The New York Herald Newspaper, July 22, 1853, Page 2

a eae a ___—_ THE EUROPEAN NEWS. ears looked to the ann for ) it as the fourth center the owritie < the Greek empire, gt 7 tantindple as the prise ; and, whatever ARRIV THE EUROPA’S M*™ be the = eh tical associa: AL OF THE PAPS MP" 613, | Sins ace jen, it ‘be denied that ther ow. Z senpnennnrer am tribute to feeling th may lead to their fultl- impassioned induigence of these Highly Interesting Intelligence “eeistive to | moe, the circular the Turkish Ques’ MANIFESTO OF THE ¥- epycy GOVERNMENT, ‘The Reception of. commodore Stringham, of the Amerie? ¢ squadron, by the Saltau, eee eee need THE COM MODORE'S ADDRESS AND THE SULTAN’S REPLY. Cpimions in England of the Memphis Convention. THE PARIS FASHIONS, de, ke, ke. The Europa’s mails arrived in town yesterday af- Yernoon. They left Liverpool on Saturday, the 9th inst. Our summary of news, received by telegraph, and published in the Herat of Tuesday and Wed- nesday, embraced all the points of importance; but the following correspondence and extracts will be found interesting:— Our London Correspondence. Lonpon, Friday evening, July 8, 1853. Highly Interesting from Constantenople—Reception | by the Sultan of Commodore Stringham, §¢. Burope is in a fix, and diplomats se cassent la dete, a8 the French say, to get it out of it. The Em- peror Nicholas has entered the Danubian principali- ties, which is nothing less than an act of war upon the territories of the Sultan. If the Sultan takes it as such England and France are bound to support him. A good deal of vacillation is visible here in ‘the government, and the same may be said of the Paris. All parties wish to avoid war, but they do not easily see how. Clanricarde has again postponed his motion, which was to have taken place to-night in the House of Lords, at the request of the government, which fears an ebvilition of public feeling against Russia if ex- planations are demanded. Layard, who was to put the question in the Commons, bas also been requested to postpore his; in fact, Lord John Russell shams illness, and has gone to the country. You will find im the papers full accounts from Constantinople, Resclid Pacha’s reply to Nesselrode, and the Em peror of Russia’s last manifesto. It is difficult to gee how war will be avoided without a mortal blow | against the integrity of Turkey. As yet we do not know here how the Turks have received the news of the entrance of the Russians into the principalities. | It will doubtless interest your readers to know that Commodore Stringham in command of the Ameri- | can squadron in the Mediterranecn, and the officers of bis staff, had an interview with the Sultan on the 15th, at the Palace of Cheragany accompanied by Mr. Brown charge d’affuirs of the United States: The gallant Commodore addressed the Sultan as follows:— Ideem myself particularly happy in having the honor | bel received by ® sovereign whose nobility of ebar- acter end lideral and enlichtened vie bave rendered his name ilivstrious in the New ae wel! as the Old World, The continual efforts made by your M:jesty for the ad- vareemeni of your Empice. to aseure the huppicess and prosperity of your people, have gained the sympathies sod sduiration of the whole world. Your Majesty has obtaired in no other country in a more eminent degree the rerm people thaw in the United States of America; and I beg ye, Majesty to believe that I express the seatiments of President and of the Ameriean people, when I oiler the rerpectiul assurances of their profound sympathies for all that relates to the personal happiness of your Majesty, the prorperity and indepeadence of your wise loyal government. I beg of ‘you: Majesty to allow me to present the officers of my staff. The Sultan made a most gracious reply. He ex. preseed his gratification at beholding the Commo- CY dore at Constantinople, and the satisfaction he felt | at beholding strengthened every day the relations of friendship which exist between the Sublime Porte and the government of the United States. His Majesty begged Commodore Stringham to present his gratulations to the new President, General Pierce, on his elevation to the Presidency. Resch'd Pacha, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Now- reddin Bey, Dragoman of the Sultan, and Kiamil Bey, Introducer of Ambassadors, were present at the audience. The Commodore left the same evening to join his squadron in the Piraus Mabmond Pacha, Minister of Marine, paid a visit the same day to Commodore Stringham, on board the Cumberland, where he was received with all honors due to his rank. A salute of nineteen guns ne was given by the Cumberland, and returned by the | Turkish vessel on the station. According to a telegraphic despatch from Athens, the revocaticn of the judgment against imprisoning Dr. King, bas been peremptorily demanded by Mr. Marsh. Rassia and Turkey The London Sun, published upon the evening of the sth inet., says:— We have received the follow- ing telegraphs trom Vienna, dated Thursday, 10 A. M.—the following is authentic:— Simultancourly with the entry of the Russian troops into the princi »aiities Prince Gorteehakoff was in-truc ed to vend a letter to Reschia Paeba, to assure the Porte that no sttack on Turkich troops wes uw! present in- tended, avd that the occuvation ras cific one. The Austrian government received the following by telegraph from Trieste:— ‘The Lioya steamer from Cons*antinople, with dates to the Zith, has arrived. There are prospects of [peace. Rogland,” France, and Austria will mediate the Sened; but the form of Aussia’s demani will aut be accepted. Tt then remarks:—‘ As one of our morning papers announces the departure of M. D°Ozerolf for Con- stantinople, in order to open new negotiations with the Porte, it is most probable that the latter has been despatched thither with the letter in question Alluding to the interview which took place be- tween Commodore Stringham and the tan, no- ticed in our telegraphic news yesterday morning, a Vienna jourma! has the following from Constantino- ple, dated the 234 ult.:— ‘The commander of the American squadron in the Medi- terravean bss, in & private audience cf the Sultan, offer ed the setive support of the Uvited Sca°ee 1a che event of awar vith | This offer {+ atte!buied to tus +4 cars ob’ained by the American micsiovn ies in savers provinces of Turkey. ducwd 8 great sen A private letter from Constantinople, dated the 23d Hos says All ie trana Te, and we await with impatience the ortain in what man erot the fark ish coveroment. Admiral Mastapba Paxba le’t ye teed: + on board the steamer Seiki Condi for fesika. where ne his rexpecta to the Frened ant Yoglich Admi Ine to come toan undars as to be employed to tow the shi You are awace ‘hat t ere more larze The Radifs of -myrna e in care rived this morning and they leave to night*tor There is a rumor of the nomination of Sel tof Ordon Sernekier of Anatolia—that is f of the army of that divicion of the Tuckieh domin- The Seraskier Mael aed the General in Chi f of the Imperial Gaard are msbing pre parations for their departure, tevern! b offiesrs have arrived, andare about to rection of the Dawuve, in ordor io exa- (Minister of Wai I am informed that wouri, that i n for Bato: Turkey. which ix the He leaves Constantinople for his post this Rusato The following statement exbibita the state of the political parties at the Russian D ‘Trere exist at the Court of “*. Petersburg, io the Rav. sion Empire, two perties, who are broadly distinguished by their respective descent from the German or Ff provincrs of the empive or from the old Mu A large proportion of the statesmen who honor to the policy of the empire bely olens; among them Peince Lievsa Co M. de Revkeodorf, M. de Meyendorf, E Baron Krodener and weey others, The reizning house | of Russia is iteclt divided ‘by oly two generations from ite German origin, and the Eoiperor Alexander never | concealed his predilection for men who strength «ned his cennexica with ¢he manners acd ideas of Western . The Hmperor* Nicholas has purmed an opposite sourse. His policy bar bern to aed himesf with the passiogs. the peculiarities, the Muneovites. and far more then bis ministers, be has | adepted the spirit whien he chow «9 represent. His second and favorite on, the Grand Duke Constantine, has expoused the enme great astional party, with een | iter fanaticism and intensity than the Emperor: ia wh of them the esuse of the caurch aad the emp! & a champion, and perbaps an inetrument It ie eer. that the strong ambition of thir party, inflame by salighous enthnsigem and the pride ef @ cominent race, of the government and the best wiabes of the | gwith them | command in the direction of tha | tieal sapirations, and the religious fanaticism o° | \\ ‘of Count Nesselrode, which has deen condemned in the rest of Europe for its illogical temerity, is denounced as a feeble and unworthy Gecisration of Russian supremacy. War, in the shape ip whieh it is presented to them, is not an invasion, bat a cruvede; and tbe question of the Holy Places, com- bined with a claim to the protection of the Greek Choreb, are precisely the subjects most calculated to kindle their ardor, If, in an evil hour for the world and for himself, the Emperor Nicholas has roused this spirit, which it is beyond his power to curb and subdue; if, as we have reason to fear, the advance of the army is accompanied with fresh appeals to the pride and dar- ing of the nation, this calamitous and destructive force may break forth, and lead to the most deplorable courequences. Such passions are just as lawless and hostile to the best interests of msnkind as those revolu- tionary commotions to which the Emperor Nickolas conceives his policy to be diametrically opposed; and it matters but litle whether the world is threatened by the intemperate prorelytivm of the French Convention, or by the popular superstition and bardarous irruptions of the Museovite race, The triumph of might over right, and of force over law, especially wnen it is assisted by popular excitement. is the essence of political revolution, and, paradoxical as it sounds, the Emperer Nicholas is rapidly beceming the chier enemy of the established order of tbings in Furope. That is our chief danger, for the revolution which he represents is armed with enormous military forees and directed by absolute poser. But. on the cther band, as its ambition is insatiable, this «pirit on: loose must sooner or later come into collision with the constituted rights of other nations, and, if Eu- rope remains united and true to her common interests and duties she has it now in her power to prescribe to Rustia those limitations which that empire seems at pre- rent 40 litile disposed to respect. The French Meni ion the Turkish Ques- u The following is a resumé of the note addressed to the Russian government by M. Drouin de L’huys, the | French Foreign Minister, in reply to the circular note of M. de Nesselrode:—- M. Drovin de L’hoys begins by remarking that from the exposé itself of the difference between Russia aud the Porte as prevented by Count de Nesselrode, it results that the wission of Prince Menscbikoff to Constantinople | bad only one object—the settlement of the ciriculties re- lative to the ;artition of the holy places of Jerasalem wr ong (he veriour Christian commurities, and that this | object war accomplished to the ratisfaction of the Cabi- net of St Petersburg. He founds upon this exposé the | conclusion that the pre-eat discussion in the East is entizely new one, totally uscounected with that about em. ard sileciiog in every way the indepeadence snd scyereisnty of the Sultan; aid such, adus | Drouin de L’bnys, is the judgment formed of it a | stantinogle hy reure-entatives of France in, and Prustia. How, intact, he says, pretenced that in order to guarantee to ths Ch | the Greek faivh the porrnesion of certain sal t | is necescary to cover them inthe «hele extent of the | empire with sn oficial provection which would substitute | the moral authority of Emperor of Russia for that whieh belovgs leqitin at the Sultan ? What relation exists between two suc ferent facts, and how cag the wost igportant of them become an appendix, asa ne- ary copsequer ce, of the lesser fact? Drouin de L’huys then points out in the circular of ppealed to, histories! analogies, aud comp ively these three orders of ced in support of : ug. Io the irea | ties which Russia bas corcloded with the Porte the Minister of Foreign Affairs of tne Emperor Napoleon seea thatif the Russian Cabinet has sometimes stipulated for the rubjecte of the Sultan, the latter either be longed to provinces which the Porte had momentarily lost by the ecbauce of war, aud forthe restoration of which certain conditions could be imposed, or to pro- | vinces which, duriog tae existence of hostilities, had ex- | posed themselves to he anger of the Ottoman govern- ment, acd in whore favor protection was uecesary fco consiterations ot policy aua hum:nity. Nove of these | stipul me bave the charseter of generality, which it is bow attewpied to attribute to them, and ihe treaty of Krizardji in pa! r only confers vpon Russia a right of protection Jim ited avd defined by a church the service of which is performed by Russian priests, and which it | was proposed to esiablivb in the suburds cf Galata The Pre does pot conelude from thie that y the force of thinge, the cabinet tersions of the C. Tersburg has not been naturaliy led to in prest itself for the Christians of the Greek rite, who forum in Turkey in Europe the aajority of the populstion. But the Porte, on its side bes taken into cersideration the sympatniae of Russia for the East en Church. It bes uot, up to the present moment, entered mto apy engagement to lessen the merit of its ore on it, igstead of the énty freely , odligetion: towards & foreign vover. It is on F og to the French Cabinet, that lies tae w mn and to lete the plain terme cf i¢is already to demonstrate tts impertacce. As to the analogies mentionea in the cir- cular of M. de Nesselrcde M Dronia de L’huys is not of n that they bave eny Letter applicat om to the ent st things than tog treaties referred to. If the Reformation there were among the {she Holy Empire acreements relative to the of the new worship in their Sates, this em- n association of Stats governed by the rame chief, and the sgreements of which M de Ne-selrode speaks were the result of long intestine wars, or of polities] combingtions in which the elective charaster the imperial digniy necessarily exercived a great i fluence. M, de Nessehode lad alleged also the capitulations of «© with the P © ca a right | Sultan ortion : Drowin de s never gave to the xion over the Catho uys re f the Ortomoz popula ‘operons of her owa religios, her direct ant ‘orection bas only been exercised in favor of rer | of iritval chief re-ides at Rome a. on the contrary pored of subjects af the a patriarch who ie also impossitle, therefore, to assimilate tte poriti two powers. M. Drouin de L’buys terminates this point with the quotation of an importan® p: 7 by the Count de Ssint Priest. who wi LVI. at Cons’ eutixople, from 17 ould apply to a cle an. and hierarchial ly under 68 to 1785 which show tectorate lof one kin, vaat | seb governneat subjects of the s beeo able to render to this small | servieas of the nature nich Russia takes honor to herself for having | Toe protec ion of com: epentens on the Fore. It is ih the | of and | in clear terms the nature of the French pro- | hey to her Girculate the belief that is even intriguing with Russia with the view of making the best bargain sne can. Such are the rumors set aflost and the impression sought to be made on the It ia believed that thongh Austria and Prussia are re- wairing inert they do not take part with Russia, Tais veutrality ie attributed to the suspicion that a partition of the Turkish empire is contemplated. Both powers would not be serry to havea slice, and they are vowilling to do anything hastily which would offend the Czar, who may have it in his power to helo them toa share of the spoil. It ir right to add that this upgénerous and relfi-h poliey is attributed to them by parties who are indignant at their not having declared themrelves long since | The Assemblée Nationale says that:— Since the Fmperor Nicholas protests against any idea of conquest of the Ottoman Empire; aud as ke like vise rejects any intention of indirect usurpation of the sove: reignty of the Sultan, his demonstrations appear to us to de out of proportion with that which he has a right to demand, What, in fact, does heclaim? It is not any matter of fact which is under divcussien at present, for the Sultan copfirms expressly all the imwunities gaarau- tees, and_privil enjoyed by the differeat Christian communities, and particularly the privileges attributed to the Greek rite That which the Emperor demands is a private treaty—a diplomatic convention between him ‘ard the Sultan’ and that question is now become rather a nestion of amour propre than & speriios truly political. e Caer will wot admit that a and whica he bas mace can be refneed at Constantinople through the in- fluence of England ard France. Thence the gravity of this envenomed difference, caused, ve must admit, by the haughty pride affected by British diplomacy. If Russia and Englani were alone engaged in the dis- cussicn—if the war could be confined to those two pow- ere—we would be easily satisfied. It would even cause us some jey 10 tee the two nations engaged, and it would not be fir Kngland thet our prayers would be offered in that covtert—for her mercaxtile asperity is more odious than the ambition by which Russia may be animated. But, onee for ail, it is not a private war that is in qu It isa general aud incerminable war. ewoldiat stake, We say an interminable war, for it it break out it may be destived to assutre ali forms. It will comme? co by being political, bat every symptom agrees in showing avegnla~ and political war transfora.ed by reve utiona’y explosions into a social war, whice would deciwa‘e Europe for mang years.) Who kno ys whether several generations may not be condemned to another Thirty Years’ War. is England. The following are the words of Mr. Layard’: mo- tion, which he placed upon the books of the House of Commons upon the 7th instant, relutive to the Rus- sian aggression: Ther an bumble address be presented to her Majesty. humbly to submit to ber Majesty, that this House bas head with deep conesrn that the Enyeror of Russia bas announced & policy and wlopted measuses which threaten the integrity of the Otteman Emo and praving ber Mejesty that she wil be pleaced to direct uhat the fuile-t in‘ormaticn op ‘bis eubject ve laid before this House as soon as is consistent with the public service We noticed the motion under our telegraphic news head «. Wednesday. Mr. Layard insisted that it should be taken up on the 11th instant. The conversational remarks upon the Eastern question, in the House of Peers, between Lords Brougham, Grey, Clarendon, and Clanricarde, do not amount to any more in substance than what we have already published. Lord Palmerston’s View of the Difficuliy. [Frou the Londen Morning Post ] For the last few days, rumors have been current in London and Paris, to the effect that the views of England and France are not identical with respect to the course to be pursued in the East—that neither power is resolved as to the light in which the Rus- sian occupation of the Danubian principalities is to be regarded; that England, especially, displays sym- of vacillat that she hesitates to allow the | ‘danelles by her fleet; and that | ‘key may discover some pacific method j t making the best compromice she can with Russia. We are enabled to give an unqualified contradic- tion to these rumors, which can owe theix origin to no otber source than the endeavor of Russian in- | trigue to sow distrust between the cabinets of London and Paris, or to the equally fertile invention of stock- | jobbing. We affirm with confidence, that both the policy”) and action of England and France are one. Both powers regard the invasion of the principalities as a violation of the integrity and independence of the Ottoman empire, and as an act of war. H Of course the fleets at Besika Bay are not ordered to enter the Dardanelles. Such an order would amount to a violation of the independence of the | Porte as flagrant as that committed by the Czar. The duty of Admirals Dundas and Hamelin is to obey implicity the orders of the ambassadors of their sovereigns. “The instructions which have been for- warded to Lord Stratford de Redcliffe and M. de | Lacour are to place the combined fleets entirely at the disposal of the Sultan—in the event, of which there can be no doubt, of bis considering and pro- | | claiming the present lawless invasion of iis territory | an act of war. The ambassadors are directed to summon the naval forces of England and France the instant the Porte requests it, not only to enter the Dardanelles, but to proceed, in the Black Sea, to | whatever operations our elly may deem requisite for | his safety and advantage. “om the Landon Globe } The proclamation of war by the Emperor of Russia, in the event of bis not obtaining an impossible con- | dition, meets with the only ‘response that can be given to it—the firm adherence of Turkey and her | fastest allies to the position in which they have en- trenched themselves. The reports, which now tly about more thickly than ever, cannot mislead the public as to the real progress of events, or as to the primary origin of the most confident of these reports. | ‘Two, 1epeated within the last few honrs, have beea that some difference of view has sprang up between | the governments of France and Great Britain, and 1h watters of religion wit” the any- ere jr no Prince, wisely observed ons | that the British cabinet has resolved not to consider Bounes. who ho vever | the paseage of the Pruth as an act of war. Phe for- gion of ais euij-cts, The | Mer of these reports we were able to dey erday; a rson thisanbject. Itireasy | the latter meets with the explicit ahuouncement = beg engl re ee seean rpm eg bod see ee ES the ac le which Yar ee OE gntions of au ndiows nature. The feet part ae | Makes, in breach of her treaty stipulations, not less By instrectione Se eer acta caaltie: | than of the good understanding between the allied | rit race tov extended a sease to the | powers of Europe. will be deemed an act of war, at M. Drouin ¢e J least so far as it permits to the allies of Turkey those rights which were suspended during the observance of peace towards the Porte. The ulterior measures are, of course, questions, not of principle but o: | gies invoked by | paliey. | fur the pretensions The illusory reports bespeak the uneasiness of burg Russia; but they also betray a leaning to that power, | shuts in spite of ite lawless departure from its obligations, trite node 'G . | that is unaccountable. It isnot to be concealed Bremen <a | that much attention bas been drawn to a jommnal not The ieps on however must always he oro z since compelle d, by ac opi andon portiourd to th Kxoure gies generally rect advocacy of Russia. By the const. tue the reps a:ion for er: This is tus | that the arrogant and unfounded lan- fist time that we bave seer in. snet sovereign the Imperial manifesto is clutf, the public called upon to abandon hie more] influence over the | 1s at once am d_and amused to find a wistful aud | ater porticn of b Mi. Drovin ce Ly the Porte haa sho bely places, Fianee b cow plant; and that if was becanse be has + if Russia complains that to mak wed from dotog tt<or ait <ideracion strogglirg again’ imagined tha: i manta its equilb igations, Tbe rame spirit of moderatic Fenech government co take into socount the ¢ fod the chonges which hav tr cer tur be relations of the of Ry-wa io partientor, with the Ottoran e280 al hough Fravee might sliege fa aupport of th f the Faskers of the Hoty Lend the clauses of & form | . spe has never ny which might tre the Greek events hed naa cowsented een ion opened + od bam | cted to then ts of a French swbassado in part, re | ete red to the Christian worship | As to the key of the great door of the chureb of Bathle | hem. which bas been ao much spoken of, M. Drouia de that it bas b ‘orgotten to mention + possessed a sicailar one; an thet ue, far from secur eerved to th Neish ght of pase. x Russian Legation by ne Freney Embaney received a diderent one, that he two Girma iniended to setile the question o erneeced, on the demand of Prines 0 Greek Patriarch of Jerw-alem the ex jenee of the sorks of reeonstroction he largo cupola of the Churoh of the pulehre red # facto, ity b goverumen’, duviations, if vot from owards France, » not invalidate the claims of ec (heles4 coasti\ute so many recent engagements of the © dignity required that they | should be perfectly and complerely roapecsed, at leant | from the yreetae text of dhe 8 of 1740. Tf, tt p ite inteniions neen leas conetiiat ory, tf it acl only been penetr: ra the idee that neitger of | the e-nirsevog parties to the convention of July 13. 1944, could net, at the risk of compromising the peace whieb the collective guarantee of the Powers had for ob- secure the Orbsone Esopire use any of its righta anterior to that Enropena arrange nent, France jd baye bad the full right, net ovly uf opposing the nt nse in divlomeey, bat in ‘o meke ter meraces heard. France, says M. rouin de Lhuys, in contlusion, har followed a'vory 4 ferent line of eondact, avd the moteration of which she hse given proof, in addition to taking from ber any part , alae gives her ject to 1 tbe responsibility of & righ 10 bope that the sacri aiptenance of tranquillity in the Last wili not evn away: and that we cabinet of t. " woneidevations,‘aill find + means of yos with the prerogatives of th» enty of the Sultan, and of sertling otherwise than foree a difference the solution of whieh is now waited fos by © many interentes The London Times of July sth publishes the plo from the Paris correspondent of that he aifair of the | t | both of the y)t significant 4 on_to our golden prosperity as too | good a thing to be hazerded in war. But the public is beginning to judge the conduct rench and British governments by their and, we repeat, it will be found that hitherto | that’ conduct has been marked on ne de by lation. Onr own government has n with unchanging firmness; of France las shown the same honor@le deter- | That our administration proceeds in its ly, that there “is but a desire to main- | ,and to make common ee with | the country, is proved by the permission which Mr. | | as received to ocenpy a government night | ement on the subject. of Turkey, a state- j ment which every hour renders the public more anxions to receive. Iuay. THR AMERICAN NAPLES. The correspondent of the London News, writing from Naples, under date of June 2sth, says :—We are about to lore the most independent foreign min- | ister at the court of Naples, Mr. Joy Morris, Ameri- cau charge d'affaires, who retires, in on with | be whole diplomatic corps ot the United States, on | the advent of the new Preside nt. Itisbut just to | | say that this gentleman has completed his tission with honor and inte}ligeace, Mr. Morris and the re- | preventative of her Britannic Majesty are the oaly two ministers at the court of Naples who have throughout the troublesome period of the last four years steadily assumed an honorable and indepen- dent attitude towards the government of the two Sicili . may say that British subjects and Ameri can citizens re the only foreigners reapected in Naples. The French are no better represented than the Swiss, and the Neapolitan government does not fail to annoy whenever it can do 60 with impunity. Mr. Morris has abtained some valuable commercial advantages for his country. By repeated represen- tations and remonstrances Mr. Morris has caused an emire change in the quarantine system, which the Neapolitan government abused “for political pur pr American citizens are no longer detained on poard the steainers on their arrival here at the ce- price of a dishonest police. Whilst observin¢ the etiquette of diplomacy, the attitude of the represen- tative of the United States in Naples has gaiued for him the admiration of Americans, the respect of foreigners, and the esteem of the Neapolitan wovern- ment. Mr. Morris leaves Naples regretted by all who have the honor of his friendeip. REYIREMENT OF | CHARGE FROM The Late Memphis Convention—EKvglond and our Southern Institutions. [From the London News, July 7 | The issue of the convention of Sonthern citizena, which had long been announced to take place on the 6th of June, at Memphis, in Tennessee, is ia- | think otherwis | there can be no obje _" welcome to the writer of the immediate cause of the convention. said so; and it was sure to be said so; but there was sufficient reason for the had taken a year or two ago; and our just the “same, whether it had a purel, origin or not. The simple case, as represented by the citizens of the Southern States, is, that things are not so well with them as they might be; that they are standing com) ively still their for- tunes while the rest of the world is getting on; and that rome peculiar action has become necessary to repair their peculiar disad es. They have long held political rule at Washing Their pre- ponderance has been unquestionable for along course of years. It was they who annexed Texas, and con- quered Mexico, and dictated every critical piece of legislation and executive et since North and South came fairly into collision. Yet they are in adversity, and they are bestirring themselves, very properly, to see how they are to get out of it. They compen that the best education of the country is to be found in the North, that the commerce of the country goes in and out of New York bay, that the merchants of the North grow rich, and the farmers reap good crops; that markets abound tere, and factories sping up, and civilization extends; while commerce languishes in the ports of the South, and the pianters are sinking into deeper difficulties, and the Isnd is deteriorating, and population and the arts of life advance with extreme slowness; and that the depression of adversity seems to be brooding over the whole region of the South, and part of the West. After long consultation, and an under- stood agreement as to the objects to be pro- posed in convention, the summons was issued; and a thousand delegates met on the bluff which overhangs the Mississippi, and lifts vp into the hot sunshine the city of Memphis. Planters and merchants trom the coast; farmers from the interior, and political leaders from all the Southern and Western States, were among the dele- gates; and they met prepared to agree on a number of large measures which they believed it required only union to carry out. The discussion has been postponed, bya sort of accident, but the proposi- tions will keep, and may, peraens, fare the better at last for betng well considered and discussed ina more private way for another year. Though the o' jects bad been agreed upon, the order of their dis cussion had not; and, after much useless controversy on that point, the convention was adjourned, to meet at Charleston next year. There is no reason to sup- pose that there will be any pause In the interest of the subject, or in the activity of the movers, on ac- count of this delay. ‘The languor of their commerce seems to strike them most. Yet, at Memphis, they must have seen such a commerce floating by as avy new country might be proud of. From the gigantic steamers in midstream to the flat boats which glide down under the banks in endless procession, there is no sort of river cratt which may not be seen carrying produce up or down. To stand on the bluff at Memphis, and complain of languid commerce, might seein like a joke, it everybody did not know that this fetching and carrying was mainly between the Northern States and foreign countries. There is some cotton and tobacco going down to New Orleans, but there is infinitely more grain and other agricultaral pro- duce from the Northwestern Stotes, and mineral produce and manufactures from Pit'sburg, and from newer towns springing up along the free shore of the Ohio. Cincinnati sends down more merchandise, of one sort or another, than the whole opposite coast of Kentucky. The delegates express the strongest jealousy of New York, however, and resent the infe- Tiority of the commerce of their own ports; and their first proposition is to establish a direct commu nication between their own ports and those of foreign countries, discountenancing the intervention of New York and Liverpool. They even propose to make Havre their cotton depot for Europe, compelling Lancashire to send to France for its cotton. We need hardly explain that we do not think this will ever be done; that if it could, the planters would themeelves be the first to be ruined by the accom- plishment of their own scheme. There is no natural reason for Havre being madea cotton depot, whereas Liverpool is in Lancashire. If the change conld be made, the immediate consequence would be such a rise of price as wouldestimulate the importation of cot- ton from many countries which we are beginning to erceive to be fit for its production. We are going to improve the condition of India. now—very sedulous- ly; and we look confidently for a supply of cotton at ail events, which would be much quickened and expanded by any denial of American cotton, But there is enother and a more real aspect of this first proposition, which it would be wise in one portion of the Memphis Convention to allow us to hold up to them. ‘The port which they propoze to sustain in rivalship of? New York is Gherteston. Now, Charleston chooses to imprison foreign sailors if they belong to any dark race. It will net be forgosten that the cuse of one or two of imprisoned British scamen is now before the Supreme Court of the United States; but it may not be so well known that no jess tian twenty-seven of our fellow-subjects have, within no long time, been subject to imprison- ment in South Carolina, for no other reason than their dark skin. Charleston ean never enjoy a pros- perous commerce while she infl this treatment and rival ports do not. Louisiana has wisely changed in time her iaw to the same effect; and un- le uth Carolina hastens to do so, such commerce as she now has will go off to New Orleans, or swell yet more the supremacy of New York. Other projects proposed are railways connecting all the Southern aud Weste n States, and to give sup- port to the great railway to the Pacific. This last was resolved on when no agreement could be obtained on other matters. The establishment of manufac- tures is strongly urged; and so is the expansion of existing seats of learning, and the institation of new ones, that the youth of the Southern States may not have to go North for an education. If it is feared that the isolation of the mind of the South, already a | greet evil, will be aggravated by such a measure as this last, it should be remembered that railways are to run by the new colleges. Moreover, the obvious probability is, that the railways will be formed, and the colleges not; or at ieast that they will not pre- vent the youth of the South from stil! going north- wards for their education. The practice of the South is to expunge from literature, and even from philosophy, every aliusion to the institution of slavery. Their text books of moral and political phi- lovopby are expurgated, as well as the literature | with which the rest of the world is flooded; and it is ot probable that the young gentry of the spirited South will put up with such a defective education as is preparing for them when they can have an uware- rieted one by going to New Eugland. The manu- factories will not be able to compete with those of the North if they are to he worked by slaves. Let the experiment be tried, howev f the Southerners To the remaining demand—that Congress shall decrce a great increase of mail accommodation— jection onany hand. For our part we should like to see all these objects attempted, for this reason that we have no doubt that the true cause of the adversity will then laid open to the jndgment of the Southern citizens themselves. They will then see why their soil deteriorates, and their social condition languishes. And, as they court isolation in scme respects as the only means of pre- serving the institution of slavery, their opening of railways and factories will, according to their own doctrine, tend directly to its abolition. We wish them a barmonious aud effective meeting next year, and ail the railways, and new mails, and learned pro‘essors that they can desire, assured that they will thes be enabled to discover the cause of their troubles and strengthened to remove it. Every honest friend of the great republic ought to desire that the Convention of Charleston, in 1854, may be harmonious in council and steadily disposed for tion in the direction of social improvement. Pe tical preponderance has not answered. Let the other and better way be tried. Fashions tor July. (From the Loudon and Paris Journals. } Morning caps are very sinali, with long floating strings; they are made of embroidered muslin and narrow Valenciennes, or plain net insertions, The new comb, with double galerie, just invented, may be worn under these caps, as well as with all styles of coiffure, and is particularly pretty for evening dress, with a wreath of flowers or a bouquet of roses, Evening dresses, for undress parties, are composed of white muslin, with three skirts trimmed with Mechiin Jace, or tarlatane trimmed with fringe, tafletas skirts may be worn with musi Walking or riding drevses are hig! when mude of tafietas, Printed muslin, ar iafetus d'italie skirts are worn w'th muslin, embroidered in small dots; a ta edged ‘round with stamped velvet and Chantilly lace, clear muslin scarf, or burege scarf with friage, or ab echarpe-mantelet of taffetas, with a ruche a la vielle, upon the ground of black tulle. Leghorn bonnet, trimmed with plai@ ribbon, embroidered with fruit and flowers, or fancy straw, trimmed with ribbons and straw flowers. The glaceés silks have given place to the taffetas gorge de pigeon, which is always beautiful for dewi- toilette. Nothing can be prettier than a robe formed of one of those patterned taffetas, trimmed with four flounces, on the edges of which is sewn an amarauth of greet velvet: the body is flat, open en cour al- Jonge; chemirette ala chevaliére of murlin, in small tucks teiween insertions of embroidery. Open work- ed straw bonnet, @immed with email bunches of bows, manctnis of violets and daisies. English green is still in fassion. A taffeta robe of this shade is distingue. The number of flounces is left to the taste of the wearer; five or seven are mostly worn, and usually in patterns of colored wreaths, or bunches of flowers in scollopes. China erape shawl; pounet of rice atraw, and bouillonner of toresting. This convention hed been looked forward | to with a good deal of interest Wy many persons tp | this country who have relations of either Lasineas o |) crape, with Brussels lace fall: a cactus at ene side completes this elegant toilette, Velvet being more than ever 4 vogue as trimming, ‘ion, eriptions. of em! relief are fastened on the groundwork with chain- stitch, and are beautifal ornaments both for robes and manteaux. Summer mantelets are small; many are msde of embroidered muslin. Tarlatane are worn over colored crepe lisse, with a wreath embroidered round the edges, and the ends trimmed with a deep fringe. shane are very handsome, and beautifully oe ingenious novelty has just appeared; the searf with a double face, composed of two tarlatanes of deep colors, so blended as to produce a most enrpris- ing effect; for example, scarlet and blue, green and pink, white and maize, or gold color. They can be worn either side outwards, thus forming two toi- lettes. lantilles of tulle are trimmed with rows of lace, M separated by very narrow ruches of ribbon. A light and fanciful a8 well as pretty mantille is made of tar- latane, trimmed with deep guipure, with a ruche of auze guipure ribbon, fixed at the waist by a fow of gauze ribbon with long ends. This, worn over a pink or blue taffetas robe, has a most becom- ing appesrance. Stantilies to match the robes are much worn in the country by quiet young ladies; they are trimmed with flounces to match the skirt. Fancy straw is much used both for bonnets aad trimmings. Rozettes of narrow-pattern straw are mixed with rihbons, both for outside and inside orna- ments of there light and graceful bonnets. Capotes are often composed.of a mixture of straw and teffetas or tulle. Taffetas bonnets are also worked with an embroidery of straw in wreaths or detached flowers. The curtains are half blonde and half taffetas, embroidered with straw. The flowers are white, mixed with buds of satin straw, which have a very pretty effect. Some capotes are made with a taffetas crown and straw front, in bands of open and flat pointed straw. A double row of blonde trims the inside. The curtain is of taffetas, blonde, and straw. A white feather tipped with straw orna- ments is placed on the right side of the bonnet; on the left is a bow of ribbon. The inside trimming is a mixture, violet crape, corn, and straw flowers. Another capote is of white ribbon, with an open edge of yellow and violet gauze; two rows of ribbon form the front. A bouquet of heartsease in velvet, and straw flowers, with foliage in crape of different shades, ornament the right side,and a bow of ribbon the left. Flowers inside to match. Young ladies’ bonnets are mostly composed of white iafietas; the crowns are plated en coquille, w th aruche of pink taffetas across the head and the edge of the front, which is made of a stripe of taffe- tas and one of plaited crépe lisse; bunches of long ends of narrow white ribbon at each ear, and smail flowers inside. Black lace bonnets continue to be worn, and are much trimmed with flowers and light-colored fancy ribbons; the crowns are loose, and floating in the fanchon style. The Late Frightful Catastiophe at Magaia Falls. TO THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD. As T was an eye-witness of the horrible scene which the rapids at Niagara presented during Tues- day's accident, it may interest many of your readers to learn a few particulars, which will enable them the better to realize the awful position in which, for | twenty hours, the late unfortunate Joseph Avery was placed. The log on which he sat, and occasionally stood upright, was firmly jammed between some rosks, about balf way between the bridge which crosses the American branch of the river and the Falls. At the same time he was in the very centre of the river, which there boils foam, and whirls towards the tre- mendous abyss of the cataract. Of the force of tho current below the bridge it is difficult to convey any idea. To draw anything in the shape of boat or rait against itis simply hopeless. Therefore the only feeble chance of saving the man was to have let a boat down the rapids from the bridge by ropes, and should he have succeeded in entering into it to al- low it to drift across, if possible, toa small island called Clapin’s Island, about half way between the log and Goat's Island, which divides the Canadian from the American rapids. When I reached the bridge, at about two o'clock, the American shore and the bridge were lined with spectators in a state of the most thrilling and in- | tense excitement. The more eager were propound- ng all kinds of extravagant plans for saving the | man, for the most part founded on a total ignorance | of the gigantic force of the toyrent, which rendered any plan that involved hauling or dragging through the water utterly useless, inasmuch as the jagged rocks would never have allowed anything but a mangled and shapeless corpse to reach the bridge or shore, even if it had been possible to overcome the violence of the stream at all. ‘The man had now been sixteen hovrs on the log. One boat had been lost; asecord had one of its ropes entangled round the log, ano it was terrible to witness the desperate and agouizing efforts of Avery to detach the rope; but the strain upon the boat rendered this impossl- bie. Those on the bridge who were exerting them- selves to save the man reluctantly cae up all hope of doing anything with the boat, and, having made a futile effort to float down to him a fresh rope with a piece of timber attached, now turned all their efforts to the launching ot a raft—his last faint chance of salvation from the fate that awaited him. ‘This raft consisted of two large beams of wood, united by planks nailed across, and on one end of it was lashed a barrel; the other was provided with ropes, crossed in various directions, to enable the man to lash himself to the raft by getting under them, and a smal tin case containing spirits and food. The raft was so long that when fowered from the bridge it touched the water before those above | let go uicir hold, and it was with great rapidity carned down in the direction of the victim. But now occurred, perhaps, the most melancholy incident | during the whole exciting period of Avery's agony. One of the ropes, not being wourd round any post or other object which might have given it a purchase, was literally torn through the hands of some twenty men who were holding it, notwithstanding that the} made the most obstinate efforts to hold it, and had, several of them, their hands all bleeding from the passage of the rope. The raft then drifted away, for it was impossible, with a single rope. to exercise any contro] over its movements. on the log had been repeatedly in and out~of the heat, and continued to’ muke desperate efforts to re- the rope trom the log. He still appeared ea- considerable exerti After great delay, and some diseussion on the bridge as to the measures | to he adepted, a second raft was prepared, and another lifeboat whieh had arrived from Buffalo was mounted upon it, swamped asthe preceding boats had been. This second raft was let down the rapids in the same way as the first, and by about six o'clock the man si ceeded in getting upon it. A universal stout of 1 umph arose from the crowd upon the shor bridge. token of encouragement. Alas! the next mome: the reft struck against a rock, and at the that Avery was about to climb into the |b his hold (en’eebled by twenty hours of cold, wet, and siflering), and was seen a few minutes later to raise himself to his full height for an instant on the ex- treme edge of the cataract, and utter agined to be the words ood hye,” but as probably a mere inarticulate er de- spair, and al] was over. The dead silence which fol- lowed and lasted for nearly two minutes on the bridge was most awful. Then for the first time the men who had been working like lions all day long beneath a kurningsun began to feel fatigue. They had dene all that human power could do, and God had decided the result. ADDITIONAL PARTICULARS. m the Bulls lo Cov inl Advertiany, o’clock last evening the in a state of excitement by de+patches rec terva's from the Fulls, bringing information of the situation of poor Avery, each report fluctuating be tween hope and fear-—how expressing confidence in bis eventual safe d now almost de ig of his rescve, A large number of persons left this city for the scene of excitement by the trains, and swelled the the Hi guthered around the spot, We ith an account of the procee k yesterday by an eye wity but we are under oblivation to the operstors up Kistock’s Canada lire for the earliest intellizen:ze o| the wretobed fate of the victim, Our informant tells us that the man was in a part of the rapids where the rocks rise nearly to the sur- face of the water. A log of wood, apparently wedged tightly between the rocks, and crossed by another, et ll higher out of the water, was his restin; place. Here he remained, half clinging to and hal perching upon the log, from which he would occa- icnally slip down and walk @ little onthe rocks h were only ashort distance uw der water. A few fect in advance was u small fall of about four or five feet, and here and on each side of him, the wa- ters rushed wildly on at a speed of about forty miles an hour, A ratt was constructed formed of crossed timbers, strongly fastened in a square form, a hogs- head being placed in the centre. The raft was strongly secured with ropes-on each side, and was ficated down to the rocks upon which gf was sta- tioned. As it approached the spot where he stood, the rope got fast in the rocks, and the raft became immovable. Avery then appeared to muster strength and courage, and descending from the log, walked over the rocks to the place ‘where the rope had caught and labored long and hard to disengage it from the rocks. After some time he succeeded, and then with renewed hon aspired by the hope of rescue, he polled manfully at the rope until he succeeded ip Inly 20) were kept at in- ings since one o’cl i Lj Meantime, the man | and thus secured from beng | md | All waved their hats and handkerchiets in | shyiek which | 1 be ‘the raft from the current towards his fear- place. A to the raft, makin; thereto iy nee, of roy aeriich had there for that » BO on the com- menced dra 4 hed in thirty feet of one jands, vere which its Cag Dal 4 fires “suddenly it became stationary e midst rapids, iho ropes having Senin ont ht in Ni endeavors to move it were found and much fear was entertained that the ropes might break them and oceasion fellow's loes. Various suggt teered and geveral attempts were One man went out in a boat aa venture, and asked him if he round his hody and trust to being drawn in The poor fellow, however, shook his head ingly, as though he felt that he had not enough remaining to make himself secure toa 4 ‘At length a boat was got ready—a lifeboat, ich fad aed from Buffalo—and Tras launched. See- ing the preparations, Avery unloosed his fastenings, with the intention of being ready to spring into the boat. Borne on by the rushing waters, and amid the breathlees suepense of the spectators, the boat approached the raft. A thrill ran the crowd —the boat lived in the angry waves—i r raft—a shout of oy Ta0g fe from the shore, for it was believed that he was saved—when the hope that had been raised was again destroyed—a moment’s confusion followed the collision, inthe next herein adaretit in we ae of the eels separated from rail support, and struggling for it For a minute or two the poor fellow, striking out boldly, swam towards the , the cry echoed from shore to shore that he would yet be saved. But soon the fact became certain that he re- ceded from the shorc—his strength was evidently failing. Gradually he was borne baek into the fiercest part of the current—slowly at first, then more rapidly. Swiftly and more Lettin See ap- woached the brink of the fatal precipice—the waters haa him at last their undisputed victim, and madly they whirled him on to death, as thongh enraged at his persevering efforts to escapetheir fury. A sickening feeling came over the rs, when, just on the brink of the precipice, the docmed man sprung up from the waters—clear frou their surface—raising himself upright as a statue, with his arms flung wildly aloft, and with a piercin, | shriek that rang loudly above the mocking roar 0 the cataract, fell back again into the foaming waves, and’was hurled over the brow of the fatal peeibicss We have no heart for comment upon the melan- choly and awiulevent. The fate of poor Avery will add another to the many fearful local incidents al- ready related by the guidee at the Falls, and for years hls critical situation. his hard struggles, his fearful | death, will be the theme of many a harrowing tale. | And visiters to the mighty cataract will seek the | scene of the terrible catastrophe with a shuddering cu- | riosity, and the timid and imaginative will fancy, in | the dusk of the evening, that they, atill hear al | the waters’ roar the fearful shriek that preceded the | fatal plunge. [f:om the Rocheste> Demccrat, July 21.] We have never known the public mind in a ter state of excitement and painful suspense on Tuesday afternoon and evening, after receiving the news of the perilous position of a man in the Ameri- can rapids, between Goat Island bridge and the ca- taract. There was great anxiety on Wednesday morning to hear what had transpired during the night, but the suspense was soon over. The begininta before eight o’clock gave us the sad news that the | unfortunate man had gone over the Falls, sharing the fate of his two companions who perished on Mon- day night. The man went over alittle after five o'clock, in broad daylight, and in full view of the thousands as- sembled on the banks. A raft had been floated to him, upon which he had lashed himself, but at the approach of the life boat, sent down from Buffalo by | the last train, he undid the lashing so as to be read, _ to leap into the boat; the latter unfortunately struc! the rait with such violence as to precipitate the un- happy man into the water. He at once commenced swimming for a small | island on the brink, but was unable to reach it. When he perceived that all his efforts were fruitless, | he raised his body erect in the water, then waved his | arms wildly, and with a shriek disappeared over the | Falls. To bave clung so long with desperate love | for life, and then, just as escape seemed certain, to | find the last charce disappear, must have been in- . | deed terrible. a | Weare indebted to conductor Burrows for some | additional particulars. One of the boats let down to Avery reached him, but the rope was drawn so | Hgte between the log and rocks it he could not release it. The raft next sent was some twenty-five _ feetlong. On the upper end of this a large head was lashed to buoy it up. Avery placed him- | self upon it, and was drawn some ten or twelve rods from the ieg to which he had so long been clinging. While upon this the poor fellow came near drowning. The raft. in moving against the rushing waters, would plunge under and againarise. Finally it was ; arrested by striking against a ledge. One ofthe large boats used at the ferry below the Falls was procured and let down. As it neared him the water swung it against hin with such force as to almost disable him, but he stil! held on. Soon another and a heavier blow struck him, and he was thrown from the raft, and in an instant was swept beyond all pos- sible succor. The awful scene created the most profound and painful sensation among the assembled people. The unfortunate Avery was a young man, about twenty years of age, and his distracted father was among the spectators. Seldom has it been our sad duty to record the de- tails of a more harrowing scene. May these be the ‘ast victims drawn into those terrible waters. The boat which was made fast to the log, and the raft, are still swaying to and fro in the current. None of the bodies have been found, and prolably never will be. Theatrical ond Musical. Bowrry Turatre.—The popular national drama entitled ‘Putnam, the Iron Son of '76,” is to be rep- resented this evening at the ‘tes 2 The charac- | ter of Putnam will be sustained by Mr. W. J. Smith, who will introduce his splendid horse Roscius, in the periious leap—the other leading parts are as- | signed to Mr. Evdy and Mrs. Parker. The nautical drama of the “Wreck Ashore” will also be played. Broapway THEaTRE.—Mr. and Mrs. peated Wil- liams, who have been delighting large assemblages for the past three weeks at the metropolitan theatre, are to apvear in two full plays this evening. The commencing feature will be the new comedy, enti- tled “It's Custom of the Country,” in which Mrs. Barney Williams will personate the character of Me- lisse; and the terminating piece will be the dramatic . Trish drama of “Ireland as It Is,” which will intro- duce both Mr. and Mrs, Williams. Nivio'’s Garpyn.—Bulfe’s celebrated opera of the “Bohemian Girl,” which was so enthusiastically ap- plauded on Wednesday evening by a crowded assem- e, is to be repeated to-night, Mme Anna Thillon susta’ning the character of Arline, Mr. Frazer that. | of Thaddens, and Mr. Hudson, Devilshoof. We ad- vise thore who intend going this evening, to be early | in attendance. | Nationa Tuearre.—The new dramatic version of “Uncle Tom's Cabin,” is attracting densely crowd- ed andiences to the National. It will be repeated to-night wi and edie! performers little Corde . C, Howard, Mr. G.C. , Germon, Fox, and Mrs. G. C. rd, appearing in the principal characters, sup- ported Ly the full strength of the National company. AMERICAN Musxum.—Donetti’s celebrated troupe of performing monkeys, dogs and goats continue to atiiact very large and highly respecta’ assem- ages to the lecture room of this establishment. They are announced 4, for this evening. The negro deli- ‘8—The programme for og, at this very popular es- tublishment, comprises many highly entertainin equestrian features. ‘The house continues to he well filled, and the performances are received with aw much éclat as ever. Ounisry’s AmericAN Orera Hous’ Jhristy’s | Minstrels, whose performances for several years past have met with such decided approbation, advertise a selection of son: , instrnmental solos and borlesques for this evening, which cannot fail in at- tract.ng a crowded assemblage. Woop's Minsrren HaLe.—This establishment is fact better patronized than ever, and manager is revlizwg a vice fortune. Wood's Minstrels Iways been great favorites, and must continue helt present energetic proprietor has the management. An excellent programme is provided | for this evening. Beoxwiry’s Erurortran Opera Hovse —Buck- ley's Serenaders, whore vocalization is rendered with such harmony, and whose instrumental per- formances are given with the utmost precision, offer another well selected prograrome for this evening. Their hall is always fall, aud their performances are crowned with enthusiastic plandits. nvarp’s Tory Layo is still on exhibition at eorsma. Stranvers should not loge the oppor- tunity of witnessing this splendid performance. FRANKENSTEIN'S N1AGARA FALLs.—This beauti- ful panorama, which is on exhibition at Hope Chay Broadway, every evening, will amply repay a visit Owens’ Atrink Rawptes.—This traly novel en- tertainment, which was so eagerly sought after a short time since at the Chinese Rooms, is to be re- opened at the new and beautiful location called Academy Hall,on Monday evening next. Several new scenes, from the pencil of Hilliard, have been added during the recess, Miss Julia Dean took her farewell benefit at the People’s theatre, St. Louis, on the 16th inst. They bave built a steamer at Nashville whieh draws jy nine inches light. and ean earry forty toms on eighteen inebes of water.