems destined Grain to be undertaken. And though Russia is The type of the most barbarous despotism, and The United States is the only great national re- presentative of democracy and republicanism m the world, it is no less remarkable than cer- Tur that the external policy of these young and Towerful nations is identical.~, The policy of TT 1 regard to foreign affairs is the counter- at of that on which the greatness of ancient home was based. It is that of territorial and popular enlargement hy the congwest and an- nexation of new States. The other princi- pal powers of Europe—such as France, Engiand and Germany—-dread, and endeavor to counter- act or impede, the working ont of this policy. With them the chief interna! struggle is be- tween the) contending principles of aristocra- cy and democracy. Ali the dangerous elements of revolution are rife, and ready within their borders, at any favorable moment, to be kindled into a blaze which threatens the extinction of the last vestige of despotism and serfdom in, these couvtries. No wonder, therefore, that al { their exertions are employed to maintain tl ye status quo of Europe and to prevent war at any sacrifice. ‘This latter class of nations form the link be- tween the two extremes of Russia and the United States, and are deeply but varir jusly nii uenced by the action of each. Russia: would increase the number of her subjects only to re- duce them to the lowest condition o f serfs. The United States would annex new St: jtes and populations te her large dominion only t¢ make the first independent and toelevate the fatter to the high position of American citizens. But both operations are alike distasteful to the ether powers of Europe. They dread alik e the pan- slavism of Russia and the republics nism of the United States. They know that 1 he yo revolutions of which the several St ates of rope have been from time to time, since the de- claration of American independen ye, tres, are referable to the mighty moral ence exercised by this country 0 ger th of mankind. They recognize th ai tufle the general revolutionary move sent . still living though areutly dor- nis which are prep to combine IP’ san liberty. 1 and in the vet to the repub moral c¢ oy, neverthe! of conquest CUw ie ie 4 aaron? {aaa vesotved The measure thet pr pe or fond egintiva indus e brated trips status.que i$ f Toba Russel respouuge to the T made of Layt letter of bat island 9 a us bor tmildiag ap Afe'cer pires in the West Indig idand« eentiquoa Ww our territuce. | Hence the project to preva] on Spain to abei- isacd of Onde, and thereby iacks. Teneo seepiion given in the th ish slay ' thoreva of ‘ Vuele ; Hen ine, the ‘amovs letter Ited by the Duchess of Sntherinnd to the ot Aw Vhe key to al to he diaad Traace nited States is fiyud in tite poliey meoue they hope to diminis troy the presiige which rope, iinpede our pr in ¢é ing other portions of the continent, and retard the holy work of liberalizing the world. Lord Palmer- ston, who is hand aad glove with Louis Napo Jeon, will soon Le British Minister, and then we Will find this policy more openly pursued. Jt is walortumais ab thie par tigulay time to sce ty tavita | “-Hey of the European Governments vic-a- { i - 4 coat, ya 4 buckles. | city, if we tind a little 2 the Administration, whose course of action not ovly America but the civilized world is car- vestly and anxiously ecrutinizing. fall iato the atal error of indirectly aiding France and England in the subtle political game they are playing. It isa matter of regret that, under the influence of Secretary Marcy, the Adminis- tration should effect the breaking up of the Union party by the distribution of offices to free gollers and abolitionists. By the | error of judgment, a split has been produced I in the ranks of the democratic party in thé * States of New York and Massachusett?—" yap. ture which threatens to extend to the other States of the Union and finalky destroy the yower of the democratic party. Nothing could be more auspicious to the views of England and France, or more injurious to the weltare of America and to the cause of republicanism, throughout the world, than this dep)orable event. We should present a solid front to the anti-republicans of Europe. It is, however, not yet too late to retrieve the mistake; and we feel a conviction that, it is but necessary to point out the fatal ersur of dis- ruption, the consequences to which it may lead, and the advantage which wiJl be taken of it, to induce men of influence and patriotism in the ranks of the democracy ‘io bury all per- sonal feelings in the cause of the country and democracy, and to exert themselves resolutely in the work of restoring b: armony to the party which represents the pri’ aciple of progress and republicanism. Let all abolition and free soil doctrines be expurgate 4 from the platform of the party; let not those “sdeas be agitated in it; but rather let American 4 cherish more cordially than ever their love for, the Union, and their respect for the constituti: gn, and then we may mock at the powerless and f ntile efforts of European despot- isms to restratin the United States from pressing on in the glorious and philanthropic career which is m gapped ont for her in the great book of destiny, Vive Ja republique! Briv¢n Iytervention i Sourn Aerica— Iupor sant Reverations.—We give in to-day’s Her arp a letter from Buenos Ayres, copied frov.a a late London paper, clearly showing that at the very time when Lord John Russell was P'rotesiing that bis government had no designs ‘apon this continent—that Downing strect would uot accept ali Cuba, South America, and Mexi- “co, if they should be offered gratis—we find Sir Charles Hotham plotting with Urquiza for the cession to England and France of the island of Martin Garcia, the key to the whole of that valuable portion of South America which has been for the last forty years undergoing a series of revolutions and chenges of government with- out number. Downing street diplomats know well the value of this immense valley—watered by two of the most splendid rivers on the earth —its plains covered with cattle, and its com- mercial advantages unequalled. So Downing street desired to have it in its power, and Downing street has its eye on other portions of this great continent. It will be necessary for us to be wary, or Downing street will put its paw upon that which it is only eycing now. We have said this much to show that Lord Joho Ruszell is a constructive falsifier of the trath, and that while writing to us that he intends not todoa certain thing, he, at the same time, orders her Majesty's representatives in America todo the obnoxious act, or at least prepare for it. It is the settled policy of this country that no more European settlements shall be made on* this continent. The original titles (if they ever had any) of France, Spain, England, Russia, and Deumerk, to lands in America, have long since passed away, and in tbe few instances where the representatives of such governments still hold sway, it is not becanse they are right. it is becanse the people governed are too lazy. or too cowardly. to prove that they are wrong. If we are not to aid these people who are gov- erned hy the shadow of a shadow, we have cer- tainly the right to sey that we will have no more of it. And it will be done. Not .perticu- larly because it is right. bat because the com- mercial interests of the country demand it, and the money power will casily accomplish its ends when the mind power fai We pe and the government of these Unite no levger to be deceived by Downing si the Right Hon. Lord John Rassell. T are open. They sce plainly the tions upon this con > how much faith may be p tatesmen. Ever and anon, some hew te mony. like into that which we print tot is brought before us, These seeret pe otiations going on, and tt will beh: his subordinates to ass Poor Richard, spectacles of orrew his square cut nd ste of it. There { higher and pa ountry occupies han ju aay other, and the m hare lag got a notch etuselyes ck. * thoy were awapding CMenee ia equ w ond other sh ™ inde a tiery Pegasus, witsh- horsemunahip,” ina heven y¢ wher. Je F oy manner % Plantagones, whos abe bartle of f wy dsew down t of MWe adverswice, The women Kay m ts vloruaw, bealihl We never eceeven a plein wom awey over the country withoot odmir whens pretty girl on a fast horse crosses our astoniehed jon we fell ta love wiih her ab once, Ah! ladies, a canter of lalla dozen miles botore breakfes! ino great Udng for the appetite, nnd munch Letter Jer the complexion than all the cosmetics in Proadw Of course, ibmoet be learned; and « ent for pertoe- tion in the art has ly b mmeneed in thia Stsie and in Connecticut. vee that there has heen a grand trial of egne ism fn Chdutaugue county here are to be other in Alhany county, and next week at Bridge port, Connec » Trot along, girls, but he careful of your seat, and look out for your stirrup leathers. Let's have something of the came sort here. There's that gallant old sol- dier-- General Meezaros—would he glad to have 2 class, and we could give as fine an exhibition agony of thou Wid comchody start it? Ocropern Execrions—Grorma Sreaks To- pay.— The Georgia election for Governor. mem- bers of Congress, and State Legislature, comes off today. Also, an election in Florida for Governor, On the 10th the people of South Carolina elect their Legisiature. On the 11th there will be an election in Ohio, for Governor, a full State ticket, and members o: Legislature. On the same day, in Pennsylvania, they elect part of their State officers. +3, On the same tay. the peor”. of Delaware vote upon the aan -«vption of their new constitution. Of all these elections that of Géorgia is per- haps the only one of any interest to the coun- try at large ; but the choice of Governor and members of Congress in Georgia to-day is of the highest importance, especially to the ad- wainistration and the several factions of the democratic party. Herschel V. Johnston, a fiery secessionist in 1851, is the candidate of the reunited democracy, and Charles J. Jen- kins, one of Gov. Cobb’s Union party in that year, is the candidate now of tbat party, while Gov. Cobb is stumping it for Johnston. This Wheel about and turn about, And do just so, makes this Georgia election exceedingly spicy. The Union party appear to be confident of suc- cess. We may have some returns to-night of the actual result. Lacen Bier Law 1n Onto.—The Springfield (Ohio) Gazette, speaking of the local lager bier law in the neighboring village of Urbana, says i— The Common Council of Urbana passed an ordi- nance imposing the penalty of $30 for the sale ofany quantity of ale lese than a barrel, with a further pro- vision that any house or place whatever where ale should be either kept or gold should be deemed an alehouse within the meaning of the ordinance. An appeal from the Mayor by an individual friend came betore Judge Hart, of the Common Pleas, who ruled that “the ordinance was not founded on or sustained by the Jaw.” In explanation of this ordinance the Cincin- nati Enguirer says :— By that town statute no gentleman may order a fall keg or a dozen bottles of ale to his residence. By the terms of the ordinance every house where it eat pone within its purlieu—a step beyond the We When will common sense govern these questions? You may order a barrel of ale to your house, ac- cording to the Solons of Urbana, but then any house where ale is kept would demand “the penalties of the bond.” We commend this law of Urbana to our atrong-minded ladies of the New York Women’s State Temperance Society. By limiting the purchase of lager bier to not less than a barrel at a time we shell, prima facie, encourage the wholesale traffic; hut by imposing a heavy penalty upon any man who may take a barrel of said lager bier into his house we compel him to retail it on the sidewalk; and thus the shame of beer-swigging in the public streets would soon put a stop to the business. Strange that Judge Hart should pronounce such a law un- constitutional. Let the wise men of Urbana try it again. Sprren or Joun Van Buren.—Agreeably to promise, we lay before our readers this morning the scrious and elaborate speech of Prince Jobn Van Buren, delivered before the soft shell ratifi- cation mecting at Albany one day last week. All persons desirous of understanding the soft shell side of the question will perhaps do well to read this learned and lawyer-like exposition by the Prince. Let others follow our example and read the speech of the Prince. THE VAN BUREN DYNASTY. sa Its Rise and Progress, and the Present Con- <diition of the New York Democracy. The organs of the soft shells, or Van Buren and Marcy democrats, claim a large proportion of the democratic party of the State of New York, as shown in the superior number of democratic papers through- ont the State which are supporting the soft shell ticket, and the great preponderance of mem- bers of the last Legisiature, and members of Congress elect, who now go with that section of the patty, and will support the administration of Presi- dent Pierce. A little inquiry into the personal and poitizal history of the leaders of the soft shells, will show that the present struggie in this State is no thing more than an effort on the part of the softs to perpetuate the rnle and power of the Van Buren dyuasty, by which we mean that combination of political leaders, with Martin Van Buren at its head, now succeeded by his son Jolin, who have so lov exercised a control ever the fortunes of the de- mocracy of the Empire State. Jt should be observed that a large nuimber of the leading followers of Van Buren, who now oct with the soft shells, did not support the free soi! tickets of Van Buren, Adams, Dix, Xe., at the election of 1:48. Besides Secretary Marcy, Governor Seymour, and their immediate personal friends, there ave pro- minent democrats in various parts of the State who, | although always warmly attached to Van Buren, were afraid of the iree soil question, and from policy orted the regular Cass avd Butler ticket, and the nomination of the hunkers for Governor, &., in i848. ‘These men were not strictly bunkers, and at the first fair opportunity they joined Mr. Marcy, in remoulding the democratic party, by coalescing with the barnburners, or Van Huren free soilers, and thus formed what is now called the soft shell party. They were enabled to obtain the suport of the han- | hers at the two last annual elections, for the purpose the democracy to power, ond as they | Loped, tofortaa united party for the future. But the grasping disposition of the soit shell leaders to cugrosa the offices, it is well known, hay cansed the + recent division of the porty. The conlidence which the soft shell editors and leaders appareatly fe their faction, er rection of the party, over the hards arises doubtless from their belicf in the fie soil pro- pensitics of the democracy in the raral districts, and Tn | of the possession of the patronage of tho Nationa! and State governments. Under the circumstances we are hot surprised at the following statement in the Evening Post, one of the organs of the soft WEN Composed thiy State, two We clasify tas This staiement might have been qualified by no ticing the fact that the election of members of Qon- gress and the Legislature, last year, was made without reference to the free soil question, or that which now divides the party,also that the possession of the public patronage hy the softs is sufficient to infivence the suneny oi the polition) journals. In alorme no el in the superior streagth of | ) in the days article we showed that the figar®s in the retarna of the Presidential election of 1848 proved that the supporters ot the Cars and Butler ticket composed a majority of the democratic party proper, deducting the vetes of the original abolitionists, of over fifteen thousand, from the votes for Van Buren at that elec- tion. Notwithstanding the ability and tact of the soft abell leacers, it will be found that they are well matched by the strong men among the hard shells, and that the influence of such names as Judge Bron- sop, Charles O’Conor and others, for whom the democratic masses have heretofore voted by thous- ands, will be powerfully felt in the coming elec* But, considering this election, as we Res ae a struggle to perpetuate the Van Biren dynasty, it may be well to look @ "ttle ito the origin and his- tory of that potent concer which Mas for so many years exercised & controlling influence in this State. The Van Buren dynasty fay be said to have sprung into existence about the year 1818, when Martin Van Buren, then a meniber of the State Senate, organized an opposition to the administration of Governor De Witt Clinton, and established a secret association at the seat of the State government, which received the name of “ The Albany Regency,” for the purpose of controlling the democratic party. No political junto or cabal, perhaps, has ever exercised a more import- ant influence in this country than this same “Albany Regency.” Those who carefully and minutely study the politi- cal history of the different States of this Union can hardly fail to observe that political parties in each State have been managed by small political bodies, called respectively regencies, juntos, cabals, cliques, and ‘various other names, controlled by one or more master spirits, acting in secret and generally in com bination with the aristocracy growing out of wealth, and other causes of inflnence. After the American Revolution there was evidently a strong desire in the minds of many of those disposed to ex- ercise a political control to found an aris- tocracy, ostensibly for the benefit of the people, or, a8 sometimes expressed, “‘ to save the people from themselves,” but in reality for the purpose of con- relling the people by and for the benefit of the aristocracy, whether composed of military men lawyers, or other members of learned professions, or the fortunate possessors of wealth, without whose potent aid all the other classes of political leaders were compatatively powerless. Thus we see organized, in the early stages of our existence as a republic, the Cincinnati Society, composed of officers of the Revo- lutionary army, and to be perpetuated by hereditary succession. This society was soon attacked, as an attempt to found an aristocracy, or American nobi- lity, and never acquired any very important political influence. Both federalists and democratic republi- cans were found in its ranks. This was followed, in the State of New York, by the Tammany Soziety— a State rights, republican or democratic secret aseociation—and the Washington and Hamilto. nian societies, established by the federalists, the former comprising the elder portion and the latter the young men of the federal party. These two last societies ceased to cxist soon after the peace with Great Britain, in 1815. They were not found, we believe, to be of any essential importance to the federal party, and the aristocracy of that party there- fore generally depended on wealth and talent to sus- tain their position as political leaders. We do not think that the Masonic society has ever been a favorite medium of acquiring power by the aristocracy of either party. The influence of the still existing ‘Vammany Society has at times been great in the democratic party, but for many years past it is be- lieved to have been on the decline. The old Thirteen States, after the adoption of the constitution of the United States, in 1789, were each governed by cabals, juntos, or cliques, which con- trolled the action of political parties as they succea- sively came into power. In New York, the control was exercised in this city, and afterwards at Al- bany, by a federal junto controled by Hamilton, Jay and Gouverneur Moiris, and a republican juuto under the management of the Clintons, the Living: stops ané Aaron Burr, who were successively pros- trated by quarrels among themsely The federal party was overcome in 1800 by the united forces of the Clintons, Livingstons and Burr; on quarreliing with each other, Burr was prostrated by the joint efforts of the Clintons and Livingstors; and after- wards, when the Clintons and Livingstons (ell out, the Livingstons were overcome py the Clintoss, who bronght forward Daniel D. Tompkins to put down Governor Morgan Lewis, (who was connected with the Livingtton family,) and thus uniatentionally paved tbe wey for the Van Buren dynasty. Referring for a moment to the political history of the other original States, we may mention that Mas- sachusetts was governed, while under federal rule, by the Mssex jnato—so cal'ed from its leaders being principally lovated in Exsex county, although opre- | ating from Boston as headquarters, where also the democratic janto was established. In Now Harap- | shire the federal regency wae mainly at Ports | mouth, but subsequently transferred to Concord, where the democtacy looked for its leaders, and from whenee, subseyuen’ tsaa> Hill issued Lis cdiets. The Rhode fsland juntos—federe and dernocratic—were moveable, like the politica! capitals of that extensive State. Connecticut had ; iis Church end State regency, or junto, under the federai'sts, ot Uartford, where the clergy of the Congregational Church held their annual din- ner, when the Coversor and members of the Legislature were sworn into office. The demo crata dignified the late Doctor Dwight, of New Haven, who was generally on the ground at the po. litical installation at Hartford, with the title of “Pope,” in consequence of his propensity to mix ecclesiastical with political inituence. New Jersey had its federal cliques at Newark and Elizabethtown, who for a long time governed the State; but when it was discovered that women hail a right to vote, un- der the first Btate constitution zbe scat of ceitral power was transferred to Trenton, where fe derslicm and democracy alternately turned the goalie. Penn- ay. i ing the short term it was under the con of the federalists, had its junto at Philadelphia, where also there was o Cemocratic ci ich governed the State until Harrisburg ame the seat of the secret central power. The Governors of Peon i o}d constitution, pesseseed the sole power of appoint: ment to office, and were always compelled to submit to the contro} of a committes of the democratic par- y, whether “old school” or w school,” avd this coxnwities formed # powerful State regene Delaware was the last Btoto tn the Union ia which he federal party sustained thomecives for some Fears after the peace of 1415. Wilmington was for many years tue point of governing influence, parti- culasly of the federal party. peequentiy Dover became the headqnarters of Loth parties, Mary- land, for yeats a State under the control of the feder- alists, had ite jnntos both at Ballimore and Annapo lis. Virginia, always republican or decocratic, has been governed from time immemorial by the calo- brated Richmond junto, established hy Mr. Jefferson, and for many years this junto was the hated rival of the New York republicans, uvder George Clinton , ond De Witt Clinton, and in our times the coopers, tor witb the Albany regency. In North Carolina political parties have had thei: governing cliques at Raleigh. The federalists never obtained the contro! of the State, but were enabled to carry several Congressional and electoral districts Washington ond Adams, Jn South Carvulina, Charieston wae the seat of political infv. ence wih the federalists, who for several years con- trolled ve Whie the democracy was strongest in the interior ; and Columbia, the political cap’ was, we believe, the headquarters of Mr, Calt iyfinen: iu Georgia the federal party had wee, bot the infinence which governed tho Stote was, in early times, at Savannah. Afterwards the junto whieh roled the State was enocessively located at Augusts and Millidgeville. . To retrn to the State of New York. Tie Van Puren dynasty, we bave said, dates its ori jg iy the estoblishment of the Albany re on ¢ eS abia, eur, Genate, ie gency, in 1818. Martin Van resident in his native county of by Het a member of the 1812, four and re ele term, in 1816, He bad been ir ated for another of De Witt Clinton to the _ ~ favor of the election with a majority of the _.+ Presidency im 1812, and » voted for the Clint + New York Legislatore, dential clecte’ -@bian electoral ticket, (the Presi: ure,) br’. ««# then being chosen by the Legisla. ~ .a6 he was decidedly opposed to the noming» .40f Mr. Clinton by the Legislative caucus, ty 1817, to succeed Daniel D. Towpkins as Governor. Mr. Van Boren, however, acquiesced in the decision of the caucus in favor of Mr. Clinton, who was elect.’ ed Governor by the people without any organizeg opposition. The Legislature which met in Ji ¥ 1818, contained a large majority of the friends of Governor Clinton, and in the Assembly the Cline tonian candidate for Speaker received ninety-sevetr votea, having no opposition. In the Senate of 1818; however, there were a number of dubious characters, forming suitable materials for the operations of aw intrigner, and these doubtful men, with Mr. Var Buren and his friends, who were opposed ta Governor Clinton, formed a decided majority of the Senate. Mr. Hammond, who was then a mem- ber of the Senate, thus claseifies that body :— Anti-Clintonians (called Bucktsils), 13; Clintonians,; 7; doubtful, 7; federalists, 56-total, 32, Of the 27 Republican members of the Senate, the balance, not only of numbers, but of talent, was decidedly ig favour of the bucktalls. Under the first constitution of this State thé Council of Appointment consisted of the Governor and four Senators, who were cho:en annually by the -members of Assembly, and in this Council were vested all the powers of apvointing to office State county, and city officers throughout the State. Mr. Van Buren, of course, (says Hammond,) felt a deep interest in the choice of the Council of Appoint ment. His object would not be xcoomplished ifmen were placed in the Council a majority of whom were decidedly hostile to the Governor. In that case the public would impute all the errors which might bq committed, to the Council, and judge of the Execn- tive by his speeches. Nor was be willing that Mr, Clinton should have a Council which would accord with him in all his views and be subservient tohis wishes. 1t would, he thought, be more desira- ble to form a Council which the Governor could not control, but for whose acts the public wonld hold him, (Clinton,) responsible. In other words,.Mr. Va Buren wished to create a Council which abould bg nominally Clintonian, but which, at the same time, should be really hostile to the Governor, Partly by} management, and partly by accident, a Council of} the character last described was actually chosen :—< The members ofgthe Counci! were at that time desigs nated by acaucusof the republican members of Asser -| bly from each Senatorial divtriot. (the State being them) divided into four great Senate éwtricts.) In the southery district, which was represented ulmost wholly by bucks i Veter R, Livingston was minated; and in the -y Yates, who was the only professed republiy can Clintonian Senator from that distriat, was selected. Mr. Hamntond, who was himself Ctintonian Senator, was selected fiom the middle district, against the wishes of Mr. Van Buren, and, owing ta a quarrel among the Clintoniaus, who bad a majority of the republican members of Asvembl; from the western district, Henry Seymoer, a buck: tail, (father of the present Gcveroor,) was nominated “ Merers. Livingston, Yates, Seymour, and myself! (gays Hammond,) were the next day chosen, in pw suance of the decrees of these sub-caucussers.” Suh sequent events proved that Mr. Yates became op posed to Mr. Clinton. Here, then, wad & Council organized, consizting of Mr. Livingston, who open and virulent in his opposition; of Mr. Seymour; who was aqnally resolved in his hostility, but wary] smooth, and apparently muderate in his action; and Mr. Yates, a professed Clintonian, but un d influenced by bis brother, the judge, new openly x the opposition.” These three men, forining @ majority in the Count cil of Appointment, could of course overrnle, they did when they pleased, Governor into ond his friend Hammond; aud thus were Van Buren’s views carried out, by thwartin Governor Clinton, and neutralizing his por end influence with his friends, while Mr. Va Buren and his party avoided all share in th expousibility attached to the acts of the councif This operation showed the consumuate political and skill of Mr. Van Buren, who went on farther t «rganise his grand secret association, called the A} bany Regency. ‘This regency consisted of sacl State officers, judges of the covrts, and other ers of the bucktail party, who were located at Alb ny, and possessed of the confidence of Mr. Van B ten. Theergan of the regency was the Alban: Argus, in which tor a time Mr. Vantine, brother-in law of Mr. Ven Buren, and a State Senator fron Greene county, was a partuer, After the death o ir. Cantine Mr. Hdwin Crowell became the edito! of the Argus. The Albany regency had its confederates end co operators in the geveral couaties of the State, and these were picked men from the democratic ranks like King avid's mighty men of valo among the lsvaelites, in the city of Ne York the leaders of the Tammany Society, wh hated Mr. Clinton most cordially gladly co-operated with Mr. Van Buren in his plans to pit him down! and trom tie insignia of the society the anti-Clinto| niary gradually tired the name of “bnektails.” They finally comprised a vaet majority of the demo cratic party in the city and State, the Clintonians| being made up of federalists aud a portion of thd democracy. The subreyeucy men of the different counties had arduous duties to perform. They were to re| commend « e cundidates for appointment to of five, and ¢> sce that true and reliable bucktails were sont to the Lesislatuve to co-operate with the grand central rey at Albany. They were to have their rewards oftices, or in participations in the} chariers, grants and y Kes ade by the Legis jature. The le; y, Compored OF nen who fre quented bank #ol other charters! and vther local privileves, from the Logislatare, were often powerlal awsiliuries to the Albany re] gency. Mr. Van Buren had observed, thet d the administration of Goyeraor 't ompking the lob agents employed by the applicants for the Bank America proved tov poweriul fox that popular Gav. erhor, notwithstanding he poxogued the Logisle ture under the vain hope ot sireating the possagé of the bank charter. Van Buren wag doubtless | herefore, sensible of the poworfal influence of the obby acting asthe agenta of 9 faoneyed aristocra | oy. Many of the members of the regency became connected with the lobby, and aided in the pass: of Lanks ep2 other institaticns, although Mr. V; Buren himself generally avoide { all connection the transactions. When the North River Bank, Was in progress in the Logisiatare, in 1821 the Messts. Swartwout, who were the originators of that! bank, ecensed Mr. Van Buren of acting against thera In endeavoring to defeat the bank charter | He denied the chacge, and the bill passed, with the aid of the Clintonians, althorgh the Swartvau were Bucktals. The opposition tu the canal system, advocated b Gavernor Clinton greatly strengthened the influ. ence of the Albany regency, as tne counties oppo to the canals cont bucktail members to the Legt ture, who cooperited with Mr. Van Buren. He however, always favored the constractioa of the canals, and a large number of the bucktails co-oper ted with the frionds of Governor Clinton ia the p: bills to forward the cormpietion of the caual ‘Villian L. Marey first appears prominent in ou State polities about the year 1818. Hoe is a nativeof! Massachueelts, where he stadied and practised lat until the war of 1812, whon he served a short tim in the army on the frontiers of this State, and the war he settled in Troy, of which city he was ap pointed recorder by a democratic Council, but removed from office by @ Clintonian Council of Ap pointment, in June, 1819. He was afterwards occ: tiomtlly seen iy the lobby at Albany, during