The New York Herald Newspaper, July 5, 1853, Page 6

the War—The Slow Growth of the Town Until 1840—Rs Rapid Increase During the Last Twelve Years—Value and Descriptions of Property-- The Boston and Fitchburg Railroad—Mr. Crocker —His Success in the Construction and Manage- ment of the Road— he Decline of the Corpora- tion's Profits—Mismanagement of its Affairs— Railroads above Fitchbur :—Losses of Many Who have been Concerned in Them—The Speculators Specwlated on—Agriculural Productions, §. The town of Fitcliburg is some fifty miles from Beaton, by the celebrated railroad of the same name, ef which so much has been said of late years, and the first success of which has been the cause of the eonstruction of so many other roads that have proved to be, im the way of envulfing fortunes, veritable Serbonian bogs, though hixlily useful to that class of people known as the travelling public. This road must be the way to ‘lusty death,” spoken of by the late William Shbak-peare poet and player, and poacher; for there is hardly a mile of it that is not oarsed with clouds of miuute sand, so that you can vide through a sort of Sahara, and that without the fear of falling into the hauds of anybody but the di- rectors, who, however, sre quite bad enongh for an ordinary man’s taste. No attempt has been made to introduce into the road ary of those useful inventions which, on some others, have been found so excellent in abating the dry, aud choking, and vision destroy ing nuisance that forms so grest a drawback to the felicities of railway travelling; the excuse for which, { presume, is to be found ia the fact, that a company whose dividends have fallen, in half a dozen years, from ten per cent to six per vent, cannot indulge the travellers by itin luxuries. To all who can reach the place by other routes, | would recommend a “total abstinence” from travelling here by the Boston road, for though the train oifivers are excellent, the dis comforts from dust are but one remove from the ab- solutely intolerable. The State of Massachusetts contains not a few names of counties, cities, towns, streets, &o., taken from the revolutionary dynasties and whig states- | mea of England, indicating what was the dominant political sentiment in the old times. Among these is Lunenburg, a town in Worcester county, which was incorporated in 1725. It was named froma ducal title belonging to the then reigning sovereign of Great Britain, George II., the second of the Hano- verian line. With characteristic ingenuity, the name was erroneously spelt in the first instance, and there has eince been no corre:tion of it. It should have been Liineburg, the second n being a cleaMmpertiu- | ity. But, then, Yankees are not remarkable for their respect for the orthography of proper names, in- geniously contriving to make the good bad, and the bad worse. The township of which Lunenburg formed a portion was set off in 1719, and contained that town, and what is now Fitchburg, and a part of the present town of Ashby, in Middlesex county. | The place was then known by the not-over-elegant name of Turkey Hills; but what was wanting in ele- | gance was made up in pertinence, for turkeys were very abundant on the hills. But one man was then resident in the place with his family. Settlers gradually came in, and the year 1723 saw the town receive a corporate existence. In 1731, when Wor- ester county was created, Lineaburg formed a part of it. The settlement was border one, and the people had a good dea! of trouble with the Indians, whose depraved taste for scalps and rum made them intolerable nuisances to Christians, who contented | themselves with simple rum. Stories are told of the depredations and attacks of the Indians, which are | very interesting, but which I cannot stop to relate. The town of Fitchburg was set off from Lunenberg | and incorporated eurly in 1754. The whole number | of inhabitants was about 250, a rather small figure on which to commence town-keeping. It is a curious fact, and illustrates the uncertainty of history, that it is not known from whom the place was named. Some say that it was called after Colonel Timothy Fitch, a Boston merchant, and who was a large landholder in the new town; but others declare that its godfather was John Fitch, a noted character of those times, and | who, were he now living, would be justly entitled to the appellation of a ‘regular brick.” If “respec- ] tability” were alone to be considered, I should stand | up for the claims of Timothy, but other matters lead me to cast the weight of my anthority into the scale | of John. He was an Indian fighter, and was seized by the savages and carried to Montreal with his family. He returned, became wealthy, then fell back to poverty, and at the patriarchal age of 105 years, died in that patriarchal institation, the alms- house at Ashby. There was enough of mutability in his life to have made him a hero of romance. He “had served the place in the irresponsible office of “hog reeve,” and was employed to burn the woods, but it does not appear that he was ever employed to set Nashua river on fire. Mrs. Fitch, his wife, once un- dertook to make candles by the rather novel process of placing a lot of tallow and a quantity of wicking ina kett'e, which she hung over a fire, stirring up “the ingredients,” and wondering that the “ candles dida’t come.” The inhabitants of Fitchburg were very pious. They bad a committee to ferret out every one who did not “go to meeting,” snd fined each delinquent: A Mr. Baldwin having been thus punished, at that pert of the town which is called Old City, he cursed the place and named it Sodom, and it issaid that the | cure and the name long continued. In the Revolution, Fitchburg was very forward on | the right side. Nota tory was allowed to open his | frouth, and people who were cold in the cause of | iherty were given to unJerstand that they would be varmed up with tar and feathers which mode of ar- | tmmentation was found to be very efficacious, and to | to the power of the whigs. “Such persons,” says | eo Taetogian, “had to walk very circumspectly, to | shelter themselves from ebullitions of popular feel- ing. be | were even compelled to mount the head of a barrel, and in that conspicuous, though humbling promise to the assembled majesty of the | town greater love fer the American cause, and a more strict obedience to the will of the people.” There was even a sort of regular inquisitor appoint- ed, whose duty it was to procure and lay betore a | 6 at 7,000. In 1850,the number of dwelling houses was 711, which has since been greatly increased; of shops, 92; of and 405; and of all other pales dollars and upwards, 78. The interest was $218,692; value of bank and insurance stock, $76,820; shares in bridges, canals, turnpikes and railroads, $44,139 ; amount of every person's stock in trade, $218,692. Considerable additions must be made to these several items, in order to get a close approximation to the present condition of the town, which, for the last three years, has grown with amazing rapidity. The chief cause of the change of the character of Fitchburg is to be found in the construction of railroads, whereby she has obtained prompt, cheap and quick access to many markets for the sale of the results of her manufacturing industry, her facilities for manufacturing being very great. It is about eleven years ago that the Boston and Fitch- burg Railroad was commenced. The grant of a charter for the construction of this railroad met with vehement op all of which seem to think that they are bound to | have a monopoly throughout the whole country. The opposition was even ferocious in its character, and would have proved successful but for what may be called the heroical exertions of Mr. Crocker, of Fitchburg, which tarned the scale in favor of the new | enterprise. It was even a more difficult task to get the stock taken, and along the whole line there was but little confidence in the success of the undertaking; yet in 1845, just after the completion of the road, its stock sold at $130, and was difficult to be had at even that price, and its dividends were ten per cent per | annum, for some time. This was under the presi- dency of Mr. Crocker; but when that gentleman re- tired from the management of the company's affairs, a change soon commenced, and there is no saying where it will stop, it has been so very steady, and so exceedingly sure. The dividends are now but six per cent, with what is called a steady downward ten- dency, and that person would be looked upon as an idiot, cr an incurable madman, who should be de- tected in giving above 390 per share for stock in the crazy concern. This is the result of bad manage- ment—for the sources of great profits are far more abundant now than they were eight ago— making directors of men who attend to their duties in no other way except to pass themselves and fami- lies gratuitously over the road; and in looking for stores, 47; of barns, of the value of twenty amount of money at | position from other railroad companies, | 26,5°6 ; of unkmprovable, 6,181; of land with water, 18,814; of land used for roads, 6,969. | ‘The number of horses, 6,971 ; of oxen four years old and upwards, 4,686 ; of cows three years old and up. wards, 12,892 ; steers and heifers one year eld and upwards, 2,663 ; sheep six months old and upwards, | 1,874; swine six months old and upwards, 7,162 ; | mules and asses one year old and upwards, 18. Theo tora exhibit the state of thi toward the, close the E ag! 1850, and they wing for in- crease in certi cases, afford a tolerably accurate picture of the existing condition of affairs. There been, no doubt, a fair increase in agricultu- ral Be poe age articles, but not so large as in | manufact 1g industry and productions. Exact correctness, up to the very hour that we may be writing, is, humanly speaking, altogether unattainable. | _ Of leading agricultural articles, the productions of , Essex, were as follows in 1850:—Indian corn, 163,091 bushels; oats, 54,153; rye, 20,462; barley, 10,160; wheat, 1,993; hay, 61, tons; potatoes, (about) 700,000 bushels; fruit, (about) 600,000 bushels; but- ter, ag 000 pounds; cheese, (about) 200,000 pounds. side these, there are raised in the coun- ty:—Hops, garden seeds, mustard, wool, milk, eggs, pom: beef’, pork, wood, cranberries, beans, honey, eswax, all kinds of esculents, garden vegetables, &e., &c. The fruit of Essex is not to be beaten in Massachusetts, and there is no exhibition here that is Rees without specimens from it. The genius of old Governor Endicott pats watches over this branch of farming, for the goyeruor was fond of ; fruit, it shoulg seem; and there is yet standing, and in tolerable pi ation, a pear tree, planted byhim in 1632, not less than 221 take ago. It isin whatis called Danyersport, a part of the very fine and un- commonly prosperous town of Danvers. It was | brought over from England in 1632, and resembles a | variety of the bon chrétien. It is, perhaps, the old- | est fruit tree in the United States, unless there should | be some exceptions in the early Spanish settlements in Florida, or in Virginia, which is not very likely to be the case. The Puritans were fond of good things, | uncommonly Mather, who lem for a bad lawyer, that discovered the most horrid cre’ land town. It is just so there now, only that the hes are young women, and not old Baga and grace the town, instead o! dis-gracing it. They are of the true Lancashire breed. ‘The whole of the proceedings of the autho- rities in the witchcraft business were such as would have disgraced a of devils. Itis somethin; mod of a different kind that tbe first United States vesse! that was engaged in the India trade was from Salem. Esrex is thing of an dee growing county. It is here that is located Wenham Pond, in the town of the same pame, which has given its name to Ame- rican ice in England. In 1850, the ice returned as cut for merchandise in Essex county, was of the value of $55,000, of which $20,000 worth were from Wenham Pond, the rest being from Lynnfield and Andover. The same year the amount given as cut | in Middlesex county was of the value of $158,000, and $6,000 worth from Plymouth. All these re- turns were fur below the truth. Essex was at one time the most important poli- tical locality in Massachusetts, the seat of pure, un- | adulterated federalism. The famous ‘‘ Essex Junto” | | took its name from this county, where the weaith, | the talents, the social position, and the energy of the leading federalists, made them the directors of their party. Some of the greatest federalists here lived, and others were here born, but removed to Boston. Timothy Pickering—a revolutionary sol- dier, member of both branches of Conerem, and the occupant of three Cabinet offices—the stiffest of Hamiltonian federalists—was an Kssex county man. George Cabot, a great federalist, was from Beverley, but removed to Boston. Leverett Saltonstall be- longed to one of the historical families of the county, which was founded by an English knight in 1630, of a materfal kind, like pious pe ple in general; and | they planted orchards and gardens in husetts | the same promptitude that they created and bas ever since been of consideration. It is suid of the Saltonstalls, by that learned writer, Mr. Drake, | | “That they opposed the persecutions in New Eng- ‘The Russo-Turkish Question. TO THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD. To your interesting remarks in the Hxsaup of the first of July concerning the Russian and Turkish difficulties, I beg leave to add the following reflec- tions of my own, and to bespeak for them a place in your cqjymns, were it for no other reason than to place them on record before the world, and to enable me to refer to them in case subsequent events should justify my calculations. If the opinion which I have formed of the appa” rently intricate character of the Oriental question be correct, then this knotty business has never yet been properly explained by any organ of public opinion either in this or any other country. Let me en- deavor, sir, to point out the true position which Eng- land holds in this affair. It is commonly believed that England and France are unitedly opposed to the encroach- ments of the Russian Czar, and that these two powers have guarantied the independence of Turkey, and will draw the sword in her behalf against the Russian eagle. There never was a greater delusion. There never was a more ridicu, | lous farce than the pretended entente cordiale between | France under Louls Philippe and England under Queen Victor'a. True, the French National Guards visited London, and Queen Vic interchanged a few civilities with Louis Philippe on his own soil ; but these were purely personal matters. Queen Vic may bave entertained a profound respect for Louis Phi- lippe as a wise monarch, a good and kind husband and father ; but the spirit of English diplomacy and politics is as much as ever opposed to the political interests of France, and he knows little of the charac- ter of the French army who does not know that a declaration of war against England would be hailed by every French soldier with shouts of mad rejoicing, The French have to efface the disgrace of Waterloo, | | | churches and pillories; and handled the spade with the same vigor that they wielded the | 124, in its early settlement; denounced, with tent tie ps tei | becoming language, the proceedings against the | a Abyss cal Stee ee of | Quakers, and set a worthy example in the witchcraft | you come this way, you must gather a few speci- | delusion.” Some of their number were tories in the | mens of the fruit of the Endicott pear tree, for it is | Sere aah baek piocomiothe iret | | something to be able to say that one has caten fruit | that party's existence. After the extinction of the | and to propitiate the insulted manes of their beloved emperor: and they are anxious to try their strength again in a hand-to-hand fight with England. Abu- kirand Trafalgar rankle in their bosoms, and it is a fa- vorite notion with every patriotic Frenchman that at froma tree planted and nursed by those hands | | which cut the cross from the British flag, and showed | such contempt for British supremacy, almost a cen- tury anda half before the battle of Lexington. To be sure, any one can say so—but J mean with truth. | financial skill and business capacity ina large tax | bill and a big belly. Fitchburg has nothing to do | with this mismanagement, which is as odious to her as it is to every other place having any connection with the road. It would have been better for all concerned, were she at the head of the company. The number of cotton factories in Essex, in 1850, was fifteen, with 135,658 spindles, and a capital of 1,800,424. Six of the factories, about two-thirds of e capital, and almost one-half the spindles, were | $913020- capital, and. 82708 ‘spindles. Lagrenee . 4 91,520 capital, and 32,768 spindles. wrence ae host A: malades shore aang, An yelons | had two facto, with $376,320 capital, and 25,088 rections, have proved as beneficial to this town | spindles. Methuen had two factories. Boxford, | sure Saree, and Veegtogrs Dapiie Senerally, | Hosienarts Ipswich, and Salisbury had one each. as AT ve been destructive to thefortunes ofpretty | ‘The number of woollen factories was twenty-two, any al hha sain fe 0o a ae in ea | and their value $1,229,000. Lawrence had three | Saaeehdea oe Shen wee laughed at by nee tials | factories, valued at $456,000; Andover had seve 4 | valued at $322,000. Amesbury two, val monied world, and considered to be a very good joke, | ¥ sbars $161 eee et Dacmtse tis oan ane Foo i ®; | at $182,000. Balisbursy two. vulued at $162,000. | Danvers and San, had two each, but while | e capital was $70,000, that of the former was but $14,000. Hamilton, Haverhill, Ipswich, and Lina- | | field had one, each, their aggregate capital being pce er i Diba i pares ae | lover, apprai at $125,000, and one at Groveland, | soles sarebeler were made pooersir tease ST Emgea Syd pers a Ear people had fallen into that most common of all com- | sae pees | mon-place blunders, the mi the reverse of | * en eess capital ey Om : r3 Large quantities of cordage are made in Essex | wrong tor right. Yet nothing can be clearer than | County in'the towns of Boveri , Essex, Gloucester, succeeded, the others were pronounced to besplendid opportunities for investments for loose capital—which | certainly did run away very swiftly, after it had | paid over to either of these jobs. Great fortunes were reduced to skeletons, competencies became in- at the outset, these undertakings were perfectl; Y ey. honest in their character. ‘They dd uot’ become | }20™ Marblehead, Newbary, Newburyport, and Sy ‘jobs” until it was demonstrated that somebody was | walks in operation, with a capital little short of to be cheated and swindled, and each “big fish” was | 59 909. determined that it should not be himself, and pre- | }upiness, pared to appear in the character ef shark. But this — ‘ conctalas very injaios to pepin, Te was ovis | Lagi Was #0 1D | copper, brass, and iron foundries, machine shops, the present case, and the sharks were themselves je. Of lesser articles made there are hats cape, hooked out of the sea of speculation in not a few in- | auddles, harness, trunks, vebicles of all kinds from | stances, instead of pulling others into it for their owa | ruilroad cars to children’s iages, tin ba, | especial eating. The sympathy that they hi sof tamaeeitof ween feather’ alread hee alt hee th, ympathy = it ley have re- | boots and shoes by tens of thousands of pairs, leather, Neotifat abreast * gts away, for it was a mere | codfish oil, bricks, mechanics’ touls, potter’s ware, pl ion of eating or being eaten. As the poet | building stone, lamber, carriage springs and axle- tenenk 3 , 1» | trees, horse collars and ers, carriage bows, cast- 5 ot of niceness when there’s chance f ae i , yh deck. * , , . , Nipwond Gere aires ae pecly aap | britannia ware, blacking, brooms, glue, shoe pegs, We dis e upon them if we taal them up. | leat, blinds ond gases, earthen ware, snuff, cigars, men applaud us when we eat the eat casks, timber, tacks and awls, musical instru- As the cevil laughs when keen folks cheat the cheaters.’ | ments, upbolstery work, stockings, chocolate, Besides the rocd to Boston, which connects with | hinges, confectionary, tailors’ crayons, suits of oil many other roads, and the Vermont and Massachu- | cloth, chronometers, watches, gold and_ailver setts road, which connects with the roads above, there | ware, shoe thread, jewelry, twine, straw bonnets, isarailroad from Fitchburg to Sterling, where it | and hats, palm-leaf hats, domestic cloth, isinglass, farblehead is the principal seat of this | having five manufactories, one of which has a capital of $15,000. Beside these businesses there are rolling mills, | that have been here perpetrat federal party, Essex ceased to be of so much moment in politics, and Worcester reigned in her stead. The | county is now not far from being equally divided be- | tween the whigs and their opponents. There has always been a sort of eccentricity about this county, and it often acts im extremes. The witchcraft delusion is a case in poiat. The murders acter as would have charmed De Quincey’s connois- seur in that branch of the “fine arts,” old Toad-in- the-hole, who spoke with such praise of a dog that murdered a rival “ with pleasing circumstances of gocd taste.” The assassination of Captain White, at Salem, in 1830, was the result of a plan, or rather series of plans,into which many crimes entered, and | in which, nota few persons were concerned who were never punished. Although three persone One by suicide, and the others by the hands of the sxecu- tioner—were sacrificed to the manes of the oldman, yet the opinion is even now common that the most guilty party of allescaped—unwhipt of justice. To complete the tale of terror, the pl est principlerof law and justice, were set aside to reach those crimi- nals who were arrested. The Parkman murder wes not so bad as that ; besides which, it took two coun- ties, Middlesex and Suffolk, to furnish the parties to that tragedy. Perhaps the oply Massachusetts mur- der, in all its details, that will compare tolerably with the Salem crime, was that of Mr. Spooner, by his wite and her paramorer, which was perpetrated in Worcester County, some seventy-five Years ago. I have often thought ‘that Mr. Hawthorne's last great work ‘“‘ The House of the Seven Gables,” was intend- ed to be a sort of picture of the darker side of Essex life, as there is scarcely an incident mentioned in it that has not occurred there. Not that I would seek to convey the idea that Essex is a bad locality, morally speaking—far from it—but that there is a certain vividness about some of the crimes that have been there committed, which is ane to stagger one’s faith tn the inmate goodness of the human heart, and which give to them a character all their own. Essex ony. has produced: many emineat men, besides those al numed. Judge Story was born here, and here laid the foundation of his fame. El- dridge ae! was a native of Marblehead, which was el:o Judge Story's birth place. Mr. Hawthorne, the greatest of our authors, isa native of Salem. Gen. Cushing was born at Salisbury, and Mr. Rantoul was | a Beverly man. Mr. Choate is from Essex, and Mr. Phillips, one of the most distinguished of the free- soil leaders, belongs here, and exerts a great imflu- ence in the social and pelitical world. William Grey, the great Boston merchant, and who founded one of the best of the present Boston families, went from , are of such a char- | falls into the Nashua and Worcester road. The facilities for travel and transportation are very great, and such as few towns possess. The manufacturing business of Fitchburg is se ex- | tensive and so various in its character, that I must devote a separate letter to an account ofit. Of its agriculture but little need be said, for it does not profess to be a vee though even in that | mode ot industry it is hizhly respectable. Of In- | stoves, agricultural implements, &c., &c. 3 ; F Of brewers there ase 3, distilleries 4, tanneries | Stlem to the capital. Mr. Silsbee, who was for a | 136, grist mills 54, fulling mills 17, and 52 saw mills. | 100g time one of our Senators, was a Salem merchant, | There are also mills for the grinding of spice, cocoa, | J#¢ob Perkins, the steam-gun man, belonged to New- | cbocolate and ccffee, and for wool picking.’ There | buryport. Jacob Little, the eminent of your | are lead mauufactories, establishments for chemical | City, is @ native of thesame town. Benjamin Crown- | preparations, for the preparation of gums (this last | igsbield, who was one of the Secretaries of the Navy, fact I put down for the especial benefit of politi- | tider Mr. Monroe, belonged to a noted Essex family: | cians), and for the manufacture of paper hangings, | The, Webster family belonged here originally, and this moment the naval force of France is superior to | that of England. Commercial interests have pre- served the peace of the world since the last struggle | against Napoleon, but we shall soon see that eom- | merce itself will become the abettor and supporter of | war. It is the Oriental question that will enlist com- merce in the service of the grim monster. In this question appearances have carefully to be | distinguished from the actual position of affairs, | Russia and England understand each other perfectly in this affair, and somebody will be egregiously | duped. France, that was so sadly owtwitted in the | Oriental question when Guizot managed her foreign policy, will again be duped by England’and Russia, | with this difference, that Louis Philippe submitted | tamely to every humiliation for the sake of preserving | his crown and izing his private fortunes and | those of his children, whereas Louis Napoleon; on | Seeing Renee the victim of a diplomatic jaggle | by land and Russia, will allow full sway to his fierce and vindictive temper, and, goaded | to madness by the sneers, the one and the superior tact and cunning of both Eng- | land and Russia, he will tear the network of | treaties that have become a dead letter, and have | been violated more than once since 1815; he will in- | vade Belgium, march into Germany, proclaim him- self the leader of the democratic socialist party, en- list the German armies under his banner, march | through Austria, demolish the House of Hapsburg, | and fight the Czar before the very gates of Constan- | tinople. In this struggle we shall have Russia, Eng- | land and Austria arrayed against France, Germany, | Switzerland and Italy, despotism against liberty, | privilege against universal brotherhood and equality, freedom in the broadest sense against political, civil and religious serfdom. | aes leon is certainly not aware that he is duped | in this Turkish sues nee by both England and Russia; he may. suspect that there is some in- trigue going on against him, but his pride would | prevent him from ee the whole depth of | the conspiracy of which he will sooner or later be the victim. hat this conspiracy consists in can easily be told. Russia covets Turkey from a variety of causes..| The Turks are an anamoly in Euro) ‘hey are the evemies of that rie of which the Czar is the | sworn bigh-priest and defender. They are enemies | to Christian civilization—to Christian progress, wis- dem and humanity. This is one reason why the Czar should burn with the desire of blotting the Turks out of the pale of nations. But there are also pelitical necessities why the Czar should wish to extend his dominion over Turkey and the Turkish sea coast. How humiliating it must be to the Czar to see his immense fleet constantly blocked up, as it were, inthe Black Sea. He must have the - nelles in order to have access to the Mediterranean, dian corn it raised 10,383 bushels in 1850, showing | Seamen's hats are made in some places, and in | Daniel Webster, though not a son, is a grand- an increase of more than 3,000 bushels since 1845; oats, 4,363 bushels, being an increase of 1,755 bushels; wheat, 791 bushels, being a falling oft of 277 | bushels; rye, 1,653 bushels, the decrease being 241 | bushels; barley, 1,307 bushels, which shows a small | of 227 tons; pounds of hops, 1,900, which is not ma- terially different from the amount in 1945. The number of bushels of potatoes was about 20,000 in 1850. Fruit is abundantly produced. Milk, batter, | cheese and honey are eold in considerable quantities, and.so are vegetables of various kinds. The acres of meadow land are 3,334; of pasturage, 6,014; ¥ woodland, 2,688; of unimproved land, 2,441; of land’ | covered with water, 186. The number of horses owned here is above 400; of oxen, about 250; of cows, over 700; of steers and heifers, above 400; there are some sheep and swine, though the number of either is not large. Many thousand cords of wood are annually disposed of. Cuanves Le Cuavve. Essex County, June 28, 1853. Essex County—Its Population and Property, and their Increase since 1840—Descriptions of Pro- perty—Character and Variety of the Soil—Agri- cultural Productions—The Endicott Pear Tree— | Manufactures—Cotton Fabrics —Cordage—Mis- | cellaneous Manufactures—Shipping—Tie Fish- ing Interest—Ship Building—Its Antiquity— Ice—History of Essex—The Witchcraft De- lusion of 1692—Witches Still Numerous in the County—Pelitical Character of the Coun- ty—The Essex Junto”—Mr. Cabot—Colone Pickering—Leverett Saltonstall—The Saltonstall Family—The Eccentricites of Essex Genius-— The Men of the Cownty—Mr. Hawthorne, Mr. Choate, Mr. Perkins, Mr. Little, Mr. Gerry, Judge Story, General Cushing, Jolm Lowell, the d | Ty others books are bound. Everybody is employed in some way, aud so eran sory usenet have a pret- ty comfortable time of it. Some people dig clams— and rae, Rowley, and Essex, have fishermen of the kind, if I may so call them, worthy to preside decrease in five years; tons of hay, 3,178, an increase | over the best “‘ clam bake” that ever was got up, io | or out of Rhode Island, which is the clam State. Others catch lobsters. Yet others gather sea-drift and mud for manure. In some places they cure fish that were caught by vessels longing to other places. Some By keep school, work on farms, mnake shoes, write for the eile? wn and go to sea, (and would go a-missionary-ing if they were to re- ceive “‘acall”) all inthe same year. Speaking of | newspapers, tl | county—in Salem, in Haverhill, in Lynn, in Newbu- rt, and in Gloucester, there are very good jour- nals published, and the Boston papers circulate largely all over the county; but the favorite journal in Essex isthe New York Heraup. Essex is the third county in the State in the mat- ter ofsbipping. In 1850, Suffolk had 300,804 tons, | Bristol 96,501 tons, and Hssex 75,619 tons. The pre- ponderance of Bristol over Essex is due solely to the great whaling business of New Bedford, which port alone bad 66,927 tons in 1850, which has since been increased. The oldest port of Massachusetts proper (Salem) is in this county, and used to bea of great commercial importance—sending her ships to Afriea and South America, to China and India; but all that is now chan; tiqne town which had a name before American ‘Wiatiag was dreamed of, has not much more than a third of the amount of tonnage that belongs to New | Bedford, that parvenue concern, which has “bobbed for whale’ to some purpose during the last thirty | years. Newburyport comes next to Salem in ship- | ping, then Gloucester, then Beverley, then Marble- | bead, Newbury, Rockport, and Lynn. Much of this shipping is employed in some branch of the fisheries. Gloucester alone having upwards of two hundred ves- sele engaged in that business. The fish taken are codfish, mackerel, hake and scale fish, halibut, had- dock, pollock, and whales. So you see that the threat of that very excellent but rather crasty indi- | Greys, Mr. Silsbee, Lord Timothy Derter, the Webster and Woodiury Families, §c., §¢., § c+ Essex is the oldest county in Massachusetts proper— dating from the time that settlements were favor of Norfolk, where Mount Wollaston was settled as early as 1625, It is a fine conntry, and is thickly special court “the evidence that may be had of the estcal ition towards this or any of the United States of any inbabitant cf this town who shall be | charged by the freeholders and other inhabitants of said town.” The defence of tunis stringent mode of | action is to be found in the necessity of the case, for | the tories were more numerous than is generally sup- to have been the fact, and the lukewarm, who ready to go with the hangman, whether his was employed on whigs or tories, were still abundant. The peopie of tnat day were very far from being unanimous in support of the revolu- | Daring the war, the people of this place did mich towards supporting it, and suffered a great deal. From fifteen to’ twenty soldiers were constantly in the fleld, which cost the people about four thousand | dollars. In its corporate capacity tue town, in the five years, paid $7,250 for food, clothing, and men for the army. The place them contained but a few hundred inhabitants, find only about seventy or eighty voters. They nearly starved their minister, which is the strongest of the straits to which they were reduced; but ey did their proportion aud more towards feeding the war. has it been said that “to learn what the Revolutionary wir cost this Pong we moat search minutely site the history of each town. | ‘We there may see what difficulcies were encountered, and what sacrifices were made.” To add ‘eo the ps of the tune, tue small-pox broke sat bere, and was then a source of much more alarm it now is. After the war, the greater part of people were “ Shagsites,” and driven to the very rebellion by the tyranny of creditors and Bat of the conrta. A company of soldiers was here to keep up the attachment of the people, they had a rather unpleasant time of it. was no sense or decency in the party which Gov. Bowdoin was chief; but ax soon was kicked out of power, things began to , and under the wise and benevolent of Gov. Hancock, peace aud prosperity were restored. But Mossachusetts was never be- i 38 peopled. ing an increase of more than 32,000 in ten years. It contains thirty-one towns, the largest being Salem, which had, three years since, 18,943 inhabitants, and the smallest Middleton, with 816. In this county are the flourishing cities of Lynn and Lawrence— the former famous for its manufacture of boots and shoes; and the latter fast rising to eminence in ma- nufacturing, after the manner of Lowell, though it has had a corporate existence but six years. The | value of property in 1-50 was $56,556,466 89, being an increase of upwards of $25,000,000 on the valu- ation of 1840. The richest place with $15,454,738 70; the next, Lawrence, with $5,903,716 20; the third, Newburyport, with $4,437,670 55; the fourth, Lynn, with $4,148,039 40. Andover, Danvers, Gloucester, Haverhill, Marble- head, and Beverly come next in order. all the towns have increased the value of their property ia | three years. The amount of stock held in banks and insurance companies was $4,518,658; of other share property, $924,363; of United States securities $36,590; of money at interest, $3,732,047; of stock in trade of all kinds, $5,223,495; of ounces of plate 22,981 ; number of dwelling houses, 15,43 ; of barns, 7,167 ; all other buildings of the value of twenty | dollars and upwards, 7,157, but not including mills of any kind. | 2,640,766. Essex is a somewhat rocky county, and its aoil is unequal. Ié has many fine harbors, and the sea shore is commanding and beantifal, having more than one place of historical interest. [ts meadow- land of all kinds is put down at 29,406 acres, of which more than half is salt marsh ; of pasturaye, vi woudlaud, J),144 5 of uuimproyad iaud, vy 5 first formed in it~-unless we make an exceptionin | In 1860 the population was 127,170, show- | is Salem, | The superficial feet of wharf were | vidual, Mr. John | Dutch so long ago—to carry himself toward our fish- | ermen, sir, as he did towards the herring catchers of | Holland—is a joke of the very gravest kind, and one like to be ofa ‘pre-eminently practical character to | all who shall be concerned in it. They used to say that Amsterdam was founded on herring bones, so | largely was the prosperity of that great mart due to fe in one branch | | the skill and enterprise of its | of fishing ; and certain it is t | sex has drawn no small fi-hing in the sea, catching everything that swims, from the whale to menhadden. That highly-respecta- | ble creature, ‘‘ the codfish,” which hangs from the | ceiling of the Representative’ Chamber of Massachu- setts, is a more interesting type of our industry to | men of Essex than to those of any other county— | Barnstable oe ee ee Even Bristol, with New Bedford in her bosom, cannot take the | crown from Essex ; for the whale is not a fish, not- withstanding that he has #0 much to do with the | ocean. But of this it will be more proper to speak at length when we shall come to treat particu- | larly of the fishing towns. | Shipbuilding is an important branch of the indus | | try of the county, and has been so these two hundred | yeare—and more. In 1641, Hugh Peters, the tumous Puritan acher, had a vessel of 300 tons | constructed at Salem. There were regular ship- | building stations, more than one hundred and eighty | years ago, at Salem, Ipswivh, and Salisbury. The first schooner ever built in the United Siates was launched atCape Anne, in 1741, by Captain Henr Robinson. ‘Uhere 1s much work now done in build- ing vessels of every kind and description, from the | largest merchautman to the sraallest boat. Employ- | ment is thas given to shipcarpenters, sailmakers, | riggers, cauikers, and members of several other branches of mechanical industry. The h of Esvex is, perhaps, the most remark- able of any county in New Kogland. Essex was where the Massachussett’s Puritans firet landed. It has the oldest Maseachussetts places init. It early became renowned for the muritime pursuits of its people, who have always manifested a warlike dispo- ition, and particularly fondness for ocean warfare doing immense inj 4 he Revolution, oad in that of 1812, in public cruisers and privateers. The first act of resistance to the Englith military, in Massachusetts, took place in Essex, February 26,1776, almost two months before the battle of Lexington. It was here that Endicott | cut the red croas from the Engli-h standard, an act | of dering more than equal to any one deed of the r yuluuon, dere 1b Was ld baw ealemerusuary 9 fat i nis county of Es la ere are many published in Essex | oes most of it, and the an- | ull, to treat us ashe treated the | rt of her prosperity from | ary to the English in the war of | son of this county. The Woodbi emigrat- | | ed from Essex fo New Hampshire in the | last century; the leading members having re- | | ceived grants of land in that colony for ser- | vices rendered in the colonial wars. Mr. Whittier, | “<a sweet poet,” as the lady called Milton, lives at | | Amesbury. Nathaniel Bowditch, author of ‘ Tho | | Practical Navigator,” and translator of ‘‘ The Me- | canique Celeste,” oS say he was the only man | who could read Place,) was born at jem. | Lord Timothy Dexter, that most eccentric of Essex | | Yamkees, amused the people of Newburyport for a | long series of years. Itis said that he got the title | | in consequence of offering to pave the principal | | street of the town, if the people would call him Lord. | | ‘The town refused the offer of stones, but gave him | the title. William Lloyd Garrison, who has made { igure in the world, was born at Newburyport | such a fi in 1805. Andrew Dunlop, who was General Jack- | son’s Attorney General for the Massachusetts district, | and who, next to Mr. Henshaw and Colonel Greene, | was the most distinguished of the founders ot the | | new demccratic party in this State, was Essex born. Francis C. and John G. Gray, sons of William, were Salem men, and both are of marked talent. The | | first was private secretary to Mr. John Q. Adams, | | when he went Minister to Russia, in 1809. John | Lowell, the “‘ Boston rebel,” came from Newbury- | rt. Edward G. Prescott, brother of the historian, | longed to Salem. He was a man of great ability. | I might extend this list largely, but I have said | | enough to show that among the productions of the | county, men occupy a very conspicuous place. As for the women—thcy should be seen to be appreci- | ated. Caarues Le Cuauve. | Domestic Miscellany. | A murder was committed at La Salle, Ill., on the 27th ult., by a party of men engaged on the bridge of the Illinois Central Railroad Company. Some dis- puts arore among them, when one of their number, | | by the name of Michael Considine, wasshot downand | instantly killed. Several shots were discharged into his body after he was dead. Sheriff Thorne had ar- rested six of those engaged in the fracas, and lodged them in jail at Ottaway. | Edward Stubbs, Esq., has been reinstated Disbur- | sing Agent of the Department of State at Washing- | ton, in a oe of Wm. Zantainger, Esq., who has | | held the office nearly four years past. } A eastet manufactured ‘by the ladies of the Epis- copal Ghurch at Hamilton, C. W., is now at Cape | Vincent, on its way to the New York Exhibition. It | was done entirely with the needl>, and is fifteen feet | square; valuation $300. | ‘The Louisville papers annouuce the appointment | of Capt. James W. Brannon as Postmaster for that. | city. ‘The Declaration of Independence was first read | in the State House yard, at Philadelphia, at about a quarter before five ‘o'clock, on the afternoon of July | 1776. ral Dembinski has addressed the following letter, dated Paris, June 10, to the Debats:— T have read in your journal the translation of an arti- of in the Morning Chronicle In which my name is mon. tioned. and I see with astonishment that I am said to have offered my rervices to the Sultan. I should be happy anc flattered if an offer to receive my services had been made.to me by a soverciga to whom [ aot ols one gratitude, but whom I regard aw the aost noble, jast, | | nd worthy man whom I could serve; but, nevertheloas, Ibave not made an offer of my rervices for macy res: sons, which it is welese to mostion, but priscipally in the interest to acaure to which Iam greatly devoted, for he who offers himself wust execute the will of others, whereas I think ihave had sufficient experisace of war to wish to have my own views followed, of which I could not be sure wuleas I were to be spontaneously oslled pen. "The London Globe of the 14th instant, says:—We regret to announce tke sudden demise of Madame Macedo, wife of the Minister Plenipotentiary of Bra- zil at this court. The fatal event occurred at the Brazilian Jegation in Mansfield street, Portland place, | on Sunday, during her Baseieney 4 confinement. | She was an English lady, and bas left a young and li teresting family. | | were struc! | the roof, completely riddling it and setting it on and then passed down the main roof to the tin o | spont to the ground, doing no damage to them c | chinery. The rain pouring down in torrents extin- 1 giehcd thc So iw Haven Journal, Errecrs or THE Storm rv ConngoticuT.—During a thunder shower which passed over the north part | of Simsbury on the 30th of June, the steam flouring mills belonging to the Massacoe Mills Company by the lightning, which entered one corner of the cupola, about forty feet from the ground, | and burst out again at the other three corners and and to be really and truly ranked among the great maritime powers of the world. But Russia cannot march to the conquest of Turkey with- outthe permission of France and England. Pro- vided he can make sure of England, he can then afford to despise France. All his con- duct towards Louis Napoleon hitherto shows that he despices this individual, and there is no doubt that the Czar desires Soe more than to. have an opportunity of manifesting bis contempt in a. strik- ing megner. This opportunity is offered by tho Turkish question. To prevent blustering, or & phe mature outbreak on the part of France, the under standing between England and the Czar is-kept a profound secret. England, to be sure, sends her fleet Besika Bay; but is it, as the good-natured: public supposes, to counteract the movements of the Czar? By no means; it is to watch the French fleet, and to help the Czar, if necessary, to capture and destroy the French trade. And the terms on which.Eng- land consents to rate with the Czar in his sul ingation of the Turkish empire are commensurate with her political and commercial interests. Eng- land bas her East India empire to preserve and: ex- tend, and to do this effectually she has to secure to herself the shortest road to her East India posses- sions—the has, in fact, to obtain Egypt and tosecure an urmolested passage through the Ked Sea and the Persian Gulf into the Indian Ocean. Egypt will be- come an English province. The sion of Egypt is of vital importance to England; with Egypt ia ossession, her East India empire acquires a new her | vitaht , by the impulse of trade and the fosterin: care of the government of the mother country; for may certainly be expected that one of the great re- suits of a war arising out of the Oriental question will be the reorganization of the Kast India empire upon a liberal, democratic basis. Russia will guar- antee to England the conquest and posseasion of Egypt, the preservation of her East India empire, and the half of China, Persia, and the other barbaric States of Asia, which Russia and England will divide between themselves, for the benefit, in the ond, of ci- vilization and humanity. This new and immense field for the products of English industry wil ren- der the commercial and industrial classes of ae land disposed to consent to the Russian alli- ance in case of a war with France ; they know very well that in such a war Louis. Napoleon must ultimately perish,and that the genius of a bet- ter ard truer humanity will rise from the ruins of this conflict. Russia will be compelled, and England, in- deed, will stipulate, that she enter into a closer com- munion with the commerce and industry of the world; nor will the English people vote the necessary sup- plies for a war arising out of the Eastern question without coming toa clear understanding with the aristocracy about the fe nle's rights. I foresee clear- ly that this war will be the downfall of the ariatocra- cy, with its privileges of caste, rank, titles, decora- tions, and the like, and that the true greatness and glory of the people will date trom the period when the first cannon shot shall be fired against Turkey from Russian and English batteries. But what will France do when she sees herself oust- ed, as it were, from the Oriental question, and see England and Russia arrayed against her in hostile strife’ France, as I said before, will be led to battle by Louis Napoleon; he will fight from au evil motive, but in the name of the people and the peoples. And the people's cause will triumph, both over its false friends and openenemies. Civilization will triumph over barbari-m in the East, and @ new social order, an order of free religion, free thought, and free i dustry, will universally triumph in the West over all religions and politieal despotism. It will then be seen that England and Rossia have great and yiori- ous destinies to accomplish in. the eause of civil tion versus barbavism, and that the trae miss Fronce will be what it always bas been: the in tion and developement of a higher social 1 Europe. D. ry Six Monrns Morraurtry in Boston.-—For the first six months of tre present year, ending June 30, the total number of deaths in this city has been about 1,£60; same period in 1562, 1,594; inorease in 1868, 857. The ohief disorders have been consump: tion, scarlet fever, and infantile disorders. There has been brt one death from smallpox, ang typhas fever has carried off an unusually smail number. A part of the increased mortality is owing, no donbt, to the increase of population. For tha rast month, however, the mortality has been no yreater, if 40 great, as last year.—Boston Herald, July 2. was killed a few miles from Belvidere, Ill. on th nit., by bis weep son. His name was Vanaletine, The murder was done with a rifle, two i} ring the body ©f Vanalstine, killiag him on 4 the spot. Amen 8 OL ife in | . He ‘The Tank’, (Case in {From ths Cindincxi Grmmontion July Li AN EXTRAORDINARY SCENE IN OOUBT. We were for an hour in attendance at the Orimi- nal Court yesterday afternoon, and there witnessed one of the most tl that fore mortal eyes. The great bank progressing. The Hon. William F. Johnson, a wit- ness called by the defence, was onthe stand. Mr. Johnson was & member of the State Senate in 1849, and is prominent as a itician and business man. He was a particular friend of Mr. Kissane, having been a member of the firm of Lot Pugh & Oo., of which Kigeane was confidential clerk. on Mr. Kissane day before he was able to testi 14th of December last, and correct a mistake made by some of the witnesses for the prosecution. Pre- vious to that call he had not seen Kissane for a lon; time, and it was from reading reports of the testi- mony inthe Commercial that the idea occurred to him of taking the stand and proving an alibi for his old associate. The testimony that we will be found recorded fully in our Bf hace Te] After he had testified to the whereabouts of Mr. Kissane on the 14th of December, and the business transaction he bad with him that day, Mr. Pruden roceeded to cross-examine him, avd asked if he knew Mr. Kissane’s handwriting. He replied, with a smile, “Yes, as well as I know my own.” Mr. Pruden then handed hima check drawn by Kissane, and the forged check, and inquired whether he contd detect any similarity in the handwriting that filled them up. Mr. Johnson took the papers and closely examined them. As he did so an expression of ter- ror came upon his countenance, and with a convul- sive movement he threw the papers upon the table, crying, in a tone of horror, ‘That check is Kissane’s handwriting’ He then staggered to his chair, ex- claiming, in a tone that sent a shudder to every heart—"Great God !"" ‘The effect of this tragic scene was stunning. Judge and jury, lawyers and spectators, were alike appal- led. After a moment of breathless excitement and suspense the Court took a recess: This movement seemed involuntary, for calm consideration could not be given to avy subject while dismay was upon the features of every man. Mr. Johnson was gl ly pee, and as he slowly recovered, an expression of intense pain settled upon his cdtntenance, and he seemed suddenly to have grown old. No scene that the pen of the novelist or the dramatist ever drew could equal the terrific dramatic grandeur and pewer cf the solemn reality of this occurrence. In a few minutes the Court was called to order, and Judge Walker cross-examined the witness. All that was elicited by this examination will be found noted by our regular reporter. The following is the testimony alluded to in the above article:— TESTIMONY OF W. F. JOHNSON. William F, Jobnson called and sworn, Q.—Had you business with Mr. Kissane on the 14th of December last? A.—I had. | will state that I was reading in the Daily Commercial of yesterday the report of bis trial, and observed that Mr. Kissane, for whom I en- tertain a high regard, was charged with concernment in this forgery, on the fourteenth of December, and that certain witnesses for the State had sworn to his having been in certain places at certain hours of that day. It instantly strack me that the fourteenth of December last was the very Shy Bist I had some business with Mr. Kissane, and'that I could find pa- pers clearly establishing that fact. . Judge Walker—Have you the papers here? Mr. Johnson—I have, (unfolds a parcel of Papers and takes out a returned ik check;) on the 13th of last December I was preparing to leave for Chicago, where I was very anxious to arrive on the 16th, because on that day I had aa important law suit there; some gentlemen in the pork business here —amopg whcm were Mr. Kissane, Hughes, & Co.. 8. Davis, Jr., & Co., W. H. Fuller, and others—owed me the sum of one thousand dollars, which Haghes & Co. promised to PY, me on the 13th; they did not pay me ou the 13th, but Mr. Kissane, who was pre- sent, said, ‘I will pay you myself,” and made an appointment to meet me for that Paid at Jno. . Coleman’s the next day, at 12 M.; anxious as I was to leave for Chicago, I concluded te wait for tbe money, and at 12 M., of December 14, r¢paired to John W. Coleman’s counting room, on Court street, to meet Mr. Kissane’s eee I waited impa- tiently until full 1 o’cloc pa five minutes af- ter onc—before Mr. K., came; when he entered he madesomeexcuse about being detailed on’Change,and left soon after without saying a word about the thou- sand dollars! _A few minutes after he left 1 speke of the matter to W. H. Fuller, who replied, “Let us go over to Mr. Kissane’s pork house and have the mut- ter properly understood—Ki-sane will make it right’ —or something to that effect ; we immediately walk- edover; while mare ok house, Mr. Kissane wrote me a check for $300, on Groesbeck & Co; I saw. him write it ; this~was on the 1ith of December ;-it was this incident that 1 remembered when reading the report yesterday, and I immediately went to the office of Kisane & Smith, and asked to look at their returned checks for the month of Decemcer last ; from» the bundle handed:12e I picked out this check, (handing counset a: check of Smith & Kissane, on Groesbeck & Co., for $300), which I instantly knew: to be the one I have referred to, and on the Back of which was my own endorsement. CROSS-BXAMINED, Mr. Praden—Do you know Mr. Kissane's hand@-» writing—is that his? (handing “witness the check. for $300 just alluded to.) Mr. Johnson—I know. it a3 well as I know my. own—this is his handwriting. Mr. Pruden—Take the check given you, and» which you saw him write, and compare it with this;. (handing Mr. Johnson the forged check attached to- the indictment, purporting to be drawn by S. Davis, Jr. & Co. for $7,321 65,) and tell me if there is any, similarity in Clee of the two ? > Mr. Johnson takes the two checks, looks at then: for a minute, changes color, and, in a state of fear ful excitement, throws the: forged check, with the- indictment, upon the table-before Mr. Pruden, and» exclaimed—“ That check is Kissane’s handwriting ! Great God ! !”” Mr. Johnson fell back with a convulsive expres~ sion, and was assisted to s chair by Mr. Logan. Great sensation prevailed throughout the court: room. The court took a recess for fifteen minutes. MR. JOHNSON’S TESPIMONY RESUMED. After the recess, Mr. Johnson was cross questioned: by Judge Walker, and replied fibetantially as fol- OWS :— It is very hard to say what it is in the two cheeks that impressed me they were written by the same hand—it was the effect of the whole as [ looked. .at both. The figure 2 is the. greatest similarity in bath checks. Take away the-figures, and I could.mot swear the checks were written by William, (Kissane.) It is exceedingly diffisulu:to express to the unprac- tised what it was I saw in both checks that made me pronounce the.filling up in both to beim William’s handwriting; if I can imagine myself im other ciroumstauces, | must say that had [not known of this indictment, and. been shown the two checks separately, 1 might not have declared them.to be written by the same hand; there is no striking similarity except in the figure 2 in each; I protest to God I wish I could say nothing—could say J knew nothing of this matter; I am affected to see William in this situation—I own it—I am but a man; if the checks had been brought to me from different pasts of the State, separately, and ‘scoompanicd with no remarks, I might not have observed a similarity; if the forged check hac:-been shown me with the.ques- tion “ Do you know that handwriting?” J can’t say that I should have reeognized itas William Kissane’s. Both checks are wri‘ten in a free, bold mavner;, might not be the same hand; I looked them all. over hefore I spoke; the figure threes in each are dissimilar; L might even say the ehecks were written by, different hands; the two ‘ Jecembers” are not written alike; the only positive point of similarity is in. the figure 2; and two men dashing off acheck.in a hurry might be apt to make the dash at tka ond of the figure alike. OROSS-QUESTIONED, Tam as well ees to answer any.qnestionsnow asI shall be. [This was said in reply to a proposi- tion that he should retire five minutes] 1 was a aitner in the house of Lot Pugh & Co, and Mr. <issane was our confidential clerk; it was a generat similarity, or, a somethjng, that is. moss diffioult to explain, tha’ forced me to say the ohecks wore Wil- iam’s handwriting. ‘The P.usaian Frigate Gefion. New Yors, July 3, 1963. 10 THE EDATOR OF THR HERALD. In yoar Sunday paper I found # communication from ‘One of the Schleswig-Holstein Army,” ctating thatthe Prussian frigate Gefion was no Prussian ves- fel, and had bean taken fram Schkeswig-Holateia by Prussia in spite of all Germany. ‘The facts axe these:—In 1848 German patriotism, ‘was roused from the death-like slamber it had in- dalged in for many years, and the Germea Diet thea asembled at Franlifort and made war on Denmark for the wrengs inflicted by ‘Uaut country on Schilea- wig Holstein, andabout the same ti:ae tovuk mea- sures to provide for a navy. The frigate Gafion, taken by Sch'eswig-Holstein and Negsau, 24 est, Ger man troops, (Sehleswig-Holstein and Nassau, belong to the Germaa Confederacy,) wasnaturally, rated with the \hen existing Gexman fleet, and ittefinal disu lution was given uy.to Prussia to ind nify her for her previous contzibutions to. the forma- tion of a German navy. So the Gefion has been paid for by Prussia, and E believe payment will he considered even, bj “One of the Schleswig-Tolstein Army,” a8 a Tawa | and just means of soquiaing a frigate. “NH OF THR PRUSSIAN ARMY. A THrarre AT Banatoda.—The Saratoga Whats announces that a Mr. Monkiey, of Albany, haa renter the building near the Pavilion Spring, known as the Histrionic Hall, and has common it bh a superior manner for theatrical pur- Pores, and that he will acon be prepared to open ' With a good stock company for the summer.