The New York Herald Newspaper, December 21, 1852, Page 8

NEW YORK HERALD. JANES GORDON RESNE PROPRIBTOR AND BDITO Srrics KR. W. CORNER OF FULTON ANP NASSAU STS Y HERALD. cwery a a@nanm; the Buropean 4 per an- eer Britare and &b to amy pastes Great (4s the I ENCE containing imper= RY CORRE! f ven rn {fore Oyu Foarion CORRESPONDENTS Lerress w Son-—Tae PB tes: THRATRE, Bowery, Hesnew BROADWAY THRATRE, Brcadway.—Tus Prar—Man- Sm ann Serrumm WIBIO'S.— Surraxe—s cur oy Akva~Kareenixe amp Peravcnio. BURTON'S TORATRE, Chambers stroet--Loxnos axp Pasw- Owe Teovsaso Miciinens Warren, NAL TARATRE, Chatham street—Eva. run ween Qin To.t Hover--Ovnaxe Ovrawo, jase WALLACK'A THURATRE. Sroadway.--fus Sroors to Conqven —Bons @> Goon Leen. WHITES THEATRE OF VARIRTIES, 17 and 19 Bove- se —Tare nee ~Misowse ro seeea~Kovywian Bor, AMERICAN MUSRUM-~ Afternoon ~Uszp Ur. Evening —Peney Tereves Ceree MELLER'S SALOON, \Y Brosdway—Nichomaror, GRORAMA, 696 Brosdway—Banvakv's Parenana ov ‘Fea Mory Lawn. CHRISTY OPERA HOUSE, 472 Broadway—Brmiovras Mrmorsciey wy Cunsery's Miverarie. WOOD'S MINSTRELS, Wood's Musical ial, 444 Broad- way. —Ermorias MivstRrisy CIRODE, W Bowery.—Kaussraian Rurxarannucnrs. Matls for Europe. THE NEW YORK WEEKLY HERALD. The Cunard steamship Niogara, Oaptain Stone, will Weve Boston at noon on Wednesday, for Halifax aad Ltverpool. Bubreriptions end advertiser ments tor suy edition o! the Mew York Huns will be recetved at the following plaoce — B. Benford & Oo., London. William Thomas & Co , 19 snd 21 Catherine streot Livingeton, Wells & Co , Paris. B.H. Revoil, 17 Rue dv ls Banque. ‘The European mails will close in this elty at one a Maree o'clock this afternocm, The Weexiy Henan will be” publiched at half-past mine ‘tock this morn ing. Bingic copter, in wrappers, pence. The News, ‘The mojority of readers will regret to learn that the continned ill state of the Hon. W. R King’s health has compel’ed him to resign his post as Fresidext of the United States Senate, under the hope that a temporary respite from labor may ro- store his enfeebled constitution. Out special cor- respondent writes that the symptoms in tho veno- rable Sevator’s care, though far more aggravated, aro very similar to those of the late Mr. Clay, and that upless a change for the better shall speedily take place he cannot survive. For the present, he has been relieved from active duty by the election ef Mr. Atchison, of Missoari, as President of the Benste, in whom the intercsts of tho South aad West are concevtrated Should our country be so | wnfertunste asto lose Mr. King, cepocially before the counting of the y cast by the electors for President und Vico President, a curious question will arise as to who will be called to tho oilice of Vieo President. No similar case having ever before happened, we elsowhere give our views ut Jength os to the manner in which the atfuir will pro- bably be settled. Nearly the whole of yesterday was spent by the United States Senate in debating the claime of | Messrs. Dixun und Merriwether to the coat for Ken- tucky. The dispute was finally dovided by a vote of twenty-seven to sixteen, declaring that Mr. D. had been duly elected by the Kentucky Legislature to fill the vacaney occasioned by the prospective resignation of Mr. Clay, prior to hisdeath. As a Jarge majority of Senator: aze pelitionlly opposed to Mr Dixon, this decision may be looked upon as a Virtual settlement of all cases of the kind that heresfler arive. It is, without doubt, in strict ao- cordance with the letter of the covsti‘ution, as we have hitherto shorn Bat little was done in the House of Represonta- tives yesterday. After a protracted and aninterest ing debate, the proposition to appoint a gereral committee of fifteen, on private claims, was rejected. Seme of the members very truly remarked that there were alroady facilitios enowgh for getting money out of the treasury, without passing auy measure of this kind. This being the case, why do not the more sensible portion of our Conzressmen endeavor to push along the necesvary business of the government, instead of dillydallying during the long seseions, in order that they and their col- lesgnes may draw all they can out of the public crib, at the rate of eight dollars per | diem each? If they sre so very sensitive about the improper withdrawal of the national funds, why do they not pass a bill giving each Congressman a stipulated ameunt per year for his services? The passage ofa measure of this kind would have the effect of not only sendivg the most honorable and enlighte: ed men to Washington, but would also cause the work of the national legieisture to be transacted in proper season. It is not probable that we should then hear ef the enactment of any imps~ ievs appropriation bills, simailarto that which osused the suspension ef the survey of the Mexioun boundary. Mr. Ewing submitted a proportion ts amend the constitution with regard to the seleotion of Presidentiol electors, eo that, with the exception of those for the Btate at large, one should be chosen i each Congreszioual district, instead of, as uo, in @ bodyland by the State ot large. Our special correspondent mentions that it w& pretty well understood that the majority of Con greeemen are irdispoted to grant any outi'e for foreign rslestonr until towards the close of the vos tion; neiiuer will they be likely to pass ov that wi ate w board of eommissiouers. In short oil they are rined \o reserve all executive pa trove y posibly oan, in order that it may ve fairly divided among tho victors by General Pierce Well, there ts nething like prope:ly providing for one's own family Under the telegraphic heal will be found a of # beautiful address delivered by General ree to the chiléren in one of the South Soston schools. Although tho avoount of the a ¥ brief, it will be seen that this op ted to make owing and benef pression upon the m\uds of the juveniles » 80 fortunate as te hear Late accounts from Key Wout sonounce that sli the j«rsone who werg indi for baving dow the property of Spanieh residents during is ox t in | were | Tehuantepec resolutions Benate at an early day, and that it is they will pees, as amended by Mr. large vote. Should this prove correct, poor will, most undoubtedly, either be compelled to ful- fil her obligations to the letter, or elo fight. As abe has already o sufficiont amount of fighting to Tragedy raf ene | do within her own Mmits, it is probable that she will prefor making good hor long evaded promites, Her existence 22 & republic is fast approaching a erlais. The Goverrer and Council of Maseachusetis were yeaterday evgoged in counting the votes for State Nenators. It is underetood that there will be twon- ty-two vacancies, ovly eighteen candidates having been clooted, cight of whom are ooalitionists and the remainder whigs Ten per conten tho propesed espital of eight willions of dollare has been subscribed and paid in for the purpose of coustructing @ railroad between Rochester and Troy Nothing of importance transpired in the Board of Aldermen last evening, beyond what is furnished in the cfficiat report of the procecdings, published elsowhere. In the Board of Assistants a warm de- bate took plave on the subject of the Ninth Avenue Railroad, full particulars of which have been far- nished by our special reporter. The railroad mania appears to be increasing. e Last evening a lecture was given at Clinton Hall, on the ** Progress of Bmpire i. Anciont and Modern ‘Limee,” by Col JobnL Dorrance, who sketohed the | leading events in the history of ancient and modern natione, beginning with the Jews and ending with the United States. Professor O'mstead celivered a highly Interesting looturo yesterday evening, at the Broadway Tabor- raclo, on the “ Survey of the Starry Heavens,” for which see our report. A banner presentation to the Forty-seventh caap- terO U.A took place last evening, at the Hope Chapel. An sddress was delivered on the prin- ciples ef the order, for which soe report elsewhere. Inthe Court of Sessions, yesterday, the oase of W. M. Doty, charged with purjury in the Forrest Divorce Case, was appointed to be tried on Thurs- day, the motion to postpone till next Term being deviod. We are compelled to defer our report of the argument. We annex a brief synopsis of the contents of our | inside pages this morning:—Very Interesting Intel- | ligence from Baenos Ayres, giving an account of | the condition of the Plate Provinces, the Openiog of the River Parana to All Nations, the Intentions of Gen. Urquiza, &e ; also, Opinions of the Havana | Press on President Fillmore’s Mossag?; New Com- | mercial Arrangements in Cuba; the Lumber Tra:le | of Albany; Several Letters from Diplometists Con- cerning the Expenses of Living Abroad; Commer- cial Reports; Theatrieai Netioes; Advertisements, &o., Ke. aS | we #Iancial, Social, aud Political Con- | @itzon of the Old and New World. | The closer the view we take of Europe, the less | promise of stability do her political instiutionshold | out, and the more marked the distinction between our condition and hers. There, all is transition, | from Lisbon to St. Pctersburg. No government | whose existence it would bo prudent to ensure for twenty years—no dynasty whose name has taken root in the minds of its subjects—no people which docs net look forward ardently to a new ani a bet- ter form of government, can be pointed out on the map. All is unocertainty—precipice. The seed ecaitered on the wind in 1769—trodden under foot by the iron heel of Napoleon— sti'l farther crushod by his combined conquerors—began, in spite of all, to germ in 1848, and is now pushing vigorously in search of a nook or oranny through which it can penetrate to the broad day. Ontwardly, it would seem that the popular party in Durope bas gaincd nothing by the movements of 1848; wherever we look, the reaction appears more vigorous and complete than ihe advanee. Bat, in reslity, ‘Like the victories of Pyrrhus in Italy, the triimphs of monarchs over their subjects are esarcely loss pre- | judicial to the former than defeata. Each success e retrograde step is but a iruce, which affords time to the popular party to regain strength and | courage, and prepares them for a new strugglo, more dyspetate than the Jest. Existing governments are acespted and tolerated as make-shifts, holding out # feir promise of a brief tranquillity aud s flourish- ing trade; but so soon as nations have recovered from the exheustion of the last conflict, and fatten- edonthe substantial dencfits of peace, the baitle will be renewed with more energy than ever. This manifest insisvility is the marked charac- terietic of all tho politioal institutions of oomti- nental Ewrope. It is equally obvious in the imperial government of France aad the constitutional au- thorities of Prasiia. Whether the whole nation torpidly resigns itself into the haads of a single | wan, or whether the republican party, with more | temper than discretion, refuses to exercise any po- | litieal rights whatever under a constitution which it | doea not appreve, the prospects of the government | seem the samo. Tho Gespotiom of Austria and the snaeby of the German States reveal it in equally | broad outlines. Political Karope is seated on a mine, which will certainly explode, sooner or later There are some who expect that this explosiun, when it does come, will apreet society, from the hovel to the throne. They tell us that we must expect a rocial revolution—ovorturniog religion, wealth, femily, aud all the existixg forms of society. We do not believe it @ any signs of instability in the | social insiitutions of Europo We do not resognize any rymptoms of a change ia the religious opinions of the uations on the Continent. We porovive no | trustworthy tokens of the rpread of Protestantism | in France, or even of the eheck vf infidelity. Aus tria amd Italy are se thoroughly Catholic to-day as they were sexiusies ago. Neither the Catholics | uer the Fvangelicals of Prussia have gained by the recent wcrvments, or the new constitution. Lonis | Napoleon may, ‘vx political purposes, enlist the j Jesuits and the Bishops on his side; bat he is far too shrewd a potentate not te throw them overboard as coon as they heve served his ends. Like his pre- * decostor, Louis XIV , though from different motives, | he may set the fashion of religion for « while; but | We see net ® trace ef the smallest chouge in the | Teal feelings of France on the subject. Whatever rovelutions await kings and governments, nothing ‘ends te show that religion will lose er gain by the change. Nor de we anticipate any decided alteration in the sooisl! relations of the different classes into whieb | Envepesn society is divided. Here and there a | family expiste their sttechmen) to their sovercign with the loss of their fortune and their ies; bus the broad lines whied divide the to he prodélaire, ave still aa well deiined | aa under the old regime, For a brief period of | trepeltion feom one form of governimoat to anothor, | they may be diffculs to trace; a poplar lender may | overleap ther, and consert with tho nobles of tho Jand, or ® La Rochefonsauld may 49 #cen at olabs, ob nebbirg with the porters of the Halle; but there sre abnormal phenomena One of the first effects ofthe 1 establishment of « strong govern- * Caeun | excitement last your, have been acquivied by the United States Cireait Court The steamebip Isabel, which reached n last Beturday, bronght one doy's later int »| from Uavana, There was no vows of Im We shewhere pnblirh the detsile of th sews from Mexico, the mivst inte which reloter to the Tohuentepes trea, seen that tLe names of Ocl. Bloo, Mr. wie Jonas P. Levy, fgore «ulte affalr—the latter gentleman eppoare io be quis diy nent at the oondy le Mexican Obamber of Depaties, ond threatene to protest egainetthe action of that body. Apripos—our Washington sorres pendent remarks, thot it #tecended to enll up the ovarplouontiy ia thi ment, will always beto replace ecvlety on ite eid basis, aud to rebuild the barriers whish divide the noblo from the bourgeote, and the latter from the eperative Weare avon alow to expect that European revo lutions will effect ® more equal distribation of | Weel. How many dynastion have the Rovhsobiids vatlived—frlendiy mitt all, bat losing money with Pouet Tetates, tied up by carefully prepared teste ; Mevtary itjenotiony, or preserved in their entirety hy lane orimucgen ture aud ental’, will be banded down fror { te sof the shook of | empires and the eve The castle on the 2hine may conse » be ing Prince; from ihe nq) @ paleco of the relgn- » Genoa, odiota may bo lor ger be prowulgs'e-—but book wil! still remeia the property of the vob!e faxaily whose name they | eae, Ali the poeial Lavtitations of Buoge scom eo | of our EEE Ee great map will be prostrated ia the dust, eadano- | rooted im the soll that they can stand the abock of ages unmoved—goveraments and constita- tions ser m alone destined to pass away. The United Sta'es present the opposite picture. Our political_institutions are settled on a solid basis; noone but » madman seeks to overturn them. Freedom of discussion, and the privilege of taiking and writing sedition ad libitum deprive conspiracies against our government of the charm wh'ch illegal acts ave known to possess; and besides, people are so thoroughly convinced of the wisdom of the consti- tution under which we live, that a revolationary movement would he simply laughed down. Our society, en the other hand, is ae endjoot to-fluctua- tions as the governments of Europe New rel:gious sects aro springing up every day, and thinning the ranks of the old churobes; these, again, like old, dry loge, are constantly splitting into fastious and cliques. Now, the Methodists, now the Prosbyte- tiang, pow the Epiecopatians, seem to preponderate; some day, the Census Commissioner may gravely inform us that Mormonism is the ‘ fausy” creed in the United States. 80 of social distinotions. Tho “upper ten” of to day were nobodies ysetorday, and may fall still lower to-morrow. A fortunate spe- culation pours gold into the coffer of a small store keeper, and he besomes forthwith great man, lives in Fifth avenue, gives splendid balls, and is, for the time, one of ibe magnates of the land; a few years hence, you shall find no trace of his name or hia fa- mily. Halfadozen sona have shared his estate; some aro in California, others in the far west, one or tvo perbapa livieg in obscurity on the romains of their father’s fortune. With us, money seldom re- mains more than a genoration in a family. In the excitement of commorciel enterprise. fortunes are rapidly made and as rapidly lost Woaalth is con stantly changing hands. Though no one in Amerioa is positively in want, the rich aro soldom rich for more than a quarterof a century. The fact that we have no lass corresponding to the landed pro prietors of Eurcpe, who live on their rents, and | would deem themselves contaminated by the contact of a Jedger or a csh-book with their jewelled fio- gers, is of itself proof that wealth cannot accumu- late beyond a certain point in thiscountry. Trade, the commen occupation of us all, 15 a terrible level- ler. It forces each man to depend on his own per- sonal exertions, and compels him to be the architeot of his own fortune. Who ehall say thas we are not more fortunate than the people of Barope? The Vice President Elect Constitutio: at Duiesma, The expected demise of the Hon William R King, the Vice President elect, soems to present a question not provided for by the Constitution, and it remains te be seen what is to bo done It is pro- bable, however, that in case of the death of afr. King, evfficient power may de found to enable Con- gress to meet the emergenoy, in the fifth seotion of the secord article of the Constitution, a part of which section roads as follows :— Congress may. by law. provide for the case of removal. death resignation, or inability. bovh of the President exd Vice President deelaring what officer ehali then act as President. and such officer shall act accordingly until the dirability be removed, or a President shall be elected. The twelfth amendmont of the Conatitution pro- vides that— The percon having the greatest number of electoral votes 28 Vice Presicent shall be the Vice President, if such number be @ majority of the whole number of eleo tos appointed, anc. if po person have a majority. then from tbe two highest numbers on the list. the Senate shall choore tho Vice President, A quorum for the pur- pore thall consist of two-thirds of the whole wamber of repaicre, and a mejority of the whole number eball pe necessary to a choice, But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to | that of Vice President of the Uaited States. The votes of the Hlectoral Colleges for Prosident and Vice President will bo osuuted in presence of the two houses of Congress, on tho eeoond Monday of Februsry next. They are known to stand thus for Vice President, viz :—For William R. King, (dem .) 254; for William A. Graham, (whig,) 42 Sapposing Mr. King to be deerased before the eounting of tho votes, the question arives—Can Coa gress declare s dead pergon elested? If not, then Mr Grabam, the whig eandidate, is the only person © be voted for by the Senate, and must, therefore, "be ebssen by that body. Acting, however, under the powora given them by the fifth rection of the second article of the ooneti- tution, we presume that Congress, in the event of Mr. King’s death, will deciare the office of Vice President vacant, and proeced to chooee from their own body a President of tho Senate pro. tem, who will hold his office duting the pleasure of the Senate, and perform the duties of Vice Prosidént, without being entitled te assume the title of that cffice. In the event of the death of the President, then the President pro. tem. of the Sonate becomes tho Prerident of the United States. Richard M. Johnson, chosen in 1837, is tho only Vice President who bas been elected by the Sena:e, in coxsequence of no choice by the Electora! Colleges. Two Vice Presidents, both under Madison, have died in office, viz:—George Clinton, chosen with President Madison in 1908, died April 20th, 1812, agod 74; Etbridge Gerry, choren with Madison in 1812, died November 23, 1814, aged €6 years Tuk New Cusan Taniry.—Somebody eaid that the new Cuban tariff was designed to serve the io terests of the United States, and by conferring a bene6y on our merchants, to allay the avgry feel- ings with which Spain has begun to be regarded Thankful as we ougit to be for emall favors from her Most Catholic Majesty, especially after the gracious treatment of our fellow citizen, ‘ the in dividual nsmed Willism Smith,” from Captain- General Cafiedo, we cannot, without a violent stretoh of imaginstion, fixd any great incentive to grativude in the document now lying before us. The Gutics on some few of the main domestic exports from this eountry have beea lewered ; but, as a general rule, the new tariff is, if anything, » ro-as- tertion of the old principle of protection. Most of the changes are augmentations—happily the arri- cles they aiicct do ne; comstitute a very important item in cur export trade. The merehants who are in the habit cf sending some fifteen hundred doliars worth of wearing apparel, &o., in the course of the year, to Havana, will not be ruin- ed by learning that the duty on trowsors will be raised from $56 to $60 por dozen; en vests, from $2 25 to §3 upicco; on suspenders, from $3 to $4 Per dozen, snd on wigs and scratches, from $5 to #6 each. They may pity the Oubans, who will thus be debarred frum indulgiog in New York finery, snd congralolate the Havana tailors sad barbers on their luck; but the reform will not interfere ma- terially with their own business. Nor will the framemakers of Now York have any reason to grow wild with joy at the announcement vaat a reduc!ion oj forty, thirty five, aad fourteen par coat is about to be made in forviga frames, or the manufarturera of crucibles, or wooden horses, at receiving the ne wa thst a muuificent reduction of forty por oaat will be xnde in the impost om tholx peouliar wares Clothes Urushes are visited with au addivional dary Of thirty-ibree per cent; eoffve pote, with twenty five per eent additi mel; opera glasses, with forty per cont; scavburds, with thirty-three por cent; Shoelasta, with nine percent. In rotura, the duty on sugar bowls is redaced to elovon per cont; boat on trimined horse collars, twonty-five per vent; that om curled bair, ene hundred per oon; chat on po matum, thiriy per cent. Ii ie to these, and similar ar‘iclos of oon 0, that the Spanish minister avome to heve conSned his fnencial genias Thore fa a smal! reduction of fourioen por ont on tho exormoue daty now levied on pickled pork— | a very trifling wetter indeed, in itself, bat still, as our export of pork, hams end lard, is uearly one- b of our whole domertic export to Cab preciable bevefit. By way of eompons duty on butter, (of whion we tend abou worth annually to Havena,) is ralsod from $14 por 100 ponede, to $16 ; end that on ol, (our annual ex port of which to the lelend exceeds $100,000, ) is in- sof pixteon per cent But fow artioles in tho irom traée are altered ; anvile aro ralsed sixteen per cent, sheot iron reven per cant, anid the | aatnder probably, some $600 000 per annum, remain at the former high rates. Jerked beef, (wo exported 1,652 basrels in 1851,) io reduced per cent; but tallow ie unaltered.. All ures of Hnen, sach as table cloths and napkins, fa, ool- lars, drawers, Ke , exeopt sbirting, are subjected to am increased duty, which wil! not, hewovor, be felt much ‘in this country. Wrapping pa- per is reduced fifty per cont; but the re duction does not eatend to tho other desoriptions of paper and stationery, which oonstitate the bulk of the thirty to thirty-two thousand dollars worth annually exported from the United S:atea to Caba ‘The enuff makore of Havana are protected by an additional fifty percent; aud, whether from a similar ora still lees creditable motive, copying prosses are taxed sixty-six per cent additional No alteration bas been made in the daty on timber, boards, or ataves, of whieh the island takes $410,000 worth from us per aagme; or in the manufae:ures of wood, which constitate one fourth of our whole exports to the island, # we except the pictare frames, and wooden horses aforesaid, aud a fow similar articles. Indian corn, rice, tallow candles, seap, and the other chief domestic exports, not mentioned above, remain as they were. y) On the whole, we do not think that the new terilf will make much difference to our trade with Cuba. What difference it does make, will bers:her against us than in our favor The two dollars which are takon off barrelled pork will not quite compensate us for the various augmentations on the petty articles enumerated in the pew tariff But, as we raid, it is a email matter either way, and will hardly be felt when it comes into effet on let February next. The Cubans aro about as miserable as a nation can be. They have to support a government com- poeed of foreigners, who wring the last cent out of them for their pleasures and luxuries, as the early English governors did to the natives of Iadia, and the French intendants to the North American colonists. They are groaning uoder the erual in- fitetion of an ecxhorbitant tariff, and constantly threatened with new exactions to supply the recent deficiency in the revenue which the island used to send to Spain. They are cursed with a Spanish family compact. whose tyranny would make a hell of paradise. They are disgraced in the eyes of tho world by the slave trade, which the officials are di- rectly interested in fostering In whatever diree- tion their energy seeks to develop itself, they are wet by the veto of the governor and tue bayonets of his sbirri. Aspirations afier freedom lead to the halter or the platoon--attempts to expand trado aro promptly checked by the necessities of the Span- ish excheqner and the decree of the Minister of Finance. To such @ race it must seem a trivial matter that the taxes on the necessities cf life are incrosged, while the royal ordinance of her Moat Cutholis Ma- jesty permits ‘+ monkeys and o:her small aninals” to be introduced into the island on the payment of $4a head, instead ai $10. as formerly. Waea Spain bas done her worst to crush them—when their pa- triots are murdered or exiled—when their citizens are silenced and their press gaggod—when the ofticials themselves do not affect any concern for individual iiberty—it must, indeed, seem an exceed- ingly small aggravation of their miserics to pay & trifle higher for the commodities which are eszen- tial to thoir existence. Tue Gextus or tae Unirep Searus —Well did Mr. Fillmore observe, in his m:seage to Congress, that the inventive geniusof the American people was excited to its highes: piten, aod that | nothing distinguished this country and this people in a more marked manner than tho numeroas applications which are constantly being made for patents for valuable improvements. The genius of our people is eminontly practical and con- structive. We build, and contrive, and combine, while other nations theorize and epeculate. In France and England, eloquent essays and treatises on the steam engine are written every day by men of learning—brilliant performences, redolent of clas tic lore, and polished ad unguem. We, meanwhile, with less ceremony and noise, invent a cog wheel which economises motive power, or socelerates lo- ecmotion. Their poets indite splendid edes to the “links of lightning,” which chsin together distant ci- ties and States ; our mechanics elaborate an improve- ment on the Morso or House inatrament, and help the links aforesaid to move a little faster or more smoothly. Philosophers with a world-wide fame publizh at Paris or London magnificent dissertations on agriculture, and show how the vilest materials known bave thoir proper use and destiny in the eoon- omy of the world ; some obscure farmerin New Kng- Jand devises a plough which beate all former inven- tions hollow. Great Britain continues to boast of her “‘ wooden walls,” acd vast appropriations are annually made to improve the dockyards and marine nureories at Brest and Oherbourg—here, the while, some inglorious ship builder on the East River builds a yacht which outetrips the fleoteat craft on the Channel, and Eaglish merchaats dad it their in- tereat to import their tea and spices in American clippers. Enormous sums of money are expended in England in the erection of places at railroad termi- ni—wo content ourselves with protesting the cars and passengers from the rain and snow, and devote theremainder of our fands to new lines. In short, without renouncing our elaims te rival foreiga na- tions in abstract science, the fine arts, and ali that pertains to the ornamental, we have directed oar energies, in the first place, to surpassing the rest of the world in practical pursuits, and we may safely consider that we havo succeeded. Let us compare, for inetance-—our space will not afford us to allude to more than one ef the many triumphs of practical scienco—the telegraph in America with tho telegraph in England. The whole extent of the wires in Eoglard is not equal to two | or three of ourgroat lines. They can hardly real‘ze the fact that continuous line two thousand miles long, is worked as easily here as a short line of fifty miles there. Thousands upon thousands of miles of wire are boing ereeted ia this couatry, while our neighbors are debating om the propricty of undertaking a new braach line between two neighboring cities. They are comtont to use the impérfect indicating machine ef Wheatsione, which keeps no register of tho messages sont, and obliges the operator te keep his cye constantly fixed en the dial, to note letter after letter; while our Morse or House Inetraments oan rsovive and rogistera message withgut any assistance from the eperator, and even de is absence. They lack the onterprise necor mary to ovcourage the jul adaptation of Heuse’s printing instr recently patented by Brett. It is employed bat in few places, | avd om short linea. The fanit does nos lie with the telegraph proprietors and engincers; it lies clear- ly with the publio. People in England are ehary of theirpence. They prefer tke penny postto any more expensive means of commocioation, even theagh it be more sptedy. For one message transmitied over the lines in Wnglend, fifty are sont here. Merchants in this gountry ast practically on tho principle that time is money; in Eagland, they seem te think that shilling is worth more than a delay of twenty four hours. A nowspnper is eon- sidered cnterpriting ia London when it hae» sum- mary of trrenty limes ef the Avaocrioan news, on the arrivel of the steamer; hore, tho Naw Your Heaaip had vorbetim epeoches of Kossuth, two and three columns Jeng, sent over the lines, and prosents ite readers every day with full sumcaary of the de- bates im Congross, by tho same channel As with the telograph, so it is with every other | practical application ef reience. Whutever in dy- namics, meohanies, hydraulica, chemistry, or any of tho other branches of acionee, may by mads to coa- tribute to the advancoment of vivilizatien ud the comfort of mankind, is oagerly seized on by Ame ricans, and mon of intellect, in every sestion of the country, set their minds earnestly to work to turn it to account. In the year 1986, the report of the Seoretary of the Interlor inform: us there wero | 1,069 models in tho Patent Oilive; in January, 1851, oaports of von oud J maruiojures, Walk, | ese had inerensed #0 17,267; and, ab the prosont . will be taken wp to-morrow (Zuesday) mosmng, | polies who oo ; furnished to us for publication : day, it io estimated that they reach the enermous number ef 28,000 Where one *examising clerk” was able to do the business of the office, six clerks, and as many assistants are now kept constantly a; work. The inventive gevius of the country is cer- tainly keeping pace with its material advancement The report costains one valuable mggostion. It proposes that the Commissioner of Patents be di- reoted to prepare 2 careful avalytical and desorip- tive indox of all the dissovertes and inventions | which have beea patented, and that the same be pub- | Tished, with engravings. by the government. An an- | nual supplement regvlurly published, would osrry tho work on from year to year Che suggestion is worthy ofthe country. There ie no greater disgrace to the department in Eogisnd than the great difficulty of arcerteining the nature and extent of farmer pa- tents; each snocossive inventor bas loudly ox pressed his diegust at the confusion, venality and absurdity | of the London Patent Office We order ma‘ters bet- ter here; an iaventor can very soon ascertain, ata very small expense, how far his predecessors have gone But the index, with elaborate paintings of | the vesious patents, is as ill farthar improvement. It would cave mepy an hour of thonght to the on- terprising inventor, and would guard hin agaiast the crue! disappointment of discovering, afterhe had spent hours of toil in elaborating his invention, that be had been anticipated by another. It woald, moreover, constitute an invpartial chroniele of tho progress of the inventive gepius in the Biates—» work, wo imagine, which would presont us to the eyes of the people of the Old World ina light which they are far from expecting. We trust the sugges- tion will be adopted. . Tur Pick, edited by the Rov. Joe Scoville, has become one of the organs of the present administra *| tion. It now eon‘ains the Post Office advertisoments, | as a reward, we suppose, for its wit, if not for its politics. The grea: increase in the supply of throe cent pieces, occasioned by the Maine liquor law down east, has induced its editor to raiso the price of the Pick to that figure. It is cheap at threo cents. Miss Bac Htetorical Lossois, ‘These Lessons in History increase ia interest as they progrees, ard are now weil attended. The seventh lec- ture is on Bgypt, at the Stuy vecant Inetitute, this morn. ing, at 11 o’eloek, } After the lerson om Saturday evening. reveral of the jJadies and gentlemen who were in atiendance addressed a compiimentery letter to Miss Bacon, asa testimonial of their approbation and esteem ; a copy of which has been New Yorx, Deo, 20, 1852, To Miss Bacon~ A number of lidies and gentlemen who attended your Jesgon on Saturda: nipg 1th imsc. at the stuyvessat Institate, derire to offer you seme testimonial expressive of the delight and jnstroction which your highly intel- Jectual entertarn ment affords d them, The vivid ptotutes whiso you drew of the original ap- pearance of the haman family. und the historie chart whieh you unfolded, extending from a period of darkassa preceding the dawn of history. through the shadowy glinmerings of faole and tradition juscessive ages, to the broad day light of the present era. have left impras- sions on the memory of your audience which eannot easily be effaced. Ube sturtiing originality of many of your ideas, the oriental drapery which you shrew around your figures, and tho deep reverence you eviaced for the facred Scriptures, as the eariiest authentic record of truth, ard fimally, the retiring grace of your deportment sh you stood before us, the peronitication of the genius of Ristory, touched the chords ¢f sympathy and adnira tion, Bappy indeed, are those smong tue daughters of America, who are privileged to receive instruction from ‘one of the most gifted of their own country women, who, for thelr beneft, scatters with a profuse and tastefal hand the accumulated knowledge ot her researches in the lore of mations Couns Stxameme Anctic.—The following is an ex- tract from a letter of Com’s W. F. Lyach U. 8. N., the well knowm explorer of the Dead Sea. &c —a passenger per steamer Arotic, from New York to Liverpool, Novem- ber 15,1852, dated in Lonnon, Nov, 29, 1852, Our passage was retarded by prevalent bend winds and ® heavy bead sea; but, while airappcinted by the delay of stew hours, I'coald not githoold my admiration of the weatberly qualities of the ship. Whether the wiod and rca were abead@ abeam. On thr qnarter. oF astern, she nowber Inrehed nor plunged ont cleared throwsn tho waves and sped slong swaying from side to sae. witu a gtucefol, eosy motion Lexamicsd her cloroiy, aud, as far as Lam capable of judging coustder that im and beauty of conatruction In stability, combined with Duoysrcy in érynees and ie speed, she wurpesses any other vesrel national or mercantile, I have ever kaown ; and Ihave three times before crowd tho Atieutio by steara snd twice commanded steamcrs The accommo ations of the Arctic are admirable ; the police atrange- ments and attendance uoexceptionable, and I regard Capt. Luce a8 & wodel of « commander. Oaroaic Suir Exscsson —The engines of the caloric ship Ericeson were worked daring ten hours yesterday, making nearly siz and one half revolutions per minate, ‘This work was performed upon 420 pounds of coal, care- fally measured, and supplied to the furnaces each hour. During the whole time the machinery was ia operation, the furnaces being worked upsn a checked draft the fires continually augneated. Suche result exhibits ina re- markable degree the ecoonomy of this wonderful ma- ebinery. When the engines shail have been worked suf- ficlemtly to put them in perfect working order, the trial trip, we understand, will bo made. ‘Tus Steam Bourneryea, of Bpofford & Tileston’s Charleston line, will not sail on Wednesday. having been withdrawn for one trip, to undergo re-oopprring. For Catsvomn1a.—The steamer Illinois, Captain Hort- stein, for Aspinwall, and the Northorn Light. Captsia Miner, for San Juan, left port yosterday afternoon. Thoy both tcok away a large xnmber of passengers. The I enchored at quarantioe ou xovoun: of wantof water on rae bar, whence she will depart at four o'clock this morn ng Lauscuro —At North lroepect. recently, by Lewis Mudge. Erq.. a brig of 250 tons. to be commanded by Captain W. P. Porier. Vesrel’s name not given. At Lincolnyilie. om the 10th ipst., by Mess Decrow & Knigbt, @ superior elipper brig of 245 tons, calied the Wappoo. Pexsonat Intell gesce, Ameng the passengers by the Iuinots bound for Call. fornia was Mr Charles Leland, one of the proprietors of the Metropolitan Hotel Arrivals ot the Metropolitan—W. W. Corcoran, Wash- ington; Hon A O P Nicholson, Tenn ; Hon. FB. B. Hieks. Texas; Gem. Duff Green, Washington; H. i Bndge St Louis; H Stanley. Fy Rob. Newmaa, Ky.; ©. Robdin'on, Rhode Island; A D. Boerson, Boston; A. V. Brown, Loronto. 0 W ; J 495, D. 8. Chambers, Pittsburg: J H hurd. Aiexau- dria; F. W Lewis, Philadelphia; W. W. ott, Oonn.; Bon. E. Greene, Texas; Jobn Knapp. St. y At the Howard~--Capt Bey Philadelphia, J. Simpsoa, Battimore; W. Parker, Oi ; CO. Bistoo, Boston; J. Eldred, Rhode Island: N Williams, Ohio; J. Stevens, Ky.; Moj Gilman Lexington. “ At the Asror— Professor Jackson, Hartford; W. Boggs, Washington: Oapt. Allen Detroit; J. Paisall, Baltimore; os Strong Princeton; Capt West. Boston; Fitchonty ‘arren, Washington; eabody, U. 8. Navy; Tharlow Weed Alban: At the American—0. 0. Van . Conn; § Wil: Mame, New Haven; © D. Bulokley, do; J. Thomas, Horton; J. Spowdon. Philadelphia; J.8. 3micu, Bedford; 3. B bry, New York; H. Shorter, Ainpams; @eo. F. Jones, Phiiadtip Hla. Letter from Mir, Brady, New York, Deo 20, 1952. THE ¥VITOR OF THE NEW YORK HERALD. Sir—My name has been t vice montionod in your peper in the list of candidates for the office of Dis- trict Attorney of the United States, for thie distri st. I wish my friends to know that I do not decire, nor would I receive. any appointment under the ad- ministration of Mr Pierce. [na common with the disinterested macaos who aidod in electing him 1 bail be euflicrently rewarded for any servica I may have rendered the democracy in the Jast canvass, if, os is most eenidently expactod, Mr. Pisroe’s ad- ministration be cbaracterized by the eelection of such men, sad the promotion of suck woasures, ag may wos effectively maintain the Union of onr States, and the honor and wel'are of our oouatry. Respectfully, your obedient servant, Janes T. Brapy. Potice ¥ tots nee, Disorderly House Tho police of the Seventh ward on ri y Hight arrested Cecelia Edgar an! Ernold strana, | om a charge of Keeping w alcorderly houee, at No, 84 Bast Broacway for rome time past, the noizh- Dore have beow much ennojed by thin nowy; andon Fri day night rome rowdicy bioke into the premises, and sstroyed the furniture, The Oeptain of Po ing the epportunity to be a good one to house, therefore, took into cnstody the Perrone, who are known to be tha koepars of the premises, The aceuced parties wore taken before Justice Welsh, who held them to bail to answer rhe —e Atlempt to Pass Counierfeit Money On Satarday night, & msm vomed Patrick Mahoney wax arrested by the poliee, on the charge ot endeavoring to pass 8 counterfoit ve dollar bil of the Manhs'ten Compeny of tute ctty, It oppears that bh Deotel Donsurhne, and flerea the bili 2 coupterfell. and pa od before J asties Weleh, who eorm- mitted him for jon \ Rupreme Court—General Term, Before Fon Indges NAwards, Mitchell and Roovevelt, Dxe 20,—The Court sAjonrnod ti)! 1o-morrow fa conse uence of the ilnees of ex-Chief Jastior Hroaron and che Roth american Million Tract Pund Caso was postponed ti) Thorday motions | Noricr,—The cslendst of pon envmoratod The Rev, Or, Alexander's Church—Sale of Pewn, ‘The most favorable avd rpirited sale of chareh proper- ty which bas teken pleco in thts clty for mony years, was had yesterday eveniog at the new Preabyterim Chureh. lately -bullt iu Fifth avenue, at the corner of Nineteenth street. From threo o clock in the the church was vielted xy 2 number of ladies end gen- tlemen. end caoh pew enxtonsiy rorutinised, as to loeall- ty and com‘ort by @ bost of «expectant bidder. The Rev. Dr. Aleaauder was prevent and received the con- gratulations of bis coagregation upom the elegames of- tinich with wBioh the seered edifice is perteoted. The pews Were seb up at & fixed price, which we annax, with the per cenigge premium given, and the purchasers, which are af follo peggeegsseresé eegeceerace 8232 -pupuasscesrastersusunasves-seuel + War Whitemight. Wm. Forest .. ESeRE eRe 6 aa ‘wete poid in Purchaser, 42 300 10 The gross value of the pews amounted to $102,975. The entire sales adding the premium, amounted to $86.350, The following table exhibite the rauge of prica® obtained for the mort eov-ted scats :-— Cash nate. + Moses A, Hoppock Jno Whit... Sirs, Pmodbrug + Jas, Frazer, Geo. Daytoa. gegusgesseneeseze & ‘6 350 a 550 350 tim The highest prices obvalned for Le ol a were a8 follow : No. Pew. Purchasers, or i$ Price paid,’ 9776 ral opinion the: the remainder would be nena fore Baturdey next, The congregstion of the ehurch,. ‘With the zealous collectors and contributors, enjoyed the best reward for their labors, iu witnessing the avidity with which sents were sought for. Farewell Missionary Meeting. A farewell meeting for nine missionsries, whe ate sbout. ~ to sail for the west coust and the interier of Africa, was held, yesterday eveming at the Rev. Henry Ward Beech. er’s church, the Plymouth .editice, in Broekiyn, The audience was rather numerous, inclusive of a few oolore® people, and on the platform there were many clergymen, and other gontlemonm laterented in the Christianizing en. tirprise. ‘The Rey. Gxo. Wiirrtx took the chair, and opened the proceedings by reeding the reventy-seeond Pealmy and then stated that the ohjvct of the present meeting: wae to bid a farewell tv tho nine missiomaries who were about to depart for Africa avd in partionlar te the Rey.’ Mr, Thompson, who had come to this coustry for the ex— prees purpose of tekiog owt these reinforcements to the wisslovasies already im Africn The Rey. gontlemam gave out prayer, cailed Aown ths blessings of God om missions Sn general, amdonthe present entarprise inp partionlar, After the prayer, he gave out the 598 Hymn. He afterwards remarked, that many of the sw dience would recollect the trial, some time ago, in our law courte, regarding forsy negroes who had been brought ine a Spanich veesoi, amd that some thirty-eight ot them were ultimately sent back with some malasionsries to what was valied the Mendi mission, near Slorra Leone, which was esisbilshed by the present Foreign Mise siomary In the inidet of ail the trials that the m: has had te go threngh, and under a'l dirad) chroumstances, snocess had. crowned its efforts Not onty were the slave trade had beom msierially freertocca ; this is saying @ great deal for the Legg oh MI country +o with slavery as Afries, Rev. Mr. Naymond. the leader of the eee enforeed his anti-~ slavery doctrines by thorimple power of the Gospel. About ‘two years ago, the mission Was ceinforced ® company of eight, two of whom fell beneath the ds climate, and two were obliged to return bere, Mr. Thompson as-. sures us that the ebiefs. far inland. are anxions for the establishment of new stations The present mi-sionsrieg will go prepa:ed for the extension of (he mission. A let ter from one of the misslowarics informs us that greet. eredit is due to the exertions of Mr. @: who was for- mer!y a slave at the South and now pastlaipate im the Chaistioniring efforts of the missionuries, efforts: are to be strengthened by nine otaer mieslouarias, Te then introduced Mr, Tromrson, who had been, for many years. n mise sionary in Africa. That gentleman oxpreseed hiraself aw entertaining @ decided prefireuce for his adopted home in Africa, ou account of shere being so much gicry to be derived jrom tilling the land vith Chrictien procepts. Hie convietiongyes that Afitos presented mow an inter~ exting epectecle ; for ro much hid Leea done, and so wide a feld hed prevented ttseif for further missionary labors, that the more pleasing was it te bim to ipare in tho glorious work. {the otimate wore rather exeggerated, boon denowineted © the whi man’s. gravo ” but It required only curs to live as boalthy there. sr imihis country In feos. there le not so mach varia. tion of tempers (ace thore aa here, and in thorainy seacom prepsrations are made ee that the damp shail not mate. rinily affect health In many respacts Afric is a beautl- fol coumtay, ana Mr Haymoaa hed declared ‘hat he preferred ‘it to America. Tbe people are coriuin! ignorant, hat thelr mlods wore capable of impr. > oman end good reeulte would uwac Ly aoorue from au ex- tension of reiigiow and education; aad from what hee deem conveyed to the missionaries by megrows from the interior, it wee evident thet tho eame hopes oan be entertained of the tribes thot live fat im the tntertory Many of the prople can teed English already, therefore, we mean to distribute Mibles among thim hope to econ see the good resui's Instinetively, the people bsve some motion of tue i nd he roe eome- pact of the misslonary labors aco lightened; bub silk there ia much io be dono in ordex (o biog thom imto the: {rng faith, Many of them havo oxpremed the greatest. icy at the knowiedge which we harn taparted to them, ana heve protited by the iesons, At the villagas whore. ~ the miscionaries have stopped om tholr jonrneys. the people buve willingly suspended thole gumag and a and gnibered round tbe tobis werds, Therefore, suspending wars between differs havo exerted themeelve moat exend geutle entered tuto With Wany pereounl anredotes av leg the ocoyregation to soatinas sup por onery Indore and yuoted & lon, pow on the subject Alrica, ‘ ‘The Rev. Mr. Arvvoen, ane tlonmries, rose to war aul promien 4 (has he oould oply give a fo tdens wich regard co (hs oniaton, Aeld He conmdered thas the saisslonary work was oMky of the pporntod mita ery