The New York Herald Newspaper, January 19, 1853, Page 1

WHOLE NO. 7383. MORNING EDITION----WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 19, 1853. DOUBLE SHEET. NEWS BY TELEGRAPH. HIGHLY INTERESTING FROM EVERYWHERE. ADDRESS OF SECRETARY EVERETT BEFORE THE American Colonization Society. BRILLIANT DEFENCE OF THE CAUSE. Graphic History of the Abominable Slave Trade. | Movements of sata Different Exploring | THE STATE TEMPERANCE CONVENTION. TERRIBLE MORTALITY AMONG LIBERIAN EMIGRANTS AT SEA, &e, &K., die. Congressional and Legislative Proceedings. The lengthy reports of the proceedings in Congress, wnd the New York Legislature, will be found on the last two pages. Thhty-Sixth Anniversary of the America: Colonization Society. SPEECH OF SECRETARY EVERETT, ETC. Wasuixctoy, Jan. 18, 1853, The (hirty-sixth anniversary of the American Coloniza- tion Society was held in the First Presbyterian Church, this evening. The edifice was densely thronged with ladies and gentlemen, including members of Congress, Judges of the Supreme Court, heads of Departinents, and other dig- Ritaries. ‘The President of the United States occupied a seat on the platform, and next to Hon, Edward Everett. The attendance of delegates from the various auxiliary sssociations was larger than at any former period, num- bering upwards of forty. Hon. C. F. Murcer, the oldest Vice President who could he present, called the mecting to order at 7 o’elock. and, salter prayer by Rev.-R. R. Gurley, an abstract of the annual report was read, showing the brightening prospects of the colonization cause. It appears that during the last year six veasels were sent to Liberia, carrying six hundred and sixty colored persons, of whom four hundred and three were free born, two hundred and twenty-five were emancipated, and thirty-eight purchased their freedom, or their triends for them. Mr. Mercer concluded his re- amarks by introducing Hon. Epwaxp Evererr, Secretary of State, who said:—Mr. President—When you invited me, some time ago, to take partin the discussions of this evening, it was my pur- pose, if able to attend the meeting at all, to examine the ‘questions connected with the Golonization Society in all their bearings; for] have long been of opinion, that wheth- er we coassider the state of things in America or Africa, no unore momentous subject can engage our attention. But, sir, ay time and thoughts, during almost the whole interval, have been pre-occupied, in a manner which has prevent- ed my making any but the hastiest and most inadequate preparation to address this audience, on whose kind in- <lulgence, therefore, without further apology, I beg to throw myself. The Colonization Society has been the subject, as it seems to me, of much umerited odium—of indifference equally unmerited, on the part of the ma- | Jority of the community—of the deep interest whieh it | deserves, on the part of a very few. Its operations are | yet in their infaney. They are confined to the proceed- ‘ings of an association of private individuals, pursuing the noiseless tefor of their way, without ostentation ‘or eclat at home, and to the humble fortunes of the asmall State, the germ of a Republic, which, under the auspices of this association, has been planted on the coast of Africa. But before we deride these humble deginnings—before we think itextravagant to believe tha all-important futurities may be wrapped up in them, as the mighty oak is wrapped up in the acorn—we should lo well to refresh our recollection of the first twenty-five years of the settlement Jamestown, or call to mind that first dismal winter Viymouth, where more than thalf the Mayflower’s company sunk under the ri of | the climate’ and the infinite sufferings of their forlorn adyenture. Sir, neither Hlyumouth nor Virginia, at the | end of twenty-five years, had attained anything like such # position asis already occupied by Liberia, in the family of nations—recognized, as she has been, by the mbst powerfs governments of Europe, and sustaining all the | ¥elations of an independent state. First, the settlement of Liberia, on the coast of Africa, under tle auspices of the Colonization Society, was found- ed ona political and moral necessity. As the measures adopted for the suppressign of the African slave trade Jed to the capture of slave ships, it was necessary that provision should be made tor restoring the captured Afri «ans to their native countr. To return each to the vil lage where he was born, was impossible—collected, as they are, from every portion of the interior, and often brought down to the coast from vast distances, all thought of restoring them, at least immediately, to their several homes, was out of the question. To place them down atany of the usual resorts on the coast of Africa, would be to throw thent back at once into the power of the native chiefs, ‘who are the chief agents for carrying on the foreign trade. A setilement on some point of the coast, protected by the ‘influence of the name of a powerful civilized State, seemed, therefore, an indispensable condition of all measures for vepressing the foreign trade, trom the necessity of furnish- ng an asyinm to the victiins that might eet from its grasp, where they might be recvived, and sheltered, civilized, and gradually perhaps find’ their way into | the interior, to their native tribes, Allied to this object of the colony, was one still more important, because ap. plicable to a much larger number of persons, and that was 10 aflord a home in Afi men of color in this country as were desirous of emigrating to the nati Jand of their fathers. TI t first, approved it- self almost unanimously h and at the North to the white and the col r Jealousies by degrees «rept in—prejudices, so] must think them—arose, till at length the colony has become intensely unpopular with a considerable part of those whose interest was one of the leading objects of the formation of the society. ‘Now. sir, 1 do not intend to discuss the ground of these _jealouses, nor to inquire into the policy of the laws of wome States, and the condition of public opinion—often more powerful than law—in others, which make the con dition of the free colored man in all parts of the country, one of interiority and hardshij In order to meet the objections to the society, that it recognizes and co-ope- rates with these oppressive laws, and a still more op- pressive public opinion, 1 will admit such to be the character of the legislation and the public sentiment of ‘the country, in reference to the {ree colored population of the country. But docs this furnish any valid practical argument against coloniention? Does the fact that the i man is unjustly treated in this country—that easively excluded fvom all the eligible careers of the United States—furnish any argument why he should not resort to the region where fathers were born—‘o a climate more con with Afriean con. astitution—a soil more generally fertile, and one which it is every day becoming nore probable {s rich in deposites of gold’ for myselt, 1 must own that this state of le. | gislation and public opinion seems to me strong considera- ‘tions in favor of emigration. I cannot reconcile with colored population? the at and with considerable tempts which have be aanceess. to prevent ti migrating from this country, avhere (heir position is one of hardship and disability, to a coun which promises them every imegipable ad- vantage. Wast sort of a kindness would it have been towards te persecuted Puritans, who in 1608 commored the little dock which afterwards became the Pilgrim chureh at Leyden, to endeavor to persuade them at all hazards not to leave England? Or what motive of real enlightened kindness could have prompted a similar at tempt in reference to Governor Winthrop’s much larger and more efiicient company in 1620? Would it have been the part of real friendship to go among them, and tell ‘them they were tho victims of cruel laws, and still more cruel prejudices—to bid them remember that they were porn in Kugland, that they had as good a right to live ‘there as their oppressors—to exhort them to stand upon their righis, ‘and it need be, to bleed for them—to depict the Wesiern continent and their probable fortunes in the @arkest colors? But this is the precise counterpart of the language continually addressed to ‘the free colored poreson of, the United states, by those who claim to their peculiar friends. Or to take a case, if possible, ‘more nesrly parallel—that of the suffering Scotch, Irish, Swiss, rmans, Norwegians, and other4, who, to the number of hundreds of thousands, annually are emigrat- ing to the United State-—would it be deeined an act of friendship, or rather of refined, cruelty, or at least, of most mistaken kindness, to go among th@ suffering popu lation of these several countries, whose thea ts are ‘turned towards America as a land of refuge aw: ty, and endeavor to dissuade them, kindling in their minds a morbid patriotism—a bitter nationality—urging them to stay and starve, rather than find employment, position, and prosperity ‘for themselves and children, on tis side of the Atlantic? ; Second—But I must pass to another very important ob- Colonization Society in establishing the colony and that in the effectual suppression of the hroughout its extent, and within the sphere of its influence. It is grievous to reflect, that contem- neously with the discovery of our own continent, and rom motives of kindness to its natives, the whole weat- ern coast of Africa was thrown open to that denolating traffic which from time immemorial had been carried on from the ports of the Mediterranean, by tho Nile, and along the enstorn coasta of the continent. It ia stil Wore painful to comsider that the very peclod ; another connected with it, but far 1 { ii | attracts the traveller, and when at which the modern culture of the Wost of Europo was making the most rapid progress, is that at which Africa began to suffer the most from its cor nection with Europe. It was the age of Shakspeure, of Spenser, of Hooker, aud Lord Bacon, of those other brightest suns in the frma- {| ment of England's glory, that her navigators first en; Eng! in this detestable traffic, and vessels, bearing, as if in de- rision, the venerable names of Jesus and Solomon, were rent from Great Britain to the coast of Africa. Ata time when some of the last remnantw of the feudal system were broken down in England and France, when private war had wholly ceased, when men began to venture from the covert of the walled towns, and traverse the high roads and live in the open country in safety—these very States, the most civilized in Europe, began to struggle for the monopoly of that cruel ‘trade, which was carried on by exciting the barbarous races of Af | rica to new fury against each other, and by intro ducing a state of universal war, not merely Letween nation and nation, but between’ tribe and tribe, vil lage and village, and almost between house and house. In fact itis not without example that these benighted beings have delivered their wives and children to the slave dealers Thus, the Western coast of Africa became, like the Northeastern and Kastern coasts, one great alave market, and so remained for nearly three eeuturies. It is now about seventy years since the powers of christendom, excited to activity by philanthropic operations and bene- yolent individuals, “began the warfare upon this cruel | traffic. The American colonies, before their independence, passed laws for its abolition, which were uniformly negatived by the crown. The revolutionary Congress, in the first year of its existence, denounced the trafic, and the constitution of the United States appointed & date for its prospective abolition. This example has beon successfully followed by other States. The trade is now forbidien by the laws of every Chris- tian and most of the Mohamedan powers of Europe and Asia. It still exists, however, to u frightful extent. and the more active the means used to suppress it by block- ade, and cruisers, the greater the cruelty incident to its practice by crowding he slave ships with a greater num- r of victims. . Such being the case, many of those in England who have taken the greatest interest in the sup- pression of the traffic, have seriously proposed to aban don the system of blockades and scruisers, and resort to other expedients; and of these, unquestionably, none can be compared for efficiency with the settlement of the coat. Wherever colony is founded by England, France or America, the trafficis broken up, not merely for that extent of coast, but the whole interior region which foundan outlet through it. In this way the traffic has been wholly suppressed for an extent of at least one thou- sand miles, from the northern extremity of the jurisdic- tion of Sierre Leone to the southern bounds of Liberia. It is necessary only to look at the map to see what an important extent of coun- try has been rescued in this way from the direst scourge which ever afflicted humanity. The lastof the ancient slave marts, Gallinas, has been lately purchased and brought within the limits of Liberia, Along a line of coast not less extensive than that from Maine to Georgia, from every bay and within the shelter of every headlan of which this ‘traffic was carried on within the memory of man, the slave trade has been wholly rooted out. Wuat could not be effected by Congresses of Sovereigns at Vienna or Aix la Chapelle, by quintuple treaties, or by squadrons of war steamers, has been brought about by these feeble colonial settlements, of which that of Liberia has been obliged to struggle its way into permanence, of late, without the co-operation, almost without the tolera- tion, of the government—drawing its supplies almost ex clusively from the perennial fountains of Christian benevolence. I repeat, Sir, wherever these settlements have been fonnded the slave trace has disappeared, and, aa we may trust, for ever. It seems to me that if no other benefit were anticipated from their extension that this alone would constitute an all-powerful motive. What object in lie, in this country, or in any country, cax an individual of African descent propose to himself atall to be compared with that of forming, in hix own person, a part of that noble line of defence by which the shores of his native land are to be forever barred against the desolating trafic? But, great as is the importance of this object, it yields in interest to re comprehensive and momentous—and that is the civilization of Africa. ‘The condition of the Africun continent is a reproach to the civilization of the world. With an extent nearly three times that of Europe, a considerable portion of the known regions of great fertility, teeming with vegetable and animal life—traversed by lofty ranges of mountains, which send down from their sides the tributaries of noble rivers—connected by the Mediterranean on the north, both with the ancient and modern culture of Europe—the western shores repoxing on the Atlantic ocean, the great highway of civilization, the southeastern ranning with ina near proximity to our own continent—the eastern | coasts spread out to the commerce of India, and the whole Oriental world—while the Red Sea and the Nile throw open the approaches of the Asiatic continent—it would seem that by natural endowments and geographical position, it was destined to be the emporium and garden of the earth. Man only, throughout these vast regions, has remained in arrears in the great progress of humani- ty, and instead of keeping pace with his fellow men in other parts of the world, has been so much depressed by various causes of degeneracy, as finally to have come under a suspicion of natural infirmity, of which I must own I have no belief. Ihave no doubt that among the numerous races of Africa, as of the other continents, there are grent diversities of intelligence, from the war: like politic tribes of the central plateau to the broken down, enfecbled hordes on the banks of the Congo, and the squalid, searcely human Hottentot. But it may be doubted whether this difference is greater than between the Laplander, the Gipsy, and the Calmue, on the one hand, and the best and brightest specimens of humanity to be | found in Europe and America, on the other. What, then, is the cause of the continued uncivilization of Africa? And without pretending to pry too curiously into the myste- ries of Providence, it seems to me that a sufficient cause may be found in some peculiar circumstances in the his- tory and geography of this continent. It seems a law of huinan progress, which, however difficult to explain, is too well sustained by facts to be doubted, that the first ad- vances out of barbarism must be made under the influ- ence of culturefromabroad. ‘Thus, the germs of improve- ment were brought from Egypt and Syria to Greeee—from Greece,to Rome—from Rome to the West and North of Europé—from Europe to America; and they are now on their way from our continent to the remotest islands of the Pacific. To what extent the aboriginal element shall be borne down and overpowered by the foreign influences, or enter into kindly combination with them, depends upon the moral and intellectual developement of both parties. The native race may be so apt for improvement as to harmonize promptly and kindly with the cultivated strangers—this was the case with the early Greeks—or the disparity may be xo great that no'kindly union between them {s practicable, and the native tribes slowly and silently retreat before the new comers. This has’ been the case with the native races of our own continent, who have found it all but im- possible to embrace our civilization. Now, in reference | to this law of our social nature, the difficulty in Alrica has been two-fold. First, that the inhabitants of the other quarters of the globe, who had obtained the start in the race of improvement, and might have proved the instructors and guides of the native races, were all deeply concerned ina traffic with the continent of Africa, which, instead of tending like other branches of commerce, to mutual improvement, and especially to the elevation of the inferior party, ix, of all barbarizing agents, the most poisonous and deadly. In this way foreign trade, which Tas usually been the medium tireagh which {te more cultivated foreign race has gradually introduced itself to a mutually beneficial intercourse with the less advanced tribes, has been to Africa, from the dawn of history to the present day, the all powerful agent of internal civil war, anarchy, and social disorganization. This has been one cause of her making so little progress in civilization, Another, is her climate—her mighty equatorial expanse, a more exten. sive tract of land hetween the tropics than in all the rest of the glohe—her fervid vertical sun, burning down ‘pon the rank vegetation of her fertile plains, and rendering her shores and water courses pextiferous to a foreign consti- tution. This peculiar geographical character seems again to shut her out from the ordinary approaches of civiliza- tion, Common inducements of Commercial gain are too weak to tempt the merchant to these feverous districts. Nothing but a taste for adventure, approaching to mania, istian benevolence lures the devoted missionary to this field of labor, it lures him too often to his doom "Hig, then, we see. union of influences which seem to the fate of unhap- py Africa as an abomination of dexolation, But, now, mark and reverence the providence of God) educing out of these natural disadvantages of climate— disadvantages to man’s apprehension—and this co- lossal moral wrong, the African slave trade, out of these seemingly hopeless elements of physical and moral evil—out of long cycles of suffering and crime, of vio lence and retribution, such as history can nowhere par. allel—educing, I say, from these elements, by the blessed alchymy of Christian benevolence, the means of the ulti mate regeneration of Africa, ‘The aroused conscience of Christendom denounces the slave trade, but not till it has existed for three centuries, and filled a portion of the Western hemisphere with five or six millions of the de- scendants of Africa, of whom about a million and a half, in the islands and on the continent, have, from time to time, become free; though born and reared under circum- stances unfavorable to mental culture, yet atill partak ing, in the main, of many of the blessings of civilization and Christianity, amply qualified, as Liberia has shown, to convey those blessings to the native land of their fathers. ‘Thus, atthe moment when the work itself is ready to be commenced, the choxen instruments ace pre- pared. Do Terr in the opinion that the same Providence which has arranged or permitted this mysterious sequence of events, is calling a1 iting them to the auspicious work, All other means have been tried in vain, Private adventure has mixcarried—strength, and courage, and endurance almost superhuman, have languished and broken down—well-appointed expeditions, fitted out under the auspices of powerful associations and powerful go- vernments, have ended in calamitous failure; and it is proved at last that the Caucasian race cannot achieve this mg deferred work. When that last noble expedition which was sent out from England, I think in the year 1641, under the highest auspices, to found an agricultural sottigmont in the interior of Africa, ascended the Niger, every white man out wtp hundred and fifty sickened, eet two or three, if my memory serves me, died, w! ir 4 tex, also one hundred and fifty in number, with all the added labor and anxiety that de- volved upon them, a few only were sick, and individuals who had passed years ina temperate and not one died. I say sein, sir, you Caucasian, you proud Anglo-Saxon, you self-sufficient, all attempting white man, yon’ cannot civillze Alrica—you have subdued and appropriated Europe; the native races are melting before you in America, as the untimely snows of April before a vernal sun; you have posse: of India; you menace China and Japan; of the Pacific are mot distant enough to escape your rasp, nor insignificant enough to clade your notice; but tral Africa ita you, and t defiance. Your equadroms may range @ blockade comet, but neither on the errands of peace or the errands of war can Pes penetrate to the interior. The God of nature, no doubt for wie PErpores, however inscrutable, has drawn across the chief inlets a cordon you cannot break through. You may hover on the coast, but you dare not set foot on shore. Death sits portress at the undefended gateways of her mud-built villages—yellow and intermittent fevers, blue plagues, and poisons that you can see as well as feel, await your approach. As you ascend the rivers, pestilence shoots from the “mangroves that fringe their noble banks, and the glorious sun, which kindles all inferior nature into teeming, bursting life, darts disease into your languid system. No, you are not elected for this momentous work. The great Disposer in another branch of his family has chosen out a race—decendants of this torrid region, children of this vertical sun,—and fitted them by ages of stern discipline, for the gracious achievement. ‘tress foreign realms, and lands remote, supported by jis care, ‘They pass unharmed through burning climes, and breathe tainted air.”” Sir, I believe that the auspicious work is begun; that Africa will. be civilized—civilized by her returning offspring and descendants; I believe it, because I will not think that this mighty and fertile region is to remain for ever in its present state—because I can see no other agency ndequate to tho accomplishment of the work, and I do behold in this agency a most bok perce fitness, I am aware that doubts are entertained of the practica- bility of the work, founded, in part, on the supposed in- capacity of the civilized men of color in this country to carry on an undertaking of this kind, and partly on the supposed hopeless barbarism of the native races, which is thought by some persons to be so gross as to defy the approach of improvement. I believe both opinions to be erroneous. It would, I think, be unjust to urge, as a proof of tho intellectual inferiority of the ‘civilized men of color in this country, that they have not made much intellectual progress, It appears to me that they have done quite as much as could be expected under the depressing circumstances in which they have been placed. t branch of the Eu- ropean family, if held in the same condition for three centuries, would not be subject to the same reproach? Mr. Jefferson, in his Notes on Virginia, urges tho intel- lectual infirmity of the African race, as existing in the United States. He might have been led to doubt the jnstice of his conclusions, by reflecting that in the very same work he thinks it necessary to vindicate the race to which we ourselves belong, from a charge of degener- acy, made by an ingenious French writer. Why, sir, it is but a short time since we Anglo-Americana wore habitu: ally spoken of by our brethren in England, as a. degene- rate and inferior race. Within thirty years it has been contemptuously asked in the liberal journals of Europe, in reference to the natives of the country of Franklin and Washington, and Adams and Marshall, and Jefferson and Madison, of Irving, Prescott, Bancroft, Ticknor, Bry- ant and Longfellow, “Who reads an American book }” In the face of facts like these, it becomes us to be some- what cautious in setting down the colored race in Ame- rica as one of hopeless inferiority. Again, sir, it is doubted whether there is in the native races of, Africa, a basis of improvability, if I may use that word, in which a hope of their future civilization can be grounded. It is said that they alone, of all the tribes of the earth, have shown themselves incapable of improving their condition, Well, sir, who knows that? Of the early history of our race we know but little, in any part of the globe. "A dark cloud hangs over it. The whole north and west of Europe, till the Roman civilization shone in upon it, was as benighted as Africa is now. It is quite certain that, at a very early period of the history of the world, some of the native races of Africa had at- tained a high degree of culture. Such was the case of the ancient Fayptians, a dark colored race, though not of what we call the negro type. They are considered the arents of much of the civilization of the Greeks, and, Kndeed, of the whole ancient world. A» Inte gs tho fifth century, before the Christian era, Plato passed thir- teen years in studying their sacred records. The massive monuments of their cheerless culture have with- stood the storms of time, better than the more graceful creations of Grecianart. Races that emerged from barbar- irm later than those of Africa have with fearful vicissitudes on the pert of individual States acquired and maintained a superiority over Africa; but Iam not prepared to say that it rests on natural causes ofa final and abiding character. We are led into error by contemplating things too much in the gross. ‘There aro tribes in Africa which have made no contemptible progress _in various branches of heman improvement, On they other hand, if we look closely at the condition ’of the mass of the population in Europe, from Lisbon to Archangel, from the Hebrides to the Black sea—if we turn from the few who possess wealth or competence, education, culture, and that lordship over nature and all her forces which be- longs to (instructed mind—if we turn from these to the deuighted, destitute, oppressed, superstitious, abject millions whose lives are passed in the hopeless toils of the field, the factory, the mine—whose inheritance is beg- gary, whose education is stolid ignorance—at whose daily table hunger and thirst are the stewards—whose rare fes- tivity is brutal intemperance—if we could count their numbers, gather into one aggregate their destitution of the joys of life, andthus estimate the full extent of the practical barbarism of the nominally civilized world, we should be inclined, perhaps, to doubt the essential supe- ricrity of the present improved European raoe. If it be essentially superior, why did it remain so long un- improved? ‘The Africans, you say, persevered in their original barbarism for five thousand years. Well, the Anglo Saxon race did the same thing for nearly four thousand years; and in the great chronology of Providence, a thousand years are but as one day. A little more than ten centuries ago, and our Saxon ancestors were not more civilized than some of the African tribes of the present day. ‘They were warlike people—pirates by sea, bandits on sho: the darkest superstitions, worshippin as dark and cruel as themselves; hud the tr s carried on in Great Britain eight hundred years ago as ruthlessly as upon the coast, of Africa at the Present day. But. it pleased Divine Providenee to pour the light of Christianity upon this midnight darkness. By degrees, civilization, law, liberty, lottera and arts came in, and at the end of eight centuries we talk of the essential inborn superiority of the Anglo-Saxon race, and look down with disdain on those portions of the human family who have lay @ little behind us in the march of civilization, Sir, at the present day, Africa is not the abode of utter barbarism. Here, again, we do not discriminate—we judge inthe gross. Some of her tribes are, indeed, hopelessly broken down by internal wars and the foreign slave trade, and the situation of the whole continent is exceedingly adverse to any progress in culture. But they are not savages—the mass of the population live by agriculture; there is some traffic between the coast and the interior; there is a rude architecture; gold dust is collected, iron is smelted, weapons, and utensils of husbandry and house- hold use are wrought, cloth is manufactured and dyed, im oil is expressed, and schools are taught. Among Be aomedan tribea the Koran is read. ft have seen native African in this city who had passed forty years of hia life as a slave in the field, who, at the age of seventy, wrote the Arabic character with the elegance of a scribe. And Mungo Park tells us that lawsuits are argued with as much ability, fluency, and at as much length, in the interior of Africa,as at Edinburgh. I certainly am aware that the condition of the most advanced tribes of Central Africa is wretched, mainly in consequence of the slave trade, which exists among them in the most de- plorable form. The only wonder is, that with this cancer cating into their vitals from age to age, any degree of civilization can exist. But 1 think it may be said, with- out exaggeration, that, degraded as are the ninety mil- lions of Africans, ninety millions exist in Europe, to which each country contributes her quota, not much less 4 ‘The difierence is, and certainly an all important , that in Europe, intermingled with those ninety millions, are fifteen to twenty millions, possessed of all de- grees of culture, up tothe very highest; while in Africa there isnot an individual who, according to our standard, hasattained a high degree of intellectual cultivation; but if obvious causes for this can be shown, it iy unphiloso- phical to infer from it essential incapacity. But all doubts of the capacity of the African race for self government, and of their improvability under favorable circumstances, seem to me to be removed by what we witness at the present day, both in our own country and on the coast of that continent. Notwithstanding the dis- advantages of their condition in this country, specimens of intellectual ability, the talent of writing and speaking, capacity for business, for the ingenious and mechanical arts, for accounts, for the ordinary branches of academ- in! Yearning, have been exhibited by our colored brethren which would do no discredit to Anglo-Naxons. Pau Cufter, well recollected in New England, was a - person of great ‘energy. His father was an African slave —his mother an Indian of the Elizabeth Islands, Mass. I have al- ready alluded to the extraordinary attainments of Abderra- hamian—a man of better manners or more respectable ap- pearance I never saw. The learned blacksmith of Alabama, now in Liberia, has attained a celebrity scarcely inferior. to that of his white brother known by the same designa- tion. I frequently attended the examinations at a schoo in Cambridge, at whieh Beverley Williams was a pupil. ‘Iwo youths from Georgia, and a son of my own, were his fellow pupils. Beverley was a born slave in Mississippi, and apparently of pure African blood. He was one of the best scholars—perhaps the best Latin scholar—in his class. These are indications of intellectual ability, afforded under discouraging circumstances at home. On the coast of Africa, tl success of Liberia (the creation of this society) oe to put to rest all doubts on this question. The 3 of that interesting settle- ment, under t difficulties and discouragementas, have been managed with a discretion, an energy, and I must say, all things considered, with « success which au- thorizes the most favorable inferences as to the capacity of the colored races for self-government. It is about thirty years since the settlement began, and I think it must be allowed that its ress will compare very favorably with that of Virginia or Plymouth, after an equal length of time. ‘They have established s well organized constitution of republican government. It is administered with ability; the courts of justice are modelled aftet ourown. They have schools and churches. The soil is tilled, the coun- try is explored, the natives are civilized, the slave trade is‘banished, a friendly urse is maintained with for- eign powtrs, and England and France have acknow! their independent sovereignty. Would a handful of An- ‘lo-Americans from the humblest classes of society here, dobetter than this? The truth is, Mr. President, and with this I conclude an influence has been, and I trust ever will be, at work through the agency of the colony at Liberia, other similar agencies, I tr to be added, 3 and impulse of religious eal, that has civilized the world. ‘Arms, and craft, and pammom soles | thelr nity ‘and mingle in the work, but ca: ty. our colored brethren, equally with ourselves, ate suscep- tible of the moral sentiments, it would be an affront to your discernments to argue. Sir, I read last r in ‘& newspaper an anecdote which miomeed $0-a point in so beantiful and affecting a light that, your per- mission, I will repeat it. A citizen of Rapi jana, with his servant, started for California, hoping to improve his not prosperous circumstances by the golden harvest of that region. For a while they were successful, but the health of the master at length failed. What, in that distant region, under a constitution for. bidding slavery, and in that new and scarcely organized society—what was the conduct of the slave? Priest and Levite, ax the master lay ill of typhus fever, came and other side. But the looked’ on him, and t passed by on faithful servant tended, watched, protected his atricken master, by day and by night—his companton, nurse, and friend. At length the master died. it, then, was the conduct of the slaye, ax he stood on those lonely wastes, by the remains of him who, when living, he had served? He dug his decent grave in the golien sands, gathered up the fruits of their joint labors {these he considared the sacred property of his master’s family toiled afew more weeks under the burning sun of a California summer, to accumulate the means of pa g ing his passage to the States, and then returned to the family of his master, in Louisiana. I cannot vouch for the truth of the story. Ihave heard of tales which, if not Zrue, were well invented. This, sir, is too good to be inyehted. I believe, I know, it must be true; and such a fact proves far more the possession by the African race of the moral sentiments by which the land of their fathers is to be civilized than volumes of argument. Sir, that master and that slave ought to in mar- ble and brass. If a person so humble as myself 50 soon to pass away and be forgotten, dare pro- mise it, I would say their memory shall never ; Sortunati.“ ambro; mea carmina ere is @ moral wealth in that incident beyond the trea- sures of California. If all the gold she has already yielded to the indomitable industry of the adventurer, and all that she yet locks from the cupidity of man in the virgin chambers of her snow clad sierras, were all molten‘into one ingot, it would not bend the moral worth of that scene. Sir, I leave you to make the application. Thave told you—you knew it well before—how Africa is to be civilized, and who are to do the work. And what re- mains but to bid God 5; to the undertaking? ‘The delivery of the address was interrupted by frequent bursts of applause. Rev, Cuakiss H. Rep, of Virginia, delivered a few re- marks in support of the position that it is the duty of the whites to sustain the blacks until they can stand alone, and he pressed the colonization cause as a Christian enterprise. Hon. C. F. Mercer gave a minute history of the Colo- nization Society, urging that the society should be guarded against fanatic abolitionists on one hand, and the aes fanatic advocates of slavery as an abstract good, on the other. From Washington City. MARITIME EXPLORING EXPEDITION—DR. KANE'S PRO- POSED SEARCH FOR SIR JOHN FRANKLIN—LIEUT. PAGE'S MISSION TO SOUTH AMERICA—A PATENT INFRINGEMENT, ETC. SPECIAL CORRESPONDENCE OF THE NEW YORK HERALD. Wasmsarox, Jan 18, 1853. A great deal of misapprehension seems to exist with regard to Dr. Kane's connection with the new Grinnell Expedition. It is absurdly stated that he has been ap- pointed to its command by the Secretary of the Navy. The truth is, that in compliance with the request of Lady Franklin, the Secretary of the Navy has permitted Dr. Kane to place himself under the orders of Mr. Grinnell; and in order that he shall receive his full pay as a sur- geon in the navy, while attached to the expedition, has caused him to be ratéd as on what is technically called special service. This gives him full duty pay as surgeon— nothing more. Of course the department has no autho- rity to change a surgeon’s grade into that of a licutenant and commander, as has been stated. A boatawain, a hospital steward, anda carpenter, have been placod under the direction of Dr. Kaac. Mr. Grinnell can assign the Doctor any duty they choose to agree upon, in jis muni. ficent private expedition. ‘The expedition to the Paraguay and La Plata, under command of Lieutenant Page, will sail this week, in the newly rebuilt steamer Water Witch. The objects’ of the expedition have been stated in the Secretary's report, namely, to explore those rivers as far as possible, AS Congress has made no appropriation for the expedition, the Secretary has been unable to attach any scientific entlemen to it, beyond what the officers in the navy in themselves present, Lieut. Page was instructed by the Secretary to select as many scientific officers to accom- pany him as were disengaged and were necessary, and he s accordingly done so, A small steam-engine will be carried along with them, which can be placed on a small boat, and this it is believed will be found very serviccable in places where the water is too shallow for the larger boat, and the current may be too strong for a row boat. Lieut. Page has not yet received his. final instruetion.s but they will simply embrace directions to puraue the objects of the enterprise, with such other instructions as are usual. Commander Ringgold’s important expedition is nearl; ready for sea, and it is expected will sail during th month. The U.S. Supreme Court decided, this morning, that Erastus Corning, John F. Winslow and Company, of the Albany Iron Works, have infringed Mr. Burden’s patented machinery for making hook-headed spikes, used in the construction of railroads. A perpetual injunction has been issued, with orders to account and pay damages, which it is said will amount to near two hundred thou- sand dollars. ‘ Xx. ¥. 2. REMOVALS AND APPOINTMENTS—IMPORTANT DECI- SION RELATIVE TO A PATENT INFRINGEMENT, ETC. FROM A REGULAR CORRESPONDENT. Wasiinaton, Jan. 18, 1853. Several clerks have been dismissed from the Census Bu- reau since the Ist inst. Four were dismissed to-day. Meanwhile, we are apprized of eight fresh appointments. In the case of the Troy Nail Manufacturing Compan against Erastus Corning and others, of New York, for al- leged infringement on Burdens patent binding lever, in the manufacture of railroad spikes the decision was given in the United States Supreme Court this morning, reversing the decision of the Court below, and directing perpetual injunction to be issued. 1 Union, this morning, publishes a letter from Mr. Beale, member of Congress from the Fourteenth district of Virginia, declining a re-election. A despatch from Key West states that the Hon. Lewis C. Levin, who recently visited Havana, with the view of leaving his family there for the benefit of their health, has returned with them to Key West, in consequence of the alarming prevalence of the small pox and cholera at Ha- va ‘The amount received thus far in January, towards the Washington Monument, is $2,708. Departure of the Fulton—Mr. King’s Health. Nonvoux, Jan. 18, 1853. The United States steamer Fulton sailed from here, for Hayana, last night. The health of the Hon, W. R. King was improving. Items from Concord. DEMOCRATIC CONGRESSIONAL NOMINATION-—-ABOLI- TION MOVEMENTS, ETU. Concorp, Jan. 18, 1853. Hon. George W. Morrison, of Manchester, was to-day nominated at the democratic Congressional Convention, held in Manchester, to be supported in March, as the de- mocratic candidate in this, the Second district, under the new revision. He received 145 votes, the whole number. There was a majority of between 100 and 200 against the demoerats last year, in this district. Messrs. Foster and Pillsbury, the abolition lecturers. haye taken the stump in this Slate, to open the way for Hale, Tuck & Company, preparatory to the March elec tion.’ Abolition and thé Maine liquor law are to be the ssues. Uncle Tom's Cabim is the principal electioneering document. The new gas works were put in operation in this place last evening. Brxcuasroy, Jan. 18, 1853. ‘The day express train on the Erie Railroad, while passing the Campville station, “bound east, came in collision with an engine which was standing on the switch between the two tracks. All the cars were thrown off the track, and several passengers were severely bruised, but it is thought none were dangerously injured. A fire was discovered last night in one of the cells of the jail under the court house in this place. It was ex- tinguished bofore much damage was done, and in supposot to have been the work of one of the prisoners. Erle Railroad Freight Depot Burned. Gosnen, Jan. 18, 1853. A fire broke out in the oil room of the freight depot of the Erie Railrond at Delaware, and the building was en tirely consumed, with a large amount of freight. The lous is estimated at $5,000. Items from the South. CHOLERA AMONG EMIGRANTS FOR LIBERIA—QREAT MORTALITY—THE UNITED STATES STEAMER WATER WITCH, ETC. Baxriwore, Jan. 18, 1853, ‘The mail is *hrough from New Orleans as late as due? Bark Zebra,» .ch sailed from New Orleans on the Ist inst., for Liberia, put into Savannah on Saturday, with the cholera on board. The Captain and twenty-seven emigrants had died, and many of the crew and passen- gers were sick. The U. 8. steamer Water Witch, arrived here from Rapa pg by — ng in stores, and will sail ina few for Rio Colonel Hebert, Governor elect of Louisiana, was reco- vering. His disease was a brain fever. The Cold Weather, &e. Jan. 18--P. M. The weather is colder, and snow is falling fast. Boston, Jan. 18—P, M. Snow has fallen steadily since noon to-day. Covcorn Jan. 18, 195° ‘The woather is moderating. The thermometor ix sow at28. The wind in Ror thwent, and it is snow'ag « Little, Interesting from Albany. SPECIAL CORRESPONDENCE OF THE NEW YORK HERALD. CABINET SPECULATIONS—CURIOUS LETTERS ON THEIR WAY TO CONCORD, ETc. Atpayy, Jan. 18, 1853. It may not be generally understood by the public that at the mécting of electors in this city, on the Ist of De- cember last, a carefully and ingeniously prepared letter— which was ealled a letter of congratulation—was present ed to, and signed by, some twenty-two or twenty-three of the electors. It is contended, and was doubtless so in- tended by those who got it up, as indicating a preference for some person other than the Hon. Daniel S. Dickinson for a place in Gen. Pierce's cabinet, from this State, and pointing to another individual, although no person was named. This has called forth from the democracy of the State an expression in favor of Mr. Dickinson, which must be regarded as very emphatic. Several of the electors who signed the letter of congratulation, join in this ex- pression. It consists, first, of about two-thirds of the electoral districts, speaking either through the electors themselves, or the committees who made the! a decided majority of the delegates to the State tion held at use on the first day of September last, which nominated Horatio Seymour for Governor, and formed the electoral ticket; third, a majority of the de- moeratic members of the Senate: fourth, a majority of the democratic members of the Assembly; fifth, letters from the leading influential national democrats from all rts of the State. These are regarded as tho moxt au- ntic, reliable, and authoritative expressions which can be made of the wishes of the democracy of the State. ‘These documents are on the way to Concord. Siam. LEGISLATIVE BUSINESS—DAY LOST BY THE SENATE —FUN IN THE ASSEMBLY--THE TAXING OF MIN- ISTERS—THE CANAL QUESTION, ETC. Atpany, Jan, 18, 1853. The Senate was in session only half an hour to-day after prayers. Upon reaching the general orders, the Senate went into committee, Mr. Conger in the chair. On the bill to authorize the consolidation of railroads, Mr. Wright, turning over his files, remarked that the bill was not before him, and,.as he knew nothing of its merits, was not prepared for action. Other Senators algo'stated that no copy was on their files—so the com- mittee rose. The next bill was for the formation of building associations, when several Senators found them- selves deficient in copies of that bill. This was also abandoned, and a discussion arose, in which the messen- ger boyx were strongly reprimanded. The Sergeant-at- Arma being responsible for not keeping the files complete from day to day, Mr. Pierce moved that the Senate ad- Journ over for the day, in order to give that officer time to get the files in order. So the day was lost, because if a dozen men, and as many boys, at three dollars a-day, did not attend to their business. ' A friend tells me that the Lieut. Governor administered @ severe reprimand to some of the officers. é In the House there was any amount of sport and spar- ring—sport from the gravest of subjects, that of de- Mberating whether ministers of the gospel’ should be lia- ble to taxation. The law now exempts a property to the amount of $1,000, owned by clergymen, from taxation. A petition was presented asking for a repeal of that Inw. The Judiciary Committee reported against the repeal, which distatisiiod the Houre. Mr. Hendee, (whig,) of Livingston county, “moved fo re. commit the bill, but it was thought unnecessary, as that committee had’ already reported against it. Mr. Bur- roughs, (ind. dem.) of Orleans, ina facetious mood, moved to refer the bill to the Committee on Commerce, the chairman of which is Mr. Dan. Taylor, as they probably had more leisure than any other. ‘This was a iting at the Speaker. Mr. Taylor remarked that if his friend, Mr. Burroughs, knew the amount of business on his hands, he would not attempt to heap further business upon him. He had referred to him several petitions from Saranac river, (the modern Salt river,) which is now considered an important stream, and he meant to keep it in navign- ble order for the use of many of his whig friends who are now on its watera. ‘The bill was finally referred to a select himself, having become im- committee, and the bued with the playful spirit of the House immediately lect Committee Messrs. Taylor, Bur- announced as the roughs and Hendee. Then came up Senator Coo'ey’s joint resolutions for a Canal Committee. Although they passed almost unani- mously in the Senate, they met with strong opposition in the House. This body did not seem willing to tie its own hands. A debate occurred for an hour anda half, but no vote was taken. Mr. Cooley was pre-ent, watching the movements with much apparent interest. Mr. Kennedy introduced « bill to prevent the railroad companies from giving free tickets. gentleman should be immediately attended to, Will the President of the Hudson River, Harlem un¢ Erie, and Central line, look into the matter promptly. The ‘same gentleman’ will devise a plan whereby employers will be compelled te pay their workmen all their wages every Saturday night. Mr. A.C. Hall is about entering the legal profession. He offered a resolution to-day authorizing the Clerk of the House to furnish all the members with copies of the Re- vised Statutes at the expense of the State. ‘The Woman's State Temperance Society have permission to use the As- sembly Chamber on Friday ; much Bloomer eloquence is expected to be displayed, as many of the female orators of the day will be present. The nominations of Mr. Ogden, of Penn Yan, for Canal Appraiser, and Mr. Briggs, of Syracuse, for Superinten- dent of the Salt.Springs, are to be acted upon to-day in the Senate. New York State Temperance Convention. COMBINED MOVEMENT RECOMMENDED TO COMPEL THE LEGISLATURE TO PASS AN ANTI-LIQUOR LAW, ETC. Aupasy, Jan. 18, 1853. The State Temperance Convention assembled at the Baptist Church, on State street, this morning. H. Camp, President, took the chair, and the Rey. R. 8, Crampton and H. McAllister were appointed secretaries pro tem. ‘ Messrs. W. H. Burleigh and J. C. Crocker, of Albany, 8. P. Townsend and C. G. Warren, of New York, and seven others, were appointed a business committee. ‘the President delivered an able address on the present aspect and position of the temperance cause, and the abrolute necessity of legal enactments to suppress the traffic in liquor. He exposed, in a masterly manner, the fallacies contained in the minority report presented to the Assembly last year. The Rev. Mr. Crampton mage some forcible remarks in relation to the late election, and the result of the efforts of the friends of temperance to elect members of the Assembly. After afew remarks by John B. Shaw, of Rensselaer, on the necessity of energetic, persevering efforts on the part of temperance men, the Business Committee reported the following resolutions, which were adopted, aiter having been briefly diseussed by the Rey. Messrs. Cramp- ton, Armstrong, Kingsbury, Henderson, Burleigh, and others :— 1.—Rexolved, That, profoundly convinced as we are, that the trafic in into ing liquors as a beverage, is impolitic and immoral, the fruitful source of intem perance, wretchedness, pauperis, and criminality, bur- lening the community with onerous taxation, and sub jecting the citizens to evils almost innumerable, a true regard for all the great interests imperilled by it con strains us to continue our efforts for its prohibition. —Resolved, That it is the right of the people of this State to demand from the present Legislature the enact- ment of a law prohibiting entirely the sale of intoxicating drinks, with adequate penalties and suitable provisions for its enforcement, and we protest against any repeal of the present license laws, exeept by the enactment of such w —Resolved, That, believing the question & the pro- ition of liquor traffic of paramount importance to ull ordinary political i will regard avowed adhesion to the principle of prohibition, on the part o candidates for the Legislature, as indispensable to our suffrages, and if compelled to sacrifice party, or surren- der principle, we will not hesitate to do the former in obedience to the latter. solved, That, if the present Legislature shall ad Journ withont having enacted such a law as above indi- cased, it will then be the right and the duty of the friends of temperance, in each Senatorial and Assembly district, to combine their influence in some efficient manner, and make the question of temperance the main issue in the election of the next Legislature. 5.—Resolved, That, in our opinion, no really vital prin ciple of the Maine law has been assailed in the recent ju dicial decision against the anti-liquor laws of Rhode Island and Minnesota, or in the opinion of the Judges of the Su- preme Court of New Hampshire. That the right of a State to protect itself from the evils of liquor traitic, by a prohibitory law, and the e@nsequent right of seizure and destruction of ' the contraband article, still remains intact. For the friends of temperance, therefore, there is no oceasion for desponding—for its enemies none for exultation. ‘The Convention adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. TEMPERANCE MEETINGS. This evening a mecting was held at the same church, for the general discussion of the temperance question. ‘The church was crowded. ‘Two meetings were held in the main body of the church, and another in the lecture room. Floquent addresses were dolivered by the Rey. Mr. Cuy. ler, of New Jersey; Mr. Brown, of Auburn; Mr. Hawkins, S bay and others, Great enthusiasm was man!- fested, ‘The Eastern and Western Grand Divisions of the Sons bs Tapetance of New York are also in session here to- night. From Boston. THK LIQUOR LAW—COUNTERFEITER EXAMINED, ETC. Boston, Jan. 18, 1853. The House to-day made a test question on the order to repeal the liquor law, and laid it on the table by a vote of 186 to 116, William W. Wilson wan examined, in the police Gog to-day, on of counterfeiting bills on the Bank North America, “radesmen's and ts? Bank, also the Housatonic Bank, and the State Bank of Ii Another charge is for counterfeiting silver dollars, halves, and dimes. The care waa seat up to the Municipal Court, 04 bail cequixed in $17,000. Marine Disasters, Poravevrina, Jan. 18, 1853. The schooner J. & W. Erriason of Philadelphia, from New York for Richmond, went ashore on Sunday in Tows- send’s Inlet, Cape May. Her cargo consisted of railroaé fron. The Captain and crew were saved. A letter from Berlin, Maryland, states that the cargo of the schooner Franklin, from Porto Rico, (before reported ashore South of Fenwick’s Island,) will be landed in damaged condition. +g Norvoia, Jan. 18, 1868. ~ The packet achooner Columbia, henoe for New York ist stant, was spoken off Cape Henry yesterday, with lous in of sails, &e. Boston, Jan. 18, 1853. Accounts from Holmes’ Hole report that the schoomer Progress, from Portland for Baltimore, di shoreia the gale of the 13th, but got off on 15th, with loss of false keel, and leaking fifty strokes an hour. Ske will proceed to New Bedford to repair. The Quickest Trip to Savannah, ’ iat Ravana: > * 18538. The steamship Florida, Capt. Woodbull, from New York, arrived at the bar at half-past nine, and at her wharf at half-past eleven o'clock last night, being the quickest run ever made. Markets. New Jan. 16, 1853. Notwithstanding a heavy rain storm, the sales of cottem to-day were 10,000 bales. "Prices were full and frm. New Onueans, Jan. 17, 1868. Cotton to-day firm, sales 7,000 bales. We quete middling 8a.8'ze. Prime molasses, 22% a We. Baral lard is declining; sales 200 barrels, at 10c. Ohio four dull at $4 80. Corn—40,000 bushels white sold at Rio coffee—Sales 8,000 bags, at 8% a 9c. Sterling change—Best signatures, 8. Freights firm. ° 9g Ce ae | Cuanteston, Jan. 17, 1868. The sales of cotton to-day were 1,600 bales, at prices ranging from 8% a10c. A lot of 130 bales sold as high 103¢e. Ital CuaRruesron, Jan. 18, 1868. Sales of cotton to-day were 1,800 bales, at 8 to 103¢0. Prices are gradually advancing. pt Our Washington WASHINGTON, Jan. 15, 1853. Congressional Proceedings—Bill to Prevent Frauds on the Treasury—Galphin Claim Defended—Op- position to the Small Notes Bill—Their Extenstwe Circulation—Necessity for State Legislation— Difficulty Attending the Bill—Required Issue of Silver Coinage--Measures Adopted in England. The proceedings in the House, during the past week, may be summed up in the passage of the bill to prevent frauds upon the treasury, which originated in the Senate, and was reported by the Select Com- mittee appointed to inquire as to what connection Mr. Corwin had with the Gardiner claim, with an im- portant amendment, prohibiting members or offi- cers of either body from prosecuting clafms against the government, the debate on which was in a great measure confined to the attack and defence of that gentleman, and towards its close was rendered re- markable by the speech of Mr. Stephens, of Georgia, during which he went into an investigation of the Galphin claim, for the purpose of showing that when the State of Georgia obtained the possession of the 1ands of the Ind{ans within its territory it undertook to liquidate the debts due by them to Mr. Galphin, amounting to nine thousand pounds, with interest, and who contended that the only question which was to be decided when the claim was advanced, was whether the amount should be liquidated by the General or State government. As had been anticipated, the bill to prevent the iasue of small notes in the District of Columbia has met with considerable opposition in the shape of amendments, it being universally admitted that the practice constitutes a serious evil, and which is more extended in its operation than was at first imagined, it appearing that a large amount of this irresponsible trash is cent away for circulation in the more distant parts of the Union. A Not only is this the case, but, as was stated during the discussion, small notes from the State of Maine were extensively Clrouluted in Minois, pending the last election, and it may be presumed, also, in and from other States; and the attention of the different State Legislatures will probably be drawn to the sub- {er as has been the case in Maryland, when, by pro- ibiting the issue of notes under five dollars, and making all bank paper redeemable in specie, the cur- rency of the country may be placed on a sounder hasis, and the public generally be secured aj the ition which is practised with impunity, Mr. Cartter’s amendment, prohibiting the issue of all descriptions of bank paper in the district, was ne- gatived by an overwhelming majority; and very pro- erly, as it is absurd to imagine that the business Eansictions of a community which was estimated by Mr. Bowie, of Maryland, at twenty millions of dol- lars, can be carried on without the aid of a paper currency. The bill, however, does not meet the issue of irre- sponsible notes above five dollars, except so far as it requires that they shall be redeemed in specie; and the amendment of Mr. Sackett, of New York, might have been introduced with advantage, which required that banks issuing notes of a higher denomination than five dollars should deposit with the Secretary of the Treasury United States stock to the extent of $90,000, and that their issues should be limited to that amount, which would have afforded ample security to the public, and permitted the companies to derive an adequate profit from the interest on the amount so deposited, and on their issues. . fhe principal difficulty, however, arises from the contemplated sudden operation of the bill, which, it is contended, would enable brokers to fleece the com- munity, by demanding four or five per cent for silver change during the scarcity which would thus be pro- duced, and thus realize enormous gains. ‘The more prudent course, therefore, and one that would meet this objection, would be to give the bill a prospective operation—say to postpone for a year its going into effect, so far as relates to small notes, req them, in the meantime, to be redeemable in specie, and for the government at once to issue the requisite amount of silver coinage to modify the revulsion. The effect of small notes on a community is to ex) acorresponding amount of specie, and, on their withdrawn, it returns, to meet the demand in way created. There must be a transition state, how- ever, during which inconvenience will be suffered, but which, in this instance, would be less sensi felt if there were the issue from the mint to which have referred, with which to make payments from the treasury 1t was in this way the British government met the di.eulty of resuming specie payments in England, and the subsequent prohibition to issue or circulate notes of a less denomination than five ds ster- ling. As early as 1777, the issue of promi notes for a less sum was prohibited by law, and the pro- Libition remained in force till 1797, when the govern- revented the Bank of England from baying , and, with the sanction of Parliament, prohibition was continued till 1823—a period of iwenty-six years, during which notes of a leas amount were permitted to be issxed by the bank. . But the act directing the resumption of “ee pay- ments was introduced by Mr. Peel, in 1819, four years before it actually took place, in 1823; and it was not till 1826 that a law was enacted prohibiting the cir culation of notes under five pounds after Vobreary, 1829, and which has continued in operation ever since—thus allowing six years, after the resumption of specie for the circulation of notes of a less value than fine pounds. In the meantime, in 1821, new coinage of gold had been issued, to the amount of £14,877,547, which ‘supplied the chasm made in the circulation of the country by the reduction of the amount of Bank of England notes, and also went to replenish the vaults of the bank, in preparation for the ran that be made in the Doig gt of specie payments, to which precaution the danger that had been ay heuded was passed with the greatest facility. . Police Intelligence. A Dishomest Servant.—A young woman, named Louisa Servert, was arrested yester by officer Fisher, of the Sixteenth ward police, on a nge of stealing from er employer » gold watch and jewelry, valued at $80, It seems the accused was employed in the family of Mes. Barbara ra x the Ages ‘Thirty -fe “a non and, s Ly er ran taking with her the Propert: pa polly Tustics Stuart committed the accused to prison for trial. Arrest 78.—Two si ious characters, named John Wil and Paddy Bott were arrested on Mom- dey night, by the Sixth ward police, charged with the perpetrati io. 48 Orange street. ion of a burglary at Kt seema the rogues broke into the basement of the said premises, and stolo therefrom $2 60. They were ve br ia Osborn, who committed them te trial. The undersigned lly informs his friends and the public that the charges lately preferred ageinat him have becu £2") laycstigated before Justice Osborn, bg whom een eee ands LYON, GY Pend