The New York Herald Newspaper, January 13, 1852, Page 2

LETTERS FROM SPAIN. | T¥ A NEW YORE LaDy LETTER Maprip, 1 My pesk B.—At last | am in Spain, the dream o 1 eft Paris at % o'clock in the morning. It wae a lovely day, and on all my journey | was | favored with the most beautiful weather. lt Bas always been £0 with me. We went by the yailroad to Poitiors, passing through Orleans, Blois, Tours, and other cities of note and historical recol- lection. The railroa aged, but it was a singular eome out and stand with flags in their hands to | Bive the signals as the train pased, instead of men. At Tours we stopped to take refreshment, which ‘we found prepared in elegant saloons; there was @elicious fruit, winer, ragouts, and all sorts of | French edibles. Poitiers is a fine old French city; the railroad ends here, but the engineers are bury im constructing the road to carry it on to Bordeaux. Here we travelled 2gain on wheels, and after sup- ping a: Poitiers pursued our way in the night, sleeping in the diligence. Any other way of tra- velling into Spain was out of the question, for] Jearnt before I started that it would not be possi- dle to travel with post horses in Spain. After all the diligence, or sulle post, (fer it is the samo | thing), was eomfortable enough, and the company lively and agreeable might have had to myself, to enjoy tho company of two amiable French Indies who were travelling to | Bayonne, and found their conversation and plea- want manners a great alleviation to the fatigues of the journey. The Doctor joined us part of the time, apd we kept up a constant chat and merry langh- ter. It was evening when I got down at the hotel at Bordeaux, very much fatigued, with the prospact of passing another night in the diligence, before we sbould arrive at Bayonne. ‘The second night was the worst, but I got through it very well, and on the evening of next day arrived safo at Bayonne. Bayonne ie an ancient city, kalf French half Span- eb. The women had sll the eppearance of Spanieh women—fine, dark, sparkling eyes, and black hair; I think the most beautiful I have ever seen. J yi- sited noxt day the ancient cathedral, and walked along ite venerable cloistere. They were preparing for the firet of November, which was All Saints’ Way, a great féte of the church, observed with much solemnity and g'ee by all clazses. On All Saints’ Day, Nov. Ist, | started for Spain, and after leaving Bayonne at U in the morning, ina eouplo of hours the high mountains of the Pyrenees appeared in sight, and I was now entering into Spain. Hitherto, 1 had met with no accidents, and no dan: { Bers on the road, but, on entering Spain, my trou- bles began. The diligence drove up to the docr of an old-fashiored house at Irun, a small frontior tewn, and here I had to alight, and have ali my Juggage overhauled, for it was the dowanc, or the eustom house. ill do the Spaniards tho jus- tive to tay, that here they were quite civil and po- Ito, far more so than tho English; but they looked very poor and half starved, and I am yet to learn whether they are honest. The sequel will tell that. Wf J were to make a comparison between all the cus- tem houses which I have passod through, in dif ferent countriee, I should say thet the Ing- lish were the worst--their officors are the most rade and vulgar: for even the Russians, whom they eal) boors, are superior to them in courtesy and po- Kitenese. While these officers at Irun were examin- ing wy trunks and boxes, they came upon a emall | ease In which were my jewels; these my Parisian | jeweller had, to my misfortune, 20 nicely and pret- tily arranged, in proper receptacles, that when the Md was lifted up, and the contents met the eye, the aetonisbed Custom House officers lifted up their bandg, uttered exclamations of surprise, ani whis- yered eignifcantly to each other. New a long and rather tumultuous discussion arose among them about my jewels. One eaid I must pay for them, another that they must be stopped. i eaid they were persona! and private ornaments, not troduced for sale Some said] cough’ bave them; #0: wes @ perfect jab- ber—ihe copfusion of debate to an upper roc, for hitherto it had been carried on below in the crowd of idlers, muleteery, @rivere, hackmen, y rs, and o:he! Q room ike debate was resumed ; some wore o! were sent fe inions were divided. the evil prevailed: the man who to be the chief they could not pass wee indignant, and determined not to do then at h lowered his demand till he the sum io 140 francs; but 1 determined to r extortion, and p in my frat res thovgb the Docto: sed me to pay at Madrid, co thai 1 might have thom with me were obctinate, and the head man, aft making | which he handed to m edup my easket in bis desk. | left Irun, ing bebind me, ip doubtful hands, my little treasure, and my journey to Madrid, determined rathe: woy jewelry than evbmit to the extortion « officers. Thue | lef: the field of battle, firm in my | purpose; it was a little skirmish, bu: I dont think it will cause & war between Spain andAmerica. We passed through a highly picturesque op our road to Madrid. Orossing the | with the Mediterranean and the Pyrennees on one | @f the later ccean—so that cross the Pyrenncos, but passed alongside of then. Iwae very much pleased with ce passed through, St. Sebastian, \ ta, Tolosa, Burgos, &¢.; they jue, venergble places, im the midst of a picturesque country, and people equally picturesque, but who look very poor andhungry. The lower classes wear the ancient nee breeches. with blankete or ragged old cleaks, thrown over their shoulders; of better classes | saw fewifany. The country | passed through was in- differently oultivated—much Indian corn, about one third. or even only one fourth, the height it growe to with usinthe Western States of America, J arrived much fatigued a: drid, late at nigh!, after passing two nights on the rough roads, in the rough diligence, with a heavy head and heavier heart, thinking that the Pyrenees sepa- vated me from my dear little son HA RIT Nov The Opera House in Madrid is not magnificence and splendor by any in the world. Every time i have been there it b. filled with an elegant company, giring ides one could have o passed in ivilized ¢ be the elegance and grandeur of Spanish life. | war there last night, at tho representation of o new opera, and was pleased. The (juecn was the with the King and some no! them. She sat out the whole represe though she ie eo far advanced in her hope tion, or, ae they ray here, ‘embarrassed con that her sccouchement iv expected to take place every day. She is fat and ty @all her handsome. She is yp) im her dress anideportment. She lool apa | thetic, and dul! vuld not belp discovering a | @reat resemblance between her and a la e) known in New York. You may romomber tho @elebrated Prima lionna Fantoni Sutton—che is a | personification of that same woman should jadge, by her appearance, that she did nothing but cat, sleep, aud grow fat. You kaow | @m capital for finding resemblancer, and | think J have hit it hore. They say che does not get out up of bed in the morning till 2 o'clock, P.M. The King consort is @ hand- some looking fellow; he is thin; he seemed to me the very picture and resemblance of our talented writer, N. P. Willis, but without Lis wit. There ‘was pothing in their drese or manner to distinguish them from the commonest citizen. J confosn j extreme fimplicity of their costume and Vebavinnr 1, and no one weuld in and simple, both | my childhood, of troubadoure and bull fights. | in France are well man- | ht to see womon | 1 left the coupce, which | | We adjourned the | ral towns we | pleased mo much more than any oxtracrdinary dis- play would have done. Scarcely any notice was taken of them by the crowded audience; a few per” sons stood up quietly in their seats when she entered with the King, and then as quietly sat down again. Icould not imagine what was the matter when I sawthe geatlemen suddenly stand up. At | first ] thought there was a fire; but all was quict and still, and directing my glass to the royal box, Isaw the Queen and King adjusting themselves @ their seats. Meantime the gentlemen quickly sat | down, and no further notice was takenofthem. The royal party, on the other hand, took no notice of the people, but sat down like ordinary citizens, and devoted al! their attention to the opera and | the stage. On eeveral other occasions, I have seen the | eplendid horsee, with coschmen and footmen cover- d with gilt embroidery, and on no occasion has here been any noisy demonstration made at her prearance. She passes by in the crowded streets like acommon person, almost unheeded and un- | noticed. This is not from want of respoct for her person as (Queen, nor is it that ehe fs at all unpopue lar; but from all I ean learn and see, it proceeds from the dull, stiff temper of the Spaniards, aud their habitual pride and taciturnity. They aro, in fact, unlike any other people | have ever seen. Madrid is a cold, wretched, formal place, aud stands so muck elevated above the level of the sea and of the plains which surround it, as to make the air cold and disagreeable, and especially dangerous to tho lungs frem its extreme rarefaction. For- merly Toledo was the capital of Spain, till ono of the Ferdinands built Madrid, in the vory centre of tho Peninsula; and a worse ation could hardly have been selected. | am sure it must be more wretched even in summer than itis in winter; for there ie no shade, not even on the Prado, end the heat is then, ] am informed, a intenze &8 now the ia eutting and severe. One bears of people falling dead here from cold,as in summer they often do from heat. In fact Mad: tible place for pulmon:ry affections, and of an inflammatory kind. What adds to the maitery ef the place ie, that the apartments, even here in the best and largest hotel, have no chimneys nor fre ; laces, and consequently no means of warm'ng yoursel’, One is absolutely | frozen. Instead of fires, they bring a brazon dish | into theroom, ful! of burning charzoal, the fumes of which are disagreeable and pesiilential; but they the noxious gas of charcoal afier the first fuxcs | have been dissipated by a little previous burning. They call it “ burning itout.” Their medical men confirm this absurd doctrine, so that you may judge what wise physicians they have to prescribe | for them when they are taken sick. After all, the charcoal, though disagreeable, is not dangerous here, and so far the doctors are right; butitie be- cause the rooms are full of apertures, end the cold air rushes in freely from the ill-soeured doors and window casements. Mr. Barringer, our Minister here, has an elegant house, furnished, in first rate style, and he has had proper fire places constructed in the apartments, otherwiee neither he nor any American could live long here. Queen Christina, with her husband Munoz, the Garde du Corps, and her daughter by him—a lovely girl, seventeen years of ags—was also at the Opera, | in an adjoining box, the same night ag the Queen, her daughter by King Ferdinand VII. She locks quite young and handsome ; indeed, J am told she is a peculiarly fascinating woman. Her features | are small and delicate, of the Italian cast. She is, | as is well known, a Neapolitan by birth, and sister | of the famous Duchess de Berry, the mother of the | no lese famous Count de Chambourd, aliae Henry | Sth, Pretender to the throne of Franco. I was struck very much with the p'casng eimplicity of | her manners, dress, and deportment. There was not | the least osten de about her, nor in- | deed ary . They looked, ve- | haved, and itizens, and were re | of | felish and au has, Lowever, | Deweger (Qe she i# even ly looke as aughter, the Qu Man f° , only about twenty-two years of ago, 3 extraordinary tale.t. 1 prognosticate | him «fame and reputation equal to ! or Gor | doni. He bas immense talent. ‘he prima donna (whose name I also forget) is excellent. She po! ece3.in a weak and slender frame, wonderful pow- erg, and comp: of voice. She improves in one’s az her. Altogether the singers @ those of Paris and London; | yet the house itself, decorations and tout cn- | semble, is a brilliant concern, and surpasses all that | I have ever seen—net excepting even the San Carlos | at Naples, northe Tacon Theatre at Havana. The | ladies take their seate in the parquet with the | gentlemen. Every person has afanteuil richly de- | corated with purple velvet. It is curicusto sce the costume of the Spanich ladies; I find it very | tasteful and pretty. Thoy ell wear tho mantilia, | no bonnets on their head, but instead, a i of the head, and ft rope. The ladizs here ali walk out wile nothing on their heade but this msn’ sand! assure you it iovks well—indeed, far superior ia grace end ease to the bonnet. If shell adopt it. provement in ladios’ plan, which bas creat hae beena but even lous rooms of to be the finest ent museum d, end grom wh meg’ the wot aD, Now. 30, en, whose bistory and adventures oq verybody in Madrid, a8 8 * uity natu. ery oye is upon her, 823 “17 bor actions are, ae Castiue said to Brutas- + oooned, luarned by heart, andect ina note-br'se. bas been quite rage peste {or 8 Ye or two past, Hving with her ushand 10 AP srent content and mot taking op with DY ‘more lovers. - Me Spanieh nation is every swomont expecting -4@ announcement of the birth of a royal Spanish Prince, who will, ae they ay, make the happiness of Spain. Before J leave the eubject of the Quoen, leogbe to mention vomeibicg of ber present tito | (\ueen riding out in her ca'rage, drawn by six | | have tho foolish notion that there ie no danger from | is yet to Le expected. | and habits. She rises out of her royal bed about 2o’olock P.M. At 4o’clock sho breakfasts, and shortly after, at dusk of the cvening, she passes by my window, in her carriage, going to the Prado, where she premenades for a short time, or visits the church, t> pay her devotion to the Virgin. She then returns to the palace (a beautiful and | spacious building), and dines at about 9 or 10 | o’clock. She then hears music, and goes to the | opera or theatre, then, at about 2 o'clock, she sups, | and, finally, at about 5 or 6 o’clock inthe morning, | she retires to bed. The King does not quite follow | her habits, but bids her good night at an earlier | hour of the morning, and goes to bed in his own side | ofthe house. At present, in all the churches they aro | saying masees for her safo delivery, and it is anid there will be great doings when the evont is over. Thore will, among other things; be great promo- | tions among the military; there will be mado 500 generals, 600 colonels, 400 captains, and I know not how many others. The /(tes given on the occasion will be superb, but J don’t think I shall wait to sce them. | it is a terrible road, about 500 miles. My doctor is terribly scared, especially about robbers; thoy say we are cure to be attached on the road, and if we escape the robbers, ten to one if we escape the | guileys and ravines, and ditches and descents of the mountains. So, if you do not ever mere hear of me in this world, set is down that the last ef mo was seen on the road to Seville. Seville, as there is no other mode possible of tra- vellingin this country. The malle post is execrable —eo he inquired of the conductor, whom he mot, if there was any dangeronthe road. ‘ Oh,” said the conductor, ‘none at all; we take all possible precau- tion and , and sometimes if we toss you over into adifch, or roll over the stage duwa hill, or drown you in a ravine, why, that we cannot help; i: is all natural.” And as to the Ladrones, or robbers, the man gave him similar consolation, telling him thet the robbers were very polite to ladies, and only asked them for their money with much cour- teey; but as to the men, said he, that is quite nt; they generally beat them severely, and serve them like schoolboys, with stripes on their backs, and comotimes a good bastinadoing else- where. When all this was reported to me, I burst out laughing, and determined to mako it a part of my letter. However, joking apart, this journey over mountains, plaine, ravines, and rivers, to Seville, through a wild country, is a pretty serious | wndertaking. } Imuct conclude, as Lam expecting every mo- ment the American Minister, who is coming to take me to the Cortes, to hear the debates, ia tho box of the Limbasey. 1 shall give you an account of all in the next. H. A. B The Rev. Dr. Morlarty’s Lecture in Ste Mary’s Church, A leeture was delivered on Sunday evening, at St. Mary’s Church, (Catholic,) by the Rev. Dr. Moriarty, of Philadelphia, on the subjoct of * The Catholic Church in England—its trials and its triumph:.” ‘he price of the tickets was fixed at twenty-five certs cach, and there was e large audi- ence. The Reverend lecturer commenced by ob- serving, that in the early ages of the world, idola- try favored the tastes of man, and gave a privilege to the wildest excesses of his fallen and depraved nature. The church of Christ preached virtue and denounced vite, and cast 2 powertul restraint over all those fatal corruptions that rendered man, under the system of gentilism, so fatally corrapt. Asia, with her towns and citics, and a hundred towns in the empire of Rome, ross up in dire fury and ven- geance against the preachers and abettors ef the gospel, who wielded a sword to cu’ asunder the chains that bad hitherto bouni the instincts of men to altars like those of Ceres, Venu:, and Bacchus. Tome was drunken with the blood of the Christiane, which free'y flowed through every land, ani at length, when the eword that had destroyed Car:hage bad —then, the ta. orld, r d, aud supporte oS disgrace at Calvary. tru of the churca were mixed with in joy or wept in sorrow, just as virtue’ geined the ascendency in the hi of man, It was thus that he could alm pehold in ignorance that which memor; corded of nucient Rome. The page of history bore no fouler stains than the parsesttions vieed and executed againet the Catholic: in G Britain. Never did the wild beasts of the emp e more duriouely around the professors of the f Christ than did those who sought the blood of the priests in the Jan] of tho Sax Nover did the doctrines of the oman Empire con- | | tain more cruel edicts against the peace and con- tentment, and the rights and propertices of individu- | als, than did the statutes of the British Parliament against the Catholice, and in the encouragement of | their cnemics. Catholics in thatcountry rend the sacred Scriptures, which were the strongest ovi- dence of the perpetual incorruptibility of the Church of Christ. ‘There they had proof that while not hearing the voica of tho Church, men { were in the condition of heathens. Moreover, wo | found intke Hible that tho divine Saviour promised | that he would a! be associated with that | ttor of In the | to the | 3 but the dared to follow out the { Nira im “ask the ing ill tell thee: if thos k with the beroce of Runoeymeds, | not ento undersiand thot thoy should protend interpret she Bible in that way. migbtinterpret itin any way, provided i¢ } inte: parent ic Catholic senso. i 8 and fai rs 0 d nt conspimnous m and dis ct | spirit which bad disgraced a | | oted for honor ! Whence aroso ry L bi eth ot tion which hed formed England into a ¢ ism and of 3 «0 Of this problen or ieular {not. It 0 happens + to | oppreation we were notable tn ® 4 « tant on | tion in one partfoular * event. No sno great prophecy waapronown ook for a olution to ® ¢ombina recorded in history. ana uth was spoken f He would pro- { evidence:—fn an essay upon Hal- | ory of England, by M¢ Macauley (a Pro- | ' tostant), he wrote thug :—« Despo| , an @ CO” eupt a oy, anda ch were the instruments by Beve ed from the yoke of Kome, at wae bop an by Honry murdering hia Jid they Y ot think that @ nics boginning! * gas commenced by Somerset, the brother, and completed by Eliza- aerer of ber esse and sprung from Jt originated in a selfish policy, and yy wae the Lr A gic who did not - mere political job.” This state- « Macauley’s was exceedingly just and a 4. Henry and i:dward attempted to transfor ches of the ancient church, which were intend- afer engrcd and charitable objects, inte theiy trem wives.”” (A laugh.) “lt | murderer of hie” beth, the mar” Iehall start for Seville to-morrow, but they say | ‘The Doctor went, | to-day, to take the places in the diligence for | parpese of decorating their thrones. could be devised more effectually against the Catholics than malicious invective and impudent assertions. History showed that no art, however base, was left unused to array Be ular spoke ageinss the members of the Catholic urch. ¢ ecclesiastical ambition of Elizabeth, and the power of the Pope, and the nesessity of establishing her title to the crown which she had geasped with an illegitimate hand—all induced that woman to persecute the church which she had sworn to sustain. eer the reign of James, the Puritans had gained « visible ascendancy through- out the country, and they wore possessed of a con- siderable amount of interest. As their views tended to subvert all enthonity) they magaieed with great cunning, their operations. hile they pretended to be wholly opposed to the Catholics, all their care was with regard to the movements of an enervating and despised minority of the population of the land. it was no wonder, with these influen- ces, that the Catholic Church was persecuted during the reigns of the Stuarts. It was con- sidered that the religion of James II. made him a tyrant, and an enemy to the constitution. Hore was 2 now element of progrees in persecution. The ignorant multitude was easily led to believe that none but a Catholic prince could be capable of doing that which a Protestant prince had attempted dur- ing modern times—namely, toorect a kingdom oa | the ruins and subversion of lawful and social li- berty. The came causes continued at every poriod to swell the enmity against the Catholic church. It began from the lust of ecclosiastical power, and was coftinued by fanaticiem. Not a single moral mo- tive had anything to with the change. England now boasted that she had destroyed Catholicism; she was the Pantheon of all nations: had intro- duced herdoctrines into India and C| 3; she was the fomenter of rebellions, and the destroyer of revolu- tions on the European continent. The Rev. lecture: alluded at some length to the present state of the Catholic Church in England, which he argued, upon authoritative evidenco, was rapidly being re estab- Nehed. He testified to the grea’ exertions of the Catholic priests during a recent deadly fover in Liverpool, “snd eulogized the benevolence of tho Sisters of Mercy. He severely censared the Eng- lish mivister (Russell) for issuing his well known “Durham letter,” and commented upon the shime- leseners of allowing such a document to em2nate from Woburn Abbey, @ rosidence which his ances- tors had vefariously obtained from the monks. lanced at the condition of Ireland and her Cathotic Shurch, and concluded with an eloquent exborta- tion temembere of the Romish Church. Obltuary. MOSES STUART, OF CHUSETTS. PROFESSOR ANDOVER, MASSA- The Rev. Moses Stuart, Professor of Sacred | Literature in the Theological College at Andover, whose death took place on Sunday, the 4:h instan:, was one of the most distinguished men of our times, whethor we regard him a2 2 theologian, a scholar, or an American citizen thoroughly versed in the political questions ef the day, and always prepared to ast | asit moves. Professor Stuart, at the time of his dsath, which waa caused by influenza, was in the seventy-second year of his age, having been born at Wilton, Con- necticut, in March, 1780. Wo may here remark that the small State of Connecticut has produced more than full share of the most distinguished theologians of this country, of various religious de- nomination:. Mr. Stuart graduated at Yale Col- lege in 1799, and was afterwards tutor in that insti- tution for two years. Ho then studied law, but abandoned that profession for that of the ministry, and in 1506 waa ordained pistor of the Centre Cen- gregational Church in New Haven, where ho soon became distinguished for his eloquence and picty, and those peculiar social traits which endear a clergyman to the people of his a ‘The Con- gregational churches of New England, it will be remembered, are Calvinistic in their doctrines, and differ from the Presbyterians only in the form of church government; the Congregational form be- ing more primitive and democratic in its character than the Presbyterian, and therefore, more con- scnant with the character and habits of the people of New England, the descendants of the Pilgrims. In 1810, Mr. Stuart, after a pastorate of four bs at New Haven, received the appointment of ‘rofeasor of Sacred Literature at the Thoological Institution at Andover, Mass., which Professorship he seers and actively filled till 1848, when he resigned. During bis iong career in the Andover Institution, he acjuired the firet rank as a writer in ecclesiastical literature, and proved himself emi- nent a8 a scholar versed in the classics of Greece and Rome, end in the rare attainment ofa thorough knowledge of oriental languages, antiqaitice, andhistery. From bis prolific pen flowed the most able and learned essays publiel inthe ‘ Biblical Lepository,” a well and, ab | the political questions of his times, roughly A merican in his views and { | made him the favorite, partisularly of his ' cexgd him by our colleger, | of nort* | not mention ‘'l’rench and Hungarian chiefs.” hig letters to Chan- y of reasoning, have philological di yet been answered. pong the published work: of Professi conmerate the following, as the m in addition to bis elabor tepa: ‘y,” before refer 5 Grammar ; now of standard antl s of learning. son the Hebrews. on the Rowans of the Old Teeta- ment Capon. A volume o to Lr Channio ) Doubtiese, many of mons on doctrinal sub- jects, and other posthumeue works of this learned divine, will be published by his friends ; but enough ofhis writings have already appeared during his life time, to place himin the rank assigned him— (including his Letters | among the first American divines and scholars. Professor Stuart always took an active part in nd was tho- ngs; gene- ebster, in rally coinciding with his friend Daniel Farly politics. Me was decidedly opposed to the movements and princip!es of the abolitionists, and always expressed himselfin favor of carrying out the compromises of the constitution With that view, he never failed to exort his influence in pro- ee measures designed to cement the American Rion. In the socfat relations, Professor Stuart was bigh- ly esteemed ; and it has besn remarked, as charac- toristic of him, that those who least agreed with him in opinion—those who dissented even violently from his favorite views—never failed to respect and admire him. Ho had an inward truth of heart, thorovgh nobleness and generosity of nature, a guilelese simplicity and sincerity of mind, wteg upils, and indeed of ail who knew him well. No other in- structor in America ever taught so many pupilsin the department of sicred criticiem, which his thirty. eight years, professorship gave him the opportunity of imparting to studente of theology. His taste and acquirements in elocusion enabled him to exert a favorable influence in that important branch of edu- cation, for the pulpit. In porson, Professor Stuart was of 3 talland commanding fignro, and possessed, in an eminent degree, the qualifications required to render him a pleasing instructor of the young, and an eloquent preacher of the gospel. He always declined the title of Doctor of Divinity, revora’ ama wes The Leeture of Dr. Mort THE EDITOR or TUR NRW vo ete Sr. Mary's Cuuncn, ©, YR % HERALD ome January, 152." § Sm—] beg you will he. ¢ a aa the following dorrest! «re the kindness to publish inthe report of _~?08 Of mistakes which ogcurred paper of thie | - my lecture which appears on your ‘4 Morning. IJ seid that the barbariare «wemn Europe scemed as imporvions to menial suiture as their forests were to the cheering sun- beam. “where once dwelt the happy gons of Paul,” | said, “where once dwelt the happy sons of song.” I did Te tho portion of my lecture referred to, I stated—« if 8 Frankli Henry, a Charles Carroll, and others, numero and brightly sk ig on the pagos of American history, bad not communed with the telligence of classic lands, perhaps the tone of pub: foeling in this favored country would be now o! different kind—] aps a box of tea might have beon considered of greater value than the bright gem of liberty—and instead of being here in the enjoyment of your polite attention, ] might be shedding a hopeless tear over the ravages of despo- tism in another clime, where the images of poetic fondnees are all reversed, and the emerald gem of the western waves, shines only in the mourning ting of the world.” I did not examine the fine arts tat the mass. I made an analytical review of somo arte and sciences, and then asked, ‘* Why should they be deprived of the sweet association with ro- ligion!’ fy publishing thoso corrections of a few of the errors accidental <A ea up with the above- mentioned report, you will much oblige Your obedient servant, P.E. Moriarty, DD. He | his part in the drama of the world | {a another sentence, instend of the words | In } Crop and Supply of Cotton. [From the Charleston Mercury, January 7.) We find, on the first ef September, an unusually small ag; stock on hand in our ports, and the stock held y manufacturers smaller thaa usual; and tho quantity of old cotton held in the couatry was a mere bagatelle. In reply to frequent in- quiry, in relation to tho oxtent of land planted in cotton, compared with former pests, Iwas answered, in substance, that the tide of emigration, from the older cotton States, to Lousiana, Arkansas, and Texas, having been checked, the increasing popu- lation engaged in factorice, in railroads, and the natural falling off in the production of their lands, had, together, been requiring an incroase of grain lanting, having planted very fully the year before fast of cotton, as the prices and peapecte were fa- vorable. If anythiog, the quantity of land planted in cotton was ‘hard 80 great as the year before, though more largely in grain—certainly no sensible increase in cotton. They say they invariably have planted all they could cultivate; but the lands do not vield, of late, such crops of cotton as in former ears. i The season for planting last spring was cold and dry generally, aud backward. In some quertors, thore was no rain from April to August; and, gone- rally, it was the driest year ever knowa in the cot- ton regions. Raining a good deal in August, the plant seemed to have been scalded, and sued off the forms, bloome, and small bolls, causiog vory much alarm amongst the planters. I contended with them, though, at the time, that their crops were not nearly so bad as they really thought. Later, they seo they were mistaken, and confess their crops are better than they supposed—that I was correct, and they were not. “It was not intended on their part to deceive ; but their iojudicious and wholesale com- plaint then, and their crops evidently yielding bet- ter than they declared, has led to an indiscriminate cry now on the other hand, that. the crop will be uite large—which is as incorrect, and as much upon the other extreme. To arrive at a practical conclusion relative to matiers of this nature, we must look at probabili- ties ; judge of the future by the past, and not too readily adopt as realities, expressions, the o: } of fear at cue time, and of hope at another. now present the crop of the Atlantic States. It bas contendod against the longest aud most unusual drought I have ever noticed. I wituessed its eff there. and the appearances indicateda general failure of their crops. Some planters said, they would not make a quarter of last year’s crop, someahalf,&c Let us see what the reveipts of cotton at the Atlantic ports, for the past ten year kave been:— 149-60. “4-8 527,000 3. z eTz000 613, If you observe, the receipts for 1845-% were 462,- 0CO bales, as above shown. You will remember that that summer was very dry; but not so dry, if any- thing, as the past summer andapring. Seeing that their receeipts for the two succoeding years were 80 light, that the three together only avoraged 634,- GOO bales ; and that the third one from it, or the receipts of IS48-49, were 877,000, we are reminded of our information that the crops of those three years were larger than aL Gees by the receipts —asia the crop year of 1848-49, 200,000 bales of old cotton in this division alono were sent forward, made. Goubtless, within these three years. We Way assume, then, that the crop of 1845-46 was 500,000 instead of 462,000. If we call the Atlantic one-third short of last year’s, we have for this year, you will eve, a crop of 500,000 balos—and all that one sees indicates it will be much under that. Allowing for railroad facilities, however, towards North Alabama and Tennessee—I put their crop at 010,000 bales. Three-fourths of the receipts of cotton at the Floride ports, are derived froim the eastern counties of Alabama, where their lands are strong and fresh, andthe southwestern counties of Georgia. I esti- mate it at 170,000 beles. % The receipts at Mobile wo will carefully consider; for, although we receive at least three-eighths of our cotton from high and droughty lands, a portion ofthe remaining five-cighths come from low slough lands, that fail pretty much in wet yoars, and hence are not aH ak their yield. Such a sea- son ac this has been suits them well. I will give below the receipts at this city, from the different rivers for the past five years:— 1850-1, 1849-50, 1818-9. 1847-8. 1846-7. Albame River 214,000 187,000 260,000 193,000 184,000 | Tombigbee ...171.000 102000 176,000 183,000 122,000 Warrior...... €1,000 66000 75.000 54,000 35,000 Wegour 6000 6,000 9,000 7,000 3,000 Total... ...462,000 851,000 519,000 437,000 324,000 Averaging for five years, 417,000 bales. The bat? of last year was 452,000 bales, which wastmartly over the average of the five years past. My anverying estimate for our receipts last year, was 150,000. My conclusion with regard to the Mobile crop is--the Warrior will be 15,000 balos short, the Higbee 10,000, and I allow to the Alaba- ma about the same as last year, which would make for us 425,000; but my estimate for thés port is 450,000 bales, and I am quite confident it will not as wy 8. to New Orleans. Below | tement of their recei for part of five years, from each of the visions:-~ 1SEC-1. 1849-50. €18.000 476.000 1848-9 BL 16 090 217,00 47.000 3,600 1,001,000 1 291 600 be struck with the fact, that from Lake, North Alabama, ‘Lennessee, and Arkansa: | they received a heavier crop last year than for any ast five, not excepting even #ho large od years of 1847 and 1848; whilst Mississippi an Louisiana only fall a little below the average of fiv yeare. Last year the crops of the State of Mi sippi on the Mississippi River bottoms and the Yazoo bottoms were fine, and although not full on the highlands, were near about an average. the led River, in Louisiana, the crop was short of an average. My information then respecting the | New Gnas receipts amounts to this, that tho North Alabama countics are as good, compared | with last year—that tho Western Tonnessee aud | North Miasissippi crops, shipped from Memphis, 6000 35,600 0 | The Mississippi bottoms aro as fine—the Yazoo | bottoms, in Mississippi, not so good. ‘Lhe crops of many of the best counties are not so good—whilst come again will equal last year’s. Inshort,the Missis- eippi State crop is rather under, than over last year. We have to further inquire how will the crop of | .oui- siana, this year, compare with that of last year. Last year it was about 176,000 bales. It will be | as the falling off at Memphis, in Arkansas. and Mississippi! 1 understand not—but | estimate the receipts at New Orleans, 970,000 bales. Texas suffered, 28 did tho other cotton regions— but allowing for some increase of land planted, | put her crop at 60,000 bales. Her vory slow increase in the extent of her crop iz to be ascribed to the de- provi- My estimate then mand tke planters there have for corn and sions from the new settlers. | stands thus :-— The Crop of each po | Had it never beforo occurred, 1 should feel r egret to know, that | differ so much from some gen- tlemen, as | understand do. In referened io the timates of 1316, I discover the prominent one of Savannah was 2,175, 1,778,000— 400,000 balos year was 1,700,000. 8. Last year, the big {crop estimate was 2,500 alos. “My outside estimate was 2,300,000 bales. Theee large estimates aro old | stories, and it would be a tedious thing ior me here toexpose the random attacka which have been made upon this staple. I will simply add, inconfi mation of mny estimates, hat tho average prody* tion of the fir; sears ending in 1845.07 | (iced States drop, was 2 118,000 "es. ‘The average of he fire years iug with 1850, was 2,264,000. Tho inereaso of the last over the first named period is lees than 7 por cont, or only 1] per cent per an- num. | Ineomslusion of this branch of the subjoct—sup ply of cotton--it is to be observed, that the stoci on the first of January, 1550, in the foreign ports, notwithstanding the fullness of the crop ot the pre- vious years, was reduced to an unusually low figuro, and bed in the hands of the manufacturers | very email. The quantity received in Europe from | India, Brazil, &o , has been larger for the past two years than it had beon previon but this appears | to bein consequence of the important fact, that | they can better send their cottoa to iingland, to be returned in a manufactured state, than to manufac. ture it in their own rude way, as formerly, just as | tho old fashioned cards, wheels, and looms in the | South, have been almost totally abandoned, because we can buy the machine-manufactured goods too cheap to be bothered with making tho wares our- selves. | emphatically remark, taat thore is no in- dication from the ascertained and established con- dition of things, that the annual production of cot- ton for years to come, will equal the annual con- sumption, for the reasons, that no other country is adapted to its profitable culture; that it cannot and will not be extensively produced for eale, save by slave labor ; and that we, having reduced all of our lands very nearly to cultivation which produces it, cannot extend it proportionably to its oxtendin, consumption. The opinion | have before submit in a circular, some years since, appears to have be- come a fixed fact, “that the production of the limit- ed quantity ef now lands annually brought into ation, did not more than com te for the falling off in the old by their det stion.”” The immense number of factories of every sort, rai) and plank roads, towps ang ¢legant qountry On | are decidedly short, and so of the Arkansas crop. | | increased some ; but query, will it incroaso as much | balee—the crop was H My ostimate that | cD mansions building and going into operation South, with our largely increasing popeatcn. is demaad- ing the sowing and planing of vastly larger quan- tities of breadsiuffs, than ten years ag quisite. All of which, by the withdraw much labor from the production of cotton to the other productions and industrial pursuits, advanta- geously operate to fivor the {diminished prodaction of cotton. Having considered the subject of supply, that of consumption of cotton wili next engage our atten- tion. Tomy cireular of Slat August, 1450,1 ap- pended tables oxhibiting tho inorease per cent of production as well us coosumption. for the two Re tiods of 1839-40 to 1843-4, and Ib it-5 to ISss-I— fi he increase per cent of con- sumption oftho latter oa the former period was 19s per cent. The increase of supply or crops of enine period, say the five years of IS44-5 to IN{S-9 on that of 1830-10 to 1513-4, was about & por ceat. {called attention espovislly to that oxtraordiaary and gratifying particular, that although the annu- alconsumption was already greater than the an- nual production of cotton, the ratio of increased consumption was already greater than the ratio of increased productiov. his cannot be too etrongly impressed upon our mi: 1 also called attention to anether fact of commanding importance, viz: that in the latter period, 661,000 bales of cotton had been consumed which bad not been reported in any of the tables I had sven or could hear of—whege it has been consumed is not very important for us to Enow, but itis very important to know that it has been, as itexhibite, the ratio of increase in its pro- per view, and in rather an exciting one, if we pro- perly undorstand it e English circulars, of both last aod the year before, observe that @ remarable feature will oxhi- bit itself on the examination of their tables of eon- sumption, and that is, that notwithetanding the high prices which bad been noted throughout the year, the consumption had not only not been di- minished, but that the only probable check would be an instticient supp'y. The consumption of the resent year will be largely over thas of any other in Great Britais, France, and the Contiaent; and the rapidity of its increase in Russia, Germany, and the south of Europe, is highly encouraging. 1 may properly remark here, that important as is the consumption of cotton in France, aud also in Ger- many, that their posantry have been, and are still relying on flax and hemp for a large proportion of their coarse clothes. Dd the 35,000,000 of the Frereh and the 70,000 000 of Gera cotton in the ratio that the United Britain cr Jadia do; the crop of the United States, if doubled, would not sapply their domaud. Cotton? however, ia spreading rapidly in favor and populate in thoge countries. Besides its superiority in bow comfort and beauly—its transcendent udvantage over flax and hemp, is, that it is manufactured en- tirely by macbinery; whereas, flax aud hemp, we must remember, have to be wovenby hand. The Jand that produces them too musi be highly manured, and the labor of preparing for spinning is very severe, and potatoes or wheat is found a more raaanle crop. Cotton is fast supereediog other fabrics. The con umption at the North has fallen off, and the mystery is thus to be solved. The oporators in cotton letting the price yo down s0, compelled the export of large amounts of specio to fill the vacuum produced by the unnatural decline. This exporta- tion caused the Northern banks to suspend their a oustomod accommodations, and tho macufasture: were unable to dictate prices for their manufectures. It is not reasonable to suppose that those who are usually so sagacious will permit this unnatural state of things to be continued. They now must support the price of cotton. Itis not a suere mat- ter ofspeculation, but compulsion, as if they do not, the vaults of their bavks must be ofiectually drained. Cotton and specie are the only things we have to pay the foreign debt with—that is, if with the little tobacco and rice we export, cot:on does not make up the balance, specie must. Will Nor h- ern capitalists close their eyes to this position! Tho imports are enormous, and the amount the erop must command, must correspond in a great degree with the amount of the imports. We now arrive at the question of prices of cotton. There are two branches to this subject. One is, what can an article be furnished at, paying its prime cost, and a reasonable profit for the use of the capital employed? This is its worth or value and commonly its price,and the other is—what can be given for a material, having ascertained what it will command in its manufactured state, deduct the cost to manufasture, and the usual profit for the use ofthe money from that, and the remainder is the worth or value, and ought to be the price ofthe material. This is merely the philosophy of prices, for each party is ap to use ita skill and power to disturb this principle. But let us seo for 2 moment the relative positions the cotton producers and the cetton manufacturers occupy in relation to this value. A few years since, tor instance, the cotton planter bought lands at ¢1_25, and about that, per acre; now > to $10 are low prices. Negroes he bought at $350 to $550 @ piece; now be Rays $700 to $1,000, not to say anything of increased value of rovieions. Then the cost of production has been largely enkanced evidently. A few years since the manufacturer had to k:ep heavy stocks of goeds on band, and worked with machinery which was, com- pared to the modern, quite perfect. He paid a duty on cotton, on his prot ns, and money was scarce and interest high, freights high Now, re- lieved of duties, with int low, freights low, de- mand active for bis goods, his machinery wonder- fully improved, it is evident that he ean afford to | pay the producer more for his cotton then formerly, and yet retain equally as fine a proat.,'tbis is the re- | lative position of the partics, but the cotton planter can kold to his cotton longer than the mane acturer can do without it. Were we to hold on to our cottons for ninety days, they would not have a balo to go on, and being at our mercy, we could make them give Ofreen cents | may sum up with regard to prices, prospects of | consumption, and the crop—that very clement that could be desired is favorable to the planter. Tae crop is an average one nearly, and is obliged, from | the position and concur rence of things, to command | a full, nay,a Ligh price. It cannot be avoided. The stock on hand in Europe is fast melting away. France bas no cotton at all—woe may say, and is acuually shivering from fear. Cargoes at sea are bidfor. he stocksin Eogland are lower now than at this time last year; their receipts in this month and Decomber were unusually heavy; but this year tmoust, from the smallness of the stock of cotton in our ports, be unusually small; while the ratio of their Mle and export is, this year, very much larger than Inst. Hence the stock’ in Liver- pooh on the Ist of January, will bo so light, that }oek for a panic there by or before then, aud if so, where will prices go? Money everywhere is abun- dant. The Bank of Iingland, and the Bank of France, are encumbered with larger amounts of bul- | lion than they ever had before. The barveste have been fine, food must be cheap, interest ie low now, | and falling ; trade is extravagantly good ; no wars, or rumors of wars. Tho Fronch republic seems to be working to euit the people of France adwirably, though some persons have been in a conetant per- spiration from the fear that France might do some- thing thoy would not like. Should ay planter doub! the probability of m: | correctness, let him remember my circalar of m4 January, 1849, issued when middling: here were 5°. | 1 foretold prices would go up, notwithstanding tho crop was largo, and that they would be higher tho next year, than they might reach that. [omem- bor, that notwithstanding the country was swept clear, and somo 300,000 bules of old sotton was eont to market with that crop altogether, swolling our receipts to 2,729,000 bales—that middling cottons sold before the scason was out, in tho face of all theso tremendous receipts, at 105 cents, and with alt the stock on hand at tho end of the year, was mbout the same as the year before, and that our average for the next season was li} conte. Don't forget these things, and that the next yoar, with » crop of 2,555,000 bales, we got an average of 11} cents. You are sustained in a domand for a full price, by the fact staring you in the face, that you | must plant next spring more corn, oate, and whoat, | and do something about raising hogs, as bacon at 10 to iS cents is Digher than cotton would bo at 2. ; cents. ‘The chances are, you cannot make a large | crop the next year. You cannot plant the iand to do it,and make your corn, &o. have refrained from making much allusion to California gold, but as the wealth of the country | has been enormously added to already by it, and | 48 all the accounts concur that gold is still abundant here, wo are cortainly entitled to our share of the | advantage itis conferring on the country. To that We may asoribo the swelling prices of property, and oie advances, our productions must fool ite eects also. Naval Intelligence. Sivas Fricate San Jaciwro.---The ft jog extract from a letter frem an officer on board of the United States steam frigate San Jacinto, just arrived at Norfolk, has been handed us for publication:--- We rearhed this place Sn seven days from New York, having run far out to sem, and baying to lay to in a succession of gales. We were three times compelled to run off the coast, from the haziness of the weather and the want of a pilot. The piston cf our pert engine gave way, and we steamed in with one engine, We carried our spars well, but steered badly, from the propeller and shaft running out on one side of the stern post, The predictions of wiseaores re- garding this versel have signally failed in the essential inte, as she kept all her spars and her engines and oilers, setting aside the break iston, and the rough- ness of entire ly hew and untried engines, bare worked otra har b ‘ived at the Ni rdera bave been received ai Navy Yard, Go to fit out, with all possible despatch, ¢he Ur 8 Levant and 8t. Louis, and ¢xamine the U, United States, and sloop of war Fairfield, and po time would be necessary to get them in ' } ort. Me Ds a ea, condition ‘The U. 8. sloop Mari 2a 0 vai in ran or fa eeso tal oe, et was a | torall for enn jampoa, Oot, 2th—nlro expected ef