The New York Herald Newspaper, January 10, 1852, Page 2

Affairs on the Other Side of the Atlantic. OUR EUROPEAN DESP ATCHES. The Resignation of Lord Patmerston---Sketch of his Successor in Office---The Position of Louts Napoleon->-The Gossip of Park, &c. &e.&e. Our London Correspondence. Lonpon, Friday evening, Dec. 16, 1851. Resignation of Lord Palmerston—He is Succeeded by Earl Granville— Opinions of the Press—Expected Break Up of the Cabinet—Bulwer Likely to be Sent to Paris, vice Normanby—General State of Affairs in Ewrope—Death of Kossuth’s Mother— Reelection of Louis Napoleon—Schwarzenber g's Bon Mot--The Rumored Coalition against Eng- land—A Joint Note of the Despotic Powers— Death of Turner, the Artist—Boxing Night— Portugal, §c., &c,, &c. The event of the week is the resignation of Lord Palmerston—not to apply a harsher term—to the retirement of the celebrated Foreign Minister from the cabinet. My previous letters will have pre- pared youfor this event. For sometime the dis- fention in the cabinet, more especially between Earl Grey and the Foreign Secretary, had attained a pitch which rendered the retirement of one of them indispensable. The coup d’état at Paris, for a moment, prevented the solution. Tho announce- ment was made public on Wednesday morning in the leading article of the Times, as follows :— A few days ago after the departure of all the ministers from London, snd st the near approach of Christmas, ® cabinet council was unexpectedly summoned, a though no assignable cause of pubiic interest had oc- curred to explain this sudden requisition. This cabi- net was held on Monday, the 22d inst, and it was re- marbed, with surprize, that Lord Palmerston, one of the most assiduous members of the government, was not present. From there circumstances, suspicion was ex- cited, and rurmise became rife, We now have it in our power to remove all further uncerteinity onthe subject, for we ere enabled to announce that, from the day on which that cabinet was held, Viscount Palmerston ceared to hold the office of Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, or to be a member of her Majesty's government At the moment lam writing, a Privy Council is Deing held'at Windsor Castle, at which the seals of the office of Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs will be delivered by the Queen to Earl Granville, who is Palmerston’s successor. Lord Granville is, comparatively Rpenking) a young man, being in his 37th year. le was, for some time, attache at the |:mbassy at Paris, and, in 1846, succeeded to the earldom. His name has been often before the public, lately as Chairman of the Council of the Great I:xhibition of 1851. He has represented various constituencies in Parlia- ment, and is regarded a3 a man of considerable talent and diplomatic skill. Soe Conjectures abound as to the likelihood of the cabinet lasting in its now modified form. Some loudly aesert that Palmerston has been sacrificed to the despotic governments. A general break up ofthe cabinet is predicted by others. Time only will ehow. he T enclose you the opinions of the London morn- ing journals. The Chronicle, which has, all along, attacked nearly every act of Palmerston, pays him a handsomo tribute, as regards the independent osition he arsumed towards the great powers. If e has been sacrificed to the despotic powers, as is hinted at by the Times, his popularity will increase tenfold by his retirement from office. Palmerston was the substance of Lord John’s cabino'—bis great experience, his readiness to assume the responsi- bility of the acts of all his agents, his eloquence and agreeable manners, will not easily be replaced. it is probable that Sir Henry Bulwer, recently Ambassador to the United States, will replace Nor- manby, at Paris. I have no doubt that I shall have other changes to announce in my next. fy Baron Brunnow, the Russian Ambassador, had a long interview with Lord John Russell, at his pri- vate residence, yesterday. ae The Marquis Azeglio, the Sardinian Ambassa- dor, is at Paris, watching the course of events thero. Sardinia and Belgium are the two powers that would cuffer most from a coalition between the despotic governments. Austria has ordered addi- tional troops to the Sardinian frontier. Sardinia is the last buiwark of liberty in Italy. Old Mar- sha} Kadctzki bas received fuli powera to put down, with the sword, every attempt at a rising in Italy. The Hurgarian papers announce the death of the mother of Kossuth, at Pesth. This lady and Koseuth’s sister were recet. ly arrested by order of the Austrian governnent. 2 Louis Napcleon is re-elected President, by a ma- jority of rome seven million voces. It would be needieesly occupying your space to give you the details of the votes in the different department: andtowzs of France. The prestige of the name of Napoleon did wonders for him with the peasantry. Being the only candidate in the field, the people, morecver, Hae choose between him and anarchy. The election has, however, been, in every sense, a sham. He has gained his point so far—he is de tea Emperor. Will he assume the name, or will e be satisfied with what he has obtained, provided always he can keep it? For, as Prince Schwarzen- berg wittingly observed, ‘‘ Ji est facile de raire des coup d’états aver des Caionettes, mais il est difficile de sasscoir dessas,"—it is easy enough to make | coup d’états with bayonets, but it is difficult to sit firmly upon them. b: | The army remains seemingly devoted to him Fears are etertained, insome quarters, that a coali- tion between the great continental powers will lead | to a war against England. Should that event take | place, Palmerston would enter office again as pre- mier, and England rise, like one man, in defence of ceontivariinal liberty. We live in critical times; | but the blessings ef peace are too well appreciated | in the present century, for nations to1un headlong | into the unavoidabie disasters that follow in the trackof Mais. There is, however, sufficient matter Hiary Mark, a cessful resistance, seven thousand soldio: been drawn een chief appeared in the uniform ot a Russian | whoee duty is, like Paul d-marshal. A few days later another great :ni- spectacle took place on the piazza of St. ark, when the Venetians had the opportunity fforded them of calculating the chances of - Fue. rs wu up in battle array on that celebrat spot of ground. This time the Russian ce Wore an Austrian uniform, and placed himself at the head of the regiment bearing his name, Radetzky still weacing the Russian dress. According to the best authenticated rezorts, the Russian standing army amounts at the present time to $10,000 mea— at all events, on paper. Of these, 640,395 are in- fantry ; and it is estimated that the Czar is able to dispose of a force of 300,000 men, in the event of a European war, tocover his frontiers from the North Sea to the Lower Danube. Our Cologne Correspondence. Coroner, December 22, 1851. The Effect of the Coup d’Etat of Louis Napoleon in | Germany—Frustration of the Hopes of the Demo- crats—Rescue of Russian Despotism from its Difficulties—Reaction against the Progress of Li- berty in Germany--The German Princes and German Nobles—Horrible Picture of the Enslived Condition of all Classes—The Press Gaggei—A Sccret Police—Military Despotism Complete—The Importance of having theright kind of men appoint- ed American Ministers and Consuls on the Con- tinent of Europe—The Inefficiency of some of the Present Incumbents. The close connection between the recent events in France and the reactionary measures of the Ger- man princes, may render it acceptable to you, of receiving some direct accounts of how in Germany the coup d’ etat of Louis Napoleon is viewed, and what effect the same must have on this country. The aristocratical system prevailing in Russia bo- came jeopardized by the neighboring German states having obtained, in 1848, state constitutions, and thereby been enrolled into the ranks of liberal governments; the consequenses which naturally might arise throughout the Russian dominions could not be viewed by the Czar with indifference, and it was therefore natural that he put everything in motion, with a view of seeing the German parlia- mentary system annihilated. The distressed situa- tion of Austria, which was obliged to call for his assistance, gave him the best chance of achievia; his purpose; it opened to him what so long he ha ardently desired, an open inter‘erence in the Ger- man afiairs. Ore ef the conditions by which he ranted to Austria the use of a large army against Fiucgacy, was, that Austria pledge itself not only to abolish its own state constitution, and return to the former absolute system of government, but that it also engage to execute all those plans which Russia might consider necessary to put into cxe- cution for the total eradication of the parliamentary system on the continent of Europe. Inconsequence of this treaty, was the league to revive the defunct German Diet which was formed with Bavaria, Wurtemburg, Hanover, Saxe, and the Hesse, and Prussia forced to abandon its schemo of a German federal union; besides that by the pusillani- mity of its king, and the pitiableness of his advisers, Prussia lost the rank and influnce of one of the Eu- ropeap great pow nd was degraded to a mere second-rate Germal te. u With the unconditional revival of the German Diet, as the mere organ of sovereign princes, was the doom of parliamentary representation in Ger- many sealed. The Czarhad succeeded of enslaving this country, without firing a gun, and merely by the German princes preferring to be vassals of Russia, ieateanl of reigning over free and independ: ent subjeets But the sword of Damocles continued to hang over the German princes, and was destined to doso as long as despotism was not restored in France aleo; it could not be said that the revolution had been closed, unless parliamentary government was also destroyed there. Only after the yoke ef absolu- tism had also been thrown ever the French nation the Princes considered themselves safe. Ali of them united, therefore, to bring this about; every wheel was set in motion, no money was spared, the parole was given to create dissension between the executive and the legislative branch of the French geverpment, and between the majority of the lat- ter. How well the diplomats have worked, past events show; in Louis Napoleon they had found a willing tool, who, to realize his ambitious dreams, was willing to eacrifice every thing, andnotto shrink from any crime, if be only could gain his point, for which purpoec be had sold himself entirely to theRus: sian Czar, of whom, like the “ierman princes, he is now a mere vassal and bondsman. ‘The usurpa- tory acts of Louis Napoleon ware, therefore, to the German princes, no matter of surprise; they were in the tecret, and bad beforehand taken their meesurer, in case his usurpation should fail. Their official organs naturally applaud all the acts of Napoleon; he does not go even far enough, acoord- ing to them, in his extermination of the revolu- tionary institutions. All the thirty thrones in Germany are surrounded by a host of nobiemen, who with, few exceptions, are too poor to live as euch, and too peaud to get boid of any other pro fession than tbat of serving their princes in the military and civil service. Like a swarm of locusts they fced upen the labor of the people, without work- ing ieckulyen ‘This nobility is hereditary by all the male issues; theirnumber increases, therefore, toan alarming rate. Whilst these princes consider them- selves as superior beings, created by the Almighty to governthe people. the nobility imagines that it is also made ot a better stuff than the common peo- ple. They form, wherever they can do so, a distinct caste, out of which they only marry for sake of money. Germany has also a money aristocracy, consist- ing generaily of men who, by the fancy of fortuno, bave been made wealthy without their own doings, | either by inheritance or the rise of government and other stocks. This class, idle and without occupa- tion, is highly pleased if the nobility prevents them to asrociate with the same. They make up their want of noble blood by furnishing to the nobility splendid parties, and defraying the expenses of other plegsures. ks The revolution of 1848, which gave to their ceun- on the tapis for serious thought. Austria has been downright rude to Epgiand, and has ratified her intention of giving every possible anuoyance to En- | glishmen travelling in herdominions. On the 12ch | inst , the Austrian, Kussiar, and Prussian govern- ments presented a joint note to the English govern- | ment demanding the expulsion of political refagees | from the horpitable ehores of Englard—forgewting | that but recently Metternich was but too glad to | avail himself of such a harbor of refuge where more | than one exiled monarch and statesman has found | shelter ond protection y is It is stated on good authority, that Guizot has been offered the presidency of the new l'rench Se- nate by M. de Moruy, and that be has ascepted it. Tan scarcely credit it; but he may have bis mo- tives for doirg so. “Cavaignac aud the other state prisoners bave been set at liberty in the same arbi- trary manner in which they were arrested. (Gra- vier de Cassagnac has published in the Constitu- tionne/ a full account of the resent coupd'éiut. It has been trarsiated into all the London papers, and will havereached you by Wednesday's steamer. The aflair of the Prometheus has created very little attention bere. it is regarded as a local affair, which will be settled in the proper quarter "Tonight is ‘boxing night.” Drury Lace opens | under the management of Bunn. The other thea- tres present e good programme, but Bann is deter- mained to carry the hela, having made preparations on a scale of great mognificence. He combines opera, drama, id balict Turner, the bru Marine views, 4 He leaves tou private galle sums, ard | | aipter, also of large fortune. mreif, in his relused enormous ntei that he would either burn them before be died, or have them buried with him. | He wae an crigiva), but of great imagination The Portuguere Chambers were opened by a epeech from the ()ucen « rtugal, on the 15th. | The news of 1 aris by electric telegraph, note of exuitation There bas been a reaction in the Fr In consc quence of #n article in the ¢ epeaking of the y ii Cents, the Fives te etill further since : ‘Vhere is no charge ia the ; + of g of the Five per d have declined | forgotten the proclamation, the 24 ot Decem 21 De. responeldl 2 Ministers d A Council « men, pr paring of them before the L 4. A Legisintire & nomid by unve fel-ifier ihe slecticr 6. A wecond Ascent of the country as a pre of the funoamentel ecm pa Thiere tays the eu jater | : etaky hae arrived with a large steff . partly to wiry be g » Grand ‘hat | of the wretched condition Germany is now in | wars sviler it, and not riee? | holders—such as judges, lawyers, physicians, clergy- | prised therecf, they would not know where they | theresore entirely paraly aed try the blessings of self government, and abolished therewith the pretensions of privileged castes, was, therefore, to them, an abhorrence; they combined on that onset easily with the princes for a reaction, and rejoice now with them in the success of Na- pol leon. But the intelligent, the patriotic part, and the great mass of the Germans, although they have no sympathy for the late French National Assem- bly, nor had any confiderce in the expediency and durability of the French constitution, feel griev- ously affected by their end. They consider that Louis Napolcon, in murdering the existing institutions of France, destroys also every liberal principle and civilization of their own country. ‘The fear of a possible succ2ss of the repub- lican party in Frene, at the election of 1852, had kept the German yrinces, at least, inthe same way, within bounds; but this barrier to their | cespotism having now been removed, the most ar- bitrary and despotic governments must be expected ajlover Germany. Justice and lawsexistno longer, when the princes are ailected thereby; the judi- ciary courtskave been deprived of the cognizance of every political ease, aud of all those im which cither the prince or the State isone of the parties, All those cases are assigned to the ju ction of courts martial, composed of soldiers of ali ranks, too often so ignorant as not to know how to read | and write, and, in all cases, without ary kuowledge of the Jaws and statutcs, and to thore courts inar- tial, questions ¢f the gravest kind are submitted; | public functionaries ot the highest standing are tricd by them, for their offisal civil acts. That their proceedirgs cau be nothing more than a meckery, and that, ia reality, the decisions of those courts martial are merely toe expression of the will and whim of the prinecs, can easily be conceived In consequence of the success of Napoleon, the German sovereign rulers have it now all their owa way, and they carry it witha high hand; their tubjects sre nothing more to thei than s0 many catue cr slaves, with which they may do as they Vs, ase, 1ot being responsible for their acts to any put to Ged, whilet they acknowledge no rights whatever, in their subjects, but merely duties to perturm, they (the pricces) oan, according to their views, do them ro wrong. Our people in the United States can form no ae The Germane are even worse off than they were a cen- tury ago, as atthat time there was at least an inde- pendent aristocracy, who stood between the people und the princes ; but the nobility, by being mosuy | in cduced civeumstances, have now been degraded n ratk down to mere valets of their sovereigns Tke question will naturally arise—why do the Ge family, and find out their po! Pry, to intrude in litical sentiments, bi it is also the duty of every officeholder to give infor- mation whenever he has heard anything uttered inst his sover . With this spy system, with their possession of the railroads and telegraphs, and an immense armed force, it would be mere folly if the Germans made, at present, an attempt to throw off the iron yoke of Genpotiom. The military organization in Germany is so well weenie and of such a nature, that all those who belong to it, from the General down to the private | soldier, are nothing more mere tools of the sovereign will of their princes. The moment that a young man is drawn as agoldier, he has to give up all physical and moral independence; quartered in a barracks, he becomes separated from his for- mer asacciates, with whom he is no longer allowed to mix; he can neither walk, speak, nor doany- thing, without having either a non-commissioned officer, or an older comrade, as a spy of his actions, nearhim. The non-commissioned officers in Ger- many—generally sons of former ones, or of public subordinate functionaries—can never rise to com- missioned officers; they generally serve for a num- ber of years in their . and receive afterwards, as areward for their services, an inferior office, such as toll-gather, or policoman. The living to which they may be promoted depends entirely on the manner in which they have shown themselves willing and able to oversee their subordinates—- whether they have blindly obeyed every command, and if they have made feed Hine A concerted action, or even a mere deliberation of the soldiers, without the knowledge and consent of their oflicers and superiors, isa matter of impossibility, and can only occur when, as in 1818, the princes aud their adherents became penis struck, and lost the reigns of their governments; and such, by the Ger- man democrats, was expected Ren in 1852. Their calculation was that the social republicans would have carried the day, which, in consequence of the d spo ‘ism carried on of late, by the princes, with so high a hand, would have produced another revslu- tion, and with it an entire revulsion of the political and social state of affairsinGermany. The coup @état of Louis Napoleon has frustrated all their plane, and it is therefore no wonder that even the democra‘s of Germany have become sensibly affected by his illegal measures, by which, for the time being, he has secured to himself the good-will of the Czar and the princes; but how long, is another question. They are willing that he should remain a sufficient time at the head of French aftaire, in order to restore there order and despotism; bnt when he has done s0, and the French have become accustemed to their yoke, then he is expected to turn General Monk, and to lay down his office in favor of the legitimate king, Henry V. The ques- tion, however, will then be, whether Napoleon might bo willing to do so. Although the German princes, and all those who are fanatical admirers of tranquillity—no matter whether produced by and connected with the Russian knout and military des- potism--now consider liberal and parliamentary self government forever destroyed onthe Continent, and believe that Louis Napoleon will, in their dos- truction, go sll lengths with them. In this they may find themselves greatly mistaken. He might, and undoubtedly will, share the fate of Charles X. and Louis Philippe, should he seriously intond to do what is expected; so that in the end, for the sake of self preservation, he may consider it more for his interest to pursue a more liberal and legal course, and thereby assist the poor Germans in liberating themeelves. Meantime, the iron rod of despotism will lay heavy ard destructive on this country; and, in fact, it may truly be said that the Goddess of Liberty has, in Eurepe, no other asylum than that left in Groat Britain. The United States of America have never becn a favorite with the German Princes; but our country is now an abhorrence to them. Not being able to undertake anything, or to injuro anything, they confine themeelves to having our country and institutions villified and elandered in their official organs; §but so much is fae taey will not stop there, but will let our ther spite and animosity on every Aimerican citizen, who may have the misfor- tune to tran:gress any of thoir ordinances. [t is, therefore, of great importance—and which you, in particular, ought never to coase to urge—that the legations and consulates of the United States in Germany, be filled with men who, in sentiment, aro true Americans, and able and willing to do their duty. In this respect we are very badly off. In coming from lingland, France, or Belgium, our countrymen find the first American consulate at Aix la Chapelle, tho incumbent of which, having, however, so much to do with commercial transac- tions—this oflice being the next best to the Livi poo! one, yielding an annual income of four to five thousand dellars—the Consul there cannot find time nor leisure to attend to such business as protecting his countrymen, from which he derives only v2xa- tion, but no fees. The nerest consulate from there isthe one at Fravkforton the Main, the incumbent of which is an old genuleman, of eighty years, so infirm and crippled that he cannot even snuff his ova nose, but requires @ servant to do 0 forhim; be c2n, therefore, naturally do nothing for a fellow citizen, but bas to turn him over to his son in-law, a Ger- man, who bas never been in the United States, and who has so much to do with his grocery shop that it would not suit him to atterd to onr fellow citi- zens, who are strangers to him, and from whom ke has no profit to expect. Although the income of the consulate at Irankfort may be too trifling 'o warrant the ret Dg of our superannuated and infirm Consul, till, where the honor and the inte- rect off0 many of our citizens are concerned, our country ought to be differently vepresented, and eur citizens have a right to expect that our Con- eul, intuch an important place, should be a gen- tleman willing and able to act. Frankfort, by being the seat of the German Dict, near which every ove of the thirty-four Germaa States has a representative, offers the best and most commodious way of removing difficulties which may have befallen any of our citizens. A single personal application of the Consul to the representative of the State corcerned, will generally suffice to re- dress those grievances of which an American may haveto complain. But howfcan that be expec'ed, if the contul is asinfirm as a ehild, and the acting consul, by keeping a grocery shop, does not pos- sess, in this country, with us, that respect and ¢onsideration which, according to tho office he represents, he ought to enjoy. ore gnon. Our French Correspondence. Paris, December 9, 1851. State of Affairs in Paris—Condemnation of Louis Napoleon, §c. the French below even the standard of Rus- sian or A serfdom. It would to recount a artof the details which ay ow, o! rut an he 60] Hinstioned and dirested by the Lighost ‘authority, ‘Women as well as men have been its victims. ‘T' particulars would shock and disgust; and I can as- sure qa that you cannot erred anything so bad that it would not be exceeded by the reality. No words can convey to you an adequate idea of the horrors which have been enacted here within a fow days, and all under the disgusting pretext of saving the State. Before concluding, I will merely observe, in reply to these who excuse the conduct of the usurper on the Eos of its necessity as a means of proventing civil war, i. ¢.,a war bet ween himselfand the Assem- bly, that such a war could never have arisen if the executive a yonsr had shown a disposition to confine itself within its own constitutional limits. Would the Assembly have entertained any plots or designs ainst the n or power of Louis Napoleon had they not had a perfect knowledge of his criminal designs against themselves and the government ; or had they been assured, (in other words) that at the expiration of his term of office he would have retired from power, and submitted himself, in con- formity to his oath, to the conditions of the funda- mental law! Had he done so, or had his conduct left any hope that he intended so to act, no cause of quarrel between the page lative and executive powers could have existed; and the Bonapartists and republicans uniting, for in this case they would have been identical, would have been too stron, for the monarchists, and the republic would have been saved, and not @ drop of blood shed, nor a murmur heard. But I must conclude this long let- ter. Ihave no more room left for anything further at present. I willrepeat only what I said before, viz: that the play is but begun. We aro waiting for the denouement. Yours, H. M. Decemper 17, 1851. Condition of France—-The Coup d’Etat—Tie Military, §c. The Prince, President, Dictator, Emperor, or whatever else they may think proper to call him, continues still to exercise his office of Journalist General of France. Not a word nor a syllable secs the light (if light it can be called, where there is no light,) which is not sanctioned and authorized by this voracious gormandizer of all political, civil and military power, or which, from its baseness, servility, or mendacious character, is not certain to mect his approbation. Journalism, properly speak- ing, is at an end—tbe press is completely crushed. Sheets, indeed, bearing the names of journals which lately existed, are again to be scen; but, alias! how changed ! The palpable body, indeed, is there— the outer form—but the soul is fled. “We start, for soul is wanting there.” The rest of the comparison is hardly applicable, for 1 confess I can see no particular ‘beauty’ in the form or outward aspect of the Parisian journals. But soul they had, undoubtedly, until it was violently expelled by the irresistible force of the coup d'état, backed by one hundred and fift; thousand bayonets. It is sad to think how muo! talent, learning, eloquence and ability have been suddenly crushed by sheer brute violence. The thousands of clever and accomplished men whose pens sustained the press while it enjoyed comparative freedom, and some of whom had made the meelves illustrious by their writings, havo been forcibly driven from their honorable employment. One of the most dissinguished of them, and whose name is well known in America—Monsieur mile Girardin, late editor of the Presse—has, it is said, beccme inane. Monsicur Lamartine, beloved for his amiability, esteemcd and respected for his rectitude and high principles, and honored for his independence and courage, hasretired from his con- nection with the Pays, the journal of which hoe was lately chief editor. I mention these two instances particularly, because the names and characters of these two gentlemen are well known in the United States. They, however, aro but two out of hundreds who have been the victims of the present fystem of breaking down, rooting up, or enslaving and degrading every occupation or profession which requires for its honorable exercise apy degree of liberty and independence. "he question naturally suggests itself, whatis to become of 0 numercusa bedy of hignly intelli- gent, liberal minded, and, in many instances, highly giltedmcn? Ispeak, of ceurse, of that portion of tue corps editorial who are teo honorable to prosti- tute themeelves to power. They canrot quit the country, norcan they ever be reconciled to the crushing derpotiem whose malignant star is now in the ascendant, and whose continued domination is £0 utterly incopsistent with the free exercise of their peculiar talents and powers. This class of men, as well a8 every other who have any self- respect ard intelligence—any sense of moralobdliga- tion, and who can see a scoundrel as well in purple as in regs—willever be the searet or open enemies of the present order of things. To give you an idea of what honorable aid high minded gentlemen think of the present reign of brass aud bayonets, J will meption one out of a great number of instances of distinguished indi- vicuals, who, having found their names placed upon the lit of the frieuds and adherents of the Elysée, have expressed their dispieasure and indignation at discovering that they had been thus disgrace- fully smugg'ed into a connection which they heartily despised. This ore was that of Morsicur Sucket due de Albuféra, (son ot the Maréchal of that name.) who, finding bimself thus unceremo- viously treated, wrote a letter to the present occu- pant of the Elysce, expressing his dissatisfaction at what had been done without his knowlejge, and observirg to the would be emperor that the uncle of the Jatter had ennobled his father (the late Duc do Albufcra)’s name, and that he (the nephew) | had now disgraced it by placing it upon the list of his (the nephew's) friends. This, 1 am told, has been published in the English pspers--for in the French papers, es I have already intimated, no- thing is permitted to appear which in the remotest way may reflect upon the conduct or character ofthe present self-constituted bead of the French goveinment, if, indeed, We may dignify with such a name the aggeciation of unprincipled and profligate | adventurers who, for the time, have the game in | their hunds. That you may judge of the sort of toels made use | of to aid in the late burglary upon French liberty, I may mention what is in the mouth of every one, viz:—that one of the members of the present cabinet, All open resistance has ceased, yot the fasillades, night after night, continue. Nota word of them, however, appears in the few miserable, slavish journals which, trembling before the despot, dare to peep out from their dark corners. The only jour- nalist in Paris at present, and I may say indeed in France, (so far as it is possible to learn anything of what is going on,) is the master of the Elysée, who, under the false and lying pretext ‘of saving the State,” has monopolized all power into his own hands—havirg (to sum up all in a few words) dis- solved the National Assembly in defiance of the express words of the constitution; seized upon all ite most eminent members who were oppesed to his nefarious designs, and buried them alive indungoons; disarmed and crushed the National Guard ; robbed the bank, and butchered in cold blood all those, of whatever class or character, who dared, by acry, or a word, or look, to manifest the slightest opposition to Lis arkitrary will. 1 say that the perpetrator of all there crimes is at this moment the only j purnal- ist in France; for no one dares publish one sy tlable which is not sanctioned by his authority ‘To show you to what an extent thie odious tyraa- ny is carried, J will mention what (among other thing) | have heard, and upon the best auchority. Hie tls the Mnitew and Patree, lists of those who were said to have given in their adhesion to his government. Among them were the names of many «istinguished persons who, aud whose friends, wore highly indig- nant to sce themselves included in such, as they thought, # disgraceful category. Yet ure such per- fons denied the means in any way, except in con- versation with their friends, to vindicate themselves against the calumny of being announced to the Wor!d ae adherents of the usurper, No one knows what bas become of M. Gerardin, the famous jour- nalist; he, like Generals Cavaignac, Changarnier, Flo, Lamoreceire, and huudrede of others who were feared, and therefore bated, hus been probably con- fined in a dungeon or departed out of the country, | no cue knows whither. | bave it direct from a gen- Uemen, a friend of wine, who is intimate with the iuetnicus astronomer, M. Arago, that /umanuel Arago, the ton, who is a member of the Assembly, bas dirappeared and can no where be tound. Ho 'To do so at this m ut is, however, quite an impossibility. Their | princes bave a)! the power in their hands. Beside | tbe host of noblemen,who, asalready stated, depend | entirely on them, there are as many more office | mon, teachert, collectors, constables, and whatever | ether designation they may have—who, all of them, | | depend op their salaries or canoluments for their own | end their families’ support; and should they be de- | could get their bread. Tue government, by terror- has, therefore, all of thei in its hand, as, even Tce who receive 10 uch ay lawyers and | phy ricient--necd a lice hich governwent can, vpcer one cr the other plea, withdraw from them Thee, the intelligent part of the Germans, are The remaining part, slired to opposition, lack Jead qed, anda simultaneous rising ’ he ) even were they fi cre; the presses ay | tuates the goverrment and ite myrmil has ciiber been ecized and imprisoned, or has been obl’,ed, Jike €0 many otuers, to conseat hin On Thursday, the day ou which most of the f ip the streets was done, ibis ideutoccurred, whien I giveycu ae a specimen of the epirit whi body of lanceis were passing through the lieu, Which was densely crowded wt (b With apaicus or curior ens of persons cried out, Vice le Rep Some one | by the tien of th after beirg compelled to quit the urmy for good and sufficient reasons, became subsequently a muitre | @a mes, or fencing master, and then un actor at the | Gymnare, one of the minor theatres. ihave been | informed of other circumstances of the career of the same individual; but, if I dwelt upon euch small matters, shouid have no room leit for things of more importance. I can assure you, however, that from the sample I give you of the stuff of the present government, you may form a very just idea of the | remainder of the piece. It is composed of the worst and most corrupt materials—a crew of lawless, godless, worthless and desperate men, who look upon politics as a game of trickery and chicane, 'n which every player is expected to exert his utmost skill in an endeavor to overreach | and pillage his antagoniete, ard in which the peo- | ple ard ibe country are not any farther considered than as the common epoil to be plundered and di- vided. In Judas Ixcariot, John Wilkes, and Ro- bert Macsire, we see the fecble types ofthe good faith, the religion, the.patriovism, and the morality ofthe present rulers of the French. You may think, perbaps, that in saying this, I induige in a figure of epecch, and that I mean wuat I say to be taken with grains of allowance: but if youdo $9, you are mistaken | mean what I say to be taken inthe fullest and strongest sense, und to the letter. No exprcstiors can be to strong that can be used in conveying av idea of the execrable turpitude and villany ot the chief actors in the late bloody drama. The diffcully to find expressions sufficiently strong. We {cel that words are wanting, and weak and impotent to convey to others an impression of the profound disguet and abhorrence with which we view the conduct and character of all those who kave been, cither as leaders or followers, the active ard willing agents in tho perpetration of an crimes ever ocmuuitted against the peace aud well being of society. J have good avthority for saying that the army, from the highest to the lowest grades, have received | bribes for lending their aid to the commission of | this actctinfemy. ‘Vere must, doubtless, be many | boncrable exceptions. It cannot be believed but that in so Jarge an army there must have been | many whoscorned the proffered bri t fiimly believe, there were many instanses of such | noble corduct, they have not been, as you may dily cuppoee, allewed to come to light. beard the amount of the sums rece ferent cs oft smounlicceived is quence, and is Jiak owell upon that the wk to ha en received | were very considerably too, who were employed 8 jaited from a fow sous frances (a dollar), and bloocy work to the sat ss taskmaster, they received The pay atthe « in there butchcric (centr) @ day to fis they kad Gore thei ¥ remwor | cer in command turned roure 4 | @eracuity often f | the group, M—— pour la sipubli | Premirent amor whose services Very rots and contemptuous expresso! were i scqubaitic no ty morable dys of fellow. replied using the came wo: | Thurecuy wed Friday (Jeudt and V 1), wore vows meme,” v y t habi- trooper, who, by 1, had be- eo Mu their band bs, and, of courre ) omg Fections Among the Vievimis of (his ou was hee, bud beceme dead to every én elderly nan Who was perfectly inno of aby sp, ard would cut upa French | offerce, execpt thet of feeling, perhape, contiment itizen—v as Jittle remorse asa a boned or unboned AN AMERICAN. Alderman we | act Which we regurd as among the most atrocious | | eccording to repe bara’ fer the rcxt revo ution Our Paris Correspondence. POLITICAL. Paris, Dec. 25, 1851. The Elections and the Coup (Etat Maker—How the Success of Lowis Napoleon was achieved—His Three Phases Described by Himself—His Probable End —The New Constetution—The Real Causes of the Coup d@’Etat— The State of Siege—The Liberty of the Press—Rumor of a New Ministry of Police— The Prince de Joinville— The Old Dynasty on the Qui Vive—The Galley Slaves in the Colonies—Dif- Siculties with the Sublime Porte—A Te Dewm for the Election of the Usurper. ‘The elections are over, and as foretold in my pre- ceding letter, the result of the vote has been in faver of the coup d’état maker. The number of yeas ascertained in the city of Paris, and the neigh- boring provinces and departments, and arrived here by the way of magnetic telegraph, amount this morning to 4,092,000 in favor of Louis Napoleon, whilst there are 891,000 votes against him. Despite of this immense majority of about 5 to 1, the nnmber of 891,000 voters who have refused their approbation to the usurpation of tho rights of the constitution of 1848, is large enough to appear as the magic hand at Belshazzar’s feast, who wrote the threatening words, Mene, mene, tekel, Upharsin, and to be the omen of a strong opposition, for the next political campaign, to everything emanating from the Presidency. I will advise tho readers of the Hexap not to believe the report of the French papers, by which it is assured that the enthusiasm has been so great, at the re- ception af the news, that a large number of the houses of the capital have been illuminated. This is entirely false. Onthe contrary, there isa sort of stupor epread all over the city, and no one can explain why this state of things is thus continued. In my opinion, the result of the eloction may be attributed to the exaggerated articles of La Patriz, Le Constitutionnel, and other newspapers, which were filled with artieles of the most incendiary kind. Any one who had read those articles, which, on account of the etate of siege, could not be refuted by other newspapers, would have supposed that we were threatened in France by a total destruction; and, accordingly, the weak minded thought it pru- dent to follow the advice of the Elysean newspapers, which pointed out, as a way of safety, the election ot Louis Napoleon. I feel confident that if the li- berty of the press had beeu allowed, the President wonld have beenentirely defeated. Well! now Louis Napoleon has obtained a part of his ambitious wishes—-he is now elected for ton yearstocome. On the third of next month, being the firet Saturday of January, he will publish the Lew constitution, with which he thinks to make the French people happy as lords. He is now busily en- gaged in writing and discussing every article ofthat imperialist charter with Messrs. Troplous, louher, ard de Morny; but I am told, thet in despite of all the suggestions made oy his advisers, Louis Napo- leonis so obstinate that muny articles of that new constiliution will prove to be just as despotic eas ever tho laws of his glorious uncle were. I know, for a certainty, that there will be two chambers— onecalled the Senate, the other the House of Re- presentatives; end bota of them will keep their sittings private, and shut against the public gaze and hearing. This will make but a small dif- ference, for they will have but to sanction and agree to the Jaws and ordinances whigh will be presented by the President and his cabinet. Iho Chiei of the State will have the power to declare war egainst otier nations, to mauage the money matters of the country as he pleases--to do and undo; in short, Wespotism will succeed to the unlimited lberty which we have erjoyed since 1815 (at Jeast with few exceptions, even under Louis XVIII, Charles X., and Louis Philippe) till 161. Such will be the result of the coup d'état of the 2dinst. Alas! who could ever believe that a nation which has spent £0 much blood, siace 1793, to conquer its liberties, has voluntarily submitted toabardon all its privileges in favor of such an ambition ? From this very moment, I declare, according to the coniestion of an immense number of my con- temporaries of the Farisiau press, that jowrnalisme is dead in France. Meny of these men of talent, wko have deveted their lives to fighting in favor of their liberai principles, have decided, not only to break their pens into pieces, but also to abandon the toil ot France. 1 have already mentioned, in my last letter, the departure of M. Emile de Gi- raidin. Ihave now to disclose the exile of Mesars. de Chambolle, Nettemont, Neftzer, Victor Hugo, and many others J could: ame, who are more or less known on your side of the Atlantic. Ag it may be seen, a& state of demoralization is hanging uver Frauce, acd no ore can tell what fate, is reserved for us by Providence. One thing is perfectly clear to every wan of sense, and thut is, Louis Napoleon, in despite his present victory, bes got mtoa very bad scrape. Lam told that he knows it himseif for be said the other day to one of his visiters: * Yee! Lknow well that / have four distinct phas in wy hfe; the first was that of my attack at Stra: bourg and Boulogne ; the second, my Presiden the third my coup d’ état; and the fourth, whi will be a bullet through wy head. No doubt, the first was not very glorious ; but this etourderies de jeune homme, (unis giddiness of a young man, as it was called), made my name known in Franco; the second phase, my Presidency, had no partisular in- c.dent; but the third p ; Ny coup d@? cat, has rendered me knowa to the world; ard the last, which, lexpect, will make me regretted by all those who love their country.”’ These ambitious words are the real picture of the man. 1 do not know if I have already spoken of the po- litical will and testament made by the President. It pod that in the expectation of a violent death, be has arranged his affairs and named his tuccessors. His cousin, Pierre Napoleon, would be his successor, ard after him, Prince Murat. Thisis, indeed, very queer; ana J think that never was the French saying, ‘‘Man proposes but God disposes,” been wore impropos. As might be articipated, the political affairs are not of much ixterest, at this moment. France has been quicied in all its Departments, vi et armis, and several provinces havealso been placed in a state of sicge. Among them | will particularly mention the French colony of Algiers, in Africa. I have been told that the army of thecolony had pro- nounced against the government, and though this bas been kept secret, and no newspaper bus men- tioned the fact, it is cortain that some riot has taken place there, to render necessary the state of siege. We shall goon learn the particulars. ich has been said about the plots which had caused the President to make his coup d°etat, and Bid 3 the principal stories | have heard, is one that the Prince cf Joinville was to arrive at Calais on Wecnerday, the 3d instant, and to be surround- ed bya regiment, who was to protect him from Calais to Paris. This, I think, is altogether un- founded, and the real causes of the coup d'clat ere Sunday last, 2let instant, which | send to Mr Bennett by this mail How has the editor of La Fresse been allowed to published this dceument ? } cannot tell—Lut I may assure the readers that all the details contained in that fragment are true, aud reet upon facts ‘The arrests ere daily continued in Paris, and all Valerien. Among the conspicuous person ie Prisoners by the police, J will me: n Pornin, the celebrated siiazre of Can siditre, nick named che Man of the Worden of the r day the police; but be was tuken into a ped in the best style. No doubt h thet or sent to Caycnna Anczdinance, dated 20th inst eg He war one of the barricades on the 4th instaxt. e and snap will cither be a ypencd a cre- | toCsyernain the French Guayana. It appears | that a penitentiary will be built ia that colony, where all the galley slaves found guilty of breaking their engagement efter being iiberated, will be kert #8 prisoncrs for a certain time, and thon | restcred to liberty, in the colony only, without be- wed ever to return to Irance. e former chamber of the Legi h bad been erected 1348, lative Asrombly in order to give is now half de- teboard ball) it of its light lied by the aic structure, was not fit for rgly if it is dcetroyed, so much the better it fs rumercd in certain circies that a new minis- try will be appointed in a few days, which will be that ef Mipictry of Police. M on acce Will Le rencar Fi another **m “oping” of the great’ Napoleon ep: elobac a Fouche, atdthe rephew must Carlier. A matter which gave much occasion fi ting of the t have a ibe entire repairing. cleansing, und re palece of the D'Or! umily, called Painie which ctill belorgs is Pi Vor the last three weeks been in yesvestion of the itin thore repair, there! Le Ihave been the honer of b of Chembord weul whee be bad rented & ¢ te hig sejourn would be of d it 13 quite ; the heir of the ancient dyna building, and ave putting Who is going to remove » Napoleon, er the Count of Paris? id by ¢ cveral log mmed, tha teru, and had sent bis rear tho froutivr nt. No donbt Wishes to be ‘at A. ce Guiche, neptew of Count d'Orsay, the femed lion of the farbionable circles, was named Minister Plenipotentiary to Cassel. It is said that partially to found in the number of La Presse, of | the prisoners taken either to Vincennes or to Mort j he had escaped the search of | | dit of 658 000 frencs to transport the galley slaves | purpose, and accord. | r talk, is trive at Wiesbaden, | Count d’Orsay himself will soon obtain a very ime pesent position in the ranks of diplomacy. is bosom friend of Louis Napoleon, and, of courses he must have “a finger in the pie.” 4 Madame La Princess Murat, formerly of Bordene town, in the United States, geve birth to a child, (a boy.) on the 22d inst. Louis Napoleon is to be his godfather, and the Princess Mathilde will be his godmother. ews received from Piedmont announces that many socialists who had been engaged in the ingur-- rection of the department of Var and Basses Alpe,. arrived at Nice, arms in hand, and requested tl authorities to givethem shelter on the Piedmoatese land. This was ranted on condition that they would remain in the Health office building of Villa Franca. It is said that the French government will demand their extradition. From Constantinople we receive the intelligence that the difficultics between France and the Sub- lime Porte relative te the possession of the Holy- land, are far from being settled. The Russian. overnment is shouldering the Saltan, and excites jim in favor of the Greek Church, which is now ia possession of the holy laces of Judea, and whose rae 8 are making much money with the income nished by the pilgrims who are daily visiting them. No doubt that an ultimatum of M. de Lae valette will terminate the affair. I will finish my letter by giviog the intelligonce that Louis Napoleon bas decided that a Ze Deum, to thark God fer his election, should be sung om the 5th of January, in the Cathedral of N nee Ene »R, GOSSIP OF PARIS. Panis, Cukistmas, December 25, 1251. The Holviays in Paris—Immense Slaughter of Uwes keys—Shipment of Poultry to Englani— Embele lishments in Paris—Vernet’s Picture of the Capture of Rome—American Statuary in Italy—Amcricas Painters—Singular Adventure of an American Gallant and an American Heiress in Genoa Emigration to California, §c., &c. The chimes of all the churches cf Paris aro pealing their best tunes, and the cold weather (a real texnperature of Christmas) entices every one to go amcng friends, and enjoy, in a warm roon, the pleasure of chit chatting, and enjoying a good breakfast. But, (pity on mo, dear reader,) the mail leaves Paris this afternoon for Liverpool, and- like the Wandering Jow, my pon mustrun on the paper, ard give you the latest news from our fashion- able ciccles. If every reader of a newspaper could appreciate the slavery in which a reporter, who does hie duty as an honest man, [ have no doubt they would often excuse him for many errors, and be ready to exalt him for his exertions. Well! I love my duty, and no breakfast of de- licious delicacies, no wine of the best brand could take me away from my deck, ’till my correspond- ence will be over. My firois well lighted, my quills sharp, and my brain quiet. Let us proceed. The waut of excitement for any public festival, at this moment our political crisis, has giver, much spread to private entertainments, and | éay, with much reeson, that tho ties of families have becn fastoned tighter. On the occasion of Christmas, a lurge number of réveillons (such is the name given to the family suppers and dinaers on the dwy of Notl) have taken plase this year, and | kave, kere on my tablo, six invitations for yesterday aid to-duy, which [ fear will not be at- tended to. Ags a matter of course, an immenso quantity of turkeys, geese, ducks, and game of all Kind, bas been soid in tho markets of Paris, and I was told last night, by an inspector of the Depart- ment of Povisions to the Pretecture of Police, that the number of poultry so!d for tho last three days, amounted to 2,510,051. This is nice, ia is not, for such bad times! A fact worth being mentioned is, that our neigh- bors of England have also much domanded the ar- ticle, poultry, for the supply of their markets. 50,000 turkeys have been sent to London, part alive and part dead. Asa matter of course every one was fat and plump, and worth being served up ona big plate. This isan exchange of polite- ness which may ctrengthen the ties of friendship. between the two countries, more than anything eke, urd have more influence upon our politics than the dismissal of Lord Palmerswn. Many embellishments are proposed for the next fearon, in the city of Paris. First, [ will mention the completion of the Place of the Carrousel, the most magnificent place of Paris, whioh, till now, has been covered with the most disgraceful build- inge cver secn anywhere. There has been already a large number of these old houses demolished, but ecme of them were still standing up, as big for- tresses in the centre of the place. They will all come downwithin tae neat month, and taen the Lace of Carrousel will be levelled and ornamented n the style of that gf La Concorde, at the entry of he Chawys Ely:ces. In the meantime, tae wing f the Tuileries, which runs opposite the Pal Royal, ané cought to rejom the Louvre, will chieved, snd 10 doubt it will add a new glory te he activity ofthe Prefect of La Seine, Mr. Beryer, who is tho most éaring constructor of the age. Tle secord improvement will be tae entire illu- mivation, with gas, of the Caamps , and particularly ef the large square wher govern- ment festivals are annually exhibited us work- men are already on duty, to lay in the earth the large pipes for the gas, aud within afew months the whole square will be fisishod Thad the pleasure, on Sunday last, of visiting the Museum of Versailles, with some Americans who were to be introduced into the gallery where Mr. Horace Vernet, the famed painter, is finishing and giving his last touch to the grand picture which repreeents the cepture of Kome py tho French troops in 1815, ‘The frame is forty-five feet long by cightven feet in height, and the figures ara. abcut one foot and a half high. This picture is really admirable. 1t represents the capture of the Bastion St. Angelo, near the villa Pamphili; the soldiers of Garibaldi crushed down by cur troops, the fre of musketry, the broad light of the caunong, everything illuminates the e, which. is taken at suncet, and amides darkness. I may tay that the painter has surpassed himself in thal work of art. I have received the visit of an American gentle- mop, just arrived from Florence, who told me Wonders about the admirable piece ef statuary mace there by an American artist—Mr. Horatio Grecnough, from Loston—rhich is to be inaugu- rated in Washington city. This group is com- poced of fcur figures—a white man, an indian, a women and her child. Tho woman is on her kreee, tryirg to prevent the Indian from taking: hold of ker boy to kill him with his tomahawk. The white man protects his wife. 1 am assured that this group, which is eighteen feet high, is the field ‘Ubere is no doubt that the work of Mr. joratio Greeneugh will be highly appreciated by lis countrymen. The same gentleman told mo that there were t Rome seven Aierican painters, frequenting the National Academy of Design of France, and :hat all of them were talented wen. 1 co not wish to be the first, but I desire not to be the last, correspondent in urope to mention a very peculior incident, of whieh an America citizen has been tue hero, in the city of Genoa, | and for which, if report is true, he will be the suf- fererere long. Thus goes the report:—M—, a Philacelphian of much renown in the literary and theatrical circles, had proposed to achieve his fantastical caicer by a very rich marriage ; and, accordir he bad cast bis eyes upon a very bril- | slant fortune, in the possession of a widow, a niece of one of the richest bankers in England. Tho lady wosiot indifferent to her courtier, and sho ated to give her consent without knowing € the character of her le Sho then wrote ting him to give her infurma- lined to do, for he wrote to her write herself to New York and the eculd be bette . 80 ef not, ( cannot tell id not treat her lover with so much dendebly sho received the answer of her unele, She t a passport for Italy, and, «coowpanicdl by a maid and courier, sbe ar- | ived at Genoa, followed by M., ‘who did | oil in bis power to make her consent to their | mutual bappinces. Ido vot know what was tho v but | have seen several letters the following circumstances :—M, the aid tke courier, took the y,u pretences, into his own house, and | there tric only to violate her, but also to force her, by ibreatevirg her tife, to give him, by Sigucd paper, the Lalfof her property. This lasted about ten hours, aud the widow, having no mere strength, was on the eve of ylelding to wher Ler maid, fo was notin the plot atiaid of the long disappearance of risined where she was, entered t | with the aid of pel Aca moe to her von. 1 delpbia, ¥ | Woetker che ture that th er lady, cw he house ce,and delivered her from harm. r of course, the chevulier galant was taken for the | Made & complaint agataat ¢ ne correct, as | am induced to it is, the boro of this perilous adventure will @ abt to pri for a certain period of hig life. Itis aia that a certain number ofletters ren sir mere ecmplicated and more danger, Ow he of bis liberty. We shall see what” will be the cre of this trial The freon dentet, Brewster, who made a | large forture in Paris, retires from business, and ig | succecded bis er ploy by an American, Mr, Tho+ cm Phuadelphia, who hag already ATE AS8 tod with him, wuts is still leaving the Caifornin. A’ truop, of 870 rived three days ago at “ olden land. gia cl Composer of ‘ Ernani,” Nobuco,” “Macbeth,” 1 Lombardi,” and other mu-'cal operss cf much renown, tived here Glew daye ago. 1 had the pleasure of secing bin, Evore we ne plus vitra of human art, conceived by a noble *