The New York Herald Newspaper, December 20, 1851, Page 3

‘thas beon resumed above to Marysville—the boats are quite active—and steamboat stock has ris Sensiderably.— Spectator, 4th. Umrrep Stargs Coast Survay.—We under- stand that the astrenomical Party stationed at Cape Disa) tment, under charge of Assistant George left for Cape Orford by the steamer of the 25th. The woather has been particularly un- favorable to their operations, yet they have accom- plished a satisfactory amount of work. A large number of ‘lunar culminations” have been for longitude ; observations for latitude by a Jy adopted method, remarkable for rapidity and accuracy, and observations with the most improved maagaetlc cpeeraens for the declination or variation of the needle, besides a very large amount of mis- cellaneous work. A very considerable local mag- netic attraetion was foundto oxist by changing the position of the magnetic observatory. This will acoeunt for the otherwise irreconcilable results of Belcher, Wilkes, and others. It mpnthe original intemslon of Ane t. D. ‘to Pro- eeed to Ca; tery ant lew Dungenneass, to determine the positions of the sites forthe light houses recommended by the last Congress, but no means of conveyance could be obtained, and he is necessitated to move southward. It is his inten- tion, as soon as the necessary instruments arrive from the Department, to conncet all his stations on the coast by means of a large number of the best shronometers.— Oregonian. ‘@ have heard of several farmors who have har- veated sixty bushels of wheat tothe acre, and tho land was ploughed only once—the seed scattered on and dragged in, wishout applying manure or any other nubstan ce to enrich the land, or assist the growth.—Jbid. Another vessel, the sloop George Anna, was ‘chartered and put up for Queen Charlotte’s Island, by @ party ef twenty, who were to sail from Olym- on the 27th ult., with three months stock. The Orbit did not go, but is fitted and goes out to the ich Islands, with a cargo of fish, spars, &e., and will continue a regular trader between the islands and the ports of Oregon, under com mand of Major A. H. Goldsborough. Wo says WE CAN’T RAISE Corn IN OREGON?— Judge Leonard, of the Tualatin Plains, laid on our table short time since, a couple of ears of corn, menmuing fourteen inches each, and well filled to the end of the cob with good sound eorn. He in- forms us that he bad about one hundred ané fifty bushels of the same sort.— Zimes. Building improvements are still progressing in our city. We notice several new frames which dave been put up since our last issue.—Jd. VERY INTERESTING FROM NICARAGUA, Our Nicaragua Correspondence. San Juan ve Nicaraaua, } Grey Town, December 5, 1851. ‘The Firing at the Prometheus— Statement by Ameri- can Citizens. The citizens of the United Statee residing in San Juan, or Grey Town, deeming it necessary that a correct account of the late affair in the har- bor of this place should be placed before the Ame- can people, respectfully request the publication in the Hegatp of the following statement :— The port of San Juan del Norte, (Grey Town,) is a free port, all articles imported or exported are free of duty. The city government consists of a council, of which Mr. Green, the English Consul, is chairman. The council is composed of five mem- bers, exclusive of the chairman, and are chosen an- nually by gonoral electicn by the citizens. The names ofthe prssent council are Messrs. Wm. Grey, H. L. Stevenson, A. Siguad, S. Shepherd, J. Geddes. Messrs. Groy and Stevensoa are Amoricans, Mr. Siguad isa Frenchman, Mr. Shepherd is a nativo of this coast, and Mr. Geddes is te native of Scot- land. Each member of the Council is, by right of office, @ magistrate; and any act, to the city or the harbour, m council before it cam become slaw. Therejis a regularly organised police force for the mainte- Danee of order, or a City Attorney to discharge the ‘sual duties of that office, and a Port Captain anda Pert Surgeon, whose duty it is to board all vessels entering the harbor. All vessels entering the harbor are required to pay harbor dues, except the English mail steamers. vessels exempt because they bring and receive a mail to and from this place. The same privilege is offered to the steamer of any other that will in like mannor deliver and receive @ mail to and from the countries from which they The steamship Frometheus commenced her regu. lar trips to this port in July last in connection, by the transit steamers on the riverand lake, with the steamers from San Francisco at San Juan del Sur. The authorities of this place granted to the com- the privilege of occuping a certain portion of onthe opposite or north side of the harbor, forthe purpose of Atting a? the river steamers, discharging coal, &¢. re appeared to be a dis position, on the part of the government hero, to Tender to the com such facilities as ht be in their power in establishing the route; and when the &rst steamer started on her first voyage up the ‘river and grounded on a sand bar opposite the town, the of the war vessel Bermuda, thon q in pert, were promptly sent to her relief, and in getting her off. Previous tothe departure ofthe Prometheus for New York, the bill for port charges was presented and payment refused, on the plea that the company did not recognize the authori- ties, and consequently would not Pay. Thisannounce- ment was received with surprise and regret, asit was the wish of the authorities and citizens that a good understan: should exist between coe yy bn itted to de- hether relating company. ¢ Prometheus was per: part, ade several trips, each time refusing to byl at the ame time ali other vessels ving and departing paid the regular chargos without a murmur. § On the morning of November 2lst, the Prome- ; for New theus, then in port, and ut to York, with a i number of passonge! thom Mr. Vanderbilt, prosident of the pany, who had just returned from the la! ragua, whither ho had went with tho steamer Cegtral America. The usual v:!! of gos was prosonted in- cluding those due on fermér ocasions, and pay- mont again refused. A warrant w** then issued (the-council approving) for the arrest of wc Cap-, tain ofthe steamer for the debt. The Captain o the port, with policemen, went on board, ‘on serving the process, the captain of the steam: resisted; on this the Port Captain, with hi tired, at the tame time giving notice ct steamer would not be permitted to proceed to sea until the debt was paid. [oa few minutes after, the Prometheus was dropping down the harbor, ‘and immediately the English of-war Express, got under way. One or two blank cartridges wero fired. The steamer still continued dropping dot @ round shot was them sent acrots the bew, an another acroes the stern frem the brig. The steamer then returned to her place of anchorage. Mr. Vandorbilt came on shore ard the debt was paid It is a matter of regret to the Americans residing in San Juan, that sueh an occurrence should have an ee. Nearly one-half the improved pro- pny, held, and more than ene-half the business done, by Americans. For good order and for safety of life and of property, Grey Town will com- pare favorably with avy townin any country, and while Chagres has establisbed an unenviable repu- tation, and San Juan del Sar and Virgin Bay are following the same track, Grey Town or San Jaan del Norte, presents the singular contrast of good order and yy, whilst almost surrounded by h A! an ——- an anomely in the fact that while the Promethous recognised no authority in Grey ‘Town, they repeatedly called on the authorities to assist them in quelling insubordination on board their vessels itis buta short time ago, that the Captain of the Prome! 3 applied directly to the Captain of the En; brig-of-war in the harbor for ere ge > ent 4 a wiped = hi passengers, which he expected would take 0. The Americans here avon the Mosquito q a smattor to bo settled between the goveraments interested; and until that is done, that in order to maintain the laws and give protec:ion to citizens and strangers that the usual port charges, as woll asall othor taxes lovied by consent of the council, should be paid; and it may be here adaed that Americans in buying property, landed or otherwise, or accepting office under the government, are not soquiren te relinquish asingle right they may pos- sess as American citizens. We the undersigned, American merchants in Grey Town, certify the foregoing statemont to bo correct, and shculd it be necessary, you are at libor- ty to use our names in connection therewith Respectfully, Henry L.. Stephenson, P. F. Mancoros, \. rest, Jos. V. Perez, Nick. Boilvia, Benjamin Clinton. Sax Juan vet Norte, Dec. 7, 1351 The Probable Fute of Mwnoz—Another Rumored Rev- olution—Proclamation of the President, &c. ‘The Legislature,of Nicaragua are now in session at Managua, and are debating day aftor day whother Munoz shall be shot or banished. There isan unyielding opposition in the Legislature to the shedding of the blood of Munoz, notwithstanding the trouble they have had to catoh him. They have released all of the rebels exoept Munoz him- relf and four of his officers Col, McLane, who has mado himself somewhat | ORspiCUvEs ia Mb QUUMTY Rad Unde g/as bae Pry | gold dust, teaDsported ov eg bag Pamama route, and | as many months; the last time he was held in du- ranee three hours. Mr. Joseph Heine was wounded in an engagement between a company of fifty of Munos men and four hundred of Chamarros, at the village of Vi Totite Ere h. — with hone ‘neetien » wal yanded, take! duel wih sliker paren ee ering taken At is ramored y tonight, that another revo- lution has broken out in Caracas; that it numbers twenty-one hundred men, five hundred of whom are on the march toward Granada, opposed to both the rival factions of Granadians and Peonese. This is but a rumor, the next boat will bring me either a confirmation or else a denial. H. L.8. I notice Messrs. Howland & Aspinwall’s contra- diction of my statement with regard to their agent, Ta &e. I beg re that a respectable citizen o! nada, a native of the cityof New Orleans, (whose name Iam to give), re nts himself ag their agent, and made application to the Penida cabinet in their name for a right of transit. The cooing is a copy of @ proclamtion by Penida to the Governor of the State :— PROCLAMATION OF THE DIRECTOR OF STATE OF NICARAGUA TO ITS INHABITANTS. Nicaracvans—I announce to you great success. peace of the people, the empire of the coaustitution and of the laws, have returned in the State. The tyrant has succumbed before your uniform voice, and that one who challenged your loyalty on the 4th of August, who, inebriated by ambitious thought of scattering death in every part, after hariea er the powers of society— that same man, trembling re your decided boldness, has submitted himself at discretion, The traitor, Jose ‘Trinidad Munoz, has succumbed, on the 11th of Novem- ber, before the forces of the constitutional government. Nota single drop of blood was scattered, because Provi- dence, who protected your cause, did not believe worthy that this ungrateful traitor should stain the sacred soil of the country with innocent blood. He had recourse to the vile means of exciting the re- ciprccal hatred of people and of parties, in order to divide them, and then to annihilate them with security; but you dispised his voice, and have formed « complete com- pact. Youmarched under the fing ‘of your country, without any distinction of people, without attending te opinions, you have prudently frustrated the expecta- tiorg of your murd+rezs and you have triumphed, Now you salute your free country, and rise up from the mud your constitution ‘and your laws, in order to place them with veneration in sacred precint. Chiefs, officers and solders of both armies, you have completely a:complished your duties; Nicara- gua looks et you with thankfulness, and the public gra- titude is the most eminent title which can be conceded to citizen soldiers. Finish your mission, secure the tran- quillity, and when you will retire in your homes, you shall rective in the middle of your families the esteem and consideration of your fellow citizens. Pe. pice: oo ame the God of 4 Ansonia sarin throne ot jo yourpeagers, and » glance of bisin- definite justice disturbed and annihilated the tyrants. Pray him again for the consolidation of peace, and the preservation of principles. Fellow citizens, we owe thanks to the supreme God for so great a happiness, and can acknowledge now that whatI told you on the of June, and repeated on the 16th of August, that “Several times the events calculated for the destruction of society rerve to conso- lidate it.” Now the government asks for your co-opera- tion and prudence to make reign the constitution, sole certain rule which can conduct us to the happiness pro- mised te our great and powerful State. J, LAUREANO PINEDA. Granada, Nov. 14, 1851. a fae yy rom lov. From the edwion Idanda, the only news of im- ortance is the following resolution, which has Le passed by the parliament and signed by the ing :— ie it resolved by the nobles and representatives of the Hawaiian Islands, in Legislative, Council as- sembled, That in the sense of this ‘house, the demands of France are so clearly unjust, and oon- trary to the laws of nations and to treaty; and the course pursued by her is so incompatible with the existence of a regular independent govern- ment in these islands; if France sho per- sist in such a springs will be the duty of the king to shield and his government from insult and oppression, by placing this kingdom under ne of some friendly state, and that ehould emergency be so urgent as not to admit of the Le; tive Council being convened, it shall be left to His Majesty by and with the advice ef his Privy Council, under such emergency to consult the honor and safety of his kingdom, according to His — ’s best Judgment, and that whatever he may 80 be binding upon the nation The Polynesian says that the Commissioner of the U. States called officially at the Foreign office, on the l4th October, making known the views of his government in regard to the past, present and future position of these Islands. The commumoa- tion was of a nature hewries | to fortify the King in the permanent enjoyment of his sovereign rights. TO THE EDITOR OF THE NEW YORK HERALD. Aston Housg, Dee. 6, 1851. Smm—In a recent number of the Courier and En- quirer—I1 think of the 25th ult.—I observed a para- graph stating that ‘‘the Panama papers wero filled with flaming editorials, discussing the merits of the Panama and San Juan routes, which were of no interest to the public,” &c. Without attributing to she cditer of that journal any design to misropre- sent or underestimate the importance of this quos- tion with the people of this country—as I am quite sure the remark was one of inadvertence, and made without reflection—I propose briefly to show, by a statement of facts, in what consists the impertance of the Panama route to the Pacific; and, if you pleage, offer an opinion upon the relative con ition, and the facilities and capabilities of that route, compared with those of the San Juan or Nicaragua route. In doing this, I shall endeavor to divest my self of all personal feeling and intorest, keeping view the higher and more important considerations affecting the public welfare. I would suggest, also, to those persens who have addressed me on this subject, thas they will find a general reply to their — in i eae. ally ted @ amount o ion . annu: trans across the Isthmus of Panama exceeds isty mil- lions of dollars. The average amount received 6 at Panama by the al British Mail eamers, ad which is derived chief from © id Peru, is about one million of dol- lars. That brought from California by the Pacific Mail Company's and other steamers, is about four millions per month. ‘This includes the shipments of bullion and gold dust for both the United States and various parts of Europe, and is below the ac- tual estimate for the months of August, Septem- ber, Octeber and November, as well as some of the earliest months of the . I will make the estimate, then, as follows: AMOUNT OF GOLD AND SILVER BULLION AND GOLD DUST ANNUALLY TRANSPORTED ACROSS Tax ISTHMUS OF PANAMA. From South American ports...........$12,000,000 From California, Oregoa and Lowor Mexico 50,000,000 ate, Lhave made no allowanee for in the hands of travellers, which | uld swoll the whole sum to, at least, e millions of dollars Taking, however, simply the amount of trow sure whioh is annually received at the port of Pa- Dama, on freight, for transportation across the Isthmus, and wo shall find that its safe conveyance to the nearest Atlantic port for re-shipment, as sumes an importance of very { magnitude. The bulk of this treasure is brought to Panama in dust, packed in strong boxes, anda portion of specie and gold bullion is brought in the same condition. ‘The larger portion of the treasure pe 5 from Peru and Chili consists of silvor which had been melted and cast or run in pigs or ba ee eee from one hundred and twenty to undred and thirty-five pounds. These are easily bape | to any point on or across the Isthmus, as their bulk and wo sibility of either concealing or protect them from de tion. . ever, with the gold bullion and spocie and gold dust. These come in boxes of all woights —from a pound to fifty pounds, or moro: all sizes. In case of theft, robbery, or accidental loss, there is nothing by which those may be ee, except the boxes in which Wer are contained, whic! may pecaane destroyed. Itisa matter, then, of the highest importance that protection should be provided for the safe transmission of this vast amount of treasure from ocean to ocean, and this is done, not only Lo the laws of the country, not only by the energetic and efficient of the Go- vernor of the Province, aided ined well organized police force at the different sta on the route, but also bya strong military guard in the service and employ of traneporti: agents themse! Th thus akorded’ mthly trans- and the safety wi have never occurred but two losses, and they wi of so unimportant ® character that nothing but desire to embrace every fact relating to the sub- ject, induces me to allude to them From the spring of 1849 up to the present time, thero bave been no less than one hundred and thir- ty-two millions of dollars, in specie, bullion, and \ Bs oneveeue} pany A ae ro of Nesnepertasion goods ‘acific across route to the ‘Atlantio, is comparativly small, and will probably continue so until the fur- ther improvement of the facilities for transporta- tion, or the completion of the railread now in Pro. 8. I suppose, however, that they are not less d lars one hun and twenty-five thousand do! oe month, amounting to one and a half million of lollars per annum. this to be so, wo will sum up the total amount of value transported across this route annually :— TOTAL AMOUNT OF THE ANNUAL TRANSPORTATION OF GOODS AND TREASURE OVER THE ISTHMUS OF PANAMA. Gold and silver from South America. . $12,000,000 Gold from California, Oregon, and L DEGEMIDs csccccscosscccessssases +++ 50,000,000 Total amount of treagure........ $62,000,000 Goal and. Tsschaptiae from the Atlan- 6,000,000 ic @ Pacific porta.............. x Goods and mserchcaber tens the Pacific to the Atlantic ports... + 1,500,000 Making a sum total of... + $69,500,000 Tam rat that, in this estimate, the value of oods and merchandise is below, rather than abo foe actual amount. Asit is, wo have an ant transportation of goods and treasure across this route, of nearly seventy millions of dollars, exclu- sive of a very large amount in the hands of travel- lers—an amount of sufficient importance, one would naturally suppose, to render the route one of un- usual interest to the public at large, and Seweaty to the commercial world, which any inter-oceani § mmunication must most materially affect. Upon the opening of a free intercourse between the Atlantic ports and California, and the estab- lishment of a line of steamers between the former and Chagres, connecting with another between Panama and all the principal porte of the Pacific to San Franoisco, the government of the United States selected this route for tho conveyance of its mails. Since the contract for conveying the mails went into operation, there has been about four huritred thousand pounds of mai ported ever this route annually. average weight, Ped month, is, from the Atlantic side, about twenty thousand pounds, and from the Pacific side, @ little more than half that amount. The impor- tance of @ route for the safe and speedy transmis- sion of these mails, a eee for comment. That the expedition which hitherto charao- terized the transmission of them from point to point, has secured the approbation of the government, wo have the surest evidence in the continuance of the parang th kta erp found in the Seeeiead 6 of 8) 1 its just int with the Panama Railroad Company ta con- voy it ontheir toad as far as it is completed. travel across this route amounts to more than sixty thousand persons per annum, and it is constantly increasing. D: the month of October of this year, upwards of six thousand por- sons passed through the city of Panama, in transitu between the two oceans. gives an average of nearly twelve hundred per week, and a very largo majority of these are ourown countrymen—citizons of California, or other States. Since the discoveries of the enormons mineral wealth of California, and the abundant facilities which the enterprise of our countrymen, and others, have furnished for oross- ing the Isthmus, passages around Cape Horn have entirely ceased to be made by travellers, who now seek this route as far preferable inall respects. The merchant in New York holds a monthly cactanpaite dence with his agent in Valparaiso, or any other of the South American ports on the Pasifie; and Equador, Peru and Chili are brought so close to us, by means of the intercourse sustained through this channel, as to make thom our next door neighbors. ith the vast amount of travel and t1 orta- tion which have suddenly sprung up with the en- terprise and discoveries of the age, between tho Atlantic and Pacific oceans, enlisting, as they do, the investment of millions of doll ge A and the enterprize, talent and industry ef whol nations, is the discussion of the most feasible me- thod of facilitating the operations for uniting the commerce of the two ocoans, for reclaiming the vast territories of the Pacific cost, and ren: them productive of almost boundloss wealth te the world, for populating and civilizing hor innumera- blo islands acd deve ‘oping their resources, and for opening @ direct communication and trade with China and tho East Indices, » matter of indifference to the people of the United States? It appeees to me that the itude of ita importance 13 incon- ceivable; and that, too, without reference to the future, or the great results which must inevitably follow the success of this ent: se, but simply in regard to the actus! amouat of business now trans reo and its influence upon the various interests of the trade and commerce of the world. In regard to the relative facilities and advantages of the Panama and the Sen Juan routes, permit me to add a few additional remarks. The Panama route has the benefit of no less than twenty-three large steamers, whose te amount phew a istwonty thousand sev. uo. dred and thirty-six. The following table will ex- hibit the names and the tonnage of each steamer of the Panama route: ON THE ATLANTIC SIDE. Tons. With the exception of the El Dorado and Falcon, which run between New Orleans and Chagres, these steamors constitute the mail line between Now York and Chagres; they touching at Havana and Kingston, and connecting with the l’acific line. ON THE PACIFIC #1DR. es 3 These steamers run from Panama cisco, carry ioe. the United States mails, and touch- to San Fran- at the different ports along the coast. The two Ins, if they may be 80 called, sre compacted b contract as well as mutual interest, both with other and with the United States government, so that they are essentially. and in fact, but one line, as much #0, indeed, as the ao and 5; » and Syracuse and Auburn lines of rail are in- teparable portions of the Albany and Buffalo route. Ip addition to the vast facilities afforded for travel need mn by this incomparable array of magpificent sea steamers, transient steamers belong- ing to other companies or private parties are con- stantly finding their way to phagres, on the Atlan- tic, and to Panama on the Pacific. The competi- tion thus created, frequently causes a reduction in pt eg oat }, and of course preves an es eential benefit to the travelling community. The harbor at Navy Bay, whore the steamers now land, is as safo as the harbor of Now Yora. Tho rise and fall of tide is ouly hteen inches, and passengers are fet ashore directfrom the steam- er, upen @ dock similar to the docks of this port. The harbor of Panama is too weil known for safety to require any notice here. The time occupied in croseing the isthmus, from port to port, whether by the railroad, which is now completed aod in operation from Navy Bay to Miller's Station, three miles beyond Gatune, or by the river all the way, need not exceed two boy od { have crossed twenty hours, and it has been done many ti & much shorter space of ti The lo tance from port to port does exceed miler, which will be reduced to fort; completion of the railroad to Pai whole line of the route, from the moment and- ing at Me Se or Navy Bay, until you arrive in Panam: ve is an abundance of stam nse farni d with provisions and all the tray requ’ When once in Panama, good hotels, and an abundance of them, restaurants of a very supo- rior character in abundance, plenty to oat, drink, and wear, and in fact every! 7 to supply every want, may be found without difficulty. Health, too, which is one of the first great objects of life, is here protected, and safe from innovation by fell divease, or, in case of sickness, as good medical tkill can bo procured at ® moment's notice, as can be found in any city of equal size in the United States. Steamers are always in port, ready to do- part ata ‘s notice, or upon the arrival of pas- songers, thus avoiding any detention on their part. The total expense of crossing the isthmus is thirty- five dollars, Vay eed the traveller hasan un- usual amount of Line i in which case it will be proportionally increased. ‘These aro among tho facilities possessed by the Panama route, affording a safe, speedy, and cheap communication between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, and conv gers and freight from any of the A’ ic to any of tho Pacific porta, especially those lying north of 8.30, and south of 49 north tude, between which the connecting lines ext In considering the condition of the San Jaan route, J find, at the outset, many serious objections and difficulties to be encounter The natural ob- stacles to a ve: epeedy, and regular communica- tion, are ether the most serious, and may be enumerated as follow: Ist. The want of Sor, ard the necerstt The im; jer may harbor at San Juan dol one navigating the San Jyag route obtained. Passen; lea) Greytown sre new i Regnery ether necessarily suffer for want of it. however, that can be re- e. to Virgin Bay, where from ieee — travel eane hute—no bu convenience for ¢ time occupied in oceans. set for the difference of the risk of being obli, steamer to conve ceived by this, that tons burthen over this. who cross both--will any reduction of pared with the o' the arrivals from the alre production, which is likely to bo still portion as quicksilver #1 be ren. years prior to 1850, creased, and silver had t come almost the sole circulation of such countries. In France the relative value of silver and gold coins, which are legal tenders, was fixed in ta, according tothe exact price of the two metals at the moment. Gold very soon beoomin arer, rose to a premium as expressed in the silver except by the pay f ing the cheoper metal, became exclusively the ating coin. So in the U and silver coins have a fixed legal rate at which they circulate, and until of late silver constituted nearly the whole of the circulation. So also in though silver is oonside: old coinage bag aS ea : ‘oportion to the silver coins, but hitherto been of more intrinsic value and bas not generally it less important coun- oirenlate There are osha tive absorption of gold, and a prepor oted, the circ as been the first to be affected in this way. large imports of gold from California during the Inst two years, a beed coined in tl price which silver bore in the European markets at ar and the beginning of this, led ent of silver coins, and to their To facilitate that ope- mint coined a large por- the close ot last being replaced wil tation, the United States tion of the gold into pieces of a small denomination, as low, we believe, as single dollars. The conse. been, to supplant a circula tion which hitherto was almost exolusively of silver, with one now almost exclusively of gold. Even in the largest cities of the United State: are said to be comparatively scarce. To some extent, the seme thirg has been taking place in For many months the French mint has been quence has aire i the dry season, by boats of an ordinary of hea geod snven thas Sout sO sat anan distance from Py las le fiworbed your way'by s snail sans wa} s au above them, where to carry you @ distance of about » is no road yet made between Virgin gad San Juan del Sur, a mule path, common tothe country, serving a. yernaes The on the Pana- ost impassable. Ar- @ half dozen » no hotel, no or eating, of any kind; and await ‘heseival et a steamer cpeemacry ag reeable. and not untrequentiy'as mi as . "The sa in the distance ie a ut iniles, the difference on both be considered an off- time in orossing, and to await the arrival of a ncisso. afforded by the San ill find the following to be a cor- reot list of thesteamers employed: ‘The whole number of steamers “pple is five, with @ tonnage of six thousand. ‘ails be per- the Panama route has the ad- of no less than eighteen steamers and four- hundred and thirty six 1am deeply impressed with tho superior advan- tages ef the Panama route, in all respects, and would recommend it to my fellow countrymen as the safest, most convenient, and, under existing ar- ements, by far the most expeditious. Nothing, fact, remains to establish will silence all competition, but the completion of the railroad now in progress. As it is, in the fa- cilities for travel and transportation—in the th of the route—in the expense necessary to be curred—in the delay attendant u, steamer for conveyance to San Francisco—in the mmodation along the line—in the safety and of conveyance, both on the Isthmus and healthfalness of climate—in magnificence of scenery, and, in fact, in all else that pertains to a relative comparison of the real merits of the two routes—time, experience, and the good sense of all prove that the Panama reute rior and far preferable, in every considera- may be named. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, Eomunp B. GREEN. The Effect of See =n Fixed Incomes iy . From the London of gold in Australia—the more ox- tensive and the better organized workings in Cali- which have reduced the question of con- Lag my fyi eine supplies for ne years 0 come, to one al of certainty, have again raised in the public a considerable anxiot maintenance of our standard. it on @ footing that waiting for a Nov. 16.) "The production ot n of will certainly ith every pro- bability that it will reach £15,000,000 during the the production of the Russian mines and washings cannot be stated at less than £4,000,000; and even in the first year, a very mo- allowance for the produce of Australia will make the entire annual production of geld from these three sources alone reach the lar, £20,000,000, independent of all the old sources of supply. tedly this is an enormous addition to the supply of the metal which forms our standard of val- there are two questions which arise be- fore we can come to a conclusion as to the extent of apy derangement which i; will create in the mone- tary arrangements of the country. 1. [n coasider- ing what effect it may produce upon the exchanges between this country, with its gold standard, and other countries wh amount of ver standard, and, ligations existing between first and most obvious specala- increase of the supply of silver at the same time, and the extent to » throughout the civilized world, gold may be adopted in the place of silver, under existing re; gard to tho circulation of eoin, and independent of tice of the one metal, as com- Tod perhaps more imaporiaah ovadderstica, hist jr] more ant consideration, whic! bas Hitherto been vo tan overlooked, namely, the effect which such a reduction in the price or in- ecious metals will have upon the relative value of all other commodities—that is, the quantities of each which will become equiva- lents of one another. to the first of these consideratio: of the relative value between and silver, and consequently of tween this country and those countries which have asilver standard, we have on frequent occasions stated our views. In the first of California has givon to the world & now, cheap, and inexhaustible supply ¢f quicksilver, tho cost of which very much determines tho oxponse af waigh ns, in r0- the exchaages be- place, the discovery wi ines are worked. Tho ohespon! we are assured, has alre: * oulng of this le influence on th jJuced a con- pr justion of the Mexi- or mines, which had fore unprofitably worked with quicksilver at a high being profitably worked with quick- hitherto beeh Worked are exte: andit is expected that new ones but for cheap quicksilver, would not oe ich ice, have been re- Those which have thelr operations, opened, which, demand whi ‘ar for silver, and the price whioh it has commanded the European mar- w impulse to its supply; and mini counttiee have much in favor of as the price of ver may show a tendency to increase in relation to ld. Them as to the extent to which gold may of silver under existin, without a al m alteration of their relative values. In all countries which have a double standard of gold and silver, with the relative value of the two motals deter- mined by law, the circalation has hitherto con- sisted almost exclusively of silver, because, for the the tendeney was for gold come dearer in relation to silver. At waat- ever date the relative value of gold and silver had had somewhat in- fore practically be- somewhat 4 not be obtained io, while silver, nited States, gold = the standard, der, it lain, thea, been ox- d States rtion of which has tates, and the high silver coins dten franc pieces of wet vi guld coin, aad be tigh for thy oviaiog of gold Ere FE ry 5 Hl 3 i i i i world. There is, therefore, still in France an ex- tensive field for the employment of and to whatever extent that metal is cmpley will be disongaged. But to whatever extent all these considerations may prevent, for a long time to come, and altogether, any mate; alteration in the rel value of gold and silver, it is obvious, that the more their value may be against any disturbance in that particular direction, the more they point to a large increase of the precios metals, geld and silver together. And this is, perbape, by far the most im- portant question for that portion of the public whose incomes are fixed in a determinate ntity of the precious metals, whether of gold or silver. In former articles, we have carefully pointed out all the various classes of Cy ger that will be af- feeted by such a reduction in the intrinsic value of the precious metals. For the purpose of illustrat- ing the second important censideration to which we now wish to call the attention of our readers, wo will take, as an example, the ownors of the publo funds, who, for every hundred pound of stock, are entitled to receive Per annum, or 339 grains of pure gold. Whether that quantity of gold be- comes of less or more value, the contract by which the debt is discharged by its payment cannot be aneerts But here arises an important considera- on. The intrinsic value of all commodities is deter- mined by the quantity of labor required to pro- duce them. The quantity of other commodities, such a8 grain, tea, sugar, wine, or cloth, which a prem quantity of gold will purchase, must, there- jore be determined by tho relative quantity of la- bor which each requires for its production. Sup- pose the cost of the production of gold to remain stationary while that of all other commodities is being reduced, the real effect is te cheapen the price of such other commodities in relation to gold. This bas Sivedy taken place to a great extent during the last thirty years. What with the change of our commercial policy, which has given a now and unexpected developement to our productive powers—what with the introduotion of steam and mechanical aid—what with the cheapening of navi- gation and locomotion, and the economy of time— what with the assistance of che: and other sciences—and what with the rapid increase of oapi- taland the reduction of the rate of interest—the eetectico of all oF ‘ ay, ae om mn has rap incre! ani their cos bas oxtensivel; diminished. But, till lately, the tion of precious me! has been nearly stationary. The result has, therefore, been, that relatively with gold and silvor, every other article has become cheaper. The recipients of the dividends of the funds, and of other annuitics fixed in have been, therefore, greatly beno- fitted by all improvem: to which we have now referred,—and, we may add, to which in geno- ral they have contributed but little, and for which they have made no sacrifices To them tho course of events has been ome ofclear gain. But we would call especial attention to this one consideration. Suppose, since 1820, the imorease in the juction of gold and silver had been as great as the insroase has been in the supply of tea sugar, in the pro- duction of grain per acre, in thé manufacture of cotton, woollen, and silk, inthe means of cheap and rapid travelling, and in all that make up the sum of evory-day wants, what would have been tho of- fect? Why, only that the relative value of all those commodities, gold and silver included, would have remained the same—all would have been mt abundant, the productive labor ofthe apo woul have become, as it has, more profitable. and would command, asit now does, more of all things in ox- change, but the relative value of gold and other commodities would have remained the same, and the recipients of fixed income would have been neither better nor worse off than they were in 1520. But what is true in this reasoning, as applied ‘to the A gs is Sreclly. true as to thetuture. It sd be gold and silver, from the causes to whic! we have referred, will become, during the next twenty years, much more abundant than they are now, in relation to other commodities. But it will boa long time before their increased abundance overtakes the increase of abundance of other arti- cles which bas taken place during the last thirty years, and restores the Saas of relative val- ues as they existed in 1820. But for the present holders of fxed annuities, there is another sti!l nl pmpoey ony cong ce “~ the one wi me yoars ave n continually addi to the abundance and cheapness of other articlon coased to oxerate? Have consequences of free trade been exhausted? Have mechanical and sci- entific improvements done all they can for the world? Have cheap locomotion and navigation, by which not only different parts of our own country are brought so near to each other, but by which the continent of America end other distant countries have been brought almost alongside of the west coast of Ireland, been extended to tho limits of which they are capable? On the contrary, conzult the highest authorities in every branch of im- provement and progress, and as will be told that they are all in their infancy. 1 most successful experiments have yet to be embodied in an oxtended —— But if so, then greater and greater abun- nee in every other production, as well as of gold and silver, is certain to take place during the next ten or twenty years. With scrow ateamers running from the west coast of Ireland to the United States two or three times a woek, who will attempt to say what the influence will be upon the comforts and the wealth of the fifty millions of human boings in- habiting the two countries? With steam commu nication established with every port of Europe, every country in South America, with South Africa, Awetralia, with India, Chins, and the whole of our peiera markets. no one will venture to edict the results of such increased facllitfes, dur- ng the next few years. The real quostion then is, California, Russia, and Bathurst, in their in- creased production of gold, oe the remarka- bie agencies which are now at work for an increased production of all other commodities? If not, then what have the recipients of fixed aunuities to a Prebend! If not, they will not be injured, while all the juctive classes in the world, but especial! in = as will be greatly benefited and muo enriched. Theatrical and Musteal, Powrny Thxatar <A powerfol performance is aa- — A ae, this nel gn © night. com; tragedy, drama, and farce, name ly : “ Damon and Py * the “ Forest of Bondy,” and ~ Peter White,” all ‘of which are exceedingly well cast. We presume that such immense attraction on one even- ing, will bring together a very large assemblage. PR yt See ey at Shia, hostnn very good, considering the severity of the waather, To night, Mr Brcoke appears in nine barrier of Vir jus. He supported by Mesars. Barry, Conwa: t, Miss Crocker, forming a "aus close with the amusirg piece Masaniello ’ No doubt there will be full house, Nimo's Gan everit ror tee Kossern Fowo— The proered for ¢ of tickets for Niblo's Garden. for to-night, is to go to swell the Korsuth fumd. The object to be gained would no dowdt fill the house, but the en- tertsinmepts themysives are worthy of patronage. The sterling old comedy of the“ Rivala” is to be given, with = entertainments between the acte—an excelieat ee. Nationa. Torarne —Purdy has provided » highly attractive entertal it for this evening. comprising fourexoelient pieces, namely, “ The niac Lover. Day in Pa “ The #lave s Revenge, bie Maidet all of which are exceedin, gccd attendance may be anticipated. Brovonam's Lycevm.—Shakepeare’s celebrated t ay ct’ The Merchant of Venice’ is to be reproduced hare this event hich « Mr. Pratt isto make his second apprerance 'y stage, in the character of @hylock ue willbe well supported by the most inent mem- rs of the compan: « h DI will the concluding na ee. i un Be Crmiety's BM, ts have issued a fine programme for srum.—The beautiful piece of the will be performed {n the afternoon. the comedy of “ Paul Pry.” The tive features of the Museum are drawing large assemblages. Bowery Amtrrutieatn® —Comfort, safety and elegance, talent splendor and novelty, are the distinguishing cha- acteristics of this place. fine afternoon and evening performance to day. Feurows’ Mrverrecs have also provided @ fine perform. ance for to- might Coxcent at Br. Peten'’s Cuvncn—=A grand aacred concert is to be given on Bunday evening, at St. Peter's Church, Barclay street. A number of artists of talent have volunteered their services, and the proceeds are to be applied to the liquidation of the debt of the church. Theapncert isto be under the direction of Mt. George Led. The entertainment will doubtless be a good one and the funda will be well applied. Mn. Asonnson, the great Wizatd of the North, will appear at the Astor Place Opera House during the holi- day rcason, ‘Tue Pawonavta OF tHe Wonwn's Pain continues to Gitract large audiewces at Btoppani Hail U 8 veo deck yeeterday and haul tepaire being nearly com Paseed Midehipman 0 ace has been ordered to phy ine at Norfolx. ia p's ( Paseed Midehiomaa . Bap, de eoked, wad Vetiee a dhester uv, tas -B. stvamnet Bom Jeoiate. Qin gro ‘ United Btates Mint in this city, and the general government for that Comptroller be suthorized to negot Referred to Committee on Law. RECEPTION OF KOSSUTH. A resolution by Ald. Miter was offered, to priate seven thousand dollars in connection with the reception of the Mun- garian exiles. Adopted. Keeolved, That suitable gas fixtures be placed in the house of Engine Co. No, 20, in Temple atreet, and the ve dollars is hereby appropriated forthe Communication from the Meyor, nominatin Collinsand William Henry of Weights and Measures. ‘ayor also sent to the bosrd the nomination of the ie districts. The whole d to the Committee om the F for the payment McKinney to be Referred. clerks of justices and police vious meeting, only correotip, matter, after @ debate, was re! Laws and Officers. RUSS PAVEMENT CONTRACT. rman of the Fifth Ward moved to suspend the nd take up document No.8, on the Russ pave- for the paving of Broadway, and to have the same After the reading of the Ben ae 2, proposition of aMr bag Barker, to fur- nish the city with granite paving blocks, of seven, eight, nine and ten inches square, aud eight or ten inches deep, in equal proportions, of the best quality, and to lay the eame for $5 60 per superficial square yard, lengthy debate s moticn offered by the Aldermai b Ws made to refer the contract to Com- ‘this motion was lost. parsed by a vote of eleven to eight. A protest was made by the minority to the passage of the above contract, which was ordered on file. ‘The board adjourned until five o’olock Thursday after- document, Aldermam Tt was ultimately BOARD OF ASSISTANT ALDERMEN. Dec. 17.— This Board met as appointed. Present. A. A. Alvord, Eeq., President, and a quorum of members. meeting were read and approved, REPORTS ADOPTED. Of Cemmittee on Reads in favor of a well and pi corner of Sixtieth street and Broadway, with an Arts and Bciencea, in favor of concurrit resolution that fifty sets of mapa be Matthew Dripps. On Finance, John Bowen and Ferdinand Win damege done by « riotous mob. On Btreets, adverse to the resolution to stay im the matter of opening amd extending street. Same, adverse to opening Fifty-second from Tenth avenue to Hudson river. ment, in favor of concut sel to Corporation a) sage of a law provi ‘The proceedings of last (See resolutions.) ine resolution that ly to the Legislature for the for the election of four Coroners the Mayor the power of assigning them to Be districts. On the Tike in resolution to rel ui houre of Hose Com- pany . On same, in favor of concurring in resolu- tions to lease lot. and erect a house thereon for Hose Company No. 29,in Willett street. On Ordinances, in favor of concurring in resolution that counsel of lot boxes. On same, in favor of con- curring in resolutions fixing election poll of Fourth trict, First ah ond ee favor of grant Jumel,to withdraw her Tenth avenue, from 174 LAID ON THE TAMLE. Report of the Committee on the Law Depariment, in faver of concurring in ordinance for payment to coa- tractors on the completion of theiz gontzagte, RESOLUTION aporreD. That the Comptroller draw his warrant in favor o¢ John Bowen, for the sum of $160, being # donation to him for dsmages to his house by a mob, and charge the same to the account for donations. THE GAS CONTRACT. On the motion to Aseistant Alderman i ‘ tors therefor. Oa relation to opening streets, end requesting the mat after some motions to alter the terms in other respects had been put and severally rejected, the main question was put, and a concurrence agreed on by @ vote of es— Assistant Aldermen Moore, Haley, jarthy, Crane, Miller, Smith, Ward, the President. Noes—! iF Court of General Sessions. Before the Recorder, and Aldermen opening of the court, to make @ motion matter, in pursuance of ven to the District Attorney. Leaid that Mr. Blunt's eng»geme: would rot permit him to attend till twelve o'clock, and he war instructed to request @ ‘The Court were indifferent w! Mr. Whiting eaid there was a great difference to them. bad obtained much , oned tosuit the to quash the indictment in this bed been ready, and post; counsel's convenience. morning, end be had called on the D: conrented to wait till this morning. There was private counsel in the case, and present then. Mr. McKeon supposed he alluded to him. He particu- larly wished the District Attorney to take the responsi- lity of this indictment. Mr. Blunt had said the motion it not to begranted, but he ( sufficient force his arguments. No private counsel could, to, have the same influence that the pubilo would have. Theindictmen’ District Attorney's cution did not rest on! ‘Was represented there ® perieot Ajax, as far as an indictment was concerted called, he would submit, at the beok of » District At- attended, from day to day, reade Mr, Tali would say, aso man, or indictment had eoy t had been obtained on the bility. bility of @ public prose- yy his learned assistant, the subiect of the vatidit: 7 for whieh he could keep his client twenty-four hours, he would consent to it were s0,no imnocent man was safe. Any merchant who had rendered an scoount ia which there was @ mistake, might, crushed by an indictment for obtaining money by false ied, andasked why should this at the close of the term’ It it wae t a maa who bed hitherto stood un- shut it out from s jury? This several times, ina tone amd manner of Mr. Oakley Hall wished to saya few words on this. He merely represented the District Attorney in his absence, and requested the argument might be deferred till to- morrcw, whem, be would further remark, that the calea- dar would be cleared up Alderman Oahley as one of the Court, thought the District Attorney should sttend there sometimes. Hi tad not seen him all the term. Mr Whiting wished to know whether forty days and ights were not time to defend am indictment pre- is own suthority, and in which he was so arsisted—how much would they learned counsel. in the this incictment taken any adjournment » the moxt day, be bis mm bit reach, had asked wh: noteend it before a jury? Send what before aj It would not take « m cide such sccase; and ¢! decided them in a few was finally fixed that fifteen minutes to jument should take Hall saying the District At y be in attendance, all other busl- ness laying aside \ Charge of Burglary—Chorge of Carelessness against @ raid he accepted é used common vigilance he mown that it could not be would have been disposed of two months and said publicly, it wae disgraceful sentence, thet it came very nears bur- the window bad been fastened, as it seemed it was not the prisoner would have done the thing. The amount stolen was but trif but the Court would sontense imprisonment in the peni- In the cases of James Riley, arge of attempting to resous @ rank Burley and John who alse pleaded guilty of petit larceny, sentences were aus- for the Term.—Thore them, congratulating thers’ thes they hed em, ating them through the business of this term, without such a8 hed before caused tedious i eg ty! lat very ‘tmente. for the term. They had seen in tasls Cotheaes orto jurymen maintain in @ plea; and it the me- have utgiary, and the case seventy cents in cop; bim to three months who pleaded guilty of coasary it wes that nena, and decision. thanks of the court and the county. ‘The Grand Jury shortly afterwards presented a num- sir Isbors, aod the court ber of bills, and withdrew ¢ aJjourned until thir mornii street was arrested, last Wednesday, and was committed to prison by barge on a charge of stealing ¢ conferred her quill } Justice Mountfort, to Political Inteliigence, 112 counties im Virginia give Johnson'e Thirty counties are yet for Governor at 8,145 ve been elected to To the House of Deleqates. 76 demo- een oe ren Ct ete) com,