The New York Herald Newspaper, July 18, 1853, Page 7

oawaDa. ‘The Herald Commisione:’e Report. Quesso, July 9, 1853. Etymology of Canada and Quebec—Populution of | Canada in 1698 and 1952, of French Origin | Moral and Virtuous Character of that People— Bieges of Quebec—Fontifications— Sights Worth Seeing—The Numneries, Seminaries, and Hospi- tals—Fails of Montmorenci—Indian Village at Loreite. The writer of Hawkin's “ Picture of Quebec” bas devoted much time and attention to determining the e'ymology of the words Canada and Quebec—the | Indian nume of which was Stadacona—who proves ' very satisfactorily, that the former n ime was derived from the Iroquois word Kanna/a, signifying “a col- lection of huts,” and that the latter isa Norman word, resembling the Indian word coubat ; the river 8t. Charles, which empties iuto the basin of the St. Lawrence, at Quebec, being called by the natives, ia the time of Champlain, owing to its serpentine course, ‘‘cabir coubat.” It is to be regretted, how ever, that the Indian name, “ Stadacona,” was not retained. ‘The Earl of Belmont, who was then Governor of New York, estimated the French inhabitants of Ca> nada in 1698, including soldiers, at between three and four thousand souls; and the namber of Indians whom they could command, at one thousand. At present, tue number of French Canadians in the province, according to the ‘was 695 745 ; and if the noti marriage, which are eyery Sonday published in the parish church of St. Rock, may be considered asdsta, upon which to predi- eatea judgment o! what is taking place elsewhere in the dt pur ment of Hymen,the French population aus be rpidly on the increase—productiveness, iu this re-p: Ct, being one of the concomitants of poverty aid bumble station. Of course, I cannot say the some with reference to the land which they occupy, the /abitans having impoverished it by an improvi dent avd wretched system of husbandry, until, from being an expcrter ot wheat, enough is not at presen rere in Lower Canada for the support of its inhabi- Lts. While alluding to marriage, I am naturally led to bestow a thought on the Cunadian women; and the stranger who visits Quebec must not expect to flad, as bus been represented, that they are w pale and sMoke-dried race, who have breathed a heated air duriig two-thirds of the year, in which winter may be said to prevuil, when their houses, by means of double windows and over-heated stoves, are kept in- tolerably het, until the bloom of health has forsaken their clieeks, and their countenances have become wan and rallow. Nosuch thing. Occasionally, to Le sure, the pretty brunette may be met with, but, ag a general thing, the females possess the florid com- jer of the Anglo-Saxon race, set off by a pair of lustrous black eyes, that must make desperate work arene, the Canadian lords of the creation. they have all the joyousuess of disposition, and sprightlinees and vivacity of mind, belonging to the country from which they derive their origin; and a happier creature is no where to be found than a Fianco-Canadien, whether male or female, all of whom are strictly attentive to their religious duties, living a peaceable and moral life, conforming to the rules of their charch with the conviction that their due observance will lead to happiness hereafter, and throwing care, ‘‘lipke hysic, to the dogs.” Our Gallic neighbors in this province, intermarry, with few exceptions, among themselves, and there- fore the bloom on the cheek of the female, is not the result of intermixture of races, nor do they de- tive it from their fathers—for like the Jews,the male gorten of the habitans are, geasrally speaking, in- ferior in appearance to the other; it comes wafted bably on the icy winds of the north, is fostered y the healthfulness incident to the elevated posi- tion of the country; or it may be part of the patri- mony of their common mother, Eve, cherished and perpetuated by a virtuous and unblemished life, whore possessor “sinks to rest with a contented anne and when she awakes, she awakes with a smile.’ Quebec kas a prominent place in American his- tory, from the attempts that were made with more or less success to wrest it from the dominion of France; and subsequently from the desperate at- tempt made during the American revolution, to seize it for a nation about springing into existence. Tn 1629, when Champlain governed Canada, Quebec was taken by an expedition under Sir David Kertch and his two brothers, and was held til; 1633, when i was Teetere? ‘ rance, In 1690, Sir Willian Phipps sailed from Boston witha force that was considered acequate to the capture of Quebec, in which, had he arrived three days sooner, he would have succeeded; but who had tw abandon the enter- pris after summoning the place to surrender, owing o the lateness of the season, and the preparation that had been made by the Count Fron‘inac, during his detention in the river, arising from adverse winds, and the ignorance of his pilots. In May, 1759, a force, destined to capture Quebec, consisting of 8,600 men, left Sandy Hi 5 tle of the Plains of Abraham, in which both the commending Generals—Wolfe and Montcalm—fell in the service of their country ; the result of which was the possession of Quebec, and ultimately the surrender of the immense territory held by France, and bounded only by the country north of the St. Lawrence and the Mississippi on the south. In 1775, General Arnold, with about eleven hun- dred men, left Boston the middle of September ; the 22d embarked on the Kennebec river; and, after a toilseme march of thirty-seven days, arrived at Point Levi, opposite Quebec ; and on the 14th of November succeeded in landing at Wolfe’s Cove, in the reur of the city, from whence he crossed over to the St. Roch suburbs, and established himself, from the St. Foy road, near where he had landed, to the | Marive Hospital, on the bank of the St. Charles. Genftal Montgomery, who had taken the fort of St. Jobn, year Lake Champlain, and to whom Mont: 74) had subsequently surrendered, arrived at th, un, er side of the town, near the river, on tle tie? of | e. cember ; and on the 3ist, the cro Getierals, by a combined attack from ths tower ton, attempted to sterm the city. The death of Montgomery, who fell at a narrow es directly under Cape Diamond, where a bor. a fs placed on the cliff, designating the epot, *ntch may be seen from the deck of the pass- iug steamer ; amd the capture of a portion of Ar- ‘nold’s command, led to the abandonment of the at- tempt, aud ultimately to the retreat of the American | pig ines fourth of May following, in consequence ef the approach of reinforcements trom England. The fortifications at Quebec must have veen won- derfully enlarged and strengthened, as every ee will perceive who has visited it, and which 1 shall now briefly describe. This fortress stands at the termination of a cliff, extending from Cape Ronge, about six miles distant ; on the summit of which, known us Cape Diamond, is the citadel, whose works occupy about forty acres; the approach to which, says Hawkins, in his‘ Picture of Quebec,” to whom I am indebted for a description of the fortifications around the upper town, is nearly two hundred feet above it,and ‘‘is reached by a winding road made through the declivity of the glacis, from St. Lewis- te, und commanded every where by the guns of the jifferent bastions.’ There is no di ing admittance; an application made by any respect- able stranger, at the Town Major’s offce, in Ann street, at the barrack gate, being promptly answered by a pass for the party, which serves, however, only for the Gay on which it sball have been obtained. It is needless almost to remark, that from so elevated a point there is a most extensive and varied pro-pect: the ships on the river ; the opposite shore, with Point Levi and the village extending beyond it; the wharves and houses, as it were, beneath the feet of the spectator; and the more distant valley of Beaufort, and thas of the meandering St. Charles on | the left, with the intervening upper town, its towers, anc steeples and public buildin , form a coup d’eil rarely elsewhere be equalled, and no where ex- celled. The fortifications are continued all round the upper town; Macy consist,” says Hawkins, “of bustions connected by lofty sections of solid masonry, and ramparts from twenty-five to thirty feet in height, and the same in thickness, bristling with heavy cannon, round towers, looped walls, and mas- give gates recurring at certain distances in the cir- cumference. On the summit of the ramparts, from Cape Diamond, is a broad covered way or walk, from which a splendid view of the country on the ‘west is obtainea, and which is resorted to by the in- habitants as a delightful promenade. It over ®t. Jobn’s gate, near which is what is called the esplanade, where there isa magezine and numerous cannon, with shot and shells, to replace those which may be injared or expended in action. The extent of the ramparts, from the southwest angle of the citadel to the cliff above the St. Roch suburbs near the river, is eighteen hundred and thirty-seven yards, upwards of a mile; and on the esplanade the guards mount daily during the week, and of the gurrison take place on gala days. ides St. John’s gate there is that of St. Louis, the road from which Jeads past the Pluins of Abraham, the | lace where the battle was fought, not being more Than a mile from the Tamparts, where there a0 fonr Martello towers, Malpas in a line across to the heights opposite the St. Charles, a bend in the St. Lawrence at Cape Diamond, placing Quebec on a peninsula. Between the artillery barracks, alluded to as the point where the pet on the land side terminate, and Palace gate, which is near by, there was a range of ordnance store houses, which were destroyed some three or four years since by fire; the raing of which were permitted to remuin till recently. Those in the eentre, however, are being taken down at present, and the wings are undergoing repair; the interven- ing space being reserved tor purposes of defence. From Palace to Hope gate, another of those Gite ‘the lower'town aid fronting the’ river, the ce $e three ndred yards, with but few oannon, or car- 3 returns of 1552, | Then ; look, and on’ | the 13th of September following was fought the bat- | on | culty in obtain- | jarades ronades, and theve placed at salient and commanding poiuts, 80 as to bashes the base of the cliff, whic! extends from the ertillery barracks to Cape Diamond, | rising almost perpendicularly above the streets and | lanes below. There ix, Lowever, a coutinuation of loop-holes for musketry, fram which a destructive ; fire could be paused Upon an assailing enemy. Some , two or three hundred yards from Hope gate, there | is what is called the graud battery, mounted with ; thirty-two pocuders and bombs of equally heavy calibre, which extends to Mountain street, at the head of which stands Prescott gate—the priucipal entrance to the vppertown. Beyoad this gate, there is nurrow lane which leads to Durham terrace, where formerly stood the castle of St. Louis, and | Whi-h was destroyed by fire in 1837, supported by stone pillars, and built‘on the overhanging brow of | the cliff, two hundred feet above the street below, | apprcpriately cailed Sous-le-fort street. Beyond this, , in the Governor's garden, there is a masked battery, | | and the wall is continued round under the citadel at ; Cape Diawond. From Prescott gute to the artiJery | H barvacks there is a public road, between the gardens | | of the Archbishop and the Seminary, and a row of | houses extending the remainder of the distance— | one of which, near Palace gate, was the residence | | of Montcalin. j | | The traveller, on arriving at Quebec, lands inme- | | diately under Durham terrace, and the quay com- | | mands a fine view of Cape Diamond, aud the out- | works of the citadel. At a short distance from the landing place, he turns into Mountain street, which | pr d8 in a zig-zag direction, owing to the steep- | ness of the ascent, until he reaches Prescott gate, | over which, as at the other gates, there isa yuard- houre, with a sergeant’s guard, having an artillery- | mar attacked, on the right of which isa smail car- | rorade. all ready for action, and on the right of the | street the walls ure loop-holed for musketry. Moun- | | tain street is being wicened, which adds very much ; | to the beauty of this approach, the ruzing of the houses on the right affording a tine view oi the coan- | try on the brome side of the St. Charles. At an angle about bity yards from the gate, until recently removed, was the house .in which the Quebec Ga- zette was printed, from the period of its establish- ment in 1764 to the present day. It was the ouly ; paper published in Canada when the war of Inde- pendence vccurred, and its publication Was suspended bevel months, in cousequence of the passing of the | stamp act. The prospectus of the paper, it is stated, was printed by Dr. Franklin in Philadelphia, aud, it | is added, was written by him, which is very likely, as it isa plain matter of-lact document, such asmight be expected from bis pen. Having thus introduced the visiter to Quebec, it only remains to notice some of the more prominent | | objects thet are worthy of his attention. 1 observe | from the books at the hotels, that some traveller: ariive and depart on the same day, which is very, | absurd, a8 even a cursory inspection of what is worth viewing would well ovcupy a week. In ! addition to the extensive and delightful views from | | Cape Diamond and every part of the fortitiva tious, there is another from the cupola ef the Par- liament buildings, and a stroll around the interior | ut the fortifications on both sides of the city should | not be omitted by the curious stranger, who should also make the circuit of the walls near the river, by descending a flight of steps on the left of Mountain street, not far from the gate, and proceeding along | | Sous-le-fort street, till the spot is reached where | | Montgomery fell; then returning, and taking Sault- au-Matelot street, immediately under the precipice of ; that name, which Jeads into St. Paul’s street, and will conduct him to the market at St. Roch, oppo- site the artillery burracks, from which he will have an im} g view of the exterior of the fortress, and, | during his walk or ride, an opporsunthy, of admiring | the symmetry and strength of its walls, The Council chamber and hall of the Assembly, with the pictures of the Queen and her ancestors, will well repay a visit to the Parliament house, which is thrown open to the public, as is the Legis- lative library, which is fast increasing in value and extent, although it never can fully replace that which was destroyed by the incendiaries ot Montreal, in 1849. In the upper Ve of the building is the library and myseum of the Historical Society, which will well repay a visit—the natural history depart- ment being at present newly arranged, and placed in complete order, by a very talented naturalist from Englund, whose services have recently been ob- tained with that view. Among the works in manu- script which the library contains, there are from the London archives the documents connected with colonial history from 1613 down to 1779; and from | the archives of Paris the official correspondence of the Governors of Canada, in French, trom 1631 to 1763; an account of the sieges of Quebec; and a col- lection of what took place in connection with the wars peiween the English and the Iroquois since the year 1682, ‘At o short distatiée from Durham Terrace, in the governor's garden, where & military band js station- | ed once a week, is the monument erécted under ‘ke | ' auspices of the late Karl of Daihousie, in 1823—which | opreaes to the best advantage from the centre of the | rlver—to the memory of Wolfe and Moutcalm; the | | foundation stene of which was laid with much mili- | tary pomp and masonic ceremony in the spring of | | that years and the apex or capstone was placed in porition in the presence of his lordship oa the mora- wR of his departure for England. ‘eturningwrom viewing this monument, and im- | mediately opposite Durham Terrace, is the cathedral of the Church of England, on the site of the church | and garden of the Recollet Fathers, previous to the | extinction of their order; which was built at the ex- ense of the British government, and consecrated in £04. The communion pee: which is very magnifi | | cent, was presented by George the Third, as well as the books for divine service and the altar cloth and | hangings of the desks and prlpit. The interior of | | the church is dark and unattractive, and the parti- tions which separate the pews, as is the case with | the old churches in England, are inconvenieutly high, ; utterly precluding the possibility of lookiag around | while reated, | In the street below, not far from the Parliament | building and fronting the Jesuit barracks, stands the | Roman Catholic cenedral, which is capable of con- | taining four “ousand persons, the interior of which ‘is lofty with massive arches of stone dividing the | , #8%% trom the aisles, and is described as being 216 | ‘ feet in length and 108 in breadth. Adjvining the | cathedral, is the Reman Catholic Seminary of Que- bec, which was founded in 1663, and which is exten- sively endowed. It contains three libraries, one of which bas 12,000 volumes, many of which are rare bocks; a cabinet of natural pbilosophy, which cost | $10,000; a laboratory and apparatus necessary¢for a | couree of chemistry, and the best collection of miner- als in Canada. In the chapel of the seminary there are several paintings by the first masters, among | them one by Lebrun, which were purchased in France, at the time of the first revolution. About five minutes walk takes the visiter to the | Ursuline convent, near the English cathedral, the | ladies of which, in accordance with their vows, de- vote themrelves to the education of females, and by | whom all the branches of polite education are taught gratuitously, the pupils being instructed in¥reuch | aud English, There is also a day schol kept, for the instruction of the poorer. Classes of temule children, in the rudiments of education, the former being exclusively for the boarders. It was in the | chapel of this convent that the remains of Montcalm were interred. On opening the grave a few years | since, only the head was found, which has been de- posited in a ies case, and is now in the possession of the Abbe Maguire, the chaplain of the convent. | The number of nuns in this institution is fifty-two. A short distance from Russell’s Hotel is the Hotel | Dieu, kept by the Hospitalitres. Like the Uraulines, | these are cloistered nuns; and it having been found necessary, owing to the inconvenience arising from numerous visiters, to enforce the rules of the church; the publie are generally excluded. I have found no difficulty in obtaining admittance, however, upon | application to a friend for an introductien. There | are two large halls for the accommodation of male and female patients, whose disease is of a temporary | nature, who receive every attention and kindoess on | the Ly of the sisterhood, of whorn there are forty- | five in the Hospital, and about the same nuinber of | | patients. There is a very neat chapel attached to | | the convent, which contains “ The Nativity,” by | Stella ; “ The Virgin and the Child,” by Coypel, aud | “St. te on Sceur, which may be seen on | application to the chaplain. | | ‘bere is a large nunnery just outside St. John’s | gate, belonging to the Gray Nuns, which is tobe | devoted to the education of females, and which is | | partially finished and eccupied; and in St. Roch suburbs there is an immense large building, imme- | diately fronting the church, occupied by the Sisters | of Charity, and used for the same purpose. The | General Hospital, formerly a branch of the Hotel Dieu, is intended for the indigent sick, and the ro | and infirm, where they are cared for by the Ilos- pitaliéres. It isan immense building, situated on the ai. bauk of the St. Charles. 1 regret to add, | that the constant attendance upon the sick, and con- tivually breathing an impure air, has a very sensible effect in shortening the lives of those females, many | of them well bred women, who have thus devoted | | themeelves to succoring afllicted humanity. | , Aide of about twenty minutes takes you to the Insane Asylum, which is under the direction of three medical Sherpa ty whom the establishment is | well conducted. But although the patients are | well clavsitied, with reference to the intensity of their | mental malady, I observed, with regret, that there | are no separate rooms for those of a superior condi- tion in life. The same remark will apply to the Asylum, at Toronto. On a visit to the former, a day or two since, I found a female, evidently a well bred woman, of between twenty and thirty, who appeared | to feel Geeply the effect of the promiscuous inter- | course to which she had to submit. She conversed | Very rationally, raid she ought not to have been rent there, and declared that if persons were not in- sane when brought to the Asylum, the society with | which they would have to associate would render them so. “She was well dressed in black, aud was evidently of a euperior condition to those by whom she was eurrounded. extending the ride five or aix miles the Falls | of Montmorenci are reached, nine miles trom Quebec, | situated at the junction of the riyers St. Lawrence and St. Charles. ‘The breadth of the latter river at | ' i | his deportment graceful and noble; | his signature, and the importence of which depends | fall of the Ottoman Empire, would prop it up in case | of need. Well aware that their nationality would | descend neither from the ancient nor from the modern | | heroes of Greece. Sprung from the dregs deposited | ' asthe worst of calamities any change having for its the top of the cascade ts one hundred feet, and the perpendicular descent two hundred and forty-six. Heluaping ie Quebec, the nore ean vitber take an. ompibve which ruvs to Cape nge, a distance of Bixe miles, the fare being a York shilling each way, or a caleche. This place is reuched by road ter- mivuting at St. John street, on which are a number of genteel private residences, avd which coniinands a splendid view of the extensive valley of the St. | Charles, and also by the St. Foy road, which passes | Yolfe | hear the monument erected on the spot where breathed his last by the officers of the British army | stationed at Quebec, about ten years since, aud aub- | frequently it penean nean Spencer Wood, the delightful | residence of the Governor General. There is another | place worth visiting, to which I shall allude conclusion; it is the Indian village of Loretie, i habited by the remnant of the gallant Hurons, the yace having been all but exterminated by the feroci- ous Iroquois. WwW. The Sultan Abdul Mc afid, Reigning Sovereign of ine Ottoman Emyl.e, (Trape'rte4 trem the Paris Oonstitvtiounel. ] The complicatious which have lately risen in the East attract universal attention to that part of the world. ‘The ambition of Russia has suspended the Eastern question over Europe like a permanent me- | nace; that ambition pursues the accomplishment of | its derigns without taking amount of the march of time, of the new wants which it scatters over the earth, the unlooked-for prospects which it opens to humwnity; but the idea of mght detaches itself with Invre aud more dictinctuess from the thick darkness | around it; and it is because Turkey is the personifi- cation of outraged night that Christian Europe at this moment ranges itsel! on her side. Happier than in 1828, Europe in the present day has uct to choose between the question of ha- manity and the question of policy ; she bas not to renew the sacrific complished at Navarino, where tbe immolated her gravest interests to the neces- | sity of defending a Christian people ayainst the oppre:sions of a government of a dilferent race and rel gion. The reform undertaken by we Sultay Mabmoud with the design of giving unity to the Ottoman Empire, and pursued with an implaca- ble will through fire and blood, has been continued With singelar pod fortune by his successor, but by means quite difereut. The mere exercise of jastice, tempered by a touching goodaess, has sutficed to th Sulten Abaul Mejid fur rallying around his throne al the diverse races subjected to him, and which a littl while ago implored the succor of Europe; reform has been pursed with unwearied ardor. The ame lieration of the discipline, the equipment and the or | gar ization of the army, concessioas in favor of th | establishment of railronds and the creation of a bank, | were about to place Lurkey in a position to encounter | force as weil as civilization, once entered into the | family of European interests, she would have eluded | all dangers by the transfurmation. To prevent this result at any price is the object of the attack now made upon ber. | It is impossible to contemplate without emotion | the character of the Sultan Abdul Medjid. Called, | while yet 2, child, to the exercise of absolute power | in an immense empire, his father bequeaths to him the overwhelming burden of a country weakened by dicastrous wars, underained by secref in- trigues, ruined by a deplorable system of | finance. The active hand of Mahmoud reached all | abures, but it only effected demolition : the time and | the shee necersary for reconstruction were want- | ing tobim. What, meanwhile, is this child to do? How is he to discern perfidious counsels from those | dictated by good faith? How is he to eacape the | dizziness of absolute power? What means is he to employ to heal the wounds of this Cents to open to | it an era of Erveperity and of renovation? To guide | himeelf amidst all these shoals, to escape all perils, | to repair all disasters, he had only one talisman—but | it is infallible—an unparalleled goodness, which in- , spired all who pyproashed him with religious venera- tion. That ane ity, which some statesmen will con- | sider futile, if they do not blame it as dangerous, | was, in the situation of Abdul Medjid, the most fit | py it disarmed his adversaries by Pea SAY, | m them, one by one, all the pretexts which they | alleged for intervening in the administration of the | empire, and the ré/e of protector, so much used | as political capital, disappeared completely in pres- ence of the needlessness of protection. Abdul Medjid, with the utmost liberal’ty, granted to the Christians perce and immunities; he fyunded achools where ‘atholics, Greeks, ‘Armeni: , Jews and Mussulmen, | live side by side, instructed each by the ministers of | their rooney religions, and attended each by per- , sons of the same religious persuasion; and the grate- { ful Christians contributed the aid of their experi- | ence to all the reforms of the young sovereign; they actisted him to establish his schools, they organised | his armies, they exercised his navy. Thus has been realized by the con that great saying of the futher, | “T wish my subjects to be recognised, the Mussul- | man only at the mosque, the Christian only at the | church, the Jew only at the synagogue.” | The Succ? Abdul Medjid was born in 1824. He is tall and well-formed; bis head is fine and regular; | his avburn hair | is always covered by a red callotte, similar t that | worn by the mesnest of his subjects; hig eves are of 9 grayish bive, oft and penetating. Hi3 habitual costume is the military dress of his empire—a dark colcred tonic, buttoned up to the neck; no warlike accoutrement except a sabre suspended at his side, | and similar to that which every citizen’ may gird in | the hour of danger; no golden embruideries nor daz- zing colois upon his babitual dress. The decorations which the Sultan confers have the | form of a sort of a gold medal, on which is engraved | upen the number and value of the diamonds which surrourdit. The ipl ies mark of favor of this kind, the most enviable decoration, is the minixture por- trait.of the Sulton, gurroupded hy jewels, and sus- pended to a gold chain; women may receive this decoretion, which they wear attached to the left shoulder. Three Christian ladies possess it at this Yhoment. One of them, the Princess V—, lately received this august present in Moldavia, in presence of a young Turk im high office, who had been brought up near the person of Abdul Mejid. “ Be hold him!’ suid he, inclining himself profoundly | before this portrait; “‘bebola him! that master | wh@mi we revere, not becanse he is powerful, but be- | cause he is good! Never,” adced he, “ has thatan- gelic heart permitted a drop of blood to flow, either | to extend or te secure his power; the life of others is | so sacred in his eyes, that when it behoves him to pass sentence of death, even on a criminal, he takes | yefuge in the retirement of his apartment, secludes bimeelf there, and becomes inaccessib’e to all; there he, in anguisb, asks within himself if God can have | given him the power to blot out forever a man from the number of the living. On his accession to the throne | it became necessary for him, in accordance with the custom, to sacrafice a lumb; he refused todo it. “If that is the price of the throne,” said he, laughing, “I cheore to renounce it.’ ” The Greeks have ulways been represented as im- lacuble enemies of Turkey, as the natural allies of | is udverearies ; that it is not quite exact. The real Greeks, so far from desiring, in the present day, the | disappear in the conquest of Turkey, they prefer, unquestionably, that tolerant neighbor to any other | neighbor, who, sooner or later, would absorb them by cbliterating their customs and by compelling them | to submit their faith to the religions supremacy of | those who, not content with governing men, would desire also to govern consciences. There are undoubt- | edly Greeks ever ready for intrigue, the natural agents of all the peifidious agitations which are in- cessantly fomented in the Ottoman territory, and whote 1ames have ‘n turn subscribed every treason ; | but they are not, properly speaking, Greeks ; they | by the last years of the Kastern Empire, the refuse | of Byzantiim, they have not abandoned that | city ; "they have appropriated to themselves the | quarter vamed Phanar, and from it have ac- | quired the rawe of Phinariotes. So fur from com- bating against the Turks, they have served under them; they have filled all employments from those o” secretary and dragoman to the most degrading offi- | ces, even such as it is impossible to name; poor and | vain, they are necessarily rapacious aud immoral, ever accessible to corruption, ever ready for treason, | povere it be well paid; skilful, moreover, in shelter- | ng their Lee under the cloak of patriotism, or of the legitimate resentment of an enslaved nation, they have attributed them to the some motive that had armed the mountaineers of Greece in the canse of independence. They have enjoyed the ephemeral advantages of hypocrisy; Europe has accepted some of them, on their own word, as heroes, while thoy were only agents of discord, The Hetaireia, that insurrection attempted by a horde of Greek adven- turers, Bulgarians, Albauians, and Servians, with Ypeilanti at their head, has d for an hervic at- tempt. After having suffered wreck in the presence of the clear-sighted instinct and good-sense of the Moldo-Wa'lachian pepulation, which they endeavored to incite to rebellion against the Sultan, the Hetaireia limited itself to the asanssination of a few aged and inoffensive Turkish refugees in Moldavia, and to the pillage of all parties. Now the Phanariotes are the Bitter enemies of Abdul Medjid; he is not, in fact, a sovereign to their mind; the vices of masters are to their valets more profitable than their virtues. If Turkey get happily through the present orisis, repose will be secured to her for some time ; her pro- gress may be develo at leisure, and reform, car- tied into all parts of her administration, will yield the fruit which is expected from it. That is what the adversaries of ‘Turkey found it their interest, at any cost, to prevent; that is what occasioned the extraordinary demand to protect populations who have no need of protection, and who would consider object to withdraw them from the government of the Sultan, The present attitude of Turkey, dictated by wisdom and courage, the loyal and firm policy of her allies, will destroy, it is to be hoped, present com- plications, and prevent their recurrence. one young populations will be left free to perf ct their in- stitut ena to ar Prim the ‘i ine of bf stre! ei ; they wil] imerease | Tow neck, aud tie beautiful vistu breaks upon your | Virginie row, and parallel with the road, is Broadway, | | erable | ject of great interest, aud I bespeak the attention and THE SUMMER RETREATS. | White Selphur Springs. (From toe sicshmone kuquirer The lovely valley in which this Weloteated spring | guches from the earth is situated in Greenvrer County, a few u'les west of the great Allegany, aud | is Watercd by Howard’s creek, a tributary of Greea- | brier river. ‘ihe valley may be said to extend seve- | ral miles iu a direction from N.E. w 5. W., aud in or Lear ite centre is an exteusive lawn, or, as tue Greeks would cuil it, Paradise, which is the inter- esting object we have to cescribe. Avvaucing from the juuctiou of the Warta Springs and Sweet Springs roads, you enter throngh w uar- view. Here on your right is @ lovely grove and wuiks leading to the Colounade—an imposing editice, erected on a bill commanding a view ot the valley to the southwest, and of the distant mountains, as you proceed along tue | public read you have, immediately ou your Vight, an open and pretty lawn, tiauked by a beautiful row of cottages, called Virginia row. Across | the centre lawn trom this, gud parailel with it, on a pretty steep slope of the western bill, is Buitimore row, cousisting of some seven or eight biguly oruamented | collages. Forming an angle with the lower end of | aud across the road, directly opposite, is Georgia | row. Proceediog w litile further, you pass tne mo- | dest but picturesque cottage of Mr. Calwell, (tue ven- | proprietan aud through a gate on your right enter the waiu lawn, studded in every part: by must waguiticent oaks, uround the trunks of which are permauent seats, usually occupied by groups of Visiters. At this entrance is the dining houge, a one story, ubsighily frame buildiug, which, with the bail rovia, @ litte avove, most materially mars tue beauty of the landscape. Opposite, along tue brow of the ull, are Varadice row, Lowsiana row aud Alabama row, ex- lending in ao irregular line from Baltimure row, ulreway mentioned. At the upper extremity of Vir- inia row is Buchelor’s row, wud running acrosa the lawn, and spoiling it, is Carolina row. Busides these there are Wolfrow and Spring row, “aud deep and iow, I+ Gaming 10w.” About 100 yards westtrom the dining-house is the Spring. Just around it there isa slight depression ol the burface, aud at the depth of about six leet the Water issues from a stratum of limestone rock. It is a copious stream, discharging probably twenty gal- jous in a minute. The pool is au octuyou, about four jeet anda half in diameter, and perhaps four feet deep, enclosed with slabs of ireestone. The fol lowing description of this fountain was given some yeais since by Mr. Otis:— ‘kre sprng oaoblee up from the earth in the lowest, part ot the valley, ard ix covered by & tastefully covered pavillen, teing a dome, supported by taelve Ivnic eol- uns, and surmounted by w gracetul stasue of Hygeia, the patron ralat of heaang, holdtog in her rigat hsad a Cup, as filled with water, and in her left » vegetable or herb. ‘ibis steiue wus presented 10 the estadlishmsnt by Mr. hencerson, a wealthy planter of Louisiaus, who, Tbedeve, went trom New koglanc. | In the height of the season, from the 15th of July | to the 0th of August, it is a gay, lively aud exhila-* rating scere. ‘The arrivals and departures, the mecting with old acquaintances, and tue forming of | new ones, the congratulation of friends on improved health, the brilliant array of ladies on the walks aud | in the, ball room, the cheering sounds of @ fine band of music, the various groups and their varied discus- | sions on love, politics and gastronomy, and in the dining room, the cursing of bread, abominating the |, butter, detesting the cotive, disliking the tea, scold- | ing the servants, then the galloping consumption of mutton, the clashing of knives aud forks, the trotting | of negroes, the forlorn looks of those neglected, and the celf-satistied air of those who are provided with private dishes—all these might afford subjects of con- | templaticn to the philosopher, and employ the pencil | of a Hegarth, In wuth, there is no place where one may see more | of human character in w short time. Littleness and seltislness betray themselves at every turn; while | true politeness, founded on its only basis, a good | heart, will be visible in all the acts of a high-minded. | man or benevolent woman. I have often amused myeelf by watching this extraordinary fifteen min- | utes scene of the dining-room. Only imagine six | hundred people in one rouom—all having been helped, | caten their till, aud wiped their mouths in twenty minutes. All the improvements of the day fall short of this wonderful rapidity of mastication and degiutition. ‘Lhis may be all very well forthe hale, robust man, but tor a 1ecble invalid, or a delicate lady, it is vastly uncemiortable. “here is, however, uo cure for it under the present system; therefore those concerned Jd try to make the best of it. The visiters them- esare mostly to blaine. Ifall were willing to se fare alike, and not have private dishes, the tavle would Le much better served ; but this never will Luppen whi.e selfishness forms so large an ingredi- ent in the human character. The dying rooms are generally comfortable and a with the requisite furniture. The bath- Sweitt '# Gtted up with neatuess, and ob viates every chjection hitherid mnade in respect t that inconvenience. At the eastern eutrance ther is rge hotel—called Mastin’s—which aiso is now under the control of the Messrs. Calwell. The en tiie means cf accommodation enables them to tak in about 7C0 perrons. But it is now time to leave these matters and tara | to thore of greater importance—the properties of the Water, aud its adaptation to tae various discases that present themeelves in search of relief. [tis a sub wal suppl ing cslanne petience of the reader in travelling over the details Lecessary to illustrate the virtues of this edicinal fgent. “Siveral waters may be conveniently classed under the thice following heads:—Stumulants, sedatives, ro- porants. ° Under the first will be fguud the white sul- phor, the ealt sulphur aud the blue sulphur springs. ‘Lo the recond may be relorved the red sulphur, in the third are properly placed the sweet springs aad the red sweet springs. . ‘As the first step, then, in the guidance of the reader, I take the analysis of Aug. A. Hayes, Esq, cof Roxbury, Massachusetts, upon which, I have no doubt, entire reliance may be placed. In the next place, I wiii give a comparative sketch of the White and Red Stiphur Springs, the tatter having been also analyzed by the same gentleman. 1t wail then | he seen how those two remarkable waters dilfer; and how entirely opposite they are in many respects. ANALYSIS OF WHITE BULPLLUR. ‘Lbis water is colorless aod travspaTect—whea agitated it sparkles from the disengagement ot air buddies. Taste hepatic, reeembling that of # solution of hydro-sulpburie ‘acid in water. Exposed to the atmosphere the hepatic oder is succeeded by wslightearthy odor, It bluckens metais ard ralts of lead Compared with pure water, free trcw a's, ite epecific gravity is 1.0UR64, 50,(CO grams (about seven pints) of this water con tein, in rolution, 3,633 water grain menaares of gareous Jer, or about 1-ldef its volume, eunsisting of » Mitiogen gar 1,018 Onygen +108 Carbonis nerd 444 Hy dro-pulpburie acid 8,683 One gallon, or 281 cubic inches of the water con'ain 16 789-1000 cubic inches of gse, havin} ropertion of Nirregen gas r 16,739 50,000 grains of this water contain 115 725-1000 praise of euline matter, consisting of— | Pulphate of lime... see eeee 67,168 } Sulphate of wegnesia 80,564 | Chior ide of wr guesium: Caurberate of lime.. Organic water, (or Carbenic sed... Miicates, (slice, esia, and w trace 116 785 Unlike saline sulphuretted waters generally, this water contains a minute proportion of chlorine only the sulphates of lime or magnesia forming nearly ten eleventlis of the euline matter. ‘The alkaiine gases are also in very small propor. tion, and seem to be united to the silicious carths, in ation with a peculiar organic matter. ‘Ihe o] ic matter, in its physical and chemical charac- | ter, rerembles that found in the water of the Red | Sulphur Springs, and differs essentially from the organic mnatter of some thermal waters. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS O¥ THE RED AND WHITE SULPHUR BPRINGS. WHITE &ULPRUR, KED SULPHUR. 60,000 grainy (about seven 60,000 graims (nearly se7oa pints) of this water con- pinta) of this waver com- (Cin svlation 8,653 water tain, dissolved as gases, | grain mearures of gace- waler grain mensures— Ous Matter, oT about one- fourteenth of its volume, pene ong it) er gee come ao 108 Oxygeu gas... Caroonic acid Uxygen gan. 2 68 Hydro-sulphurie aid Nitrogen gas Carbonic nel Eydro-eulphurie, 86 8,633 ® 3,083 60,000 grains of this water 60,000 grains of this water evutein 116,725 grains of — afford, of — raline matter, consisting ot Sw)phate of . 67,168 | Sulphete of 80,364 Chicride of i 869 Carbonate of Ii 3,000 Orgavic mat’r, éried et 112 deg. Carbonic asid...... Bilicates, wilica 1 34, potash 18, magoe- tis and @ trace OxyAO HOP. 6se005 116,731 20.65 An inepection of the above comparative table ex- hibits come curious and important facts. First, the whole volume of gas in an equal quantity of water (50,000 grains) of the white exceeds that of the red by 545 grains. Secondly, the carbonic oe the white io neatly double of the red. ly, in | ' Carbonate of mag Sulphur compound .. 4,740 4)b14 ite | powerfully narcotic. stim pirogen and oxygen the red predominates; and fourthly, (what no one would suspect, judging from the sense of smel!,) there is less vl, in the white then the red by bearly ove-fourtit. white 115 735-1000 of sa- Jine matter to 20 56-100 i red, or five times nas much. Included in this amount, however, there is of the peculiar organic matter termed sulphur com- pound, iv the white ouly 4 740-1000, while in the red there is 7 20-100, or nearly double. A careful review of these data will enable us to Judge with seme accuracy of the provable mode of action of both waters, First, as to the gases :—Lae most palpethy agent, of course, in all sulpur waters, is that which distinctly marks their character, viz: hiuretted hydrogen, or hydro-sulpharic acid gas. known to be the most active of all the guses found in those waters, and as their constitutional effects on the human system in a state of disease is mainly to be expected from the searching and altera- tive power of this gas and its combinations, it is es- sential to understand whether It belongs to the class of +timulants or sedatives. An attempt has been made to characterize it as a “ nervine stimulant,” and to establish as a fact that the use of the water freeh from the spring was in many cases highly dele- terious, while the same water, after this noxious gas Was suficred to escape, became admirably adapted to those cases, oe 1s sulphuretted hydrogen a stimulant? Hear the answer:—fulphurette 4 hydrogen isa colorless gas, having the odor of putrid ‘eggs; it is most otfeusive in small quantity, when a mere trace is present in the air. It is not irritating, but, on the coutrary, When set on fire it buris with & blue flame, producing water and sulphurous acid when the supply of air is abundant, and depositing sul hur when the oxygen is deticient. Mixed with chlorine it is instantly decomposed, with separation of the whole of the sulphur.” (Fowne’s Chemistry, p. 161.) Here then is at once an authoritative contra- dictioa of a bold assertion. The agent represented as a stimulant isin fact a powertul sedative, as will more fully uppear by the illustrations that follow. thas been seen by the analysis that this gas in the red sulphur is more abundant, by nearly one- fourth, than in the white. Ihave hever yet seen any intelligent man, who knew auytuing of the red sul phur, that did not give it rank as asedative. The following quotation from Dr. Moorman admits the less stiniulant character of the red :— The Kea Swphur is the Jesst simulating of our sul- pou waters, and by some iy even regarded as @ sedative, t 1 @wployed with good effect in many ea ex for whieh Our otver sulubur waters are prescribed, aud beieg less exciting than any other, may be succesfully used ia hear bag i in which other waters would be contra-indi eure é ‘The increased odor 0° the white sulphur is readily accounted for by the fact already stated by tue chemist, that the smaller the quantity of gas there is in the atmosphere the more intense is the smell, while from the same paragraph w® learn that when there is a deficiency of oxygen combined with it it deposits sulphur more revdily. I ask the reader now to look at the comparative analysis of the red and white sulphur waters. He will see that oxygen in the red being more than double that in the wuite, | the gas is retained longer, while the smaller amount of oxygen in the white causes the gas to be deposited huretted bydroyen Again: there are in 1) | in the torm of sulphur; and this accouuts for the more abundant deposit of sulphur by the white than the red. These are important facts, ull proving the falsity of the unfounded theory that has been so con- fidentiy propagated. This valuable medical agent, then, has been wrong- ed, if not slandered. There cannot be a doubt that many try this water annually with whom it disa- fe ‘as may any water when improperly used, and 2 euch a case it is the duty of a caudid physician to direct his patient to some other Sulphur Spring, or if he has reason to believe that, from some peculiarity or idiosyncrasy, there is no one of those waters adapted to the case, he should direct him to some other of the great family of springs in this region, or should send him back to the comforts and endear- ments of home. In relation to the other gases it appears that car- bonate acid largely predominates. [tis this probably that gives the water that brisk, light feeling in the stomach, which is so generally ascribed fe it. Nitrogen gas, of which it aiso possesses a consid- erable volume, is believed to possess of itself very little medicinal power, though it is impossible to say how it may actin combination with agents. ‘That it has no stimulant teudency may be inferred from its being found more largely in the Red Sulphar. We wust, therefore, look for the stimulating pro- perties of the White Sulphur and other anxlogous waters, to something besides the gases, unless, in- dced, the carbonic acid, as is highly probable, con- tributes to that property. But to the presence of a large amount of talline matter is, no doubt, most of all owing to its stimulat properties, and to the fact that rome of the saline ingredients dissolved in car- benic acid, and in well balanced proportion with the other gases, act not only on the digestive organs, but are carried directly into the system by the ab- so berts, It the premises I have adopted be correct, it fol- lows that relief may Le generally expected in the chreni forms of those diseases that will admit of nulation of the orgauism. Accordingly, we find that such is in fact the case, as may be seen by in- spection of the large class in which they are known to be the most eflicier se are—diseases of the liver, such as enlargement, induration, conc jacndice and other functional aberrations aud al mal conditions, usually the consequences of exposure ma and re-idence in sickly southern localities; ‘ion, bilious diarrla, dyspepsia in some of its forms; neuralgia, proceeding trom impaired di- gestion, bewmorrhoids and dry piles, chlorosis, cuta- neous eruptions generally, hysteria, chorea, symptum- atic paralysis, symptomatic epilepsy, ameuorrhora, chronic rheumatism and gout, anasarca, enlarged spleen, secon¢ary syphilis, gleet, kc. ‘The use of the water is contra-indicated in affections of the larynx, trachea and bronchia; in five, in all irritations of the mucous membrave, whether of the thoracic or abdominal viscera; in phthisis, organic or functional disease of the heart, chronic irritation of the uterus, dyemenorrhaa, menorrhagia, cancer of the uterus idiopathic epilepsy and paralysis, and all irritations of the brain or spinal marrow. Thoee enumerated are only a portion of the dis- ences that make up the debit and credit account; and the side to which may be brought the balance in any one season will mainly depend on the ability and honesty of the medical advi-er, on whose shouldera accordingly rests no inconsiderable responsibility, Speech of Sir Charles Lycil at the © ystal Palace Banquet, Owing to the pressure upon ovr columns on Sa- turday, we could not do full justice to the gentlemen who epoke on the occasion. We gave Baron Von | Gerolt's remarks yesterday. We now give those of Sir Charles Lyell, the eminent geologist:— 1 have to return, as your President has called upon me so to do, in my own name, and that of my col- Jeagues, our thanks for the honor you have done us in drinking our healths. After what the President of | United States and the President of this Society have kindly said of their regret for the absence of the Earl of Ellesmere, it is almost unnecessary that I should, although he commissioned me to do 80, apo” logise to you for his unavoidable absence. Not only’ in spite of indisposition, did he press his journey | from Canada to this city in the hope of being present yesterday at the inaugural ceremonies, but he re- quested me to assure you that he should have been here to-day had he not been confined to his bed by illuess He also begged me to say how much gratified h has been, during his late tour through this country with the kind welcome he has received, aad, to use his own words, “the cordial yct unobtrusive hospitali ties he hus everywhere met with.” Gentlemen, the President of the United States has epoken of me in so complimentary a strain, that with every disposi tion to believe that your first magistrate, like our own, can do no wrong, I say most sincerely that I wish he had measured more justly the terms of his eulogy. I receive gratefully those expreasivus, as in- tended at least to convey his own kind feelings te- wards me for that little part [ may have played, whether in science or in making your country better known, and as I think it deserves to be known, to my own countrymen. ‘The President has also | alluded to the observations made by one of my colleagues, Mr. Whitworth, when he returned from a visit to Lowell, and I may add that ge- nerally throughout their tour of inspection he and several of the British Commissioners have been struck with the labor-saving inventions in your machinery, by aid of which single individuals are enabled to perform the work of uumbers. To such 445 | inventions, far more than to the soil or any other canee, they ascribe the great wealth which has in so short a period aceumulated in this land. I trust that this commission will be the means of making sooner | known some of these inventions which it is most de- sirable our countrymen should understand and imi- tate. Gentlemen, this is the fourth visit which 1 have made to your country, and it is only by return- ing after intervals of a few M are that we can mark the wonderful progress which the people are mak- prosperity. It ree knowledge, power and gene is indeed a most cheering sight for any foreigner to witness, I say a foreigner, but wherever I have travelled in your country, whether mixiag with men engaged in tbe eawe scientilic ( Hinteled or when I ‘Was ovly known as a traveller, I have never been al- lowed to feel myself-a foreigner. Yet, strange to | say, this is the first time I have ever visited tho | Dr. J. receive there was the Oregon boundary question, which lasted curing my whole stay, when I saw the wall of this aud many a Westera town aud city placarded with “tity-iour forty or fight.” After an interval of wx years [ return, im 1852, and find what woulu be culled on the African coast a “war palaver’ going on about the fisheries. Fome timis triends warned me before starting from Liverpool not to run the risk ot geologizing at the foot 0; the sea clills of the Bay of Fundy, lest a stray cannon shot from one of the contending squadrons should pot an abrupt termivation to my geological lwbors. “By that time, however, I had begun to have faith in the peaceful issues of Briish and American hegotiati ns, and was not easily alarmed. Now, at last, I come again, aud hear no sounds but those of barmony and peuce. We,at least, who are engaged in Une Indostrul Exbib tion, may regard pegs as memlers of a great peace association, though few of us may indulge any sunuine hopes of the futara cessation of wars. Would that we could follow the noble example set us by the grea est people of aati- ily, who gave a sale pars to all who attended the lympic games, aud more especially to the envoys or comrissiouers sent to represent each State. War wae not ollowed to interiere with the celebration of those fextivals, and the truce lasted fora month. [ have ofien wondered, when meading the bistory of those olden times, that the Olympic games should have endured for eleven centur es, and that so many of the leading statesmen and lawgivera of Greece should have attached such importance to them as ta award pecu lar honors to those citizens who camied off the prizes. But a pbilosophical hiatorian of our times, Mr. Grote, hax soived this problem, apd show Ubat there was a dceper meaning in these multitudi- bous gatherings than appeared to @ curs ob- rerver, It was not forthe encouragement of athletic exercises or churict racing that they promoted there festivalx. The games embraced man: the objects cf our modern exhivitions. We hear of pnies awarded to the inventors of new musical instruments. We are sold of the re- citation of uew musical compositions, as well as of pots and of histories, But besides al this thire was much of the same business transacted as ip curried on bere in Wall street or on ’Change im Lirdon. ‘Tbere was much buying and selling, and commercial trausactious, and, advertising, at a tim > When there Were LO Lewspay ers, and all this betweem the citizens of States as far distaut from each other if we reckon by time, before the days of steamboat und iailways, us are now Europe and America. Ba neiiber the amurement aud iustruction afforded by there nectings, nor eveu their commercial bearing were the or ever the principal ends achieved by such periodical gatherings Greece was divided, liks the United States, into a multitude of independen coWmonwcalths and cities, each jealous of her Stat: Tights, each averse to cectralization, but not pre vented, like the members of your confederation, frout g one with anotl the aim, say Grote, of the leading politicians of Greece, to give ta tle people of States politically dissevered opporta- vities of exchunging courtesies and hospitalities, of CG mparing the progress they had made in knewledge and civilization, and, above all, of cherishing @ senti~ ment of av-Hellenic unity. Gentlemen, your ehair- man, in proposing the Jast toast, bas eulogised the il- lustrious V’rince whom he bas styled the originator of the first internations) exibition, that of London, in 1851, and you have responded to the toast with am enthusiasm most grateful to the feelings of every Englirbman here present. The London exhibition had a more cosmopolitan aim than that of eombinin & together the States of one great confederacy, or# nations, pclitically independent, yet speaking inge mon the lunguage of Shakspeare. It was the @ attempt to establish an exhibition in whieh nati differing in language, religious creeds and politi institutions, should co-operate in friendly ri — arena where all should compete for distinction la application of the principles of science to maching and in the fine arts, and in their application to mania~ facturing industry. If a series of industrial exhibi- tions on such a cosmopolitan plan can be so arranged as not to interfere one with another, let us hope tl they may acquire perpetuity, and last, not for eleven, but for eleven times eleven centuries. Fi i + Mass Meeting of the Germans In Cincinaati= ea Excatement—Dr. Junghacs Burned in . ines the Cincinnati Gozette, July 15.) Freemen’s Hall, on the corner of Mercer and Viné streets, was crowded last night by Germans, to take action against a man nawed Dr. Junghaus. The ci:cumstunces of the difficulty are substantially as follows :—In the German revolution of 1849, @ committee of two, consisting of J. Fickler, (now in the city of New York,) aud u Mr. Steinnex, who died a few mouths since in this city, were sent from Carlrhue to Stuttgardt, to muster the population of Wurtemburg to assist the Prussian revolution, Al- though their mission was a secret one, an 0) de- nuvciation was made against them by Dr. J., wha revesied to the government of Wurtemburg the whole matter, causing the arrest and imprisonment of ickler. tteinnex escaped. For this intelligence ived a budge of honor, Fickler was after. wards released, through the interference of friends, on condition that he would leave the country. The Prussian cevsul in Cincinnati, Mr. Stanislaus, haa also received intelligence from his goverument that reyclulicnury ovesents are being made by the Ger- mans in America, and that the Prussian government received their information through Dr. J., of Oincin- nati. Dr. Junghaus was charged with the above, whieh he did not deny, and confessed that he was no re- publican, intue American and European sense of the ‘word, but was a mouarchist. Numerous persons, wha kxew the Doctor in Germany, identified him as the fume per-on above reterred to, In the meeting last night, the statements charging him with the eon &piracy were ieiterated by numerous persons; in short, that he wus a spy for the Prussian government in this aty. The Sheeting at Freemen’s Hall resolved om & burning in effigy of the reputed spy, and some thou- faud pervs marched in procession to Fifth street warket space, where addresses were delivered by Messrs. Ruthacker und Thielman, when the proces- siou resumed their march te Caval market space, where, atter another speech in Euglish and German, by the chairman, Rothecker, an effigy of Dr. Jang- laus was publicly burnt, umidst the hisses of the pcople und the clang of discordant music. Duties on SuGgar.—The sugar planters o Lovisiatia have held a convention at Donaldsonville for the purpore of “asding the goverameant in the ex- ecution of the revenue laws.” It seems that an ex- tensive stgar refivery in the ciity of St. Louis, to avoid the loss frum leakuge and fermentation of mo- lasges imported by them, have reduced the weight and dimmished the tendency to waste by pre the melasres before shipaent. The article has then been invoiced as “Melaco,” “Concentrated Clap tad &c. The duty upon these articles being much lesa then upon raw sugars, has occasioned a striet appli- cation uf the law by the custom house officers of New Orleans. The planters of Louisiana also have tuken a deep interest in the introduction of prepa- ration of sugar which, pro tanto, supercedes their own productions, aud neutralizes the protection af forded by the tariff of 1546. The custom house 6 cers alleged that the concentrated syrups, &., been undervalued in the invoice; they appraised them again and required the importers to pay dw , on the excess of valuation, and a penal duty of twe@ per cent to the collector. This decision was affirm | yy merchant appraisers; trom this decision the i¢ porters appealed, and the matter is pending befq the Secretary of the Treasury. The planters of Lot siana huve, a8 above, offered their services to aidi the enforcement of the revenue laws, ‘‘as they u.é@y stand them.” Wit or tex Late Samus, ArrLeton.—We are fadeb e@ to the Boston Transcript for # slip sontetain the tcllowl: g partieulars of the will of the ite samue mvel Appleton le‘t a will, dated Februar ; cod ¢:l, dated Us. ode, 1852, and a mi - proserty. He» jeaves to bis widow spec fic bequ uD ting Yo value 10 $200 600, He make, forty-two ctber bequests te nephews and cieces, ant ovhers, smovating mn wll to $320,000 more ; among whio | mey be n ev tioned $5 000 © ty his fiend and paster, Rey Epbrew Peanedy ;” aed $6.00 to the servants living it bis fumtiy as bis Ceeenre, 1@ be distributed then ip the menper aud according to preportion, to bs fixed upon by his widow He then bequeath to his executors sturing stocks of the value ot $200 000, to bs poeed of sud distributed fer scienti- Dg, re te. be appli end mode cf tue application thereof, Inewn to wy executors, amd 1 fog) eure that stiletly eomp!y with rame. And im éeteal such direction: from me, | bave confidence king such # disposition and distribution ef an they will think would be most likely to obarion. ” * The residu bequeatha to hia relatives before named, ip cafe pa corres! pn to the particular sume pre- viously given « Wiliam Appleton, Netham Appleton, Nathaniel loge: Bowdich, and Inaae Apple- tou Jewett, executors. Mr. Jowett died a few monihg since, before the testator A Sivactar Taste.—Parson Brownlow, the “fighting preacher,” or preaching fighter, in his last paper, accepts a challenge to fight a brother editor, and names the time, place an rately after follows :—“‘ We select a hog-pen, immediately after a bard rain, and dung forks as the weapons, and Rens lifts the other out is to be the soknowledgod victor.’ Disposrrton or Morperers In Wasurneron, —We learn from the Republic that Robt. A. Hawke, who recently killed bis wife in Washington, by cut ting her throat, has been declared @ lunatic by th Grand Jury, and ordered to be sent to a lunatic asy Tum. In the case of \Voodward, under sentence» United States without finding the whole press, and sometimes Congress, engaged in the discussion of exciting pol'tical questions, which seemed to en- danger the amicable relations between this country and my own. In 1841 and 1842 there was the McLeod ease, and no small agitation among the New Youk and Canadian borderers: Then, in 1945-6, death for kitling bis wile, a petition’ has been po pared, asking the President either to banish him bt ond the limits of the United States, or to coamut iis puniabment to imprisonment for life. Mr. Lorin King, of was drowned im the mili pond at West Hartford, om the 14th inst.