The New York Herald Newspaper, December 25, 1852, Page 4

(+ Mesquite ‘There is probably no port as:the whole sea of the PRIBTOR AND EDITOR. eleowhers to Antilles, to whieh public aptention hae boon eee it through. The sokeme, is too complex—too mas- | directed than thet of fax Juan de YE: roted te the common interests. 4 oe eS ae aive—too much money ie at stake—to be disposed | sepposedimpertaneo, as probably the ealy Atientie this purpose, is wow actually in TERS coo agotenen | Ofduring 5 short session, perticalarly just at tho | tormines for a ship cena! betwom the two ateame— Bike, in Rondures, and we may soon erp tear last sersion, with referenoe to the course of Mexico The 1 ES A oe pe looong: “24.0 new sdmiaincarion, whi the dit. | ite solsure by the oglish, under pro‘ence of mp | “ane, saat ng. : fa rlation to the Tehuantepes route, will shortly the "! ! > heir own interests to at | porting the territerial rights ot the sapporiti Parr Parpeses of this conrolidation is the | be called up in that body, with a view of adopting pate Pnsintgs — : | {King of the Mecquitos”—and ite subsequent | ti ete for the parpase of occupying the | ® decided course in » question which is of national | tend to mame hav ssemslous position under the, Clayton and Bulwer | ine free of sng nee ne a8 ond to tho. disgust. | imporiazee. Balteving that eventually a highway No sooner had R- “8 had for one oy it arewed objocte the bas been kept 4~¢> Kingdom.” Thie farce | to the Pacifie will be formed within our own boun- tention of ——_aatot Huntor sunounced his in. ** seetony nert—all | Dog'and having Lowa Lett, interference; but, | darien, wo still eamnot lose sight of tho * - pending the Christenaa holidaye in New | trea'y, wi... of tae, netify, oF ervelf “neither to oveugy | ~'+== Sth clspe0 befory tha 2 Pre ‘ean some of the Washington newsps: | final sott'ement of tne .... cart ete 4 jena me, OT Besaing oy exetelag years ‘=~ completion of #4 per jonts undertook to electrify the whole | these are smonget the causes which bave ] orw., ‘oaragus, the Mosquito a *8y | undertoking, country “oy Aecinring that Mr. H hed boon specially | tributed to invest it with interest. Few, never- | dominion ovas .... =~ swvre, or | and mort expeditions rote 4 thé, easiae - La invit- Roncor’ General Pierse. Tho first in- | theless, are sware of its actual politien! relations, | ayy fart o-Cemttey Ameried;* 4t follows that sho | Command our carnes* : should BaSAbWay THEATRR OT oway.—Tue Puxr—Pow | gy 4% y " or have the slightest ides of whet they may here | cannot inter” psinet, this wesertion of their lo- | For theo re~-* , HS mai0% oF Loxsummay. atthon that any such invitation had been given sivée beeoma, Upon. these: pointe we are able to.| eiuime: rate wr wey ae oma Ba ” “2802 %, 25 well Xe Zhe promtnense WIBIO'S, Brondway.—Berey BAxRR—Marurra, ‘was received in Concord, by telegraph, yesterday, é ag autbarity by the Contr Benato BURTON'S THEATRE, CI Beat Farce aua—Ose tnov 2 Macainr. L THBATRE, Chatham stecet.—Mr % abrag rresinmy AP a—Tar wavMAaN—Dow JY? ric Lany. rie laish Fal? an, Brox: sncuee—Byo- mMbers street, —SeRr0 ve easy Minucwens Wa’. Fi srEe~ — WALLACK'S THEATRE, Bron @uy kerion My CxRwTNAs Dinw 4 .—Porrime Tre se—Hovry Man. Mvarnawos Rar WHITE'S THEATRE OF Vakip —-Merning—Pavoy Mauns’, SRIF cine Fs Vier oRIee—Baacn *, ot 17 ana 19 Bowe KR ANO MIG Maw, -Pornty Inver sATH—~Misoninvous HE SOMIPANY uF o onty Twevke AMERICAN MUSEUA Fenrwree Faouc. atvercoonn a? me UNH Rav MOND AND Ant ooh —GEn, Tox FHF Ges. Tom Tavan— #2 aod 4 o'ol ok—Gen, o>. Evening, at 6 and 8% fy Thieves. BELLRR'S SALOON, (5) By eves —Necanowszncy GEORA MA. 586 Broadway wr Bouy Lawn Wo BROADWAY.—Mr YS OPERA AOUSE, wy Curr aoe «—Banvern'’s Pasonams or aay Exxuerron, ond way.—BrvOFtAN eRK9, WOOD'S MINSTR away. drniorian BLS. WwW ‘Movies: Hell, 49 Brood INerans. CIRCUS, Bev erp Beumentan Ewern rarewnnrs sssconitomenabeivieeer rte ei dare td Kew York, iin oa Riper Burope. THE NEW 908K WEEKLY HERALD. ‘The Collins stew aip Arotic, Captain Luce, will leave ‘Wale port ut meen te sdap. for Liverpool Budecriptions wad dvertisements for any edition of the Nw Your Hl tniyo ‘will be received at the following pisces In Earepe + B. Bandford & €0., Londen. Willism Thomas Co. 29 wud 21 Catherine strou. Udvingrton, Welln & Coe, Paris, BH. Revoil. 17¥ due de te Banque. ‘The Kuropesm mails, wit clore st a quarter before even o'clock (his morsieg. The Wentir Han. aup will be publi#’hed mt haif-past nine o'clock Mey, December 25, 1852. By the erival of the steamship Onania wo are to lay Leiore owr reader , very fair synopsis of one week's later advices fr »m Murope. “The political intelligence by this ar? val ts of very little impor- tance, except s0 far aw con:serns the eunouncement that » great deal of ex citeacent existed in the Bri- tish Parliament on tho 10: h instant; in consequence ef the onslaught ef t! 16 ppposition party upon the ministry. As Mr. Diet 2oli hed declered that he would wiso or fall with tiv » dc eision of the matter, great apaicty was manife sted to asconcin the result of the contest. AH w as ‘quiet in the empire of Na- Poleon Iil., althoug ba ight fiuetuation was notice- able on the Bourse du: ing the fizat fow days of his reign. He bag © mader hosts of new fnonds, by reapects to. the President elect—ao:hing more. ble, of the public lands, while they are going. A resolution bas boen introduced in the Logistature of amd was, doub:leev, as naw to General P. as to hie | give some information. Yellow citivens. Why will Washington correspoa- dents persist in unnecessarily elongiting simple facts? From past experience, they certainly mast Virginia is determined to havo ber share, if possi- that Stato, asking for the distribution of the public domain for educational and internal improvement purpe'es. Virginia was one of the seven Scates that originally coded their jands to the government, with an express understandirg that they were to be used for the joint benefit of ali the States oom- posing the Union; and now, when Congress is en- geged in lavishly parcolling out this propsrty for prejects of every dessription, the Old Dominion is indisputably entitled to a band-ome slico thereof. A meeting of the citizens of Si Joha, New Brunswick, wa:to be held last Thuraday, for the purpore of consideriog the propriety of petitioning Her Moj:s'y’s government not to enter into any treaty obligations with this country respecting the fisherie: jout the express concarrence of the colonies. Would it not euit the incliaations of the eolonists better were they permitted to form trea- ties, aye, and act in all cases, for themeoires? Havirg occasionally “been invigorated with a breath of the pure air of freedom, as it ia wafted over from this side of the St Lawrence and the S:. Jobp, our ovloaial friends ero beginning te foal a detire to loosen the cords which bind there to their mother, a3 is pretty p'ataly evidenced by this move ment. England must-g-atify some of ‘tho whins of her new grown up chiiren, else thoy will leave the pateznal roof. Ban Jean was sottled by Spain, carly in the Fie, teenth century ; is was fortified by her m i665 ; aud by royal codule was created the por, of entry | on tho part of the United States, Mr. Olayton. Ir : know thet Ceneral Pierce will not publish any off. | for the provinee of Nicaragua, in 17%. Upon the | pisofticiad letter of Moy 7, 1950, he said:— oial despatches as" Presiden: until after his insugu- | Tevolution of 1828, it wae taker. possession #f by ration. Mr. Buster goes to Coneard, as thoussnds of others have gone before him wishin the past few the troogs of Nicarsgua, and #7 oeequenvty oxoupied | Grst B by the now republic ae ita principal Ariaatic port, fciond who desires to his | Without dirpate, until 1948. Early 4m that year it weeks, simply as a friar ny py vealed to ko Relon ‘naval peewee 1 pretence that it pertained to the Gominions ef the fantaetio Mosquito King, who, had beoome the stalking horse of Boglish Qosigns on Contral America. From that perfed uni) 1R50 it re- mained in Evglish hands— suet ia to say, it was under the mle aushoritysg of 9 personage styled the ‘ English Con: QA in Mesquite,” who comprised in bis OWN P: eraoy. all logislative and axe- cutive power—-who sold jands taritfe under the ¢/ mena’: zea!—also made general and Joca! regulatic ps—wes chicf of police, and, in short, general 2 ad a¥eolute diovater, from whose decrees there Wa aro yppeal Ho was eupported by a body of negrey podice frem Jamaica, and, ‘mort, generally, by *, Brisish verse! of war in the harbor. Bo things 1 maimed up to 1850, when the tide of emigration 'pegay to ‘low through Nicaragua ‘to Cal fornia. The persons concerned in the transit, and the pa’ #onge.rs reaching thore, found themselves annoyed ‘py oy pressive oustoms regulations, aod they begin ta'inquire by what authority they were im;osed. 16 was found that they had been pro mulgated by a percon styling himself ** Captain of the Poet,” rho, in turn, it was furthor ascer:ained, derived hie authority from the ‘ Bri:ish Congal ” Pase engserts rofnccd to pay this kind of piratical im- post, and troubles ensued, which led tho Koglish gowernarent, by an order from Downing street, to tevalio the anemalous tariff which was tho object of complaint To have continned it, would have pro ‘eoked too close an inquiry into the extent and na- A moat sanguinery conflict took pice yesterday | ture of Englieh relations on the Mosquito shore. at the Military Institute, at Frankfurt, Kentucky, between two cadote, named Ingram and Pumel. Moentime, San Juan had received a large incroase of foreign population, chiefly American. Ths new The sku!) of the former was ciefi with a hatchet, | Tesidonts began to look into the origin and nature of and the latter was shot througt thochest and lunge Tho rash young men are cennoctod with most re- spectable famBies. Four men, one o' them suegre, were killed by the | forco of the English infaence. Bat it soon took a | enabled, notwithstanding the unpropitious weather, | explosion of a boiler in a steemanill, at Wainosbo- | more decided form, ond the politic Consul ssught to | rough, N G., last Thursday. Owing to tho prevalence of ¢he yellow fover on beard of the schooner Cinera, bound from St Do- mingo to Beston, she was on Thursd+y forsed to pat into Holmes’ Holo. Tho mato and one seaman had died, and only tho captain ame one seaman were left able to ¢o-duty. Both Boards of Common Counci! mot yesterday evening, bet no business of public intercet was tranracted, and, at an early hour, they adjourned till Monday. Wo publish a full report of the Coroser’s inquest held yesterday upon tho body of Patrick Casey, fireman, who was killed upon tho 2tat, at Spayten- granting freo p ardcr@ to all those whe have Deen confined .n th prisons or exiled for poli- tical offences. “The / ustriars appear to be greatly alarmed st fhe uanexampled progres of the new French @ wperm, snd, it is said,-are actively preparing for a war. The prospect now is that there willbe @ flare-up cf sems kind in Europe, Defore agreat’whilc). Then look out for a general breaking up of the ld, rotten end imbecile systems ef despotism. Tie British were continuing their annexation opera’ fons ia India, and the Chinese re Deliton was us fiar from being quelled as ever. Money was in demand, and Awerican securities ware well eupported. At Liverpool, cotton had met with another-docline, end Lreaistufls had ad- vanced in price. Much saoxiety ‘was folt by the merchants on "change, yesterde iy, to learn the Canada’s news, and considerable diseppointmont wes felt at the inter- roption which |srevented its transmission. Trans- actions in four sand wheat were not very large, but prices were quite firm. Tho former advanced six and a querter cents per bairel. Canadian wheat, in Dond, was im good demand, with free sales, at full | Prices. Corm was without change, and cotton comperctively quiet. 4 From New Orleans we joarn that the steamer” Empire City bas arrived at that port, with a coniir- | mation of the ramor published in the Hunaup last Monday, that the British cruisers had, to some ox tent, been succes:ful in their endeavors to eheck the operations of slavors. Instead of the capture of only one verse] engagod in the unlawful traflic in human flech, as stated by our correspondent, the F.C. reports that the English frigate Vesta had reached Havana vith threo prirosin charge, one of which was the noterious schooner Venus. That this news pro- | @uced much -excitemens in Havana fs not to be won- dered at, especially when wo take inte consideration | the vain boasts of the government journals at that | place, some months ago, thatthe British and French fleets were concentrating in that neighborhood for the express gurpose of protecting the island from the incursions of filibuctero expeditions from the Btates. The Ouban authorities now find, to their | consternation, that what was then stated in this journal has literally come to pass. Fugland, how- ever, bas moro than one objcct in view. She well knows thst efter the slave trade has beon extia- grished, Spain will not long be able to retain pos pession of that ‘“brightert jewel in her crown.” When the explosion takes place, (ireat Britain will be found seady to grepple her slice of the fragments. The Cubcas aro beginning to comprehend thie move- meni. But the British vessels are not the only ones that are actively engaged in bringing to justice the un- lawful slave-treders.. From Port Praja we are ad- vised tbat the Amorican squadron bas been alao on | the alert, aed that Commodore Grogory had or- dered the rofeure, a8 a slaver, of the schooner Ad- vance, of New Orleans, w' was in port on the | 19th of Nevearbor. It was thought that sho would ] be tent to Baltimore, in charge of Sailing-master Walker. Let us hope that while they are ovcupied in thie lawdsble work, the naval powers of | Great Britain’ s0@ the United States will put an ef- | feotual gwictust to the bringing of negroos to this | continent. Ley\ the barbarous systom be abolished for over. Our epeeial W. Whington cerrerpondent st the negotiat 1 vr a treaty with Gr lative to the fisher: ee, reciprocity in trade, &, nesrly cencladed | wweon Minister Crampton end | Beere ary Everett, nd that the formor is now | awaiting instructions from London. It Is under stood that the Hudeon"s Boy Company have mana- ged to wring in their py tetended claims for possos sory righte in Grogon, w.Xioh gave ries to considera- ble divcussion seme four years ago. Should this claitn bave been guaranteed in the treaty, is is hardly proba'le thet the latter will ever be ap | proved. Under any circumetances, the labors of Ki care. Crampton and Biverett will not receive the | sacetion of the Benate daring the proont session We learn from our correspondent that there ie a | duyvil ereek In addition to. many advertisoments aad much other interesting matter, the reader will find in our inside pages a very interesting political letcer from New Hamprhire; the concluding chapter on the River Amevon and the Atlantic Slopes of South America ; Indignant Onslaught on Thackeray by the Baptist Organ ; the Policy of the United States with regard to Nicaragua; Mr Hall’s Lecture be- fore the Bloomfield (N. J ) Lyeoum ; the Doty Per- jury Cose in the Court of Seasione; the Vote for President in Kentucky and Georgia; Commercial Reports, &o. Chitstmas, A merry Christmas to all! The days have passed when the ‘‘yule log” used to erackle and b’aze in the spacious hearth, when each was required, ‘‘standing on its catre,” On his psalter to play ‘That eweet inck may Come while the log is a tendiug— when the triform Chistmas candles hurned ominous. | ly, none so bold as to provoke fate by souffing the heavy wick—when over the brim of the mighty was- tail bowl streamed the generous liquer, pregnant with kind)y feelings, wit and mirth—qhon the Ab- bet of Misrule or Unseavon mounted the threac of the revels, and all bowed to his sway, as ‘‘subtile disguisings, marks and mummeries’’ beguiled the | hours and established s eaturnalian democracy— | when grave judges and lawyers thought it no die- | @rnee to expend the your's revonue of theirIon ina masque, and exhibit their surprising agility in the dance before an admiring audience—when men of high degree, habited im green, yeliow, ‘“‘or some other light wanton coler,” gathered their good fel- | lows around them, and with “‘hobbie horses, dragons, and other antiques, together with their baudie pipers and thundering drommers,”* struck up the “‘Deville’s Danco,” on their way to chureb; all these quaint old customs are dead nnd buried, and wo, more’s the pity, can hardiy tell Christmas day from apy ether | Saturday. Wo have never revelicd in tho gentle li- | cense of the misletoe Even poor old Santa Claus is going out of fashion, nnd a few yeare honce little beys and girls will bo tooewise and too matter-of- fact to hang their stockings up ina corner, in hopes of a contribution from the friendly sprite. All the poetry of our ancestors is fast oozing out of our fia- gers’ ends, ae we turn over the pages of the ledger, or hurried)y ecunt a heap of greasy dellars A worry compensation is it, in truth, for the warm hearted, jovial merry Obristmas in olden time, that we should preserve @ ghastly remnant of their festivities for the birth of the New Year—that we should pay one hundred and thirty-two visits, make two hundred and sixty-four bows, and wish five hundred times ever the compliment: of the teecon, in tones fashionably modulated, and deoo- rously cold. Weare not in general of those who constantly deplore the ‘ good old times,” nor are we slowto perceive our own immenss superiority in most matters over our ancestors; but thero wasn gonial warmth acd broadmanliness in their Christmae observances, for which wowou!d willingly oxchaage the stifi conventionalitios and formal propricties of our day. We envy the chorus of old men and young, matrons and maidens, who could carol in right good earnest round the fire— Without the cold let sorrow tie, Ana if for ccld tt bap to die, We'll bury "tim a Ubristaas ple, And evermore be merry Stil, it le perbeps but the outer man-—the bark— that has changed. Letus not think tha! iawerdly we are less warm, loss kind)y disposed to the poor, | tban in those daye when all wore weloomed to » Vlace round the hearth, or a stool at the groaning table. The large hospitality of the Moglish barons, “who seorred to bo guilty of sterving a mouse,” has, we protume, long since diod out; bat many « rich man amor > We feel arsured, will not allow this evening’s enn to net without contribeting some thing to relieve the thousands and thousands of poor, in whose homes The fire is low. paawe the keen winds blow, # orld Ugether and ¢ivpoaition among Cor gresemon to oall upon Pres! ext Pulmores for informatian rempesting the move | mente of tes Pench In Bones. This affair wit | evden’) Nope ferity 5 qqaitesn “at bo“aee | | ing done Few will close their eyes this n KYL without hev romething to ensble the poor man, the widow, the orpban, to enjoy s beppy and o merry their government, and talked of suporsoding it by ove having asounder and moro legitimate basis. This movement was at first discouraged by the whole direct and control, what he could no longer oppose. In consequence, s call for a public moeting was is- sued, tigned by James Green, Her Britannic Majes ty’ acting sgent and Consul Genoral, tor the par pose of organizing atown government. A con:ri- tution, eo called, wasdrawn up, providing for the election of a council t composed of five alder- men, of which “‘ she agent of His Mosquito Msjosty,” who, bo it always romembered, is Aer Britanaic Moajeaty’s Conenl Gonsral—was to be, ex officio, the presiding officer. This council was invested with certain legislative and judicial fauctions, and in the latter opacity was called the King’s Court. That is to say, chis constitution was foamed with some direct and mony implied recognitions of the Morquito King, and of the British saper jarisdistion, in tho pereon of the British Consul General. Ic was dated April 15, 1851—more than nine months after the promuigation of the Clayton and Bulwer treaty, whereby the United States and Great Britain agreed to neither “‘ oecupy, fortify, or colonize, or asexme or oxeraiso any dominion over Nicaragua, tho Mos- quito shore, or any part of Central Ameriea.”” Boon aiter the organization of this new local government, the City Council, or rather tho Britieh Consul aeting through it, instituted a series of port ekasges, although the port was actually in a state of nature, and had been in ne wise artifeisily im- proved. An Amerioan passenger steamer refused to rubmit to this imposition, and was fired on bya British verse) of ear~thointerpesition of which had been solicited, and by whom! Hor Britannie Ma- jesty’s Conaul General! The ast, when brought be. fore the British government, was disavowed, and there the matter ended. Bubsequentiy, the impression becams general amongst the people of San Juan that all this juggle of @ constitution was intended to obtain from them a recoguition of the fictitious Mosquito au- thority, theough which England sought to obtain permanent footing in the country. ognizing the Nicarsgus title te the port as the only valid one, they, in consequence, called & public meeting on the 28th of February last (1852), when the fol- lowing reso!utione were adopted: Rerolved. That whereas we. the citizens of San Jann de Nicategua, being desirous to secure for ourselver the hber' y and protec ion te our persons and our interests to whieh we sre «ntided. and desirmg a goverament in and our proporty wi)! be prorected; and tecling that action OB CUF Part is Called for to obtain those privileges which We do not now posters we do therefore rerolve to appoint and delegate rvch citizens es we bave confidence in. to pronerd to the ca) i'al ofthe State of Nicaragua. to treat vn Degotiate with the government of said State fora chorser of xecrporation. giving and granting to us such powers and privileges es may enable us to establish a gov- | ernment and elect sueh cflicers as may rightfally an properly eominister such laws and ordinances as may b us be enacted Resolved, That the chairman sppolwt fiftean delegates t peste to the ceptial of Nicaragua tor the purp so of cbtaiping from that government a charter empowering the citivens of San Juan to estabiish a free port, and a territerial and local government. Now, these facte being premised, we can under- stand the action of the Nicaragua government, an- ncunced in the letter of our San Juan correspondent, published in the Henain of Thursday. The State of has created that port and ite depondencios « distinet department, with the privilege of ‘raming and exer- cising ite own municipal government, and of sending two representatives to the General Assembly of the State Wo have every reason for believing this in- formation to be correct, nnd feel confident that the dially reciproented by the people of San Jaan, who, ono year ago, a2 We have seen, formally invited the very measure which bas now taken placo. And hero wen do Nicaragus the justice to fay, that she bas always been disposed to concede the privileges of a free port toSan Jaan Sho, in constituted it such ia the treaty concladed in isi, by Mr Squier That treaty provided not ouly that San Juan ahould be a free port, but that all the other ports of the republic should be open to our commerce, in the folowing terms :— Article XXXV —It fe etlpwlated by and betwoon the Ligh conizacting partica that the citizens, veeseis. aud | Merebundire of the United States, shail emjoy in all the vorts and barbors of Nicaragua, upon bo'h oseans al exemption from all anges, vOntAge oF en duties, or any other similar charges now ich may bereafter be eetablished. in manos t Sf said ports had heen deolated free ports ete , ute, Although this troaty mot the approval of ( Taylor, aud was sont to the Senate for ite approval, it was suffocated thero by bis successor, Qoting un- der Bnglich instigation. And now it is qaostiona- ble, after the government of this country has lont itself tu a achome for the dismomberment of Niowra- gua, if we chall again bo able to scouro #0 liberal concessions for our commerce Our San Juan correspondent etates that some { movement eeema to be on foot for the entire dis. | Placement of tho #0 called Mosquitian authority, al- | though ho fs not aware of its charactor. Priva and promulgated | iy. Morquito coast, and put an ond to the harlequin which we roll be represented and by which our pursons | Nicaragua, whose title to San Juan is indisputable, | liverality of the Nicaraguan government will be cor- | | endurazce ising herself with the United | before gun yas compromising penta e wibo Brates. Upon this point we have, fortunately, the explicit authority of the nogotiator of that treaty ifeation of this treaty, the protect: wie peeostis the Meequire shore will be red et shadow, “etal nomines umbra;” for she cea n° y. fortify or colonize. BaF domia! Binge ote euaean To atiemps 0 do ei » thangs ef rotvflostions. would } Bp hgh Be rupture with the United State” “Re the terme of the a a party cam PFO’ 46 te Ooonpy, nor occupy Crest Britain is tbitefore bound, hand and foot, by the United Sates; and being unable to interfers in bi half of the monarehy whiok she invented, the rrsult 3 Vaevitable Nicyregua and the States seoociated with her have aright, at any moment they may seo fit, to oesupy + stthor en. ¢ M@@ OF cont: eet TS ential Amorios, ado which has been carried on there, to their iojary apd the disgrace of the age. The re-oceupation wil be effeoted with a full appreciation of the altored condition of San Juan, and with deferonco to the feclings and wants of its people. They will consti- tuto an independent and free municipality, with the tole reservation of Nicaraguan sovereignty. They will be exempt from military servieo, from State taxation, and Tree to organise gourts, and regulate their own sffuire in accordance with their own sonti ments and interests. Ai thus appears that the affairs of Nicaragua, and what is called the Mosquito question, are of easy B0- Jntion, provided Eng)and is kept from intermeddling, and held to a strict observance of tho treaty already referred to. And this observance the Unised States ia bound torequire from her. If she iaterfores, ia the lapguago of Mr. Clayton, ‘‘it will inevitably produce a rupture with the United States.” The Debate in the Senate—Spesches of Ma- son and Cass on the Proposed Tripartite Teaty, Of the hundreds of thousands of Amerioan citi- | zens who have read the rpeeches delivered by Mesers Maton and Cass, on Thursday, an immense moejority will give their hearty assost io many of tho prineiplos laid down by tho orators. The great | mass of the Ameriean people are ready, with Mr. | Mason, “to frown down indignantly any attempt to wrest from Spain, by violence, any pertion of hor lawful poseessions ;” and also to say with Mr. Cass, that no one in their day shall set a bound te an- nexation. Nothing is better understood in this country than the gradual and inevitable absorption of all che minor Szates of the continen’ into the Union ; but, at the same time, no people on the facoof the globes have a keenor senso of national honor, or » more religious rospect for the rights of | foreign nations, than ourselves. These priaciples | are a tource of much confusion abroad. People in | Paris or London cannot distinguish lawlose aggros- sion and uwoprincipled greed of territory, from the honorable and peaceful admizsion of new States into our confederacy ; they confound Lopez with the President of the republic, and imagine tnt all tho wealth, talent, and respec:ability of the United States are enrolled in the filibustero ate >ciations Ifwe declare that we hope to sce Mexico and Cu- ba incorporated in the Union, foreigners at once ex- claim that we sre destitute of principle, and disre- gard tho rights of others ; whereas, in point of fact, this nation has nevor, in a single instance, followed the exemple of rapacity set her by the mother coun- try, and other European powere. What we possess, | we have obtained honostly ; and we intend, by the blessing of God, to expand and extend our territory in every possible direction, by the same means. It | would be well if our neighbors could say as much. | For our own pars, we have occasionally devoted a | | brief space to the exposure of the fallacios which | appear to prevail in England and elsewhere, on this | sutjoct ; but we question whether they are worth the ponderous artillery which Mr. Casa brought to boar on them. Jt is perfectly well known thet Englisbinen do not understand our institutions or | the genius of our people; cui bono, punish their blunders, which are really amusing, with a volley of hard werds 1 Whet matters it that the London Sun, or the Chronicle, or the Britannia, or any other two penny newrpaper, should condesoond to abuse ust The wound is not fatal, and the objest | of the writer is completely attained when he has | been noticed in the American Sonate. We are roally | | worry that General Cass should have thought it | worth whilo to refer to the Woman’s Rights Con- vention, recently held in J.ondon, and to occupy the | | attention of the Senate with = review of what the | Duchess of Sutherland, or any other Eoglish Mrs. Oakes Smith might think fit tosay. Miss Pauline Davis, or Mrs. Luoretia Mott, would have beea more appropriate champions of America in such an encoun- ter | Butif the gallant General wasted his powder and | | ehot on Jondon editors and the bollor of Almack’s, | | it waw not till after he had oxpressed his concur. | | rence in Mr Mason’s strictures om that portion of | | the Pecvident’s Mogsago which refors te Cuba. We question if the history of the civilized world over | afforded ® more astonishing exazmplo of impudenos | than the proposal of Franee and England that we | should pledge ourselves not to interfore with Cuba | They askod us to renounce all views upon the island, | | well knowing that it had boon the settled policy of | | this country, for thirty yoars, to obtain it if poxsible. They offored to giro use pledge of non-interference, | | woll knowing the while that wo should prevent any | | intervention on their part, if it cost ms the last drop | | of our blood. It was aftor a careful examion | tion of the rolative position of the United | | Btates and Cuba—when both foreiga powors | | were thorovghly convinced of the vital importance of tho ieland to this country—-whon it was notorious | | that every cubinet, from Monroe to Taylor, had soen | the necessity of acquiring it~that Eagland and | France deliberately proposed that we should come | forward tpontancously and give a bond that we | would not anrex it ifan opportunity offered. The | impertinence of the proposal was indoed warranted | by the tpiritlees pusillanimity of our cabinet. One onn hardly tell which to admire most, Sir Hoary | Balwer’e brazen effiontery, or Mr. Filliaore’s meok It is eatisfactory to know that Amorica has othor | Sons. who will not fear to proclaim her intontions ia the teoth of the whole world—mon who are equally prepsred to aroure the country from thoir seats in Oorgroes, in defence of the immortal Monroe dos- tine, and to repel @ foreign foe on the field of battle. With soch men America neod fear nothing. TLis contixent must and shal! bo ours. Macazinns.—-Tt was not within the scope of our | editorial leson this subject, which sppearod in Josterday’s Axratn, to enumorate all those peri- od'cals which merit more particular commendation, and which, therefore, rank high im the popular ortt- | motion. If it had been, we should have had too long | a listto give. But, as wo did mention a few of | them, it might appeer invidious in us to havo omitted the rame of one which staads equally high, in point of talent and popularity, nawely: Gea hom’s, @ publication which is conducted with groat letters from the seat of government tapply the de ficiency. The States of Nicaragua, Hondaras, and Fan Salvador, having vulniy attempted to organize } & lepab rep Lary ave qudor vonseration | ppirit and ability, and well deserves tho patronage read@ , in as brief a spaco ax the im- ataudittepeo negoti ‘thie time, for public consiiontens re prosented at If the work should be done under the Srat spectt- The government reserved thr Proprictozship, upon repo sfight offasinming the But it oxpressly deni -stent of cost and interest. it aesigr «a any responsibility, mor doce a- aaything mare to the contractors than the amon BRE } Revenues veforrad to, Under tho hosd of the cnndi*tons tobe complied’ an | with by the bidders ocour some very peculiar fea- snd that in the meantian "49 gortont | yurea It in. prosribed The” biddore thal delay whether the companies which they represent are composed of Mexicans or foreiguers, or bo h, and the mixed company aball no: be permittod to trans- Sivan. tye subject, we desire to place | for ite rights to foreigners, vor shall the Mexican y be permitted to admit foreigners, nor give. mn will pormit, a sketch of the | them any rights by lien, or any control in the ade ministration of the enterprise The government re-- serves the right to regulate. and even to interdict, The motives which induced Mexico to violate the any trade through the isthmus porta with the inte- terms of her own contract, without offering to the parties aggrioved any indemnity whatever, must be of a most momentous character. They are com- | employe rior. The comtractors are required to give free traneportation to the troops of the republic er ite aad to trangport at reduced rates arms Jarisdiction is re- - Pounded of avarice and jealousy The Garay grant | and offects of the government was extolled by the partics interested as perbaps | served over the entorprice aod all questione ef liti- more valuablo then it real'y is, and Mexteo experi: | gation arising in covnection with ft. Tae parties. «need regret at seeing a property so valuable in the | interested are required to sabmit themselves, in all hands of others. Her Britich friends hastened to | shat rolates to the enterpries, to the Mezioan laws. enoouroge her disposition to recall the grant, 92d | The government reserves » ooveurrent control over to insiaaato that the ropublie of tho North would | tho acquisition and transfer of stock. It reserves wake it tho pretext for occupying her territory and | ono. third of the stock subsoribed. The government extinguishing ber nationality. Added to this, thore grants froo transportation to all nations, “ambjoct to was no laok of othor jeslousies, from various causes, | syoh restrictions as it sbull think propar to im- ratural to, the fact that of sll the routes tothe | poss”? ‘The contractors may frano the tanff of Pacific none eould compaxe in shortnoss with the | charges, subject te the approval of the govern- Tebuantepec. mont, ‘but in this tariff shall not bo in- Whilat some of these iaftuences have endeavored | giyded Guy additional imposts upon merchandise to purruade Mexico thet the passags was too valav- | o- paseengers which the government shall think ble to be surrendered without a struggle, otbors Proper to impose.” The government engages not havo given assurance that the governmont of the | to impose any contribution (or forced loan) upon United Ststes would nover push matters to extromi- | the enterprise, ‘‘but it will have power to impose ties. an additional duty, on a!l merchandise and passen- It is, without question, a subject worthy of na- gers, that shall not exceed one roal, which tax tional contest. Nor do oursory observers poreeive | wi) belong oxclusively to the government.” The the very momentous consequences which hang upon | government aske that the contractor will say what ita decision. To Moxico it imparts the right to make additional duties on morchandise, or what per revenuo of the American people passing through | eentage on produce transp»rted, ho will permit the this portion of her territory—to the Amoerican | government to charge. As the expiration of the government and poople the right of exemption from | term, or upon the discretion reserved by the govern- | beon complete. paesports and taxation, in their journey from ono Btate to another. * We have no doubt when the grant was made to whioh it was made. Land could not be valuable in a country where the population is sparse,and nci-her culture. The grant of land, ther-fore, large as it money. But the discovery of gold lent a new value to every way of communication with California This valuo was eminently dus to Amerioan enter- prise; and when the numbers and values passing be tween tke Atlantic and Pac'fic States are considered, the temptation of grasping again a property so much appresiated, might have beon too strong for a people making higher pretensions to national integ- rity than tho republic of Mexico. difficulties of overland communication with the Pacifis coast, and of the importance of securing adequate ingress and ogress to any possessions we might acquire. It had consulted the beat googra- phical authorities, and concluded that the crossing of Tehuantepec would prove the most suitabie. Bat many diffioultics intervened. The history of the preliminary nogotiations show that Mexioo was jealous of any American transit throngh her tersitory, and she hes even tram- melled the route of the Gila with certain rights of “ agroemont,”” on her part, which must constitute a difficulty in establishing any way of communication along that river. The domand made by the American Commissioner, for the right of free way across Tehuantepec, was met with the assurance that the title wos outstanding in the sub- eote of a foreign country, and the respect of the American Commissioner for private rights induced him to withdraw tho demand. There haa been an argument mado by the Mexi- can Minister of State, to prove that the Mexican | government did not acknowledge the validity of the right of way in foreign hands, but roferred to some transfer of the lends granted by tho same instru- ment—but this is @ more subterfuge. The govern ment of the United States did not ask for land, but fora right of way, and, in conseqgence of the Mexi- can etatoment, withdrew the domand. It is cloar that the mere proprietary rights of the foreigners in the land would not have affected tho jurisdiction of Mexioo over the right of way; nor could the ownor- thipof the land have suggested anything to tho United States, if the politionl immunities sought by herhad been granted. But the validity of the grant has been subsequently acknowledged by the Mexican government, even in American hinds. The New Orleans company received passports for the purpose for which they were sent to the Isth- mus. They remained there for six months, pub licly engaged in making a survey of location for » railroad, and were expressly ordered away by the government, in pursuance of tho resolution of Con- gress annulling the title under which thoy wore employed. Tho Mexican government next proceedod to ex- clude the holdore of the grant, by offering a tight of way adequate to public oconveafense. Bhe gave assurance to the American government that sho would grant substantially to others the same public rights she had accorded to Garay. The American people were of course comparatively indifferent to the party who should opon the way, and waited with exomplary pationce for the fulfil- ment of the very philanthropic profession of the Moxican government. Our very enterprising fellow citizen, Mr. Sloo, made an application for the grant, | and the public wore amused with the assurance that he had succeeded. We boliove he came once within about one word of getting it. What that word was wo never knew, but presume it was as near matrimony that his mistross enid ‘ no,” whereas if she had said “yes,” his happiress had But Mr. Sloo was destined to dis- appointment, The Mexican government was itself embarrassod Congross having no confidence in the executive, specified by law the terms upon which any grant should bo made daring the recess. The conditions of this specification showed that Mexico would never repoat the error of her grant to Garay. It affirmed hor unqualified sovercigaty ovor the Tethmus; gave a preference to any Mexican bidders; required that foreign nations should guaranteo the neutrality of the Isthmus in time of war; and for- rate for the ofliciale, troops, and property of the re- in the guarantee to an sdditiozal tax of one fourth upon the tariff rates. I: also required that any foreigner acquiring the right should become in ef- fect » Mexican citizen, and gavo cortain privilegos to mail steamers carrying the Mexican flag, the of feet of which would be to add thom to the Mexican bavy- Under these restrictions, the government embark ed ina stormy negotiation with the various appli- cunts for the privilege. On the 29h of Jaly last, the Mexican minister published the terms upon which proposals to oonstruct the way of communi- cation wore wanted. The method of construction wad specified as follows :—~ 1, An engagement to do the work for a fixed it enjoys. i rad (hak the Indive yee ss a1 pooyaring eortai a tie eet, uel ab Vheree. | price. 2 An engagement to do the work for what it may | dear bought purchase, The administration of Nr. Polk was aware of the | jiperal description, ment, the whole work wili come into ita poss2ssion, without any restriction whatsoever. From the terms of this prop sal, it ie evident that Garey it was wholly inadequate to the purpose for | Mexico looked to the tax upon the people, produce, acd merchandise of the United Siates, as a rich fouree of revenue. Sho asserts the right to impose necessity nor reward etimulates the pucsuite of agri- | dutios upon these subjects, avd provides for throw- ing off oven the flimsy and se!f imposed restrictions may ostensibly seem, furnished no moans of making | which she hes dictated. Bat there wae no isposi- a way of communiestion that omphatically required | tion of tho contract under th-s2 ciroumstancss. Tho cabinet having been dispersed, the committee to whieh the subject had neen referred refased to act, and tho government remitted the subject to Con- grers, which, according to the latest advices, had roported a bill granting the contract te » company exolusively composed of Mexicans Tho rights guaranteed by the Garay grant te the American people, in com non with other na- tions in amity with Mexico, are of the most and contrast strongly with the exactions and restrictions of the oontraets now of-, fored. Under the Garay grant our citizens will have a right of transit across the Isthzans, free from avy tonnage duties in tho terminal ports, and from any tux, parsport, or contribation whatever. They will be as free to cross the Is:hmus ag any State of the Union. Besides, the government of the United States may transport its munitions and troops to Catifornis without o special permission, and without any other thai a agreed upon with the company. Again,. the grant is the property of American citizens, ané no other nation will havo any reason for invervonieg. to guarantee its noutraliry It is thus exempt from the great embarrassment which arose from the treaty of Mr. Ciayton with Groat Britain, im regard to Nicaragua, and we trast our govern- ment will profit by the example of the pass, and de- Cline avy foreign intervevtion in tho affairs of Cen- tral America. England has negotiated for a right of way across Suez without our intervening in any manner, and we cannot see why she should inter meddle in the negotiation to which we have re- publio; and subjected any nation which would notjoin | not respert her own ¢ mvenants, and will forred. The value of a comparatively domestic way of communication with our Pacific States ought to commend itself to those politicians who have such » salutary dread of fillibustcrism So long a5 Ameri- can citizens must touch at Cuba, or any of the Eu- ropean dependencies in the West Indies, > long will” difficulties continually ocour. The repabtiean then, for the first time, comes in contact with forme of de- tpotism. Every regulation excites his wrath or his ridjowle. He will not submit to the pettiest exac- tion without an exp'anatiop, nor will he pay that respect te official arrogence to whieh i; is aceus- tomed. It is plain that the bost way to avoid a collision would be to provide a route of iatercem- | their engiceors and agents, with a full kaowledge of | manication more within oar own eoutrol Upon the importance of keep'ng, in case of war, our own people and property under the protection. of our own defenses, it is unnecessary to ealarge. Enough has been published to show the commereia? and political advantages of the Tok nantopee eross- ing to the American people The action of the Senate of the United States will be of the most im- portant eharacter. This right of way, ac we have shown, was a primary object with eur govoroment during the war with Mexico. It wae regarded as an- indispensable incident to the acquisition o° Pacific territory, and our Commissioner wae authorized to offer for it a sum as large a2 the purchase of Califor nis. Jt ie natural that the government should attach enhanced value to it at present. The iden tieal title plead by Mexioo asa bar to negotiation. has been acquired by Aworican citizens, and by on- foreing the rights of these citizens this great na- tiowal object can be attained. If those rights shall be broken down, the sommuniocation becomor a sub- ject of revenue to Mexico and her creditors, aad every obstacle which rapacious jealousy can impose isestablished. Moxico will organize & smonopoly, monr successyasthe young gentleman who was so and esl ugon Europe to quarantes it. There can be no question of the power of the gov- ernment to demand from Moxicosatisfaction for anact of positive epolistion inflicted upon our citions, more especially when all the attondant circumstances show thet their nationality has been the cause of the injustice done thom. Te confiscation of righte in American hands, spocialiy recognized ae valid im the hands of British eubjects, is inconsistent with the courtesy which should exist botwoen nations having treaty relations of an amicable obaracter. The report and resolutions now pending bofore the: Senate de not, however, propese to cnvorce the rights of the elatmants by putting and maintaiaing, bid tho transportation of avy troops or munitions of | them in actual posecesion; bu’ the resolations oon- war across the Isthmus, without a special order of template an alternative of more importince to the the Mexican government; reserved the right of | United States and Mexico than the mere poouniary framing the tariff of transportation, with a reduced | yalue of the grant. They contemplate the termina- tion of treaty relations with Mexico, becwuse she will not Keey faith with others. Wo hsve no hesitation in saying that such» resalt would be highly advantageous to the United States Tho troaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo contains previ- tions of the most extraordinary character—the ex» clusion of the United States from any route of eom~ munication with Oaliforcie through Moxieo, even to. & limitation of the right of way upon the Ameriean side of » portion of the common boundary, The obligation to “restrain or prevent” the Tudians from: plundering along ® lino nearly cightoon hundred wiles in extent, it another feature in this selebrated. treaty. These imprudent provisions, fitter to have been dicimted to a conqnered prople than to armed. men whose triumphant benner floated nbove them, Would havo rendered New Moxieo and California a and but for the dissovery of td bombabig vonuragtos would hayp taken tho