The New York Herald Newspaper, August 16, 1853, Page 3

———EE_= Carrard Morard, Joseph Peryead, James Por: , and Marchon are dec! guilty of high trea. pon with attenuating circumstances, All the other 188 in nomber are acquitted, aud the has oréered their immediate release. The General and the parties to the civil action have reserved their righta in respoot of damages wae them, and by consent this question thirty years’ b at special sitting. The Pi sreurGeneral aske { ce banisbinent against MM Perrier and Delley, and of four years’ imprisoament against the five others. am. roud, ‘rocu- Prussian. Cc 38, now Fitting at Borlin, have Berbied ons Gonalderable reduction in the eharze for sheavy and bulky articles tranperted by the railway. rated painter, M. de Schadow, directo cele’ pain os low, director The ryuaseldort School of Fine Arte, baa béen cared eyes, Consequence of w! ‘been blind for me years. M. Ger Vinus has been dismissed from his func- *bions as Professor in the University of Heidelberg. Sweden despatch from Stockholm states that the Dan- and ‘Swedish fleet has been recalled before the forthe cruise of mancenyres has expired, and haste into the Bultic, oi Put ngust 1 : LYMOUTH, AI . ’ The site Nelson, Captain Frazer, of Glasgow, has ‘arrived off here from Melbourne in 106 days, having Om board about 25,000 ounces of gold and fifty pas- pode acre of whom landed here, with the master, ee a bag of letters on shore. to-day from Times says:— Acconnts have been received Melbourne (Victoria) to the “27th of April, ‘the last arrival. ng eleven days later than.those by ey and by the Anglia to Madras, whence the) ¢ fa 5 via ” Messra. wie were brought by the Yarra to a have come over! Marseilles. amg new ship the Kent, bad reached Melbourne, England, in 84 days, und the Harbinger steam- er, pacer to the screw company, had made the spaseage in seventy days, including six days spent in ‘Sous 20 that her sctual time was only sixty-four had been heard of the steamer Adelaide, which Plymouth on the 3d of January, and was ‘therefore 114 days out. At the date of the present advices may were bare, in 1 uence of the non-arrival of the large fleets, including alto- gether upwards of 100 vessels, that sailed from this Souney fn November, December, and January last, and wi for a long period were windbound in the Channel. No details are C Ape of the progress of ‘the gold production, and it is to be inferred that in everything was going ou satisfactorily. from the port of London for tl Australian o@lunies during the week, show no mate- rial alteration. They comprised altogether nine vessels—four to Port pEitip, with an aggregate ‘arden of 2,398 tons; three Hobart Town, with ‘an te burden of 1,720 tons ; one to Adelaide, of 1.171 tons; and one to Sydney, of 619 tons. Their total fcapacity was, consequently, 5.903 tons. The shipments of manufactures and ordinary merchan- dise it a tendency to increase, snd the rates of frelj Et havo further improved. The Daily News adés:—' From a useful state- ment drawn up by Mr. Miller, of the Jerusalem Coffee-house, we are enabled to extract some inte- resting particulars as to the proposed course of our Australian trade during the month now commenced. It ap) that no less than ninety-six veszels, many of which are of large tonnage, are fixed to leave Gravesend, Portemouth, Plymouth, and Southamp- ‘ton during August for our southern colonies. Of these, twenty-six voséels are for New South Wales, nine for Victoria, twelve for Adelaide, nine for Hobart Town, four for Laanceston, two for Swan ‘River, and four for New Zeland.” Indie. The last London journals say:— The commercial ite by the overland mail to-day were rather -dicoaragi . At rel owing to setting in of the y season, tifure had been no busiuess, and at Caloutta there was continued heaviness, with, in some cases, a further elight decline in prices. From Ohina the reports of the extent of transactions are alse unfavorable, but lees so than might have tee! anticipated under the critical events that were Frebings e dates by the present, mail are to the 16th Tame: Berita had shown ‘considerable during the month, but the traders had eotton manufactures, owing to the dis- in China, and had chiefly invested in Garces i pulta, percha, is coneonemnen ofthe ae rcha, im consequence 18 aC- counts ‘of the demand for itin England. The last intelligence from the Island of Laboan was to the 29th of April. The colony was healthy, and four veacels were loading coals for Hongkong and Singa- pore. The New York Crystal Palace in an English Pout of View: [From the London Nimes, August 1.) The Americans certainly are a very great neon. ‘What reason can we possibly have for disputing it? They are our own cousins. They are the offapring of our own nature, our ewn enterprise, our own national virtues, weaknesses, glories, and calamitics. To wgome extent they indicate that to which we tend, for the parts of England moat like America are Manches- ter, Liverpool, and Glasgow, and there are many who tell us the best thing we can all do is to be Iea- vened throughout by these model cities. So, as @ matter of self-protection to those who think , and even as @ matter of trutia, it be- eomes neceseary to take the Mf te ep that now and then present themselves ring ono little eaution about our Brother Jovathan, viz., the occasional disparity between hia promises and his performances. pa oe with great natural strength and much mechanical skill, with more land, more money, more children, and gene- rally more of the stuff of this world than fell to the share of his fathers before him, he is aj is vulgarly termed rather “‘uppish.” It is true that he makes a very grand in the world, and is ina fair way to muke a still grander. Most hearti- we wish that he j for every considera- Was” both ot interest tnd of feeling, sibuld incline wish him all that he may come by honestly between his two oceans. But le and young, States ought to be moded. ‘They w learn more for a little modesty. They will take more hints and catch more notions in higher regions of knowledge and taste, where instruction is whispered and looked rather than preached or dinned into the eer. But the best way to acquire this healtby and ease virtue is to Bie compare what one does the performances of others under equal circum- stances. Fortune happily soon gives the opportu- this comparison, as if to wake People from ceit; and just such an oppor- ont has fortune given our Transatlantic cousins in ‘the rival Gigs Palace they have boldly and meri- toriously set up at New York. We must say, and ‘they must say, that on the whole they look rather ‘small in this competion. Itis partly because they really could not do better. It is n> fault of ours that we have nota Niagara on the Thames, or excellent land at 5g. an acre on the Great Northem Railway. In like manner, it really is no fault of the United States if they cannot get so numerous and so splendid a concouree of visiters and so wonderful a mas of contributions as we did in a metropolis of two million people, and within a few days ijeatany of a dozen great capitals. But we cannot forget that ourclever eousins were to ‘flog’ ua as they “ fogged all crea- tion” besides, and that, at a word, they were to raise up a cloud of glass as quickly as ourselves. The thing was to be done the My year, so that half the articles in our Exhibi were to be trans ferred at once from their pedestals or their cotnters in Hyde Park to new on h a ehew fae ea at Brooklyn, or some suc! In the first place, the smartest nation in the world has failed in the Renae condition of cuccess—it has not kept time. Having den poued Exbibition from 1862 t so; ithad tree eta after sll, to defer the o: ening from May 1 to July 15 and meanwhile had acquired s0 much credit td pre. orastination that the — at last has reall; le by rise. “It will be impossible to com- the whole work,” we are told, “ including the machinery department, in lesa than three or four weeks.’’ ‘In fact, the additional structure required for it will not be finished till then, England has kept dime, as usual, having sent Lord Ellesmere in a fri 80 early as to give his lordehip rather too much time, for, as often hay when. People have time to » be only arri from Quel on the day the pera. had caught a Gt of his old cnemy, the » Which, after all, prevented ae nt at he ceremony. Perhaps, like the rest of the world, he thenght the conductors of the affair had been ¢rying “wolf” so often that the Exhibition would never open. The national yeasol of France is still Mid oe thas bes ame arg told en- almost im . behing h media’ follow. make it up’ with promises, As for the lings of the day, we ann only say that roy’ its are much more inotual, conve nient and creditable than republican ; and that een Victoria understands her basiness, and joes it with much lees fogs, and much more ‘to the satisfaction of the Public, than Mr, Pierce. Her Majcety, aa everybody knows, entered “our Crystal Palace punctually as the clock struck, -after bowing without intermission to half @ million -ef her loyal mbjects filling the two ks. She ‘then stood about an hour, and pasred throm th va- etious ceremonies, and made numerons hr ‘She then walked in procession fh all cipal g: of the building, ing all ex: actly a mile, and then returned home with much ‘the same eoremony. Had her Ma ‘esty not appeared for three-quarters of an hour after time, her subjects would have thought s ancthing serfonsly windga. Mr. Piorce had made his own punctuality de- pane that of a train from Washington, He 4 “worm down with fatigue,” had “to “on her eQouragi far, all apccasion take achair and enjoy 5 few moment's rest;" though why he should be in tate aftera railway jour ney we cannot divine, After a speech, which might have taken two minutes, and the substance of which was far from exhaustive of-the matter or the man, Mr. Pierce had then to encounter some real hard work. It wes stated some mouths since that the worthy President was literally chased from city to city by a determined body of tea thousand pla.e- bunters, who followed him in fall cry the instant he showed in public. It would appoar that the un- satistied of the pack took tickets for the opening, for the instant Mr. Pierce had closed his speech a rush was made for the platform, all anxious to take the opportunity to shake him by the crowd 0 deca from_presang pen ian, and ft crow esi resaing upon him, an was for some time feated that in- the immense thron, he might enstain bodily in} . After great exertion, however, he was m_ his friends ithout sustaining any. harm, but excessively fa- tigued by the zealous attentions bestowed upon him. He was carried to the Astor House, where “he gr a Hy eA 8 was e' jaboring severe physical Gebility, the journal from which we quote e6o cover sonar pes that he will soon re- veh m owe any labors which he ba in Happily the President nicked toa Win one up sufficiently in the course ofthe evening to visit the ladies’ drawing- room of the Astor House, escorted by Mr. Goorge Sanders, United States Consul to Englan According to another ascount, he and his cabinet even danced in the “ parlor” of the hotel, and then sat down to an excellent supper at the “ ladies’ orii- nary.” §So brisk a conolusion rather redeems the dragging day's work; bat we cannot help asking, why twenty millions of the cleverest in the world cannot choose a President at least sound in wind and limb, able to travel from Washington to New York without knocking up, and able, also, to make 2 better speech than an average Common Councilman in this city. We bag acorn farther, why cannot protect the man chosen from being fairly “ ran into” by his pursuers in the midat ofa national ceremony, and before he has time to take breath after finishing 8 pee Splonas ads suet alee sean a great, , and, above all, sei oe aoe lamer than this ceremonial. a rt ld Bevin Chonan ople were got together, and seem to have filled the pullding. They had to four hours for the commencement of the proceedings —a delay too similar to some instances of English mismanagement to create any surprise—though everybody knows that seven thousand og can take their es, in an adequate building, in less than halfam‘hour. Butthe speech of the day—Mr. Bedgwick’s eloquent address-—is quite incomprehen- sible. Half of it is on the very striking and instructive circumstance that the authors of the affuir, at the truly original suggestion of no less @ person than the late Mr. Webster, had concei the grand idea of asking Mr. Pierce to open the exhi- bition, and so giving a national character to the en- terpriee. To us it seems a matter of course that the President should inaugurate the exhibition; that his doing so ehould not be considered to mean very much; that he should attend punctually to his ap- pamenh, aud make a speech, not too short or too jovg—-not too vague, nor, on the other hand, going too much into details, and confined rather closely to the objects of the exhibition. But, after all, his rgbe dulness, his unnecessary fatigue, his con- ict with the place-hunters, and flight to the Astor Hougse—the incomplete state of all tho arrangements, and rayon fallin; ov, of abet att se assed by the speech which appears to represent the Fontinents and combined eloquence of Lig executive body. To what purpose Lpalgceig of man, who, whatever his other (qualities, had not a word to say about the exhibition—except that we live in a “ utilitarian’ age—which we certainly do not, and of which the sight before him affo the most palpable contradiction? In our exhibitioa—and it appears to be the same in the foreign departments at New York—nothing was more remarkable than the prominence of the arts ministering to our finer tastes over those which serve our necessities or pam- r our appetites. At least, lalf the object of the bition at New York is to attract to America thoce European arts which have hitherto found com- paratively little favor there. But we will not criti- cise. The Americans themselves must admit that their exhibition, their executive management, their opening day, and their President, cat a very sony figure by the side of the British parallels. Markets. 1. Corton Marker, July 30.—The sales of cot- Lrvxeroo! ton to-day amount to 8 000 bales, of which 690 American are on apéculation, and 1.00@ American for export. The market ay jet, at yesterday's prices Aug. ‘There good business done in cot- ount te 8.500 bales; 2,000 ou speculation and for export. Prices continue firm. ‘Aug. 2.—The market bas been quieter to-day, and the Genand moderate. The eales are 7.000 bales; 3,400 on Ppeculstion and for export. Prices steady. RICHARDSON, BROTHERS & CO.’8 CIRCULAR, ‘Aug. 1. 1853. Our supplies are still Loy & very liberal scale; how - ever. with very unfavorable weather, the demand for wheat ard ficur the last few days fhas been more ani- mated, acd deduction noted on last Friday fa'ly recovered, Liverpoot, Aug. 2, 1853. ‘Tho weather during market time was very fiae, aod the trade assumed a quieter tone; purchasers of wheat and flour acting ae the recerve, ouly a Hwiled basiness reaulted iu either, avd-we qnote prices precisely the same an upon this day week. The demand for Indian corm was altogether confined to feeding descciptions, which rell at 80s. a 3Gn. 6d. per 480 Iba. beter classes of oats in fair demend at extreme rat Oatmeal continues quite neglected Egyptian beansrather easier. Grinding Bfr- ley scarce, and ranted, JAMES M'HENRY’S CIRCULAR. Livervoor, August 2. 1853. At this day's corn market there waa les activity than for rome cays previously, aud the extreme prices for nd were not maintained. Indian corn was steady. LaRp was forther advanced, with an increasing demand and very mcderate stocks. Brey und Pork continve wanted, Tn Bacon there is a fair business doing. SHouLprRs have dropped 16 30s., which has taduced a more active cousumption. Curese keeps eoarce, ard is much looked for. RSE eE ‘Telegraph Compauies. AN ACTTO AMEND AN ACT ENTITLED “AN ACT TO PRO- VIDE FOR THE INCORPORATION AND REGULATION OF TELEGRAPH COMPANIES,” PASSED APRIL 12, 1848. PASSED JUNE 29, 1853. ‘The people of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assemby, do enact as fol Sec. 1. Any number of persons may associate for the purpoee ‘of owning or constructing, using and maintaining a line or lines of electric telog ph, whether wholly within or partly beyond the limits of this State; or for the purpose of owning any interest in any such line celine of electric telegraph, or any grants therefor, upon such terms and condi- tions, and subject to the liabilities prescribed in the act passed April 12, 1848, entitled “An act to pro- vide for theincorporation and regulation of telegraph companies.” And such associ shall, upon com- pising with the pelo ud Se aad act, male corporate, and shall have the powers, and- subject to the provisions in the said act; and in the several acts amending the same, contained, not in- consiatent herewith. And any telegraph company now owning or nolo ay legraph line, either wholly or partly within this State, may become a body corporate, and entitled to the benefit of the rovisions herein contained, on filing in the office of Recretary of Btate a certificate of a resolution — ed by a majority of its board of directors to organize under this act; which said certificate shall contain the aeriaeeae required by the said recited act, and i be proved or sepscusedaes, and recorded in the manner therein + Sec. 2, Such ig authorized to erect and constract, from time to time, the fixtures for such lines of telegraph, upon, over or under any of the public roads, streets and highways, and through, acroes or under any of the waters within the limits of this State, subject to the restrictions in the said recited act contained; and also to erect and construct such fixtures, upon through or over any other land, subject to the right of the owner or owners thereof to full compensation for tho same. And if any such association cannot agree with the owner or owners of any land talten or used by such association, for the compensation to be paid therefor, it shalt and may be lawful) for such association, or such owner or owners, to apply to the county court of the oy ih which such lands are, by petition, stating the facts in relation thereto; and after the ie of Seeeny-apy cage from the filing of such etitien, and notice th given to sach associa- ion, or to the owner or owners of such land, as the case may be, it shall be the duty of the said court to appoint five disinterested persons to make a just and equitable assessment and appraisal, in the man- ner directed by the saia recited act, of the loss or damage, if nny, which may have been, or ia likely to be sustained by the owner or owners of such land taken or used ag id, whilst such land shall have been, or shall continue to be, used as aforesaid. Bs Batt be neces om ent and aiaee fora (pti @ annual rent or compensa! e suc association for such use, or in lien thereof, cy am in stop as the compensation for allowing the @xtures longing to such association permanently to con- tinue, the same to be ropaired, improved and renewed, or removed, from time to time, as such a# sociation may require. Sec. 3, Every such compan: Ine of electric telegraph, pe ly within and beyond the limite of this State, shall render to the pro- of the cost to such com; per officer a true re) ip of their works within this State; and the stock of suc! Sy a in amount equal to such cost, or the divi- de , Shall be subject to taxation io the fame manner, and at the same rate, as the stocks or dividends of other companies incorporated by the Jawa of this State, are subject. we 4. The liabi 4 Say sna ce ig pnts! ~ com] or wed under act, Ww proi for in the ack, of which thie fs an seendueenn, shall only opply to the amount due by any sash share or stockhelder in such-company, and unpaid, ou or for any such or atogk. owning or br! a partly Imprisonment of en Awmistean in Now Gaanada. Srare Parzon, Canrmaguna, June 25, 1853. Jauue G, Bexwert, EsQ. :— The liberty I now take in addressing you with this, will not cause you, I hope, the leavt displeasure, Some years have rolled over since { had the pleasure of first meeting and becoming acquainted with you— it was at the Franklin House, New York, cither in the years 1841 or 1842 last; and since that time I have travelled considerably through the world, both home and foreign, im the United States Navy. Lastly, I made my residence at Panama, at which place I kept a hotel, well known by the name of the New York Hotel, in the year 1850. I sold the hotel out and out, and, to better my position, as I thought, I purchased a number of mules, and run them be- tween Panama aud Cruces. On the 13th September of the said year, 1850, I was taken prisoner on the charge of shooting a native, and was detained in prison nearly one year. At the same timo there were some three or four Chilans and an American confined in the same prison for robbing the train on the Isthmus, and, to make their eseape, they used gome foul means—such as giving the guard a sleep- ing dravght of some kind, so as to effect their pur- poee, which caused hia death; at the same time they, the prisoners, wished me to escape also; but no! no! I knew the charge I was confined for— shooting. At the triel, I was honorably acquitted on that point ; but they, the authorities, said I was con- cerned in the plot of the prisoners making their escape. ‘There were no witnesses for or against me on either charge at the trial, from which cause I received a sentence of ten years in the Carthagena prison, in which place I am now confined, and have been ever since. As soon as Commodore McAuley, of the United States frigate Savannah, heard of my case he immediately came down to Panama, when the American Consul told him not to be in any way alarmed, as I should be honorably acquitted. As soon as the Commodore left I received the sentence, and thought I was unjustly dealt with. I made up my mind to make my escape, and effected it on the 4th July, 1861, when I embarked for San Francisco, at which place I was kidnapped and sent back to Panama. Knowing there is no treaty between the States and New Granada for any prisoner to be taken, I appeal to the public for redress. Since I have been bere in Carthagena, the American Con- sul, Mr. Sanchez, has done all in his power for me, (knowing I am innocent,) with the Governor of this city. He also communicated with the American Minister, Mr. King, at Bogota, who said, in reply, the demand ought to be mado by tho President of the United States, as he well know there was no treaty to detain me. As an American, J appeel to the people, as there are thousands of citizens in New York who have boarded at my hotel in Panama, who can testify as to my character and respectability. I have also ad- dressed the President of the United States, who, I hope and trust, will take my unhappy and unfortu- nate case into his favorable consideration, and use his utmost ei) eg Bir, I beg leage to I honorably served my country from the year 1833 to 1848, in the United States Navy. My last craise was in the Columbus, seventy-four, Commodore Biddle, in the East Indies. I have one thing to add: I am not confined like all prisoners are; but must say, had I been placed in Yor robbing a train, or such like, upon the Isthmus, I should be more kindly treated. There have been two individuals confined with me here tor robbing the train, and every means taken and effort made by them to escape, which they effected; aud I wish to show why prejudice is so against mo in Panama, by the citizens. In the year 1860, when the mobs were, the life of one of our American citizens, named Mr. Summers, of New York, was taken by the natives; and other Americans being missing from Panama at the time, I took an active part with the Americans to quell the mob, and saved the life of one Mr. Turner, a fellow-citizen, who was a partner of the American Consul; at the same time, I also gave up the hotel to the American Consul, as a guard house, for they were greatly alarmed lest the natives would rise that night to take the lives of more of our citizens, and the natives threatened to revenge themselves on mo for taking so active a part in behalf of the Ameri cana. For that reason, they showed me ne quarter on my trial. Three different times the citizens assem- bled together purposely to pull down the prison. It would have been so, only the American consul, Mr. McConrine, addressed them publicly, and told them I should be honorably acquitted. Sir, what I have declared and stated to you, I beg of your kindness to have inserted inoue of the columns of your valuable paper, the Herp, aa I am not only anxious to be liberated, for my own sake, but for the sake of my family, who are solely dependent upon my industry for their livelihood. I have now been a prisoner fully three years, and were it not for the esteemed kindness of Mr. Sanchez, the American Consul here, I really don’t know what I should have done; and if all the American consuls were like him, Mr. 8., foreigners abroad would have no need of troubling their own govern- ment. I beg to subscribe myself, sir, your most obedient, &c., Witiiam G. Hance. P. 8—Carthagena at the present is very un- healthy. Pleas=' tal Term. Before Hon. Ju idee Daly. Av@. 15.—Divorce Case.—Julia O'Dell vs. Chas. Hewlett—The plaintiff in this case sued for a di- vorce from her husband, on the ground that he had committed adoltery in Thirty-seventh street. The matter was sent before J. D. Hoyt, Esq., as referee, and it now comes before the Court for confirma- tion. The Judge held that the proof in this case is altogether too loose. It may warrant the in- ference, that the defendant and Mary Carter had but all the circumstances of the visit of plaintir and her mother to the rooms of Mary Carter, should have been detailed with more erica The case should net have been left Test on so loose a statement. Mary Carter should have been examined, to remove all suspicions of collasion , 80 as to leave no doubt in the mind of the court of the guilt of the parties. The questions put to the witnesses should have been written down, as formerly the practice, thas the court may have a transcript of the circumstantes. The case inust be referred back for more particular proof. “A Srrono Minpep Womay.’—A woman In Obio, having exhausted hor patience in endeavor! to save a drunken husband, called on the liquor sel- lers, and politely requested them not to sell her hus- band any more. They all declared they had not, and would not sell him any liqnor. On Thursday afternoon, while ont in search of her husband, she found him drank and almost senseless in a ram den. At the lamentable condition in which she found her husband she became very much enraged. Provoked to madness she seized a club about two and a half feet in length, with which she broke to pieces a large decanter fijled with whiskey, just placed on the counter as she stepped in for the accommodation of some four or five drunken sots. The next move she swept pitcher and glasses from the couoter; this made te doggery-keeper furious; he attacked the lady, while she with both hands seized the club and with one fell-stroke brought him to the floor. He raised the cry of murder and fled. The rest of the inebriates, seeing the practical demonstrations of her skill, fled the house. Having the Ce to her- self she coolly and deliberately walked to the whiskey barrel and beer keg and broke the faucets, causing the contents to run out over the floor. After which she broke all the jugs, bottles and flasks that could he found. Srorting IntErLierNoe.—Sinavtan Haw.ver- NaTION.—A young man of about twenty-four years of age was last evening brought to the Second dis- trict station houge, and confined therein for his sin- gular conéuct in the streets. Upon being interro- gated the officer in attendance, to ascertain whether he was sane or crazy, he told the official, in answer to a question put to him concerning the canse of his singular conduct, ‘that he was a trot ting horse or a jackass,” and it puzzled him greatly to determine which of the two specimens of the quadruped he belonged to. “Bat,” said he, “if peo- ple would not ‘time me’ when I go through the atreeta, and say ‘ho’s a trotter,’ I shoulda’t let out— shouldn't show them my time. Why, do you know that I am entered for the next trot at Berstogs rings, going to a sulkey, beat three in five, and I oint in no condition te troteither”"” Tho poor fellow was allowed to cool down, end after sleeping a few hours, was this morniag taken to Utica——Albany Transcrijt, Aug. 9. DAMEL WEBSTER FIPTY-TWO YBARS 60, | nee His First Oration at Dartmouth Collage. The Initial Point of bis Mighty Carcer, VALUABLE BISTORIGAL RELIC, AN OBATION, _ ON OPINJON. Fou THE ANNIVERSARY OF TuR Unite FRarcanrry, A.D. 1801. BY DANIEL WEBSTER. Meantime o; with various ra) EC gra ry hh eid y dl Amid the variety presented at this anniversary, in- @uige us in asking your attention fur a moment to the influence of instability of opinion—a suiject though not new, perhaps #8 little hackneyed as apy that falls witdin, he pl re of jui- The world is a devotes to custom; scarcely does the mind begin to expand before tashion throws her chain over a moiety of its powers, under the names of “ taste,” “fashion,” “ prescription,” and ‘ee exthortty S Opinion provaly trumphs in the pro- inces of 1 5 ion, politics, and manners. It bars investigation, subdues gagius, aud, like the touch of the torpedo, deadens each ty of the intellect. But opiniun is a master no leas versatile than im} rious—no less capricioas than austere; while its discipline is vigor, its elewent is change, But, for us to mark all the wanderings of sentiment would be end- less, since it would require us to run through the catalogue of humanerrors. But to point at conspicu- ous instances in which opinion assumes the purple and dictates with imperial authority, may, perhaps, not be unentertaining upon the mo pi ugh not embellished with the flights of genius nor decorated with the efflorescence of fancy. We want not prcéf that man is made for im- provement and excellence. If we were inclined estion this, however, Plato, Tully, New- ton, and other ilflustrious names, crowd at once into our fecollection to dispel doubt and silence suspicion. Yet, we know, the dreams of enthusiasts the coe Age of ceed the time Mess apex a perfection ined, never been an cts never will be realized. ‘The ardent philan- rophist, of any age, looking forward through the {gic bb of years, bebolds in his imagination, man nature rising like a pyramid, and the arts and sciences progressing without relapse or retarda- tion. But this is all a delusion and a dream—the web of fancy brushed away by the vreath of expe- rience. The majonty of mankind are still in igno- Tance; as one nation rises to civilization, another sinks into barbarism—as this art or science fiads en- couragement or cultivation, that is lost and forgotten. ‘Where is now the embalming of tho ancient Egyp- tians? Where are the “speaking pictures’ of Apelles? or the * breathing marble” of Praxiteles 7 Where, now, is a Demosthenes, with eloquence alternately blazing and obacure as the irregalar irruptions of Vesuvius? ora ‘Lully, with a olear, in- cestant light, like the flamings of Strombolo? For these we look in vain from the genius of lateStimes, What, then, are the causes whivh deny to this or any other age, universal science’ Shall we confine them solely to ‘the moral corruption of man? or shall we say, two, that wisdom is blended with weakness, and that the imbecility of our nature ajluws it latitude to the sports of fancy and caprice and the tyr: of opinion? Various causes, undoubtedly, contribute eir force to clip the wisgs of haman pride and defeat the of philanthrophy. Impatience of ipauiry, pecalie ities of temper, attavhments, eonnec- tions, among the rest, the depravity of the heart, have all their respective influence. But equally con- nential and cious as these is the influence of opinion—is that mute obsequiousness to authority, that taking things at secondhand, and admitting them into a creed. without care or examination, or, on the other extreme, that infatuated love of novelty which hurries us from one thing to another, without order or control. These extremes are the effects of the same cause, differently Weiegisf for that im- becility of mind which ties a man down by dogmas received from prescription, may, in another freak of fancy, hut from all his positions, and bear him away into new, the 1B and the brilliant. ‘Thus opinions works wonders, without enlisting as auxiliaries any other passions than love of antiquity or of novelty. A free, candid spirit of inquiry, a dis- position to a) to self-judgment, to ver and reject each old or new abgurdity, to retain and adopt each old and new improvement—has seldom prevail- ed_in any age or country. Hence opinidas are as different as the complexion, of different minds, and these, again, as varivus as the features of the face. Mathematical philosopyg does, indeed, establish a a circle within which speculation and fancy are re- strained; but so soon as we step without the pale of this science we are embarked on an ocean, without Pole star or compass. There can be no better exemplificatien of our subject than the contest between the material and ideal philosophers. ‘The former, conversant in enquiries about external objects, introduce all their materialism into the doctrine of spirit. With them,'spirit must occupy space—can receive no impression but from contact. .There can be no thoughts without images, and in that,the soul, and even Deity, must be ma- terial! The absurdity of this systen ae at longth exhibited, its reformers, in the rage of innovation, over-reached the bounds of common sense, and dis covered that we have no proofs of the real material existence of anything. most wonderful discover and highly worthy the genius that produced it ! Common abilites would never extend to so great an inconsistency. It requires refinement on absurdity to draw such an inference from the premises that exist around ug. Who, of less talents than Berkley,* would convert hills aud rivers into tumificial and aqueous ideas? Or who but he could pull the sun from his sphere in the sky by an argament of logic, and place a burning idea in his stead? Who but the fashionable Hume, after writing volumes of his- pry. could set himself down to convince us that he had only been telling # Utopian talc?—that his revolutions and conspiracies had no existence but in fancy—that his Henrys and his Edwards were noth- in, it resemblances, and that he bimself,in the height of his reputation, was at best but a scribbling idea! As these ideal philosophers sheltered them: selves in the fortresses of metaphysics, their theory, however obviously inconsistent, was not easily refuted. But the practical part of their ae exposed them to ridicule. Though they might tell us that moun- tains, seas and temples were put ideas, yet a child of this doctrine who had broken his skull upon a stone, made a sorry figure in saying that he had beaten his brains out st an idea! But the fashion of this oe away,and the metaphysics of Hume and of Berkley, and all their associates, are rapidly hastening where they will be heard of no more—to the land of nae ideas and resemblances. In reli- gion, the triumphs of opinion and rel judiceare no less bee than in science. Look through the ages of ristianity, read the history of the persecutions, roscriptions, beheadings and burnings that have harrassed and destroyed the Protestants, and Fac will acknowledge that the collossal monument of re- bo pee tyranny has threatened to crush hamanity. The princes and bierarchs of Burope have, through a course of centuries; committed enormitics at which buman nature startles! and all under the plausible pre- text of supporting religion. But does religion delight in massacre and bloodshed? Isit propagated by fire, sword and desola ion? Did religion suggest th > edicts that banished the Huguencts from France? Does it glow in the thunders of the Papat See? Does it stream with the blood of the Inquisition, or ascend with the flames of martyrdom? Did it wave the banners of the cruciix over the South Americans, and drench in blood Mexico and Peru? Wasit re- ligion, or was it a holy phreazy, that originated the Crusades and laid wi the regions of Pales ine? Is devotion monopolized by the inhgbitanta of a dull gioomy forest, or shut up within the walls of uconvent? Has religion avowed hostility w'th the assions and feelings of nature? passions and feel ngs which man derives from his God. Behold the crippled pilgrim hobbling over mountains, and crose- ing extents of ocean, to how and to worship on the desolated ruina of Jerusalem, or wandering through the blistering sands of Arabia to bend before the tomb of Mahoiwet avd adorea delusion! Are these the dictates of rational religion ? or {a it superstition, whore throne is girded in blackness, that emits these mlsta to benighten the intellect ? As we Sena the world of politics we eater on & region where opinion has performed its greatest achievemente—where it has started beyond the limits of common reason, and pushed itself onward with the most eccentrte flights of the human mind. What 0 difference between the political sentiments of this day and those entertained two centuries ago! Man was then torpid and unfeeling beneath the thorny lash of oppression. A slavish dependency, an uncon- ditional devotion to his master's will, were his boast and glory. Slothfal and inactive, ignorant, and incapa- ble of pe ip aoe he approached the throne of power, at the same time his political creed and reli- gions belief. These were the disgracefal feelings and sentiments that brutalized the mind under the reigna of the Henrys and Lewises. Nothing then was heord but the “Divine Right of Kings’’—tho right of Kings to tyrannize and. oppress, to proscribe and fect fke the fight of Kings to barter thelr sub- ects like cattle; to commit the Tower and the Bastile, the scaffold and the dungeon, the prison and the grave, without the ceremonies of trial. Shocking indced must be the degradation of the hu man mind when euch sentiments found advocates, and such outrages impunity. From this state of de- crepitude and despondency, from this abyss of sla- very and wretchedness, man at length arose, and, # By cousling the marae of Fevkloy with that of Hume, on thin page, it iemct rreant that fhe former partook of { the deiem of the Intior, It ix believed that the ood Bi Lop ca¥ not the eousequecots of his aoaptionl rotlons, aed that be did wot inteationsily point a lancet at tae ‘yoins of the Christion faith, ike dune, Shaftsbury aad + Bolingbrobe. Uke 8 bird just loosed from the snare, songht safety in the opposite extieme, While he bailt an euor- mous mound to secure bit from the approaches of the tyrant--while he entrenched himself in covstitu- tions aud compacts with his sovereign, aud b.asted tu having created sufficient barriers against the en- crouchments of bak eer grin uuwartly left himself expored on the one band to the attacks of that li- centiousness that diserms aud dissipates. Thus one extreme a'ternates with another, and, from a superstitious rigidity, man falls away into 4 wicked laxity of principle. The Divive ftight of Kings” was @ phrase as significant, per- haps, in the seventeenth century, as the : gg oe righta of man” in the nine. teenth. are words without ideas, That man, as a creature of God, and a member of society bas certain righta, essential and inalienable, truth to the lovers ef rational liberty. But that modern epinion attaches te the term aignifica- tions ridiculous and subversive of goes bapple nesa, cannot be denied. These new-found and fa! begotten “rights of man” bave just as much mean- ing as the cabstantial forms of Aristotle; but in their consequences they have proved emphatically the wrongs of the human race and the destruction of the species. They are taught amidst the orgies of an-— feast, propagated at the mouth of the cun- non aud on the point of the bayonet. They have these ten years shaken Europe to her centre, and the distant murmurings of the tempest they occa- sion have been heard on the remote shores of Asia and America. They are planted in the blood- moistened svil of Germany, in the lowlands of Bel- gium. They are fostered amid the howling desola- tion of the mountains of Switzerland. They have transported the veterans of ane into Africa, and are at this moment bap the Nile with the mixed blood of three quarters of the ‘globe. They were cherished by the sea breeze off the Capo-of Bt. Vin- pe at the Texel, in the Buy of Aboukir, and before agen. jut the rights of man are not the only improve- mevts ushered in to decorate the close the eighteenth century. Woman also comes forward to prefer her claims, and she finds an udvocate. Mary Wolstoncraft aj as the champion of ber scx, armed to coml prejudice and establish justive. Mary has exercised her talents to raise the fe- male mind from the mire of ignorance and the Sic of vanity, and to give di fet? and charac ter. Here you ht remark the difference of opinion on the subject of female education, Ask a North American savage the proper business of woman, and he will tell you the culture of the corn field; @ Nor- wegian, and he answers, to direct the reindeer or to chase the seal ‘‘o’er the piles of ice that prop the Polar star.” Ask an Asiatic, and he will say, to sigh away her soul in amorous a} ie and to bura her self on the funereal pile of her husband. A young, gay Parisian, and he says, to be sure, to becone an earthly goddess. illuminated and indescribable—to ursue the round of pleasure and fashion, to break- fast on compliment, dine on flattery, and sup in ip- fay. But ask Mary Wolatoacratt, and she will tell ou a story different from all. She will show you the ladies legislators and magistrates, representatives to Congrees, and ministers plenipotentiary. Instead of their toilet and their volume, she will have thom spend their hours over French treaties and British treaties; and instead of calculating their pin money, they ase to become financiers to a nation. Wonder- ful epoch! when female legislators shall supersede the use of Locke and Sidney, and petticonted pedants shall rival Montesquieu! But let us turn from theory— Jet us look to practice; from the lucubrations of Mary, Jet us turn to the bistory of her life, and we shail find that prostitution and infamy are the issue of the new system, certain, inevitable, irreversable. Opinion, in modern times, effects much by the magic of names. New end pompous titles are sought for in the verbiage of sophomoric declamation, and the charms of sound are intended to supply the place of eense. Philosophy is a term now appropri- ated to back inconsistency and commend folly. Kor- etting the dignity ofitsancestry—forgetting its fos- fathers of old—philosophy descends trom the gravi- ty of sober reason to countenance fnvolity, and smile at vice. Socrates and Plato were true philosophers: they were emphatichally lovers of wisdom, and prac- tised what they loved. But had it peen their allot ment to live in these days, they had been peinted out as sons of delusion and ‘advocates for the reign of terror, But while these are discarded from the cata- logue, other philosophers of a fashionable stomp are springing up on every side, to hasten the periection our nature and forebode the millenium! William Godwin has told us that there is no more propriety in punishing the guilty than the innocent—that the necessity of sleep in animated bodies would ere long be suspended—and that, as the knowl of physio Fepecemed, man would become imm on earth. These wonderful discoveries, new aud astonishing, suffice for Godwin. He has at once thirty notes of ad- muiration at! to his name, and is set down for a philosopher. Paine delared the Revelation was a forgery—a masterly exertion of priesteraft aud de- ception. This is sufficient for Paine; and, though staggering with intoxication, the doors are thrown open and he is admitted to the superb palace of P ilosophy, and directed to a seat on the right and of Godwin. The pro of _ becom: ing a philosopher is plain and easy. Let any man revile Cbristianity—let him ‘exercise an uncontrollable and unconquerable malevolence to the clerey and spin out some new political theory: Opinion immediately announces him a coavert to rexson, and decorates his temples with the garland of philosophy. A swarm of fiaciaies gather around him, and shout in the language of Lucullus— Codite Romani, Cedite Graii | These are the principles that guide the new school. Such are the visionaries that mistake the dreaina of their own minds for the oracles of philosophy. Gentlemen of the Bocicty—Ovcasions like the resent have usually called from your orator a vaic- ictory address. Though philosophy teaches us to disregard the social affections, and to love a brother no better than a stranger, yet perhaps we may be “so old fashioned,” so superstitious, as to feela pensive tenderness oppress our hearts on the day of our separation. Our brethren who have here longer to continue will accept our congratulations on the respectability of their standing. Perscvere in in- dustry, “ aud in due time ye will reap your reward, if ye faint not.’ Let your conduct be open and manly,and never bow to those contracted, despicable notions that would tie you down to the splitting of a particle. Opinion has told you that college is a very temple of fame—that the amaranth bestowed by a bradjrmons Mele blossom forever; but this is ‘a mistake : the lat of fame are reaped in more extensive fields, in scenes of danger and hazard, or gained by a life of labor and contemplation. The badges you assume remind me, my brethron, that the most painful duty remaias unperformed. You are now to carry back your minds to that pe riod when the ravages of death tore from our bosom a brother and a friend. You remember that Simonds fellin the morn of manhood. You remember the agony of your spirits as you followed his pallid corse 1 aS Tne cidsuslstcind tle wa gloe 8 tu ear mole l—the se oe ym, _ And every ead appendage of the toh, . will ever live in your recollection, and your united ‘affections will bless his memory. Asa friend, as a brother, aud as a Christian, we loved him—we will consecrate bis ashes in the hallowed urn of our hearts, and friendship and love shall bedew them to the latest period of our existence. Simonds has set us an example—be it ours to learn wisdom. Like him let us be virtuous—like him let us‘be religious; ond we shell meet him again in the realms of bles sedness; and,as he has here admitted us to his friendship, so, there, he shall er acknowledge us, and with the smile of an angel, addiess wse—" Wel- come, my brethren.” Recovery of Lost Dreusurcs. The Kennebec Journal gives the following ac- count of the success of an expedition lately fitted out from Gardiner, Maine, for the recovery of treasures froma an ancient wreck on the coast of Venezuela:— The pee | for which this search was instituted wes lost in the Spanish ship San Pedro, of 84 guna, on the coast of Veneguela, in the year1814. It was during the revolutionary trouble there, when the provinces were in revolt against the Spanish govern- ment. At the time of her los, the shiplay about fiftcen mites from the island of Margueritta, and about five from the smaller island of Coche, and had on board specie to the amount of several millions Sps- nish dollars and doubloons. The vessel was destroyed by fire, originating in the spirit room, and supposed to have been set py en emissary of the insurgents, who had introduced himself on board. The specie was stored near the magazine, and in the explosion which ensned was scattered out of the stern of the ehip like shot froma gun. Many of the crew pe- ed in the flames. Attempts have been made from time to tine to recover the specie, but without much success. Last fall some enterprising citizens of Gardiner fitted out the schooner Lamartine, for the purpose of prosecut- ing the search with vigor. She was provided with everything deemed necessary to ensure success—div. ing bills, submarine armor, air pumps, and a steam- engine on deck to work the pumps. The crew and officers numbered sixteen. Having obtained a permit from the oxisting go- vernment to engage in the search, conditioned that a per centage of money recovered should go into the government treasury, ey "passe to the spot and commenced operations. o wreck was fortunately found with but little difficulty, lying in sixty feet of woter, and in a spot quite favorable for of ons; but the explosion of the ship's magazine had so scat- tered the coin that no considerable quantity of them remained together. Besides, they were ied to the depth of six inches in the sand, which had to be scooped up and pers through a coarse sievo— making the operation a good deal like California mining, with the additional disadvantage of working in the confined space of a diving bell, in ten fathoms of water. Two pines made the descont at a time, and being supplied constantly with fresh air, could remain down several hours without inconvenience, When the space embraced in the circumference of the bell had “been worked ont, it was moved to another place, and in this manner they examined the bottom all around the wreck, ior an acre of ground, The money was MayTD pretty ee equally over the bottom, generally bent and buried by the force of the explosion, aud in some instances @rivew into the timber of the ship. We were shown & cannon shot, to which adh o mass of shells and iron rust, having a couple of dollars imbedded ip it. Many interesting relics and curiosities were eee Rope i hits yy A large pully or block of mahogany, feet | baving eam vite wares tad withstood thes Worms well, but supported a pret'y numerous ool: of shell fish, 4 ee of tarred a Fe looked “— Hine There were a cou; tee ntique dirk-sheath, the blade a mere ‘also cannon shot, musket balls, chain bo A wee bolts, und all the moveable apparatus of a ship of war. And there were, als! some sad relics of ba- mauity—the bones of men who fa the ship. A cannon now on board the schooner, has poy hema Uy man’s rears —— ae rust, they were commencing vo work upon the ship it self, sniendion to meke ry Re search, < existing war compelled them to abandon the e! prise, and retorn home. Information thr that a seizure of their irpich funds to one of the cont Of the amount obtained the cannot epeak by authority. e it considerable. Well credited that came sshore were weighty, and not to without ffort. We had occular evidence istence of about twenty-five of the dollars in s kindly shown us by Messrs. Bradstreet, at in our vest store. Two of the coin re pooket, aud are to be seen by our friends, who may desire the sight thereof. They are blackened by the ae tion of the salt water, and reduced in weight about twenty per cent. Of the gold, only a single douk- loon was found. Arrivalofa Fire Company from Washingtom THKIR RECEPTION—PUBLIO BREAKFAST—SPREOR OP MR. F M’NEBHANY, ETO., ETO. Atanearly hour yesterday morning, Columbian Flee Company No. 1, of Washington, which had loft that eli on Sunday afternoon, at 5 o'clock, by the Baltimore Rall- road, arrived at Jersey City via Philadelphia, by the New York and Philadelphia line, They wore received, am thelr arzival, ot the depot of the above named reflroad, by Mr. Enoch Smnith, foreman of Columiblaa Fire Company No, 14, who had gone over to the Jersey side on purpess to welcome the str 8, by whom they were esourted to the New York side, whero the committee, consisting ef o pertion of the embers of No. 14’s compauy, were im attendanes to receive them, The Washingtom Fize Jom- peasy, coaisiing of forty-eeven members, and secu panied by Prosperi’s Comet Band,of the same city, com- pored of fifteen pleees of music, having formed inmarch ing order, proceeded throngh the city, escorted by Gm lumbisn Fire Company No, 14, of New York, by the tei lowing route:~Up Cortlandt street to Broadway, along Bioadway to Fulton, into which Latter street they them turned, and proceeded aloog it as far as Nemeu, whee ‘they.egsin turned, and marebed direct aloug Chavaam until they arrived at Chambers street. Here they meds enothor detour into Broadway, proceeded dewm Broadway &s far ag Vevey uteeet, down which latter street they thea tured, until they arrived at the engine house of the New York Coiumbian Fixe Company No. 14, whese the engive of Washington Columbian Fire Company Ne, was ssfely houged. From the early hour at which the precension took place, there was not go large a orewd of spectators present as there would otherwise eo beam bad it been in the middle of the day, or at a more ad vanced period. What, however, was wanting in nam- bers, was made up by the neat appearance of the twe fixe companies, the one hailing from Wasbingten ea silence cf the morning was, likewise, wakened up by the streams of music poured out by Prosperi’s Cornet Bama, who attended the fire company from Washipgten, sad many & wicdow, as they passed along the streots, wae hastily thrown up to inquire into the cause of this easig disturbance of the inmates’ slamber. After the pen formance of this necessary duty, namely, housieg thelr eogine, which all fire companies are particular ia having firet done before attending 1o their personal waats, the two companies adjourned to Lovejoy’s, late Florence's Hotel, at the corner of Broadway and Walker street. Hare a sumptuous breakfact.had been previded fer thetr guests by the New York Fire Company, to which they were weleomed on the part of the Iset named oom; by Mr. Venn, who observed that as they must be fat end hungry after their long journey, he would net detate them with slong ») sim] to what was laid beforo them. facut of the Washingtox Fire Company, whe bas set e vit, acd whom, Serer he above teman wae deput 0 répreseat on present made the follewing addrene:— “+ With the dust of our long travel yet upom us, end fatigued es woare, I therefore deem it unnecessary te fay much on the preseut occasion. Still, I will avail mg~ self of this opporcunity to tender to you, on the part ef wy company, our mcst grateful thanks for the cerdial manner in which you haveteceived as. Proverbial as fe the hospitality of the New Yorkers, it has exoseded ot ‘bat we could bave conceived. We sha'l ‘back to Washizgten, highly gratiied with our ex jena F sm sure that in the hearts of us all the rememoranes ef this cay will be cherished with gratitude, We have come beve from the political to the commercial metrope- lis, and we bave come to exchange friendly sentimentn with our brother firemen—to look upon your nee bor—to se morning, masts, from which are viewed ihe flags of every nation on the earth to lock upon that splendid apeolmen of ia- dustry and skill, the Crystal Palaco—to behold thoas puleces, thore public institutions, those institutions ef justice, mercy and charity, which sre dotted ail over our beautiful city ; and here where the assembled come ‘rom every nation upon the face of the earth—here where on of all climes meet to pursue those pesesfal and profitable svocations which, in less favored they are urable todo, Here, under the protection tho Awerican fiag, where. by swearing to its laws, all the roads to honor ment are open to him who aspires to them, it should be spelen of hah American to raiso is voice in honor of the eitizons of New York, partiouls-iy .of those whore intluesee is of so much imy as tos members of the Fire Department, one of the most gle ricus parts ot this community. We hail from the me tropeliaof the nation, we rest beneath the shadow of the Capitol, and let me be allowed to say, without being ae cused of egotism, that tt is to this fre com; thas te ow! tion of that breakfest table, and the Washingtonians companied by their band, and escorted of the New You Columbian “4 tera at bene ; rewained in 4 (o sfresh themselves aitar thts long journey. American Genius. List of patents issued from the United States Patent Office for the week ending August 9, 1863, aud bearing date Ai 9, 1853 :— See | oe 4 ron Mills, Md.—For im proveroent winnowers Frank Dibben and Lewis in, of Now York, N. Y.—For improvement ix multiplying 9 Daniel Dodge, x New York, N. Y., and P| Inf Dbeta a ae rag fe George W. Etchell, of New York, N. Y.—Foe fee es in setting up ten-pins and reterning: Benjamin H. Green, of Princeton, N. J-—For im- pr -vement in carpenters’ clamps. Jobn Hurtin, of New York, N. ¥—For improved. mode of di ‘in; , : Samuel Hickonee of Buffulo, N. ¥.—For improve- ment in railroad cer seate. Lewis S, Ingraham, of Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio — For improvement in winnowers. John W. Jenkina, of Greenport, N. Y—For im- provement in iron posts fir fences. George Leonard, of Shrewsbury, Mass —For im- vement in firearms. Jobn Lewis, of Buffhlo, N. Y.—For improvement iz printing ne, Eben L. Millis, of Rochester Depot, Ohio. For improvement in corn shellers. oel &. foaiirep, of Syracuse, N. Y.—For im- provement y James Patterson a Franklinvilie, N. Y¥.—For im- provement in friction rollers. Alfred B. mp of Hudson, N. Y.—For im- provement in railroad and other iron. John Stevens, of Maseachusetts Arms improvement in DESION. Thomas Ball, of Boston, Mass., to George W. Nichols, of same sein ie conga be a statum of Daniel Webster. Insurance Companies, AN ACP TO AMEND THE GENERAL LAW RELATIVE TO 1D IU G The People of the State of New York, represented: in Senate and Assembly, do enact as esate, incorporated previomaly tothe patagy ot tate, ine general inerghee. nue tonth day of eighteen hundred and forty-nine, shall taxation in the same manner as