The New York Herald Newspaper, January 20, 1853, Page 3

the incoming administration has been promised doz ens of times to dozens of applicants. In fact, the contest, though local in form, has been national in ite character. Ostensibly, it was for the purpose of nominating a candidate for jor, and other State officers; but in fact it has fired on. the ee. which branch of the democracy shall have the ear of the President elect. The first branch is headed by the Hon. William Al- len, of whom you have heard, or might have heard, at any time wie he was in the Senate, within five miles of Washington City; he is Seeeally known = the name of “Bill Allen” here, but some- mes is called ‘‘Earthquake Allen,” and some- times ‘Colonel Allen,” rane who want office and have yet to learn political fall. He is the same renowned Senator who was killed by Crittenden, and who gave up his place as Chairman Liberia their countenance. Asevidence of this, we may here quote with a Propriety @ sentence from the innual message of ‘resident to C » where he says: “Incipient measures have been towards the reconnaisance of the continent of eastward of Liberia.” We have long desired Se very work sheald be undectakoa. _] Itis a mene it importance pe el ment of Liberia. All the interests commerce and civili- zation are intimately associated with it. For centuries the interior of Africa has been an unknown region, shut out and secluded from the rest of the world. Commerce, which has — everywhere with a bold, adventurous step, has faltered and fallen back here. Enterprizing explorers, who have dared so much, and netrated #0 far everywhere else, have gone but an ‘h inside the very shell of Africa. The interior has never been penetrated in any manner calculated to throw open its treasures, or reveal its wonders to of the Committee on Foreign Relations. I suppose Fy know by this time whom I mean. Well, he ds one branch of the democratic party of Ohio, and around him gathered all the “old fogies” who want office under Pierce's administration, such a4 Sawyer, sometimes known as “Sausage Sawyer,” Wilson Shannon, who, you know, went once to'Cali- fornia, and others of a similar cast, whom the people had mostly forgot, until they now creep out from their dens, in which- they have laid in a torpid state for some years, hoping that President Pierce will smile upon them, and warm them into existence. ‘These all rallied round Medill as their candidate for ‘Governor. The other branch are the living, breathing, soul- stirring, “go-ahead” youn) democrats of Ohio. ‘These are headed by Hon. G. W. Monypenny, who was their candidate for Governor. He is an acting, working, honest man, fit for any place in the government where honesty, intelligence and labor are needed. ‘He has the heart of the masses—they all but worship him. These men came in contact at the State Conven- tion last year, when delegates were appointed to the National Convention. Probably you never heard of it in New York, but here, in Ohio, it was known that Allen was a candidate for President, be- cause he told us so himself. Well, at this convention, Monypenny carried off the laurels, Allen had no votes tor President. After this he was «‘deader” than ever; but, as I am saying, he came forth again from the cavern, with other “ old fogies,” to warm himself in the light of Pierce’s countenance, ar rallying the candidates for Marshall, Collector- ships, Post Offices, &c., he collected a formidable band against the hard-fisted yeomanry, to whom he the gaze of the word. Hence it is that we look with admiration upon this movement of our government. Colonization aplanned @ footatep on fhe western coast, and 0} 4 gateway through which the vast recesses of the interior may be reached and revealed. And our government is the very agency to do this work; and Com. Lynch, to whom the ‘details have been entrusted, and who is now doubtless in Liberia, is the very man to carry it forward. And our warm- est thanks are due the present accomplished Secretary of the Navy, through whose immediate agency Ul ese preliminary arrangements have been made, ‘The various auxiliary societies have been much prospered the past year. The agents employed in collecting funds have been active and successful. They have done honor to themselves and greatly promoted the cause. , Some special measures have been taken to en- lighten the colored people. We highly commend the action of a large number of citizens of Mason county, ky. who organized themselves into a com- mittee to lay before the free colored people their true interest. If such measures were adopted and faith- fully carried out Clery where, it would produce the most happy results. ‘Surrounded as they are in pany places by counsellors hostile to Liberia, and agitate by the rough and bert waves of adversity, they see not the star of hope that gleams out on the shores of Africa—they syprersts not the destiny of honor, the career of broad and lasting usefulness, which is there, in that far-off land, opened before them. Here, then, is a work, too long neglected,in which all the friends of humanity may bear a hand. We must go to them in the true spirit of benevolence, and not give over until they arouse themselves, Tat nen ote conv the utmost assurance, declaring, use his own strong and nervous language, “ I know General Pierce, Sir, I know every fibre of his heart; my promises will be fulfilled.” “The contest was very doubtful for several days. At length Gov. bh (whose term of holding office will soon ex- # ire in Ohio, and stay expired, and whose eyes are herefore turned Washington-ward, feeling sure of success, whatever may be the character of Pierce's administration, having been on one side of the Fugi- tive bill in his inaugural, and on the other side in his Hem waar say, at length he threw his influence ‘in with the other old fogies, and they succeeded b: a majority of two votes in nominating Medill, ai- though all the other candidates nominated were Monypenny’s friends, and the men of his choice. You should have seen the tall Senator then make his strides for the telegraph office, and, on “lightning’s wings” went the news to Wash- ington and Concord of his victory. But, alas! the joy was too great to long endure. The eommittee on resolutions reported; the Baltimore peta was peer the “ Ee .”” The object of is was quickly apprehended by Col. Monypenny and his friends." The principles of the national de- mocracy were to be sacrificed, to render sure the suc- ess of the Allen ticket, by conciliating the free soilers. This was not to be endured. The President of the Convention, a warm friend of Col. Monypenny, and of the principles of the Baltimore platiorm, ‘which had carried Pierce so successfully through the cam- polgn, and others who felt Hke maintaining the na- lonality of the party, had a resolution introduced endorsing that platform. The resolution was drawn Pp. ieee rosea by eee Chairman of the ‘ingum delegation—Monypenny’s own county. Such a fluttering you ere mani adopted, the vision of defeat, through anti-slavery influence, rose before Allen and his partyin great terror; if not Saeed the fear of lost’ influence at Washington made their knees quake and tremble. So, like men who lack nerve and principle, ey w@ruck for a middle course, and laid the - more ipeesaeen upon the table; and there it lies, bleeding beneath the stabs of these men, who are promising offices in the name of Pierce, and upon the ground that they ‘‘know every fibre of | -his heart; and in the place of this platform they in- | serted the celebrated Ohio anti-slavery resolutions, which at all points are at war with the Baltimore re- solutions. It is yet to be seen whether this course will receive the approbation of the powers that are woon to be. A remarkable coincidence in this case -exists in the fact, that the vote by which the Balti- amore platform,was laid upon the table varies cay two in number from that by which Medill was nomi- nated. Tn all this struggle Colonel Monypenny bore shimself manfully. He made no bargains, signed no petitions to Pierce for office, made no promises. He stood firmly on moral principles and the principles of the party. A combination of “old fogies,” seeking office from the national government, and promising office with a liberal hand, defeated the radical demo- ¢cracy by a small majority. It will soon be seen whether those who promise “chickens before they are hatched,” and for the sake of success here lay the principles of the national democracy dead upon the table, will have equal success in Washington. Ominous. American Colonization Society. ABSTRACT FROM THE ANNUAL REPORT. Since our last anniversary, the Hon. Henry Clay, President, and the Hon. Daniel Webster, one of the old- est Vice-Presidents of this society, have departed this life. It is not for us to add anything to the tribute of respect which the country and the world have paid ‘to their memory. Matthew St. Clair Clarke, Esq., for many years a | member of the executive committee of the society, closed ‘is earthly labors the sixth of May, greatly beloved and deeply lamented by us, and by a wide circle of friends. A general review of our operations the past year is calculated to produce the conviction that the so- -eicty is growing in usefulness with every passing ear. : Six vessels with emigrants have been sent to Li- beria, viz. : two from New Orleans, with 182; two from Norfolk, with 297; one from New York, with | 37, and onefrom Wilmington, N. C., with 148. Ina vessel from Baltimore, sent by the Maryland Colo- nization Society, we sent two emigrants, making in all 666; of whom 403 were born free; 225 were eman- cipated, and 38 purchased themselves, or were pur- chased by their friends. ‘The whole number sent by this society to Liberia from its Ua preg ten to the present time is 7,457, and the whole amount expended upon it by this society is $1,065,807 44, which no one will venture to call an extravagant pore to pay for what has been actually accomplished. A few thousand people have been taken from their deep depression here, wafted across the ocean, planted on the margin of an immense continent, or- ganized into a well-ordered and free republic, whose independence has been acknowledged by several of the leading nations of the earth. They have farms and houses, commerce and agriculture, schools and churches, the arts of civilized life, and the institu- tions of religion, all in full existence. Thus established, Liberia’s course has been onward; advancement has been made, the past year, in all that is valuable in civil and social life, and all that tends to benefit the nations. In proof of this is adduced the testimony of President Roberts, and of vother citizens of Liberia; of Captain Foote, United States ay lately returned from that coast; of Rev. Eli Ball, who was sent out to explore by the board ‘of the Southern Baptist Convention. Renewed evidences of the increasing friendship of both England and France have been shown during ‘the year, in the most substantial manner. While Liberia is thus rising in importance, and receiving the favorable consideration of governments abroad, it is sratifying to find that she is gaining friends in the land that gave her birth, f The great im) ince of colonization is forcing it- self upon the State Mg orgiteg With liar plea- sare we record the fact that New Jersey, Penn- sylvania, and Indiana, among the free States, have wade appropriations to aid in colonizing their own ‘free colored people; that Maryland has renewed her ‘appropriation of $10,000 a , for six years; that Strong hopes are entertained that the Legislature of Virgus®. at the present session, will remove the re- strictions 1:07 her large appropriation, 80 as to make it available to mest the expenses of all who emigrate from that State; thay the Legislatare of Louisiana have adopted a joint resolution instructing their sena- tors, and requesting their representatives, to urge the general government to make an Oy byt datas of money to aid the Society; that the Legislature of Ohio have before them a similar resolution, in favor of Stanly’s bill, and the acknowledgment of the inde- pendence of Liberia; that the Legislature of Conncc- tient have adopted a strong report and resolutions in fovor of colonization; that the Legislature of New York are strongly urged to make a Hberal ey - ton; that a State Colonization Society has formed by leading men in Alabama; that in G the wish is constantly expressed that the Le would make an appropriation; that in Tenn very numerous petitions have been hg the same thiig of the Legiature; and that we hav to show that, throughout the whole country pill" is one of the most popular measures which has | ever been before Congress, and its passag would he j bailed everywhere, and by all classe the dis- duty, itial to neion of our commerce, eof high and sa ational welfare, the ex and be men. The seed we thus sow may lie long.in the earth, but it shall ultimately spring up and yield a plentiful harvest. TELEGRAPHIC, ELECTION OF PRESIDENT AND VICE PRESIDENTS. Wasminoroy, Jan. 19, 1853. The American Colonization Society held an adjourned meeting this morning, and elected Mr. Latrobe, of Balti- more, their President. He was many years President of the Maryland Colonization Society. ‘The meeting also elected Vice Prosidents, and passed several resolutions. Our Norfolk Correspondence, Norroux, Jan. 17, 1853. Arrival of the Vice President Elect—Steamer Princ- ton—The Massacre of American Seamen at Madagascar. The U. 8. steamer Fulton arrived here last even- ing, from Washington, with the Vice President elect on board, bound for the West Indies. She leaves here to-morrow morning. The health of Mr. King has improved considerably since leaving the national capital. There was considerable sea in the Chesa- peake, which caused the vessel to rock tremendously, which, contrary to the expectation of his friends on board, was pronounced by the invalid to be pleasant and agreeable. She is under the command of Lieut. , Murray, assisted by Acting Master Phelps, Passed Midshipman West, Acting Chief ineer T. Kil- patrick, Second Asssistant Engineer J. H. Warner, and Third Assistant Engineer Wm. Shorey. ‘The U. 8. steamer Princeton, which will be ready for sea about the first of next month, has been or- dered to touch at the island of Madagascar, on her way to Japan, and inquire into the recent outrage and murder committed upon the officers and crew of the Queen of the West. at that place. Last night was the coldest of the season. The therm« er ranged as low as 20 degrees. Theatrieal and Musteal. Bow) ¥ TH &.—This old established Thespian temple \s as well patronised as ever, and the pieces selected give the utmost delight and satisfaction. Stevens is an excellent stage manager. His untiring endeavors to please the numerous patrons of the Bowery, in his management behind the scenes, as well as his correct conception of the characters he assumes, have gained for him the esteem of the dramatic public. The dramas entitled “Mazeppa,” and “Corsican Brothers,” are announced for this | evening, in which Mr. Bady, Mr. Derr, Mr. Johnston, Mr. Stevens, and Mrs, H. P. Grattan, will sustain the leading characters. Broapway THEATRE.—Madame Marietta Alboni is to personate the character of Amina, in Bellini’s beautiful opera, entitled ‘La Sonnambula,” to night. The very great success which this eminent and rarely gifted artiste achieved, in the rendering of the part of Amina, assures us that the metropolitan theawe will be crowded to overflowing this evening. The French ballet company are also to appear in the comic pantomime of “Les Rendezvous.” Burton's TuxaTre.—Mr. Heilge, the scenic artist at this popular theatre, is to take his benefit this evening. ‘The pieces selected are, “Nicholas Nickle- by,” in which Burton, Thompson, Johnston, Fisher, and Miss Weston, will appear, and the domestic pla entitled the “Breach of Promise,” with Burton in his favorite part of Ebenezer Sudden. This announce- ment, independent of the claims of the beneficiary as an artist, should fill the house in every available | department. Natronat THEATRE.—Mr. J. R. Scott, whose per- formances have what Ae the most decided sa- tisfaction wherever he appeared, is to sustain the arduous character of Richard the Third, in Shakspeare’s tragedy of that name, this evening. Messrs. Cony and E.F. Taylor, with Master Cony, are likewise to appsar in the drama of the ‘Forest of Bondy.” We perceive that Purdy is about to roduce another new drama from the pen of N. B. Jlarke, entitled “O'Neal the Great, or the Hag’s War.” It is in active preparation, and will be placed upon the stage in a style of great splendor. Waxack’s THeatre.—The comedietta entitled the “Day After the bibs and the comedy of the “Heir at Law,” are the pieces announced for the amusement of the public to-night at Wallack’s. The receipts of the evening are for the benefit of Mits Laura Keene; it is unnecessary for us to enter into detail about her merits. The public are too well aware of her correct acting and lady-like deport- ment, to let this occasion pass away unnoticed. Ware's THeatRE or Vanteries. ~ The pieces se- lected for this evening, are the ‘Illustrious Stran- ger,” the “Jacobite,” “Who Speaks First,” and “Did you ever send your Wife to Brooklyn?” all of which are cast to the full strength of the company. This theatre is foing. on prosperously under the management of Mr. Pilgrim, the successfal author of “Kenneth,” the “Limeriek Boy,” and “Eva, the Trish Princess.” American Museum.—General Tom Thumb con- tinues to attract very large assemblages to the lecture room of this vast establishment. He is announced again for this afternoon and evening. The dramatic performance comprises the farce of ‘‘ Family Jars,” and the musical extravaganza of “ Hop o’ my Thumb,” in which the General will appear. Circvs.—A change of entertainment is announced at the amphitheatre to-night, and the programme Fe will be found unusually attractive. Mr ‘athans and his talented pupils will appear in their elegant act of classic uring, together with numerous acts of horsemanship. Curisty’s OrenA Hovse.—The programme pro- vided by Christy’s Minstrels, for this evening, com- prises several of their best features. Go early, if you want to secure comfortable seats. Woon's Minsrreis.—This popular band of min- strels annonnce a repetition of last night's pro- grammme, which includes the successful new song entitled, “Fare Thee Well, Kitty Dear.” Ristry’s THames—This panorama, which has been on exhibition for some weeks past at 406 Broad- way, is pene from original sketches made on the river, and is one of the most truthful as well as ar- tistic productions ever presented to the public. We heartily recommend it as a beautiful specimen of painting. The ig geht illustrations are given by J. H. Hammersley, M. D., of London. Those who delight in the beauties of art should by all means go and see it. Rosert Henter continues to give his soirées of diablerie at 539 Broadway. The programme which le advertises for this evening embodies the inex- haustible bottle, the orange tree, second sight, and the disappearance of the Bloomer. Baxvarp's Panorama or THe Hoy Laxp— This splendid painting presents to the public all the important cities, mountains, lakes and rivers men- tioned in the Bible, and illustrates the manners and customs of the modern inhabitants, composed of Christians, Mohammedans and Jews. The sketches were taken by Mr. Banvard personally, on the spot, who must have incurred an immense outlay. Every one should see it. Miss Julia Pelby is playing at the National Thea- tre, Boston, 7 Mrs. C. N. Sinclair, in consequence of a severe in- disposition, was unable to appear at the Howard Athencom, Boston, ou the evening of the 17th inst. ‘The Bateman children are playing in Charleston, 8.C. Ole Bull, it is said, cleared $25,090 by his late musical tour in the West. He gaye a coucert in Richmond, Va oa the 17th inst ‘The Retndece Trial of Farnham for — UNITED STATES CLROUIT COURT. Before Hon. J Betts. EVIDENCE FOR THE DEFENCE. George Hawes, examined by Mr. Smith, deposed— 1am an engineer on the Ni river; run boats be- tween New York and Albany since 1820; we used wood when we first began to run; coal was next used; 1 believe in 1839 the passenger boats first used coal, the North America, second; coal is much better than wood, much more economical and manage- able; we can govern our steam better with coal; steam was governed in the boats that used coal by opening doors; pressure becomes less by leav- ing m; can’t regulate so well with wood; when the column of mercury rises we can fart diminish steam by opening the safety valve; I havestopped first class boats in three minutes, under full head of steam, without using the valve; I laid fourteen hours in a fog within ten pounds of my ordinary full head without using the valve; I discovered that Icould diminish the steam without rais- ing the valve in the first e down; the first trip was made by the North America without stopping; we were racing with the Albany; in passing the Albany she broke her shaft; we rounded to, took her pas sengers and baggage, and laid by her three-quarters of an hour, without opening the safety valve; I have run boats three months without opening the safety valve, at the place of destination, or any where else; the furnace doors act as safety valves periectly ‘ opening furnace doors and stopping blower; this mode advantages in Saving steam, } and does not make any noise; by letting cold pasa | through the fiues and stopping communication of steam ; when the water becomes level in the boiler, we open the cocks. I have never had water to fall below the lowest cocks, to open doors and stop com- munication with boilers, and open cocks, to find how fanch Pgs was in, ane ore STP shut ue air pass throu; e fuel; in maaking @ landing steam hoor thy falls so much that we have to shut the doors, [Diagram pro- duced.) The wenkest int was under the steam chimney, a large flat surface to be su m1 by brace bolts; it comes in contact genoraily with the fires, which is the reason why it is weaker; the plates are sometimes defective, and sometimes there are two or three angles on one sheet. CRepre- sentation of the fiuehead produced.) I have fre- quently ended the passage with forty pounds of am, and when we came to pump cold water into tho boiler have discovered a leak, which I was Ont Se right off ; one gauge cock of wa- ter in a boiler is just as good as twenty ; first cock is two or, inches above the top of the highest flue; next is some four inches high ; if the water comes out of the first place it is perfectly safe; captains’ and engineers’ duty differ much; 1 have ; been a great many months without seeing the cap- tain on the passage; engineer is responsible for the workings of the steam engine. Crossexamined by the District Attorney—The names of the boats I allude to are the North Ameri- ca for one, South America, Henry Patterson, Isaac | Newton, tho steamboat Frank, the Commerce, I have | known to be worked without the safety valve bei used; within the last two years I have been engage in the steamboat Frank; the North America com- menced running in 1839, and is running yet; ti South America commenced in 1840; the Henry Pat- terson and Isaac Newton are running yet; the Frank is laid up; they are all passenger boats except the F rank; ey make sometimes fourteen landings with- out raising their safety valves; I have seen the boiler of the steamboat 8 jure indicating the appearance I have described. To Mr. Smidt—Very few steamboats get steam as fast as they want it. By a Juror—Would it not be an additional security if you Spend the safety valve ? A.—The security would not be wanted if you were below your pressure. The Judge—The juror wishes to know would there not be less danger if the safety valve was opened. Witnese—Certainly’ there would be less pressure. A Juror—If the doors had been open in the case of the Reindeer, and the safety valve raised, would there have been additional security ? Witness—I have known a flue to he broken with- out any preséure at all. To Mr. Boyes my steam gauge denoted more than thirty, 1 would inquire why it did not go off; it is for the engineer to look at the steam gauge, and ifhe notes more than thirty-five, it is his duty to see why it did not go off; I never saw the consisten- cy of having less steam when lying still than while pe William A. Lightall—Iam an engineer and an in- yentor of the half beam engine; my engine is in the Kamtschatka, and some fourteen or filteen others; wood was used as a fuel on the North river when 1 commenced as an engineer; anthracite coal is now used} we could not well control the damper; we didn’t blow off except at the end of the voy- age, because it was very annoying, aud | it was better not to blow off, so as to find where the water was; I ran six months on the Hudson river | and never blew off; if I attended to my business I | never “‘blowed” off; if 1 was careless‘ only, then I | “blowed” off; I_ kept the doors open, and it would | Tun down from five to ten pounds, and as soon as [ | got the fires ready, and was about to start, I had about the same pressure; the stoppages averaged | about five minutes ; it gives the engineer about | & fair time to examine the water and see | that everything is right; we fill the boilers with Croton water here, and when we get up to the Highlands we use other water ; it is not very salt; | for every ton of coal that is consumed there would be | from seven to eight tons of water used. To the Judge—We would not use all the fresh water here before we get up to the salt water. To Mr. Smidt— The inside of the fine is black; if a boat had one cock of solid water | there would be no danger in running the boat ;_I was acquainted with the Reindcer. Q.—If the third cock from the bottom indicated water, how long would she run withont danger? A.— | She would run three or four miles without danger; | Tam Seqtasnted with the Hudson river; if the Rein- deer had three cocks of water she would not be defi- cient in going from Red Hook to Bristol. [Witness | explained the weakest part of the boiler upon a | diagram.] If there had been a leak it would have shown itself immediately; you would see it by look- | ing in the man-hole; it would be indicated, also, by a noise; it could leave a mark on the plate itself so that it would be seen afterwards; the continual work of a boiler, like the old saying of the continual drop- ping of water, “will wear it out;” the duty of an engineer is to take care of his boilers and his men; the captain has not any control over the engineer, ex- cept that he can say that the boat must be stopped, or if he says go ahead, he must go ahead. te Judge—How is it he tells him to use so much A.—He need not do it unless he likes; the captain would have an undoubted right to discharge him if he did not do his duty ; while landing passengers it is not possible for the captain to know how much steam used ; Ihave known Capt. Farnham y wards of twenty years; his character is good for prudence, skill and ability. To Mr. Hall—If I attended to my business, I would open the doors Sbout a mile, or a mile and a half, be- fore stopping ; we shut them, if the steam is up, when we get under way: John Murphy, examined by Mr. Smidt, deposed— Tama boiler-naker inthe Morgan Iron Works; I am foreman there; those are the Works in which the Reindeer's boilers were made. [Plan produced.] This is a correct plan of the construction of the Reindeer’s boilers. [Witness here explains the construction of the boilers ide a diagram.) There was a row of braces made fast to the top of the boiler. There were eight or ten of them; the plates are liable to become injured by heating them; they are turned hot; that branch of the business is done by the “ flange” turner ; it is not so easy to detect an_ inju when the plate is put in the boiler; I thin! I made a gencral observation of the boiler; [ did not see any particular defect in it in that connection; I saw a crack in it afterwards; Captain Farnham called my attention to it; we cut it out at the re- uest of Captain Farnham; when I became foreman the boiler was a little more than half done; there was another foreman su; tended when that defect was put in; I am a boiler-maker about twelve years; it is necessary to use great caution in turning these flanges; the boilers were made of Pennsylvania iron, which has the reputation of being the best; the iron in these boilers was No. 2, « large quarter inch; that is con- sidered as heavy as is generally put in, heavier than any I have seen put in; my attention was called to the part of this boiler that gave out; it spp weakened and corroded to eight or ten inches in dif- ferent parts, almost over bial flue; this was while the boat was at Malden & istol); it was corroded about the eighth of an inch; it was shelly, and the shells seemed as if they were pulled apart; the plate did not seem to be solid; it appeared to be made up of layers. Wie again explained by the diagram.) the iron is hammered and put through a roller; com- mon rolled iron is not hammered; there are different ban my I do not know how the ball of iron is put together. 'o the Judge—I have seen as many as three or four thicknesses of iron in a sheet. To Mr. Smidt—The sheets in the broken plate of the Reindeer’s boiler did not appear to be properly welded; the imperfect welding was scen through the whole sheet exactly where it burst; the continual use of a defective plate would make it get weaker all the time; its appearance denoted having been some time in that condition; the main cause of the break was the expansion and contraction of the flues on this weak point; the dimension of the upper tun connection was something about twenty-six inches aeross the top, and three feet deep; it is like the lid of a chest driven in; that's the way it broke; ® man could not casily detect the i rfee- | tion unless it showed a leak; if it had lea | would show some salt or sediment; 1 | second or third day after the acciden | the coroner's inquest, at Bristol, as a wi | not see any evidence on the plate | a leak; the appearance of the tops o the other fines of | were black; they were not very | very rough; I could tell if they bid been run with co 8 deficiency of water; these flues had ne indication of that kind; the condition of the boiler, with the ex- ception of this weakened and broken part, appeared To the Judge—If there was a heavy head of steam it would be shown by leaking a little more; that's the indication; the icity of boiler was from sixt: to seventy ‘des t's the Cc ity; leap tome re if there was ed defect in the boiler, ty-five a safe pressure me that 1 saw the certificate of the In- Boilers. Mr. Noyes said that it was forty-five pounds, but it was destroyed, Mr. Hall'admitted that the certificate stated that the boilers were good, provided they were not put under @ greater pressure than forty-five pounds. Witness—I have known Capt. Farnham for three or four years; his general reputation for skill and prudence is good. Cross-examined by the District Attorney—{Wit- ness explained the size of the rent made.] “The cor- rosion did not appear as if it had been heated with- out water; heating and cooling repeatedly without water has the effect of making it easily torn; the ex- pose tore the braces (nine or ten) at the top of the er. James M. Hook—I am engineer on board the Hen- rick Hudson ; I am an engineer since 1833 ; I have been in different employs ; when I commenced wood was used; coal is now used since 1839 or 1840; the first boat that commenced using coal was the North America; it was leas expensive and safer; it is easier controlled; we control it now by opening the furnace doors while landing, and occasionally the flue doors; it depends upon how much steam we have when we open the doors; sometimes we open them a mile or a mile and a half before landing; the effect of landing runs the steam down some five or ten pounds to the inch; the duty of the engineer while landing is to the water and see that the engine is stopped; the delay at landing is from three to five minutes; if the safety valve was raised during that time, it would raise the water one cock, about four inches above its ordinary level; it is sometimes done for the purpose of raising the water when there is a deficiency; when running the water is not so solid as when standing still; while the engine is working we can't tell ex- actly where the water is, but we can tell if we have got none; in a steamer with two boilers the same pressure would be on both; the boilers in the Reindeer were connected; if did not generate any steam the same pressure would be on beth; there would be no danger with one cock of water over the flues; such a boat as the Reindeer would run ten miles with four inches of water with- out danger; we fill the boilers here with Croton; in running, we would get water a little brackish, not salt; after we draw the water off the appearance of the top of the flues would be dark, a greasy appear- ance; the boiler will alwaysshow if it has been used without water, if it gets red hot; it will always show if it has been exposed; I went into the boiler of the Reindeer after the explosion at Malden; I was at the coroner's inquest; the accident occurred on Satur- day; I was in the boiler on Monday and Tuesday; its appearance indicated that there was plenty of water; he defective plate looked shelly; it was split in three thicknesses; ERISA EDL ornately ‘through the shect; 1 examined the broken part; the Spas of it showed that it was gone—corroded the sixteenth of an inch, probenly caused by the bending of the flange, into which the water had got; the first three flues were the worst; a break of that kind could not be detected unless it showed a leak; 1 should think that boiler, if not defective, would be perfectly safe at fifty pounds; probably the boiler would” bear twenty-five or thirty pounds in the condition it was before the accident; the cause of the explosign, in my opinion, was the defect in the iron; I have known Capt. Farnham fifteen years; I always considered him among the first for care, skill, and caution. xamined by the District Attorney—The defect was about the sixteenth of an inch on the turning of the flange? To the Judge—Capt. Farnham superintended the construction of the boilers of the Reindeer. Gilbert C. Lasher examined Mr. Smidt—I am an engineer on the Hudson river for seventeen years; coal was eee on the North river boats, I think, in 1840; the North America first used it; I regulate my steam by opening the furnace doors; in that way I can control it effectually; we likewise have a door in the upper connection, called the fiue door; this condenses the steam; opening the furnace doors can keep the blowers running at the same time, but we would have to reduce the speeds the pressure of the steam decreases on opening the doors; the ex- tent of decrease is owing to the fire; it decreases from five so ten inches; that is five or ten pounds to the square inch; the landings would take from three to five minutes; the landing at Bristol would take three minutes; the duty of the engi- neer at landing is to try his gauge and water, to see how it is, and try the cocks; some boilers require three cocks of water; if there was one cock of water above the fines it would be perfectly safe; when the water is not clear it foams up while in that condition we cannot find the level of the water withont stopping the engine and opening the doors; while stopping the eugine we could not ascertain the state of the water; it would be danger- ous for an engineer to run a vessel without ascer- taining the state of the water; when we arrive at our destination we let off the steam; if the safety valve had some substance around it the blowing off’ steam would blow it away; the general custom on the North river is opening the doors; that is the prac- tice since I followed steamboating; suppose there was one cock of water, there would be no danger in run- ning the boat;the Reindeer would run with safety with one cock of water, if running with the tide ‘about eight miles; against the tide she would run five miles; if she had two cocks of water at Red Hook, she could not get deficient of water between that and Bristol; I saw the Reindeer after the accident; I was a witness before the coroner; I went into the boiler; it did not denote any deficiency of water; if there had been a deficiency of water I think I could have detected it. [Witness described the broken part of the plate.) It was Ka eget of leaves, the inside not welded together, and the outside looking solid; the defective pect was about nine feet one ways and twenty inches the other. [Witness explained by the diagrams.] There was only one sixteenth of an inch rolid iron, the rest was scales; the shect that gave away was the perpendicular one where it bent over to receive the upper one; the occasion of the defect eppnered to be the iron not having been properly welded; it was a recent one; it was rusted, and had a scale on it; the effect of using a sheet of that kind continually must make it give way; the cause of the giving way was im- perfect iron; the duty of the engineer is to con- trol the engine; in the control of the engine he is independent of the captain; the captain’s duty at landing is to look to the ngers; he has no signal to the engineer while landing; the engineer has the whole control of the engine; I have known Capt. Farnham for ten years; his reputation for skill, care and prudence is very good. This witness was not cross-examined, 2 Samuel C. Wise was called, but the Judge said it was hardly necessary, if his testimony was cumula- tive, toexamine him. They might examine him as to any new points. Witness then said—He is an en- ineer; I saw the boiler about two months ago, at Tenth street dock, afterit was taken out of the water; it had a ragged appearance, and was not properly welded; from the inside it had the appearance of different layers of iron not properly welded; I could not say the part that gave out first; cach layer was about the sixteenth of an inch thich; from my ex- amination of that boiler I think the cause of the accident was defective iron; if she had gone to Al- bany that day, she probably would haye given out next.day with twenty pounds pressure. Judson Moray deposed—I am a pilot on the North river; I was a passenger on board the Reindeer on the 4th of September last; I got on at New York; the water was then rising; we had flood tide from Kings- ton, and slack water from Poughkeepsie; there was no hurry that day on the passage or at making landings; there was no other boat going up; the conduct of the officers was such as it should be on board of a boat; I made it the subject of re- mark; I remarked to Captain Farnham that it was very pleasant steamboating from what we used to have, as there were no small boats running up the river; I have seen the Reindeer make twenty-three revolutions full; on that day she did not make at any time twenty-one revolutions; she made sometimes a little less than twenty, and_ sometimes a little over; at the time of the accident I wason the guard after fangway, perhaps ten feet from it; there was no aste at landing; I saw the captain there; the second pilot was on the hurricane deck; I heard the gauge cocks tried at the landing at Bristol dock ; am familiar with the sounding; I can tell whether they give steam or water; the sound of one of these gauges indicated steam and and water, and the other two indicated solid water; this was almost immediately before the accident; the time could hardly be measured; the engine was still about a minute before I heard the gauges; in landing at Bristol, the time occupied would be according to the number of passengers, sometimes very little; I have been requested, by an engineer, to lay still ut the dock until he gave me notice to go; I have found it necessary in my practice, in a fog, not to blow off steam so as to let me get the echo from shore; I have known a boat to lay still three or four hours in a fog. Cross-examined District Attorney—The Rein- deer did not blow off her steam at Bristol. To the Judge-—The occasion on which I saw the Reindeer make twenty-three revolutions she was competing with another vessel; that was nearly a month before this accident; the Reindecr had com- petitors to rm against almost all the season, Sylvester Mull, examined hy Mr. Simidt, deposed That he was second pilot of the Reindeer: | her the day of the accident, in September la speed was moderate on that day; she didn. her usual time; she was ; ime vi Making the g the plank ready fe that by cor the exipta just nicely stopped; the engine remained atill about two minutes | there was a little breeze from the North; the sound the gauges gave was from one steam and water and the other solid water. Tames Ten Eyck deposea-“1 was areman on board james Ten Eyck de |-—1 was an on indeer, oh the 4th September last; I was on the first watch out of New York; it ended at West Point ; I attended the forward boiler; the engineer, Mr. Howlett, came to me and took a piece of chalk and made a mark, saying “don't carry over thirt) pounds, for we are in no hurry ; he made the mar! on the steam gauge; we carried a little over, and it might have been a little under Siete penned it might have been three inches over ; 1 id not pay any attention to the steam gauge after I left duty ; our usual time for arriving at Bristol was about twelve o'clock; we arrived that day, they said, abont one o'clock; she did not go as fast as usual that day ; coming alongside Bristol, I was turn- ing in, to my room; I looked into the engine room and saw Mr. Howlett, the engineer, trying the gauge- cocks; he was trying water on the after engine ; I could tell from the sound of the gauge-cocks that there was certainly water enough ; | did not see any one there with Howlett; the captain had no clerk’; Thad my boots off and was just getting into bed when the Sopa took place; I went into the boiler after that; the broken boiler looked just as good as the other; the tops of the flues looked black, as they usually did; the broken part looked very shelly ; it was split up like two or three pieces of noes it was rusted ; the first gauge-cock was three Inches above the surface of the flue ; the others were further apart ; Mr. Howlett employed me on board the boat ; the man that tends water puts the feed on; Tshould think the Reindeer would run six or seven miles on one cock of water without danger. ohn Forrester, deposed—I was fireman on board the Reindeer on the 4th Sept. last; my watch com- menced at Poughkeepsie and would end at Albany; J attended the after boiler, the one to which the ac- cident occurred; I was at dinner at the time it happened; the boat was between Red Hook and Bristol when ] went to dinner; the water was tried before I went to dinner; it was tried right oyer my head; the sound indicated solid water from two of the cocks; this was about fifteen or eighteen minutes before the accident; the distance from Red Hook to Bristol is about four miles; I looked to the gauge of the forward boiler before I went at dinner; it denoted a pressure of thirty-two pounds, she carried from twenty-eight ‘ to thirty-two panna from Poughkeepsie to Red Hook; ‘after inner I came up to the fireman's room, righ abreast of the engine room; I stapped at the engine room and spoke to Mr. Howlett; he had a hammer in is hand, and rapped the steam gauge to see if i worked free; it stood then at about thirty-two; lwen into the boilers that evening; after the furnace doors are latched there is another fastening which pre- yents it opening unless it was broken; if the doors had not been open when the accident occurred, the inner latch would have been broken off; the appear- ance of the boiler was good; the broken part was Tagged and rusty. The witness was not cross-examined. Mr. Ten Eyck was re-called, and gave a similar description of the latch of the furnace doors. William Brown, fireman on board the Reindeer, ‘ave testimony similar to that of the other firemen; eard the signal from the engine-room to open the doors; that was three or four minutes before we got to the dock; 1 should think that boat would run a mile in four minutes very easily. To Mr. Hall—It is about tour miles from Red Hook to Bristol; we were between Red Hook and Bristol when I heard the signals given; we were nearer to the west shore than the east at the time. To Mr. Smidt—It is the duty of the firemen to co the door—the two firemen that were on duty at the time are dead; I don’t know how many peo- ple belonging to the boat were killed. Washington Hawes, engineer of the steamboat New World, deposed—That he is engineer seven years, and has been around a steam engine thirteen years; I have known Captain Farnham for twelve years; he stands as high as any man I know for skill, care, and aa it is not customary to blow off steam on the North river while making land- ings; we generally open the doors, in order that we may start with the same power of steam, and to keep the steam from generating; it is important to know where the water is; if we started without suf- ficient water we might burst the boilers; while land- ing is the oe time we have to ascertain; it relieves the ure by the steam being blown off the boiler; think such a steamboat as the Reindeer would in- variably make the Bristol landing in three minutes; within a month I have laid still ten hours in a fog, with fire and steam up, ready to start; such a boat as the Reindeer would run eight miles with one cock of water. To the District Attorney—The boiler makers braced these boilers the least securely in the weakest joint. Hs The evidence for the defence here closed. The District Attorney said he was ready to submit the case, under the charge of the Court. The Judge said it wasa very important matter, and one which has created much public interest, and the law and the facts had better be spoken to by counsel. The District Attorney did not mean to shrink from any portion of his duty, but he made the offer be- cause he had sufficient confidence in the Court. Adjourned till Thursday moruing, when counsel will commence summing up. THE LECTURE SEASON. Miss Bacon’s Historical Lesson. Miss Bacon delivered one of her historical lessons on Tuesday morning, at the Stuyvesant Institute. Her subject was the ‘“ Oriental Empires.” She began by referring them to her last lesson, which was not well attended, owing to the severe state of the weather. That lesson wasone of the most important that she had given. The first empire was comparatively a limited | region—it reached only to the coast of the Mediter- ranean. Recent discoveries which have been made at Nineveh prove not only that Syria did belong to that empire, but Phoenicia itself. But as they traced the growth of the empire they should notice that each successive one takes in a wider space than that which preceded it. The circle of the first empire was limited; it took in the northern kingdom of Jerusa- lem, and sought to take the southern one of Judea: Atthe walls of Jerusalem their progress was stayed— “ Thus far shalt thou go and no farther.” This was in the middle of the latter part of the cighth cen- tury. The first emperor, elated with his success, had not the least idea that. his fortune was owing to the ways of Providence; but, on the contrary, attributed all his glory and suc- cess to his own superiority. His heart dilated with pride when he demanded the surrender of Jerusalem on those grounds. But in Jerusalem there was one who understood the laws of the world and the history and lives of emperors. From that city the law was proclaimed, which all succeeding empires obeyed. Here, she said, they should see the value of attending her arrangement of lessons regularly. Hers was a continuous history, and by leaving out one day's lesson they would not understand the next. By reading the Bible, they would understand it more thoroughly. They should not look upon that book with a superstitious awe, as some people did, but should consider it a history of the past and a pro phecy of the future. That was the book to which they should look for eternal life, and a close perusal of it was necessary to understand it. ‘The Israelites, on thousand years before Christ, were the most power- ful of all nations, At the period when their over throw was nigh, there appeared a new class of writers. In those writings may be found a complete history of the Hebrew nation. She then said that she would give a description of the prophets in groups separately. The dates at those periods could not be distinctly ascertained. ‘The earliest writings of the prophets dated at the commencement of the eighth centu' At this period may be found a vivid history of Joel, and also acomplete state of affairs as they existed in Sama- ria. They would find that when Jernsalem was be- sieged, it was the words of Ixaiah that repelled the invaders from the walls of that city. She had al- ready explained to them the distinction between the Hebrews and the other surrounding nations, and, therefore, would not go into details of that subject. What was that element in the Hebrew light that enabled one to put to flight a thousand, and that enabled two to put to flight ten thoneand who had not that light? should consider the Hebrews a branch of the Semitic race before they could under- stand their history thoroughly. They knew the dis- tinction between right and wrong as no other people did. ‘They arrived at their conclusions from a sub- lime intuition, not by a process of reason. They, with the characteristics of the Semitic race, went out of themselves into the world of luck and space. All historical writers ascribe the movements of the Holy One to them; and it was one of their peculiar oecn- pations to show their people how their movements could be referred to the Holy ¢ They made that greot step from the interior v t which ail, and that the wrong nihileted, and that the They made the jence into history, 1 of convinced them that the 1 me shonid be pdned dd that the God They would fi red the Isr rand were s h rites and ¢ aril ¢ «i that the God of sacrifices that had been made,—that the sacrifices he required watch towers upon upon as Chaldean ty astate of things could not remain long, and, Hime intuition’ declared that, much state’ of athe must end. ‘hase teachers of religion had fa- tercourse with the beings above; let anybody read about them and they would be convinced of that troth. by hye the tone of their argument, and they would be convinced that anything written after that period could not have that ‘tone. T! Large Babyiame hey looked over to which was a city ree da q rodeos tells us that Babylon was oe ems Sd ference, with walls three hundred and fifty feet high. Some of the palaces, traces of which remain to ¢! day, were said to be half a mile in length, In order to understand its history, you must, as the painter says, restore its monuments, The of its walls, three hundred and fifty feet high, twelve miles in circumference, did not deter prophets from their work. They knew that the ee who built that city could not preserve it. “ should perish who had cut off many people.” .“« Woe to them that build a city of blood.” She then went on to say that there are no writings more democratie in their sentiments than those of the prophets at that eriod. They declared that the God of Israel was the iod of the poor and raw They declared that the God of Israel was the God of equal rights. Do those sentiments contained in the Declaration of Inde- pendence declare more freely the value of rights than those declared by the pro, He Hrupbesies are declared by the prophets, which sheald make us fearful of their coming ; they should see at the end a beautiful vision rising ich would ipse all others in beauty. They should not e: the prophets to present the visions of that as it was presented at a later period. Im the eighth century, the northern rs bad been subdued. Nineveh had been ryed by, ry people who came down from the mountains of north, on the east of the Tigris ; of this Kurdish race there was one Nebuchadnezzar—he it was who car- Tied the children of Isruel into captivity, That race was a branch of the Indo-Gesmaate Tace, from which they were all descended. She then alluded te the history of Persia. Cyrus was alike the favorite theme for Greek tradition and Hebrew pro) Cyrus was of their kindred, and the people of nation were the same race as those of the Anglo- Saxon, Anglo-Norman and German. Their lan; and their writings alike proclaim that they are of their kindred. Several words im Persian ‘are pre- nounced, and haye the same meaning, as those im English. Fada for father, mudder for mother, son- na for son, and dauter for daughter. This striking Paes should show them that they were all des- cended from that nation. They had no rel rites, and it is one of their characteristics not to have any idols. They received those luxurious rites, an@ ith it they received the corrupt nature of the Se- mitic race. On the whole, it will be seen that thie great chapter is one of a Semitic character. The Persians appear in history, and constitute a character ; but of their history they have of selves no records whatever. Their whole civilization is so modified that their prevailing characteristic is poetry. They know nothing of Gyrus, Darius, or of Xerxes, and his attempt to subjugate Greece and his great defeat. Their aay DaeTe gift is philoso- phy and abstraction, and their, only thoughts ere those which now occupy the attention of our most. learned theologians. The Mechanies’ Institute. THR HON. ZADOCK PRATT’S LECTURE ON TANNING. The fourth of the course of lectures which are now being delivered at the Mechanics’ Institute, Ohat- ham square, was to have been given on Tuesday even- ing, by the Hon. Zadock Pratt, who had chosen the Art of Tanning as the subject of his discourse. He said :—This beautiful land in which we now dwell, surrounded by everything that embellidhes civilized life, has only been but recently rescued from the dominion of wild beasts and Indians. Com- pared with that time whatis itnow? It is one of the most powerful nations in the world. There ia not a people on the earth, connected with other na- tions by commerce, that does not look up to us with every sentiment of respect. From thinly populated States we have extended our empire from near the pole to the equator. The sun that rises on one oceam defines our empire on the Pacific as it sets. We have now a population of twenty-five millions of peo~ ple, being under glorious institutions, surrounded by wealth, and in a country with which none other cam compare. There are many reasons why we have reached such a glorious point. We owe our prosperi- ty to the God of our fathers, who has smiled on us; but, as far as human means are concerned, we must not forget the gratitude we owe to Wash- ington, and the other founders of our republic. But there is another class to which we are beholders, and that is the mechanics of America. There is ne | real wealth that is not the frait of labor. If mem | were all educated, Jabor would be considered the | highest occupation. There must be great im | labor, for God set his first created man to work. It lis truly a mistake to suppose that labor is a curse, | for without labor men would indeed be cursed. | There is no warm, generous heart, where there is not | a disposition to honor the Creator by services to our fellow-man, leaving the world better than we found it. Labor is oe, arising from the wants of man, and thus we see how machinery is invented, im | order to produce what is wanted wit gee fa- | cility. In England machinery is used to that extent that there is as much done in‘a day than there could. | be done by all the men and women on the Science, then, we sec, has done much. A feeble man, who could not raise a bie weight, can, by pets traverse the Atlantic in ten days. The subject is infinite,and therefore I must narrow | my observations to the one point. I shall therefore direct Beg attention to the art of tanning leather, which is the most sapere ever cultivated. Iam, by experience and choice,a tanner. A very large [eel ie of my fellow-citizens have worn the leather have tanned, and, if I have not made them soles, I have given ees Serene ie and enbtoer enough to give two soles to every one men. I am fond of my areaits becanse it has contributed to the comti of millions of men. I wish, now, to make known to you the re- sult of my experience. I am Vas! aor, historic works have said so little about the subject of tanning. Other arts have apparently occupied their attention. And yet tanning seems, in the earlier ages, to have been considered a very important art, for in the Egyptian monuments are to be seen representations of tanners, and we learn that in Thebes, in particu- lar, the tanners had a certain quarter of the city to themselves, Although little mention is made in the Bible, yet there are incidental passages showing that the Jews and (Lpaiaeagthoty in great per- fection. I am led to believe, from reading, that the mode of tanning practised by the earliest nations waa very much like that pursued by the American In- dians. I hope some of our learned men will make investigations into the subject, so that ever may be known of the art. We know that the Greeks were great tanners, because they employed leather as armor, and Homer has a deal to say about the bucklers and shields of the warriors. the system, the first thing to be consi by the tanner must be a good location, where hemlock or oak abounds, for they are the principal elements of the art. In old ee eb used to be selected, and thus we find that in this city the tanneries were carried on in the southeast part, where the ground was swampy. The Swamp was as im- portant to tanners as Wall street is now to finan- ciers, I shall not make any remarks about oak tanning, for there is very little done in that way, and I have been more fumiliar with the ase of hem- lock. The tanner must locate himself near the trees from whence he gets his bark, and at the same time he must choose land which will afterwarda be worth more than the purchase money. He willl also have to do what I was obliged to do—to ‘ood Nhat La to live near him, and thus lish communities, for every American tanner ought to strive to produce good results to the country round about. Formerly it was thought to live bad water power; but She steam engine has rendered that supererogatory. ve Mm been a pel eye witness to the improvements that have Bit in the art of tanning. Since the days of Washington more improvements have been made than neers bag ih ree Res red loner my ti mm r,who as a reg any then in the country. Oconsionets iy spring whence we got water would fail, and then I had te bring the water under the yoke, so that ee | have passed under the yoke. An old horse helped us | to draw ont the liquor every day, but I inyented a pump for the corner of the vat, which Fences ad- vantages. This.is the first inp ITremember in the art oftanning, and by the aid of three men the liquor was “nso gr oeusce pene bear eed began to germ into a better system, wit ills to soften the hides. In 1894, I visited the dis- ict since called Prattsville, and no one had an idea of what would be done in such a wilderness; but L do not mean to trouble you with any of the partiou- jars of the history of that establishment, but will di- rect your attention to the general subject of tanning. Atter entering into a general description of the pra- cess of tanning, statistics relative to the trade were brought forward, and the lecturer concluded with an exhortation to mechanics in general to gain theoreti- cal knowledge, so that their minds might be eu- larged and science thereby advanced. | After finishing the reading of the MS., Mr. Deta- van moved a vote of thanks to Mr. Pratt, which wae seconded by Mr. Gardiner, who made several compli- mentary allusions to Mr, 0, and carried wanmi- monly, BE } i 2 fi