The New York Herald Newspaper, July 5, 1853, Page 4

NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, PROPRIETOR AND EDITOR, ‘@vPICE N. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU STS. FUE RABE APRA rt rca Se yer copy th 83 per "the Buropean ry RY CORRESPONDENCE, containing impor ft em world ; if wsed, OUR FOREIGN CORRESHOR- ‘ORNTS ARS PARTICULAR’ AQUESTED TO smal ALL Lat 73 a, PACKAGES SENT US. NOTICE of anonymous communications, We de not return those rejected. ‘ALL LETTERS by mail for Subscriptions, of with Adver- sioreneams, Se be next paid, or the postage will be deducted from the money remitted JOB PRINTING executed with neatness, cheapness, and itch. WER TISEMENTS renetced every day. Volume XVIII — The News. Yesterday being the Sabbath, we, as usual, receiv- ed but few items of news by telegraph. The extra- ordinary barrenness of our telegraphic column to- day, however, is a very fortunate circumstance, for ‘the reason that it gives us room for much very inter- esting and useful reading which we would not otherwise have had the satisfaction of publishing. The recess taken by the Legislature has tended greatly to relieve our columns of the monotony which the daily publication of the proceedings of the wiseacres at Albany ‘ends to produce. The generality of readers are becoming somewhat tired of politics, and they are particularly weary of poring over the partizan disputes which have characterized the transactions of our legislators since they first as- sembled ,4n January last. Even the most inveterate politicians, as we!l as everybody else, like variety, and in this numbe. * our paper we have endeavored to satisfy the wants of all. The steamship Empire City, which arrived from Havana last night, brought some rather interesting information relative to the arrest of Count Carlisle, en acherge of conspiracy, the design of which ap- pears to have been the overthrow of the present gov- ernmect of Jamaica by the black population. A ves- sel had been seized, Waded with munitions of war, alleged to have been furnished by the Count and others. Should the charges prove well founded, the Movement for another negro empire in the West In- dies will be very apt to astonish Old England, and bring her to her senses with regard to the manceu- vres of the disciples of Uncle Tom. We elsewhere publish some important official docu- ments relative tothe question of jurisdiction over United States vessels in British ports, being the cor- respondence between Lords Malmesbury and Pal- merston, the American Minister and others, concern- ing the attempted arrest of the chief mate of the steamship Hermann, by English policemen, while the vessel was lying in the roads of Southampton, in November last. We have commented upon this sub- ject at considerable length in another article. fi Hon. Pierre Sonlé, the newly appointed Minister to Spain, arrived in the Empire City last night. He is em route for Madrid. The curious movements of the people throughout the entire country on national gala days afford a fund of amusing contemplation. The general order 0 things on such occasions is invariably reversed. Citizens, who can, always fice to the sountry to avoid the noise and confusion, while the rural inhabitants of all ages and sexes make it a point to visit the city and enjoy the festivities. The metropolis is at pre- sent completely overrun by strange pedestrians—fa- miliar faces are not to be met. The parks, the thea- tres, and other places of amusement, the hotels and saloons, will all be crammed to-day and to-night, with thousands upon thousands who were never here before, while the majority of our population twho have been compelled to stay in the city will quietly remgin at home, and perhaps enjoy portions of the displays of fireworks from the roofs of their houses. This extraordinary change in location is not only the case in this but in every other large city, in il- Justration of which fact we observe that the Albany train which reached Boston on Saturday evening, was composed of thirty cars filled with passengers. Eighteen thousand pounds of fresh salmon are said to have reached Boston last Saturday from St. John. Daring the week ending last Saturday four hundred and five deaths occurred in this city, being one hun- ared and fifty-six less than in the preceding week. This gratifying decrease in the mortality is mainly owing to the purification of the atmosphere by tre- guent thunder storms, thereby almost entirely pre- venting deaths from beat. There were only six fatal eases of sun stroke, and six of congestion of the brain, while the week before there were twenty of the former, and twenty-one of the latter. Of cholera infantum there were forty-five; convulsions, thirty- nine; consumption, thirty-four; various inflammations, forty-four: drepsical diseases, thirty-seven; diarrhoea, twenty-three; dysentery, fourteen; marasmus, six- teen; and apoplexy, ten. The deaths among children ander one year of age numbered one hundred and sixty, whereas during the week-previous they reached two hundred and fifty. While contrasting the pre- sent with the subsequent report of the City Inspector, and returning thanks tothe great Giver for the comparatively cool and wholesome weather which we have of late been the grateful recipients, Jet us not forget that our countrymen in many parts of the South and West are severely suffering from drought. May the refreshing showers net only be continued to us but extended to them also. As an appropriate subject for the anniversary of the nation’s bisth, we lay before our readers to-day an interesting account of the vessels which have been Jannched in New York during the past six months of 1853, and also of those remaining unfinished in the various yards. It gives an excellent idea of the great progress we have made in that important branch of industry, and is well worthy the perusal of all interested in the advancement of American com- merce. In addition to much other matter, to which we have no room to particularly refer, to-day’s paper con- tains two very interesting reports from our new Eng- Jand Commissioner; Letters from Boston and various Summer Retreats; Communications relative to the Ruseo-Turkish Question, and the Atlantic and Pa- cific Railroad; Details of the Proceedings of the Vermont Democratic Convention; a great amount of Commercial, Local aud Miscellancous News, &c. Misstesivrt = Ponirics-—SrRaWBERRIES AND Cnream.—It appears that, to all intents and purposes, the late whig party in Mississippi is dead and gone, and the men who composed it are now co-operating with certain independent democrats in the service of Governor Foote, who is again a candidate for the United States Senate. The Marshall Guard. a paper of the rural districts of Mississippi, says that Governor Foote, as a candidate for the United States Senate, is gaining strength in all parts of the State; that all the whigs, except the secession por- tion of them, are for him; that the masses of the State rights , not the leaders, are flocking to him; that the Union democrats “almost worsbip hbim;” and that Marshall will elect a fall delegation to the Leyisleture instructed to vote for him. The ladies have sent him “two elegantly served up dishes of strawberries and Antwerp raspberries, with a pitcher of thick, fresh cream.” Polities, the compromise measures, the Union, the ladies—God bless them!——the ladies, and strawberries and Antwerp raspberries, and pitchers of thick, fresh cream. If Governor Foote can’t succeed upon that platform he had better repudiate Mississippi as a hopeless case and proceed at once in search of the gold mines of Texas. But with such auxiliaries as those re- cited we don’t think he can fail, Let the ladies keep up the supply of strawberries, Antwerp raspberries, and pitchers of thick, fresh cream, and all must go well. Let the Senate prepare for another speech or two from General Foote, “The Union must and shail be preserved.” The Fourth of July. The absence of historical interest in America, save and except that which attaches to those fields on which the battles for her independence were fought and won, furnishes matter for re- gret, rather than tor indifference, and with her developement as a great nation, and with her satisfaction at seeing herself show the most convincing and untnistakable proof of the impo- tency of despotic powers against her success, there should ever be interwoven and consecra- ted the most vivid and grateful recollection of every circumstance antecedent to her grandeur and of every being contributing to her renown. The purity and simplicity of republican cus- toms, and that equality which is the paramount boast of our citizens, do not in this country permit of the lavishing recompense, other than temporary in its nature, irrespective always of that celebrity for great and good actions which is, and always will be imperishable; yet, be- cause America has a natural and firmly founded dislike to those aristocratic rewards freely given in Europe, where honors are hereditary, and where greatness of ancestors is shown in titles, aceruing by birth to men who have no other claim to be considered superior to their fellow-heings—because America has these so- called prejudices there exists no good reason for her forgetting the duty she owes to all who have gone before and to all who may come af- ter, by obstinately refusing or wilfully neglect- ing to preserve the last earthly records of those who, by their deeds and lives. gained immortal names for themselves, and ever verdant laurels for their country’s glory. In the history of nations and of national re- grets there is no event that speaks more thril- lingly to the soul than that recounted by La- martine in his ‘History of the Girondins,” where a populace. in its violence and uncon- trollable fury, despoiled at St. Denis the tombs of France’s kings, scattering their monuments and ashes to the winds, which all the while moaned and sighed mournfully over the dese- eration of the memory of the dead. Yet even here there existed the consolation that a desire had once been evinced to preserve such relics, and that although the efforts of virtuous nation- ality were defeated by a mob’s rapine and ruin, there still remained the conviction that the loyal withers for a country’s good had once carried out their intention of doing honor to all whose names, (whether celebrated by good or evil repute), it was impossible to separate from the history of their country, Free from the convulsions of popular distur- bance, and in the enjoyment of unbounded tran- quillity and prosperity, which her natural position, successful enterprise, sound and just laws have ever given, this mighty re- public may read a valuable lesson from the events narrated by the French historian; and with the conviction, reasonable and inevit- able, that national feeling suffers and weakens by the endurance of national losses, she may, and undowbtedly will, endeavor to strengthen and support the feelings of concord and pride which bind her people together, and which give the promise of making them the most powerful of nations. The day has again arrived when the name of Washington hangs upen every lip, andwhen the vastness of his fame, the amount ofhis self-de- nial, and the soundness of his patriotism. fall with redoubled force upon the recollections of every one; and although in this country no flush of shame is seen or felt that the mausoleum of the illustrious dead has been invaded, or that any chance exists of the sanctity of their remains being disturbed. the fact is. nevertheless, preva- lent and true, that more merited honor might | have been shown to their ashes, and more con- sideration given, not only to the remnants of their vitality, but to the conservation, as na- tional property, of what they most valued on earth. In connection with these remarks. who can read without emotion a paragraph published by a cotemporary on the 30th ultimo, by which it may be inferred that the citizens of the United | States are accustomed to the rumor of the sale of Mount Vernon toa joint stock company of | speculators. and to this information there re- mained but to be added the intelligence “that the grave of James Madison, the father of our federal conStitution, and twice President of the republic, cannot now be recognised!” Were it necessary to add to our selfreproach we might advert to the present dilapidated con- dition of Monticello and the grave of Jeiferson —tothe marks of violence and Vandalism which disfigured the tomb of Gen. Harrison; to the melancholy fact that a merchent of New York has saved the resting place of the mother of George Washington from oblivion, and that the mod- est little monument which encloses the ashes of the “Father of his Country” was patrioti- cally furnished by a marble cutter of Philadel- phia, whose advertisement, (if our recollection is not at fault.) is sculptured upon the sarco- phagus itself. But without recalling thes things, let us hope that all such cases of deplo- rable neglect heretofore may be redeemed by a proper degree of respect for the illustrious dead of the nation hereafter. In the middle ages republican Rome knew of no more glorious certainty for exciting patriotism, valor and intellectuality, than in the granting bright garlands and substantial rewards to the living; whilst artistic, emblo- matic. and never-fading marble, was voted to ihe meritorious, the celebrated dead; and if Ronio inthe age of barbarism could look be- yond the preséni, and could desire to bequeath for the ediiration of eterSfry names which her nationality and pride would not allow herto neglect or forget, how much more does it be- 1 e us to follow the example she set us, and for the fature, at any rate, save ourselves from the chance of a statement that the tomb of onr President—none of whom the nation de- lighted to honor—cannot be recognised in the mass of weeds that surround it. Tudulging in the belief that national ingrati- tude is a sin of deepe e than personal forget- fulness of benefits, we bring the matter promi- nently forward on aday so fully dedi at the Fourth of July to national re’ g. and possibly the temper and feeling of that multi- tude whio assemble to raise their voices in honor of the republic, and to express their satisfuc- tion at the visible effect of efforts at first pigmy yet afterwards gigantic, and resulting in our present happiness and strength, may suggest some plan as the means of saving from reproach acountry which has need of great men, and which at any rate is capable of decreeing a re. cognizable and permanent resting place for their lifeless bodies. If one voice be wanting to proclaim the ne- cessity for bestowing honor where honor is due, and for transmitting to eternity historical monu- mente of America’s greatest men, we will raise it. and at the same time indulge in the antici- pation that the words we utter will, fur and wide, find many an echo in the hearts of thos? | ‘The Consular System of the United States. | who, whilst conscious of their apathy, have hith. erto been worse than deaf to the urgent plead- ings of the dead. Rights of American’ Vessels Abroad—At- tempted Arrest of the Mate of the Her mann. A most important principle of international and maritime law is involved in the case of the mate of the steamship Hermann, which will be found in another column. The facts are briefly these. In November last a difficulty, which ended in blows, took place on board the Her- mann, in the port of Southampton, between Mr. Venus, the mate of that vessel, and a French waiter, shipped at Bremen. The latter having been placed in irons by the captain, sent ashore at Southhampton, and discharged from the ship, applied for and obtained from the authorities of that port a warrant against the mate. With this warrant policemen boarded the Hermann in the stream, an hour or two before she sailed, and demanded the surrender of Mr. Venus. Captain Higgins stated that he could not, at that time, dispense withghis services—that in case of his own illness the mate was the only person competent to navigate the ship—that were the vessel to sail without him, and any accident to occur to himself, the insurance would be lost—and formally refused to comply with the demand of the police. In this reso- lution he was confirmed by the opinion of Mr. Croskey, United States Consul, who informed the bearers of the warrant that the mate would not be surrendered. The police then went ashore, and the Hermann sailed, with Mr. Venus on board. The occurrence has given rise to a volumi- nous correspondence—a portion of which we publish elsewhere—between Mr. Ingersoll, the British Seeretary of State, Mr. Croskey, and the local authorities at Southampton. Our Consul takes the ground that the magistrates at South- ampton had no jurisdiction over an offence com- mitted on board an American ship; and further —founding himself on the well-known principle, that a ship’s deck is to all intents and purposes the soil of the country whose flag she carries— denies the right of the British police to board theHermann‘and arrest one of her officers. On these two issues Mr.Croskey has the misfortune to differ entirely both from the United States and the British authorities of State. Mr. Ever- ett was clearly of opinion that the facts charged against the mate by the waiter, “if correctly stated, not only justified but required the in- terference of the authorities” [at Southampton;] and that “if, when the police boarded the ship, she was within the local jurisdiction of England, all attempt to resist them was unlawfal, and would form a just matter of complaint on the part of the British government.” Lord Pal- merston, in like manner, considered “ that Mr. Croskey was wrong in disputing the jurisdiction of the magistrates, as it was clear, and univer- sally admitted, that a merchant vessel of one country within the waters of another was as fully liable to the laws of that country as if the sbip was high and dry on her shores.” The matter of the arrest ended, as such affairs generally do, in smoke. The mate surrendered himself on his return to stand his trial ; but no prosecutor was forthcoming. and the case was dis- missed, the magistrates contenting themselves with presuming that ‘there was some misap- prehension on the part of Mr. Croskey.” But the practical result of the case is the establish. ment ofa principle which shipowners and ship- masters would do well to bear in mind. It is now settled, so far as the concurrent epinions of two foreigr governments can settle a point of internationai law, that where an offi- cer of an American vessel is charged with com- miiting an offence on board that vessel while she lies in a foreign port, the ship may be boarded by the police of the port, the officer ar- rested and carried on shore, and the vessel de- prived of his services for the voyage. Most of our readers are acquainted with the general principle of maritime law, that vessels at sea are held to be part and parcel of the country to which they belong, and that they are subject to her jurisdiction alone, or, as Napoleon epigrammatically phrased it, that partout o% est le drapeau, 1a est la pa- trie. Our resistance of England's pretended right of search, and our subsequent vindication of the inviolability of our merchant navy, were based on this prineiple. But {t only applies to vessels at sea, beyond any territorial jurisdic- tion. When a ship once enters foreign waters the municipal code overrides the international law, and she becomes, as Lord Palmerston says, as clearly subject to the jurisdiction of the country in whose waters she is as if she were high and dry on the shore. Henee it was that, when the men of the Sardinian frigate San Giovanni infringed our laws, our police were entitled to pursue the offender on board the foreign vessel, and insist on his surrender. By the case of the Hermann the point is placed in a still clearer light. The offence of the Sar- dinians was committed on shore: that of the | mate of the Hermann on board his ship, while lying in the port of Southampton. But so far as the question of jurisdiction is concerned the cases are parallel, and, as will be seen by Mr. Ingereoll’s letter, there is no disposition on the part of our government to quarrel! with this interpretation of the law. Still it must be obvious to all that such an understanding may lead to ye inconve- niences. Ocean mail steamers are bound to sail on the day fixed under heavy penalties, As the law stands, any rascal may make an affidavit and obtain a warrant against the captain or mate of ove of our steamers just he is on the point of leaving Liverpool or Southampton, and so place the vessel under the alternative of sailing without an indispe e officer, or delaying her departure at a ruinous expense. The same thing may occur ith respect to one of the Cunard vessels eal on the part of a consul like Mr. Croskey may lead to unpleasant alter- cations, and disturb the friendly feeling existing hetween the two countries. [1 is obviously necessary that foreign vessels should not be suffered to play the part of harbors of refuge for malefactors ; but wisdom dictates the policy of narrowing the list of cases in which they can he hoarded hy police to as few as possible. A two-penny assault e: assuredly not one re- quiring an exercise of such dedicate powers, Would it not be possible to establish a regula- tion at the great ocean ports under which the ofticer entrusted with the warrant should be authorized to receive bail for the due appear- ance of the officer accused on the return of the vessel? Ascommerce and civilization advance the strict requirements of the law necessarily submit to many relaxations ; and this, it seems to us, is precisely a case in which the dictum strictissimi juris should be made to yield to the necessities of trade and the public interest. We have, in truth, yet to learn that the rules of the maritime law which govern these cases have fallen under the notice of our Secretary of State; to suggest that he consider the expe- diency of moditying their tenor before we are eure that he knows of their existence might be premature. Bnt chould the onerous task of dividing the spoils leave him @ spare moment for other duties, we respectfully recommend this branch of our laws to his careful stady, modern office of consul Srat originated in Italy, about the middle of the twelfth century. ‘The commercial relations of the Venetians and Genoese republics with various other countries, barbarous and civilized, rendered the establish? ment of foreign consuls necessary, whose duties it should be to look after the commercial and political interests of the governments they re- presented, Other governments, as their commerce be- came extended, found it necessary to adopt the consular system. England, as her trade be- came enlarged, at an early period, followed the example of Italy. France also adopted the system, followed by other countries, until at the present time there is no civilized gov- ernment without its consular representatives scattered over the world. There is no official service more important than that rendered by consuls to their govern- ments when properly discharged. Their offices are threefold :—First, to look after the shipping and commercial interests of their governments; secondly, to keep them posted regarding all political movements of importance; thirdly, to note all improvements of importance, whether in inventions, mechanics, or discoveries or improvements in the arts, and especially in agriculture, &c., accounts of which should be recorded, and transmitted to their govern- ments. They should also thoroughly under- stand the political and physical character of their own country, and be fully posted as to its statistics, resources, &c., so that they might be able to answer questions promptly, and to hold up the good points of their country to the admiration of others, and thereby gain esteem and confidence. Scarcely any two States have adopted pre- cisely the same consular system. That of Eng- land is, no doubt, established on the most ex- tensive and efficient scale, yet it is in some re- spects extremely defective. Among them all that of the United States is the worst. We hang toa system which was imperfectly organized in 1792, just after the adoption of the constitution by thirteen com- paratively poor and feeble States. In 1792 the whole cotton crop of the United States only reached 357 bales. Whitney’s saw-gin was not invented until 1794, which increased the crop of 1794-95 to 3,750 bales. In 1792 we were. unable to pay salaries to consuls. The consu- lar fees at Liverpool were insignificant, while those at Havre and Havana were not worth having. Indeed, but few American consuls were sent abroad, and we had to rely upon the services of a few friendly foreign merchants, among whom was Mr. Fitzpatrick, the father of the present Empress of France, at Malaga, in Spain. In 1803, fifty years ago, Congress passed an act amplifying the previous law of 1792, but which did not change the very serious defects of the old. Since that time to the present no other law has been enacted. The imperfections of the system have grown into monstrous grievances, and the whole rendered more or less useless, or posi- tively injurious, as far as the highest interest of the country is concerned- In the past fifty years the country has ex- panded into thirty-one States. with a popula- tion of about twenty-five millions. The crop of cotton, from a few hundred bales. has increased to one of over three millions. Almost every- thing has changed. Even State constitutions have been remodelled, and vast territories cul- tivated, but the wretched consular system of 1803 remains just where the law of that year left it. All attempts to remodel or improve it have failed. If the system is bad, the mode of filling consular appointments is still worse, and grossly reprehensible. Qualifications are rarely thought of by any administration. The extent of assumed party services by applicants have generally appeared to be the sole test of quelifications. A man who lras performed dirty work in local or State elections—a man with- out political honesty, or the sincere re- spect or confidence of the community, who knows little of his own country and less of those at a distance, whose education and pursuits have been of a nature to unfit him for the duties of a consul, who knows comparative- ly little and cares less for the laws of nations or of trade, is ignorant of all languages but that of his mother tongue, and of all sciences and arts but those of the village pettifogger or pothouse orater, and reckless of all improve- ments save those adapted to the winning an oftice—no sooner does his party triumph than he is first to claim his reward. Not fit for any responsible oftice at home, be is thought good enough for a consul, and is forthwith despatch- ed to represent the country abroad—to watch over the commercial interests of our merchants, and to elevate the character and dignity of our country by the superior example of his pro- found knowledge, integrity, and industry. In plain English, to injure our commerce, disgust his countrymen travelling abroad, and to lower his country and people in the eyes of all en- lightened foreigners. In the last fifty years Liverpool has grown to pay our consul in fees nine to ten thousand dollars per annum, and Havana about as much. These offices are generally bestowed on po- litical partizans, for their services, while other consulates, in many respects scarcely less equal in commercial and political importance, afford | fees inadequate to support reapectable persons in office, and are either filled by foreigners or some politician who is incapable of doing | anything at home. Or, perchance, some } American factor residing abroad, is found willing to receive the title as a means of pro- | moting his private interest. In brief, the whole | sysiem is”a jumble of absurdities, disgraceful to the great and growing country which tole- yates it, and unworthy of the age in which we live. The magnitnde of our growth, of our ship- ping and commerce, of our territorial expan- sion, of foreign intercourse and onward pro- gress, demand the complete and radical over- throw of the obsolete rubbish gf the past cen- tury and the adoption of 0 nete and expanded system better suited to our uew position among the nations of the world. We have, under | Providence, a great mission to perform. We have to hold forth the principles of our free in- stitutions to the down-trodden people of ine world. Our colors must be uofurled on our outer walls, and nailed to the signal mast of liberty. We must have able, true-hearted mir our faith, to represent both our pecuniary and political interests in forcign lands, whether say- age or civilized, and if Exceutives will ap- point disqualified persons to go abroad the Senate should not hesitate to reject them. The only episodes witnessed in our consular ryetem are to be found in the circulars directed to our consuls regarding routine local duties, and persona) etiquette or deportment, with peea- | -tre, and one on each | the same thing. Is the country safe? | were 1,200 bales, without alteratioa in quotations. liarity of dress, &c. Some of these circulars re- garuing dress are very curious, The was issued by the Department of State on the 8th of August, 1815:— each cuff; four under each hip and the folds; two side of extremity of the skirts. ‘The front, (from the cape down to the | tremity of the skirts,) cuffs, eapes, and pocket to be embroidered in gold, representing a vine posed of olive leaves, and the button holes worked with gold thread. The button-holes corres- ponding with the width of the embroidery, which is not to exceed two inches in any part. Vest and smallclothes of: white, and navy buttons; the former to have ten in front and four under each pocket flap. With this dress, a cocked hat, a amall- sword, and shoes and buckles are to worn. The hat to be furnished with gold loup, An tassels, and black cockade with gold eagle in centre; added to which, it is to be understood that the mountings of the sword, and the shoe and knee buckles, are to be gold, otherwise gilt. Of all this, Mr. Marey, Secretary of State, in his circular to our consuls, dated at the Depart- ment of State, June 1, 1853, makes short work. He says, that— All the instructions heretofore issued trom this de- artment, in relation to consular uniforms, are here- revoked. Neither the propriety nor the fee ofany regulationon this subject perceived. No law prescribes it to such officers at home—no usage warrants any such mere extefnal distinction, and it could not be assumed by functionaries at home with- out offence to public taste. We shall proceed hereafter to show the im- portance attached to the consular office by Eng land, and the extent and character of qualifica tions deemed requisite to enable a person to discharge the duties appertaining to the same. By this means we shall see how far similar qualifications are regarded by our government, and how very deficient our system is_ compared j site + to that of other countries. Now ror It.—General Almonte, Santa Anna’s especial protegé and favorite, and his newly ap- pointed Minister to Washington, has arrived there, and will probably be presented to-day to the President and his Cabinet on or before the reception of the people at the White House. Now for it. Heretofore the Mexicans have beaten our diplomatists all hollow. We shall watch with great solicitude and anxiety for the beginning, the progress, and conclusion of the negotiations upon Mexiean affairs between Almonte and Gov. Marcy. We recommend our Premier to don the old continental costume of Ben Franklin—a broad shad-bellied coat, very long waistcoat, short tight breeches, neatly patched, and those blue yarn stockings—and set too with the cool, discriminating good sense and sagacity of the old Doctor, and then we shall succeed in frustrating the machinations of all our enemies, open and disguised, domestic and foreign, in Mexico, without a resort to arms. Gen. Almonte left Washington in 1845 be- -cause his functions as a diplomat were cut short by a casus belli. We have now a similar occasion for just such another disturbance. But we rely upon our Premier to bring us out of it by good writing instead of hard fighting. The web of our Mexican affairs is complex and difficult of disentanglement without breaking the thread of peace; but perhaps our Premier can doit. Perhaps not. We must wait, and Wall street must be patient. The arrival of Gen. Almonte is something. For the rest, we can only urge upon our Premier the diplomacy of Franklin, as well as his old clothes. Keep cool. Nor att Jouty.—The squads of poor whig clerks who have been turned adrift from the executive departments at Washington, and from the custom house in New York, within the last ten days. will not. perhaps, feel as jolly on this “our glorious Fourth” as the hards and softs who have succeeded to their places. But let all concerned bear in mind that their bad lack will not be retrieved by a reckless frolic. All persons inclined that way, ~ ins” and “outs,” should remember that “ the glorious Fourth” is followed by the melancholy headache fifth. Don’t forget the fifth. —The proclamation of Postmaster Fowler, which we published yester. day, regulating the letter carrier’s duties, and defining their respective districts in the city, is a pretty good beginning. Now let him jog the memory of the Postmaster General, and Mr. Nesbitt, the contractor, with regard to those stamped envelopes, and in relation to the re- peated mail failures, particularly on the great Southern mail line south of Washington. We shall expect Mr. Fowler to aid us and the Post- master General in perfecting, as far as possible, the whole letter and newspaper tranaportation of the United States. The New York Postmas- ter cando much in this great enterprise, and much yet remains undone. Tur Mate Liquor Law tn New Hampsarre.— The Legislature of New Hampshire adjourned last Saturday. All the laws to regulate the sale of liquor were postponed. We have come to the conclusion that our Legislature will do Eurorran TeteRarnic AGENCY.—Thove of our readers vho have occasion to transact buriness through any of the European telegraph lines ares efereed to Mr. Hunter's advertiverent, in er column, for valuable informs tien, Mr, Hunter &s we have the best reason to know, unequslled facilities for traneacting the business in which he is ergaged, and having employed him, in conrestion with the morning journals of this city.’ for about eighteen months past, as our general European ecirespondent, «e know him to he faithful and diligeat in whatever be undertakes,—Courier and Enquirer. We add our testimony to that of the Courter and Enquirer in behalf of Mr. Hunter's fidelity and dili- gence, and feel confident that those who employ him will have every reason to be satisfied with his services, ‘Talk on ‘Change. ‘Change was thinly attended on Saturday, it being the eve of the national holiday, and transactions in most ar ticles of trade were rather limited. The sales of cotton To bacco continued firm, with sales of 200 a 400 hhds., at full prices. Telegraphic despatches were received from Ken- tucky, stating that ker had been no rain to do any good, ard that the prospects of the crops were as unpromising as ever. Many of the merchants who revided up town spoke ot the severity of the hail storm; the lumps of ice wore th» largest they had ever seen fall {rem the clouds; and were it not that the accounts were corroborated hy such 9 multitude of unimpeachable witnesses they would ap pear incredible. The wonder was tha’ greater injary had not resnited from the storm, The wind eame first, then a comparative calm followed, when the hail fell al most yerperdicularly. Hence, while a great many houses had the ekylights broken, the panes im side windows gon erally ereaped. There were serious complaints made by a number ef mer- chants against the new Uvited Sta*es envelopesjon acoouat of their being stamped with Mr, G. (', Nesbitt’s name and residence, and at the very poiat where tae privats seal of these using them should appear, Chas op receiving o letter im one of these enrsloyes, | and lookiog for the seal,» person might imagiae that it had come from Mr. Nesbitt, the worthy statiooer of Ne val York, and manufacturer of the government envelopes It was said that the privato seal of letters afforded so | iodex to their authors and place of mailing thom soi that lost ox minyliced letters cou'd thus bo returand to their proper owcers without bving opened fa tho pre tent care, the place cf sealing Lelog covered with sie. Neebitt's nawe und place of revidence, sneh letters might be sent to him instead of their authors. large number of merchants declare that would never use the énvelopes thus stam; Nesbit’s or any other persen’s name, Others if they did use them they would erase the private stamp or eover it with a seal. None could dissover any good purpose to be answered by this private stamp. Some considered that if the department had-aathorised such Liberty it was a gross error, and would defeat the utility of the stamps to the public. If Mr. Nesbitt was tebe benefited by the sale of them he would fiad it to his in< terest to remove all private marks from the en< velopes. The United States stamps on them were beau. tifully and elegantly executed, and were ereditable- to the manufacturer, and sincere regret was expresse@ that their utility was so seriously marred, if not des+ troyed, by the private stamp referred to. It was hope? the difficulty weuld be rectified, either by Mr. Nesbit himself, or by the Post Office department, and at onee. It appeared that the German merchant previously referred to as being unable to obtain the interest on hig coupon bonds issued by the city of Albany at the Bank of New York, on Friday, handed them te a notary for protest. This functionary, on huating reund, reseived the money at Duncan, Sherman, & Co,’s, and handed {¢ over to the merchant on the same afternoon. It was presumed from this fact that the city of Albany hag changed their agents in New York for paying its interest,’ and had failed to apprise the public of the fact, either through the Raok of New York, or the publMe prints, which was customary in all such cases. The Crystal Palace. PROGRESS OF THE WORK—MORE ARTICLES FOR EX> HIBITION. During the past week the workmen seem to have redoubled their exertions, the dome is rapidly ap- proaching completion, and the decorations of the esilings and railings, &c., will be finished in two weeks at the utmost. The bronzing of the exterior requires but a few days to complete ; and the additional structure in the rear, for the working and stationary machiaery, it is ex« pected, will be ready nearly a week before the opening of the exhibition. This building will extend the whole length of the rear, from Fortieth to Forty-second streets,’ and, with the exception of portion of the second story,’ which is reserved for a gallery of paintings, will be mainly occupied by the machinery. The boiler will be placed ia a brick building in process of erection on the north side of Fortieth street, from which the ateam will be eonvey- édin pipes or eonductors running under ground. The gallery designed for the poiatings will be admirably adapted for the purpose, and will, we have no doubt,’ form ore of the most attractive features of the whole exe hibition, It will be four hundred and fifty feet in length, by twenty-one in width, and the light will be so dise posed as to give the best effect to the paintings. A part of the first story, we should state, has been set apart for a refreshment saloon, which will be fitted upin a style corresponding with the general appearanee of the building. Among the many thousends of beautiful specimens of human inventions which will be exhibited, the following is particularly deserving of notice:—One full battery,’ United States service pattern, executed with such pers feetion that it must prove a most terrible engine of de- struction, This battery consists of one six-peund gun earriag?, one caisson, one battery wagon, and one travel- ling forge, with all its necessary implements, equipments, and stores, completed for service in the field, either for light or heavy artillery; it was brought yesterday to the Cryrtal Palace, havirg been forwarded by Major Joh Syrmington, U.S.A. It was made in the United States Watervliet Arsenal : the carriages are all from the best. specimens of Massechusetts oak, and are beautifully var- nished. ‘There is also a mountain howitzer carriage, with all ite implements, packs, saddles, and complete harness; the guns will be brought in a few days, and have been far- nirhed by Mr. James T. Amos, of Cabotsville, Mass. In the French department they are working with great aseiduity; many of the exhibitors have oome over with their goods. Some glass cases from France are already up, and to-morrow the general opening of cases and boxes in this division will begin. The etone statue purporting to represent Daniel Websters by Mr, Carew, of London, was raised yesterday. The following additional works of arts from Italy were Drought to the Crystal Palace, from the Custom House. yesterday — 1) kw omer FROM TUSCANY, . An ofl painting representing Christopher Col : by, antonio Puceinelit inten iar 2. An cil painting repre-eating the aneient fate of Calends of May; by Ferdinando Folehi, : A Be 3, A marble statue representieg a child sleeping, or the sleep of innocence; by Profesor G. Diy ‘ 4, A warble figure representing a boy; by Louis Magi. 5, Anoil painting representing the holy women at the grave of Christ; by Guiseppe Bellucci. David appeusing Saul’s anger; by the same. 6. A marble wantle piece, statuary style; by Francesco Ss are 'O. Co, representing Aurora, as painted by Guido A collection of chalcedosian Jolly By Boa, gr 7. Three mogeic tables, a single one worth £383, FROM ROME, A mosaic table of pietra dura. Two large pillars of oriental granite, A chaptre! and basis of purple colored marble. ‘Two vases and stands of orieatal alabaster. Two large marble lions, expies from Cay. Canova, ‘Two busts of young Augustus, Ove bust of a vertal. One bust of Sapho. One marble basso-relievo, Mosaic ware. Oriental alabaster ware. A large warble cup, representing Tripoceous alain. Two large Porto-yenere marble eolum3 with their bares, The magnificent models of our Saviour and the twelve Apostles, by the great Danish sculptor, Thorwaldsen, have all been placed upon their pedestals. As works of art it is almost supertiuons to state that they will stand Pre eminent among ail. The figure of Christ, whieh is Vhree or four feet taller than any of the others is the most perfect that can be eoneeived, and con veys a truer idea of the personal attributes ef the Seviour than any painting we have ever seen, He is represented with outstretched hands, as if in the net of blecring—the head :lightly inelinsd, Tt is impor- sible to obtain a true impression of the exquisite besuty and perfection of this work of art from a passing glance; you must contemplate it for a quarter of aa bour at least, and recall to jour mind the divine eharacter and mirsion cf Chiist, before you can fully realize the various merits of this grest master piece. The apostles are placed on +maller pedestals, and are ranged in the foraa of a semi-circle. The whole is surrounded by a boarded ferce, the interior of which, we understand, will be lined with biack t, against which the figares will appear to greate tage than they cin be soon at present. The following works of Thorwaldsen will alse be ex. hibited » Cupid awaking Psyche~a bas relief. Cupid and Bacchus—bas relief, Christ Blessing the Little Chiidren—bas relief. The Blessed Virgin, the Infant Chiist, and St. John— bas relief. St. Joho Baptising Cheist in the Jordan—bas relief. The Three Graces—statue, Venus— statue, Mercury—statue. All of there are under the eare of Mr. Beek, who is a: pose ‘Thorwaldeen, and who brought them from. Denm.at ‘Lhe Law Courts In July, The trial terms of our law courts have adjourned for the usual summer vacation, but the various chambers: end special terms of each court will be held as usal by one Judge. This day being the Vourth of July will be ob- rerved as @ holiday throughout all the law departments of the Clty Hall, ‘ihe Supreme Court Circuits have both adjourned with- out cate. No further trials will be heard ia these brarches until the first Monday in September; the special term for trials and arguments has also adjouraed sine die, and there will be no other special term for trials until the first Moaday in September, The special term for motions only will be held ¢very Saturday ; but no motions will be heard until September, exceptiog such as will mot ad- mit of portponement. Judgo Edwards will attend at chambers during the preent month, and Judge Edmonds @uring the month ef Avgust. The hours of basiness a* chombers during those months will be from 9 to 11 A. M. ‘The trial terms of the Superior Coart have adjourned to October, when the cslendar of canses for icial will be eon- tinued as the calendar of Nevernber and December terms» ond be taken up at the commencement of those torma, respectively, at the plvce where the court leaves off at the cloge of the term imtnediately preesding. Causes not no- ticed for trial at the Ocvober term, and such as are during that term put off for the term, or called, or passed, may ve neticed for the November or December term, Hereaf- ter all notes of Istue for tho general, special, and trial terms, must be filed with iho clerk eight days before the commencement of ihe first day of the succeeding term. ‘The general term of this court for hearing appeals for non- evuncrated motions will bo hold daring vacation on Ubursday, 28th of July, Se'urday, 27th of August, and Wedresday, 14th of September, ‘The trial term #f tue Court of Common Pleas 15 adjoura- ed to Sepierber, but special term, for trial of issues of law and for motions, will be h-ld at chimbers by Judye Daly during the months of July and August. In accordance with the ususl and established practice, she Grand Jury will be empancelled in the Ooart of Gy- meral Bearions to-morrow. To-day is the regular day fog