The New York Herald Newspaper, November 22, 1851, Page 3

“The Periodical Expansions and Con- tractions of the Currency. Mr. Duff Green to Gov. Floyd. Dear Sr ” ‘soir en, have prevented an earlier ponies te submit, in writing, an examination causes eae tl al expansions and contractions of the eur- Feney, and of the combinations formed in England and the United States to depress the price of American produce— of cotton. As the oe deeply interests the whole people of the United States, 1 avail myself of the preas as the “medium of communication. It is urged that commerce is a reciprocal ex- @hange of the products of labor, and that, there- fore, high duties on British manufactures necessarily diminivh the value of American uce in the British market, for it is said that England cannot Duy from us unless we buy from her [t is also said that, inasmuch as the price must be controlled by the universal law of supply and oy rae, the ae of oar ep in the British mar- must on the quantit, produced. I admit ‘that commerce shor f be a reciprocal exohange of the luets of labor, for then the law of supply and id would re; the price; but our merch: acting on the theory that Eng- dand will buy from us as much as we buy from Eng- dand, are, from year to year, compelled to remit e sums in specie to make up for the depreci ttion in the price of American produce, and this oc- urs so often and operates so much to our iojury that it becomes our duty to ascertain why it is 0, and whether it be possible to prevent it—whether this is the legitimate operation of commerce ,or the effest of a powerful combination organized for that purpose. ts of British bankers are located in moat of Our seaportse—not to buy and pay for our cotton— Dut'to make advances upon bills of lading for cot- ton sent to their houses in Liverpool, to be sold there on account of the American shipper. [ae funds to make these advances are obtained by tho Sale of bills of exchange, which are so drawa that before they become due the cotton will have reach- ed Liverpool, and if sold there for the sum ad- wanced (which seldom, if ever, exceeds seventy-five per cent of the American price,) the banker re- Ceives the fund to make the payment and gets his interest, his profit on the exchange, and his two ‘and a balf pr cent commission without advancing ‘one dollar in money. In other words, the Ameri ean producer advances the cotton and pockets the Joss—the British banker advances his credit and Secures the profits. This is not all—the deficiency must be paid in Specie. Thus, if we assume that the value of the Cotton crop is one hundred millions, and that Ameri- can merchants relying on the sale of that crop in Liverpool purchase one hundred millions of do! of British manufactures, it follows that if from any cause the cotton crop selis for pinety millions only, there will be a deficiency of ten millions to be paid 0; and who does not know that export of Specie to pay that balance will so aet upon the Money market, as to reduce the value of all the ther property of the country ? Now, let us see how this balance is produced, ‘and how it affects the interests of these foreign bankers. Their agents have drawn bills, payabie &o Liverpool, after the cotton has reached that morket, fr seventy-five per cent only of the Ameci- can Bice. Do we not see that if the cotton be sold for ninety millions, these bills will be paid from the proceeds of the cotton sold; that the bankers will fealize their interest on the sum advanced, the profit on the exchange, and two and a half per cent ‘Commission on the ninety miliions of dollars, while the shipper bas lost ten milling of dollars? and do we not see that the ee eens of one hundred tmillions of merchandise will have created a balance of ten millions to be paid in specie? It is a well krown law that the value of the property of a commercial country bears a relation to its currency of thirty to one ; the effect, therefore, of this export of specio would be to diminisa the value of the pro- rty of this country, not ten millions only, but thirt; a ten, or three hundred millions, were it mot that the extraordinary demand thus created, ‘will cause the im tion of specie, and that there- fore the effect is limited to the derangement of oom- merce, the a in the currency, and the ‘tra coat of im ie. New, these bankers eesti exchange, and it is their business to make profits by these derangements. desire to make London the centre of tho financial world, and to compel all the world to pay tribute to them through their fisancial ney. ‘They regulate the exchanges of continensal Europe ehictly through the dividend arising from the public funds, and their purpose is to regulate the oxchanges between the Waited ‘States and London Through their control of the American s.aples, which they have cbiained in the manner above explained—not of capital— thus be seen Bri- by an advance of money—sot by but by tho use of their credit. 1t that coomerce, as now organized, enables the tish banker to depreciate the price of Americ: duce in the British market, and that he in creating a balance to be paid by us Cause it gives greater value to balls of exchange, and because the British consumer obtains our o ton at reduced prices, and enables the British chant to purcbase goods a: a lower rate A brief review of the pas: wili cast a food of light on the subject. In 1885, the Bank of Eng! increased its discounts more than thirty-five millions of dol- lars. ‘The effect to stimulate the circulation in England and greatly increase the price of cotton in the British market. Congress having refused to renew its charter, the Bank of the United States applied te the State of Pennsylvania, and thus became a State institution, which made it necessary to sell out its branches, located in other States. These were paid for in the notes of local Danks. If the Bank of the United States had re- quired these notes to be prid in specie, it would ave destroyed the greater part of the local bank and greatly injared Bank of the United State: dt was, therefore, wi funds in State Bonds, and in advances m: cotton and other American Vg mercial house in Liverpool, created for that pur- pose, and having the corfidence of the Bank. The great fire in New York bad destroye: large amount of merchandise. To enable the New York merchants to meet their payments to British manu- facturers, the Bank of the United States mado i civances in bills upon England, relying upon the sale of American produce, and of American securities in that market, to provide the means of payment. The hey oH the Rothchilds, Hettinguer and Hope & Co., had been tl of the United States. Failis tory arrangement with thi a Jai sent to London to Fp sn the credil of ‘When he reached there, Pennsylvania aad Mary- land Sixes were selling at sixteen per cent premium; but a combination was immediately formed, which, aided by the Bank of England, so depreciated the price ot American produce and of American secu- rities, that Mr. Jaudon was unable to realize funds, by the sale of cotton or of American securities, to pay the bills advanced to the New York merchants, it was announced, by one if not more of the interested that the bank would be dis- honored. When driven to the last extromity, and at the last moment, Mr. Jaadon borrowed money, by an hypotbecation of his State bonds, at a rai far below their value; but as the Bank of England had issued a notice that no bill drawn on acoount ican produce, would be discoanted, and the combination was such as to prevent the sale of his State bonds, Mr. Jaudon was unable to pay the money borrowed when it became due, and be could not renew the loan, unless he paid an instalment of Bfteen per cent. To enable him to do this, the Bank ot the United States was compelled to issue | its post notes, which were sold in the market at a depreciation of twenty per cent. This, and other Causes, growing out of the combination referred to, myolied & suspension of specie payment. Seelen was yet uoable to sell his Stute bonds, and | could not renew the loan, bat upon the condition of | Mr. | sire to increase. ‘The writer replied that he feared | who are their to distribute these public @ revulsion in the market, and that he pony ay ty eee persons, knowing could not sustain salen. te beak, would that, as the value of these depends en the carry him through. To this the oor said PRT ans of SOP, the waeee kioy Ste dlstribated coe irene of Die Coeite® binding greater be the number of those interested on the Board of Directors, but added, “You know | in maintaint the existing furms of government. that the bank has al; sided you, and as Gover- | In other my purpose ia to show that if the goss Tplodge maesie to all that I can for you” | toiling millions, who now pay ithe enormous sum us did countermand his and | of two hundred and twenty-five millions of dollars when the bark issued its notico discrediting all bills | per annum, in taxes, on account of the previous drawn on account ef American ho was un- | expenditure in wars, armies, and’ navies, were to der acceptance for more than in millions of dol- | apply the sponge to that debt by » revolution, lars, was ruined. Yea, more. Anelder brother, | then these ers, NOW so strong. in the power of who had retired with a much larger fortune, sacri- | their combinations, would be weaker than poor ficed much the greater partofit in thevain attempt | Nicbolas Biddle after they had erushed and de- to sustain bim n siroyed bis bank ; aud to show that, ast ho resourses This is not all. When, a short time before that, | of the United’ States are developed, and our the Bank of Kogiand sent an ageut w che United | strength and pros; rity advance, will the power Staves, Mr. Biadle gave hima room ia the bark in heat oe and aided him in the transactioa ot business by all the faeilities which the numerous agents and cosrospondoote of the Bank of the hited States could give. Yet when Mr. Jaudon reached London, the Bank of England refused the privilege of opening an account with them, andthe Treason of this will presently — So much as tothe bank A’word as to the bankers. I¢ will be remembered that Mr. Jaudon took with him cer- tain Indiana, [linois, and Mississippi boads, which were hapethecated with certain bankers, and that after those States failed to pay the interest it was paid by the Bank of the United States. It will also be remembered that some time after the hypo- thecation, those bevkers made a trust, by witch these bonds were transferred to certain widows aud orphans, and persons of small income, who, relyit on their repucation and character, had deposited large sums with them to be invested at discretion. Piller be remembered that at the oe of ood ributien, certain newspaper paragral the generous liberality of then eminent bankers, who bad thus permitted their customers to partcipate in the speculation; and that no one—no, not even the degenerate Americans who made merchandise of the character and oredit of their country—were so clamorous in denouncing the United States, or 80 petaee in sympathy for the poor widows and orphans, as these bankers and theiragents. And who can believe that they were not previously notified that the Bank of the United States wouid cease to pay the interest on the hypothecated bonds, aud that the trust was created, and the newspaper sragraphs written, to cover the transfer of these ndiana, [Ilinois, and Mississippi bonds to those widows, orphans, and confiding customers, who had pieced funds in their hands for invesiment! And who cannot see that the subsequent denunciation of American dishonesty, and pretended sympathy for widows and orphans, was intended to conceal or mystify the agency by which the losses were trans- ferred from these wealthy bankers to the widows and orphans in question? One other fact. I was in London in 112. A friend, who Wished to come to the United States, had one hundred and forty thousand dollars in American securities, upon which he wished te borrow three thousand dollars. I myself took those securities to the principal man of business of the house which, as | before said, had during that year realized near three millions ef dollars as a profit on the securities which they had taken from the Bank of the United States, and proposed that he should take any amount of the securities in question which he might require, and forward them to their agent in New York, advancing thereon three thousand dollars, to be refunded immediately on our sng the United States. is reply was:—‘If it were known upon ‘Change that we had advanced you one hundred dollars on any Awmerican security whatever, our house would immediately be putin coventry.” __ One other fact. When the agent sent by Presi- dent Tyler to London, to negotiate the loan of five millions of dollars, had been dissuaded from offe! the loan im that market by the Mesers. ie Co. and Mr. Peabody, acting in concert, he went to lreland and left the negotiation with me. | nege- tiated the loan, and the agent would havo received the money (five hundred thousand dollars in hand, and the rest in instalments as wanted), but forthe interference of persons connected with and interested im the combination in question. ({ may, hereafter, make this the subject of a special letter, with some otber striking facts bearing on the issue in question. ) ‘ Do these remarks challenge your belief, becausa ou cannot see an adequate motive for such a com ination? I now procecd to illustrate the motive and policy. The public debt of nine of the priagi- pea om an States, in 1842, is given a2 nearly as i could then ascertain it, in the following table :— |2888 ¥ £888 €(3 | 3 — 2 | § sf laid | 888 t19z S335 § 2349 S158 | fiss 2% 48 a enatetecavesent ‘Sdded the unfunded debt of Kugland MEAD. wore ccoccccscce 756.500 Delt $6,000.00 20.000 060 65,000 060 =2.900.000 325,000,000 858,500.000 47 500.0 238.500.000 10.000.000 30,000,000 97.500 000 808,000.60 32.6004400 2.418 100.056 1,112.578,380 ‘67.700 112,947,200 ‘8 89 660 74.088. (00 g ) & g 8 83 8.044.166 3,247,680 129:340,000 trea in Acres . 2.097.400 ves} Laroeco 1 . }83.000.000 Population © 4200.00 should be The Population, Public Debt, and Area of the European States, Grand sggregste. T Li aj i You will see that by gonpeties interest on the two last items, the dividend arising from this source 's more than two hundred and twenty four millions of dollars. A large part of this interest is payable in London, and passesthrough a few bank- ers, who are the agents to receive and reinvest it. ‘Those who know the value of our cotton crop as a medium of exchange between this country and [ing- and, must see the power which the control over the interest on the European debt bangers in the regulation of European exchange, and how much these bankers are interested in main- of the funds from which that in- It will also be seen that the great- debt bears an interest of not more than feur per cent; and it follows that these bankers, who were the agents of these European go- vernments fer the sale of their bonds, and of thefund- i reinvesting their dividends, udon was permitted to estad- arkat for the sale of American bonds, bearing an interest of six and seven per cent, the helders of European three and four per cents would sell out and invest in American six ond sevea per cents; and they saw that Mr. Biddle could, through the agency Mr Jaudon, furnish American bonds suificient to absorb the whole value of the I[uropean debt, and they knew that the existence of these European governmeots whose seems they were, depended upon the maint e of theit credit, that, therefore, the q n presented by Mr ondea, involved at the Great Britain } 28,862,000 Prussia, Kuseis Spain Depmark terest er part of this Eur @ reeumption of specie payment by the bank All who are familiar with the proceedings of that day, wiil remember that certain brokers, whose elation to this combination of foreiga bankers cannot be ibted, came down upon the bank, ‘and by absor' all their specie, compelled another surponsion. This was followed by a refural to re- Mew the loan, a sale of the by nominal anda demand for the balanve due, hich was in other arscts at the Bank at such reduced rates, that « person interested in the ope ration told me in London, in the year 1842, that one of the parties who had thus obtained the funds of the Bank, had, during that year, realized near three millions of dollars by the increased value of the securities thus taken from the Bank I have said that the failure of the Bank of the United States was caused by a combination of cor- tain bankers, aided by the Bank of England, and that this was done by depreciating the price of American preduce and of American oredit in the European market. Lam aware of the responsibi- lity which l incur in making such a declaration, and that I must array onal facts to sustain it. | ‘will be told by these bankers, and their agents io this country, there could beno metive for such acombination. Let us see. When in ogee ee] [had the following fact from the best authority—Afier the revulsion of “ 1819, the trade between the Usited States and Eo land was oarried on chietly es the agonoy of three commercial houses in L. mn. One of these, who had realized neat threo millions of capital, | Wrote to his cori neva in the United States and in Canada, that he would no* accept bills drawn on account of American meaees, or for the par ehare vf British goods. This came to the know. ledge of the Bank of Engiand; the Governor called upon the writer, and urged him to countermand bis | letters, saying that the |:oglish warehouses were | filled with merchandiee, and that the directors wore | Apprehensive that his letters would greatly dim:- | dich tho trade with Amerion, which it'was thgit do. | | | thecated bonds at | | @, the oredit aud the duration of the mo narchies of Europe, and tbe basiness and profits of the bankers, who were their agents; and, therefore, bey combined to destroy the Bank of the United States, as the best and only means of defeating the measures adopted by the bank for the saie of Amo- rican securities inthe E an market Mr. Biddle pl his State boods with these bankers, they could have regulated the quan tity sold, and the price, and ae they could uave controlled the market and fostered British oom- merce, without destroying the bank or annihilating American credit, it wil! doubtless be said by their partisans in this country, as well as in Europe, that their combination was the necessary cot juence o! Mr. Biddle’s refusal to allow them one half of ope per cent commission, and attempting to build up . * wa American agency in the European market In reply, I submit that my purpose is to show that the faulure of the bank yee caused by a com- bination of Ewropean bankers, who are the agents | of the monarchies of Europo, and that that combi- ration originated in the necessity of protesting the credit of these European monarobies, when brought in competition with the credit of the United States ard of the individual States of Amorica; and to show that, as these bankers then combined to des- troy the Bank of the United States, so will they againcombine, whenever it may be convenient or necessary for them to do so, forthe advancement ot their own private gain, or te protect the credit | or promote the purposes of the monarchies whom j they represent ore: My purpose is to shew that the aystom of [uropean credit constitutes the chief stregth of the existing European governmente—that the debt of these Luropean nations represeats the expenditure heretofore made in wars, and in the maintenance of | rmies and navies and privileged persons, and would have no value if the people were to refusc to pay tazes tucse monarchieal goveroments, and of iue baakors It ia, therefore, the fundamental poliey of | end resources of these pean bavlers be ox- érted to maintain their system of Luropean credit and finance, at cur expense. Thatsuch is their purpose and policy, is apparent to the most careless observer. In proof of this, I cal! your attention to the souowiag tate, furnished, while ! write, by the New Yorx Hevatp:— Movements or Brecix avo Buutiow, to Noy. ler, 1851. Receipts 0 Gold t Cal. Gold, Comare. Exported. + $4.940,000 2 620 Se 1,266,281 2 860,090 5,082,007 1,207.689 2 634.500 6 286,736 2.785.500 3,176,068. 3,206,600 3.201282 3.570 000 653,248 £068,000 3 240,495 4 048,800 4,078 329 2,653,444 3.:960,500 4,087 423. 3,400 142 4.670.000 6.231.019 779,707 $35,727,900 40,667,522 33,028,978 Why is it that so much of our specie ape to England? {a it not because there is a balance against us? it not because our produce does not sell in the British market for as much as we have agreed to pay for British goods. imported ? And why does not our produce pay for the British goodsimported? Ia it not because we place our produce under the contrel of British bankers, who sympathize more with the Brisish consumer than with the American producer, and because these British bapker: interested in creating a balauce ainet us, to tg in species If there be any who doubt thi: e 80, I bespeak @ careful exa- mination of what I have further to sey in my next. Your friend, Durr Ne Our Washington Correspondenec. Wasuineton, Nov. 16, 1851. The City—The Speakership—The Clerk, &c. ‘The city is already assuming a brisk appearance, and politicians, hotel keepers, merchants, and boarding house keepers, are all alive to-their re- spective interests, with a word and smile for all. But few members, ag yet, have arrived, though there is a great deal of speculating in regard to the. seleotion of officers of the next House of Represea- tatives. The most prominent among those named for Speaker, are the names of David T. Disney, of Ohio; Lynn Boyd, of Kentucky; and G. W. Jones, of Tennessee—all of whom are good and reliable democrats, and would do honor to the station to which they aspire. For Clerk, the contest lies between Forney, Young, and Patten. Tho present sergoant-at-arme being from Pennsyivania, will materially operate to the disadvaatage of Colonel Forney. It would be rather rong move 20 give Pennsylvania two officers of the House, to the exolusion of other States equally deserving, Saxon. Wasurnetoy, Now. 15, 1351. Description of the New National Theatre in Wash- The National thestre, whieh is now being ra- pidly Stted up for tho reception of Mr. Marshall’s company, will, it is expected, be opened about the first of the ensuing month. Washington, formany yeazs, has been destitute of a respectable theatre, andthe present undertaking is, therefore, looked to with great interest, as source of amusement rauch needed. The announsement that Mr. Mar- shall was the lessee, was, in iteelf, sufficient to insure its respectability; and if tho leasoe but maintains the reputation which he has already acquired, in New York and Philadelphia, his success is cortain. lL learn that he has already purchased a wardrobo for the use of his company here, at a cost of over $6,000, and that a stock company has been engaged which willbe second to none in the country. A succession of stars will appear during the season embracing all the talent on the continent, and ena. bling the manager to produce tragedy, comedy, Italian and Engiish opera, ballet, pantomime, Kc. The theatre itself be fitted up ina rs supe- rior, im many respeots, to any in the United States, i) equal, in all respects, to the best theatre New beck. It is calculated it will comfortably + 3000 and upwards. The parquette runs uoder the boxes, and will accommodate about 1,40 ersons ‘There are three tiers of boxes, which jow out in tho parabola style, and have a parallet inclination with the parquette—a novel feature; and each tier recedes back of the under one, after the manner ofthe Astor Place Opera House The stage is seventytwo feet wide, forty-eight feet between the proscenium, and about seventy feet deep. ‘The drop is forty-oight feet wide; height, to the proscenium, forty feet. The fats are Shires feet wide. The proscenium is ten feet wide ‘he orebestra is tweaty-eight feet long, by ten feet, and bas been built in the most approved manner, with sounding board, &e It has been an almost universal fault in decorating theatres, to make the front of the curtain so gor. geous and glittering as to detract, in a great mea- sure, from the acenic effect when the curtain is raised and the stage broughtin view. This will be avoided in the National theatre, through the good taste of that eminent artist, Mr Uenry Hillyard, who bas charge of that portion of the house, an who has determined to make the prevalent color a tich chocolate, relieved with gold, thus giving to the audience pertion of the theatre the appearance of a private parlor, and og oy, Bo the stago the full benefit of ite scenery. The boxes in front fow out gracefully in a scroll, and a profusion of gas- lights, shaded with ground ae globes, add to the beaaty of the rabola ¢ hand rail around the boxes is cushioned, and covered with crimson silk velvet; the seats are well stuifed, and covered ~ the same rich material, in keeping with the whole The proscenium hag an eliptical rake, formed by the radii of twenty and fourteen feet. Between tha boxes and proscenium stairs descend to the pe uette, somewhat similar to those at Niblo's. ‘Tbere are four stage boxes, which have dne wire auze windows, and are so a. that by closing them the oc8upants are invisible to the house, whilst they themselves can see overything that is going on The scenes behind the curtain are from the pen. eilof Mr. Lamb, aad will be found well worthy of ths splendid theatre The building has been strengthened in every pos- sible way; ard the boxes, in Sidition to b perted on iron pillars, a: ell fasten ty ae, tron be desired, | must not omit to state that the sta; he building cann. | in the spring it tited proprietor, Ric Winder, to ha fol front erocted, om a line with the stre: ional lobbies to all the box also then be built, petty roore Hav itect—a geatioman who | ; es; and | brilliant | Marshall ordiag us | | society on the profession at large. It has awakened | seme of them complained of rather rot end The tenth anaual Society for the Relief of Widows and O.phans of Medical Men, was held at the Assembly Rooms, Broadway, on Wednesday evening. Healf-past seven o'clock was the hour named for dinner; but the company, however, did not sit down till half past eight o'clock. The stewards wore, Messrs- Jobn T. Metcalfe, Wm. Rockwell, John G. Adams, 5S. T. Hubbard, Benjamin Ogden, J. W. G. Cle ments, and Oliver White. About one-hundred and forty-fve members of the medical profeezion sat down to dianet—Dr Blise presiding. The invited guests wete the Rev. Dr. Henry, represeating the Church; Hon. Judge Daly, representing: the Ber; Dr. Franklin Bache, the United States Navy; and Dr. Cuyler, the United States Army. Kev. Dr. Henny invoked @ blessing, and the careneny Jecseeden to discuss the of what was pro forthem. ‘The wines were excellent, and we have no-doubt that a little experience at these rooms (this beimg the firet dinner given able them to cater better for the ap- The hall is a vory one, lofty, and well ornamented. From the was nded a beautiful chandelier, imme ly with busts of Hippocrates and lush, the Exealapt uate rates the ky jan representatives of the old country and the new. The table ornamems were the T: of Hygeia, Column of Esculapius, Chemical ratory, Vase of Gulen, Temple of Apollo, and the Fountain of Charity. The present officers of the society are, Treeurer; HD, Balkin MODS oN ra ‘reqsurer; li. D. 9} “D, retary; and A. Ht. Stevens, M.D. Valentine Mow Mt. Ds James Anderson, M D., Vice Presidents ‘A band wasin attendance, and played some appropriate airs. The cloth having been removed, and thanks- giving offered by the Rev. Dr. The Paxsipent rose and said—This was an occasion which brought together the profession for one common object, and it wae fitting taat they should miogle their charities with their festivities. Tbey have found the hallowed: influences of this & sense of self-respect, and respect for the honor of the profession to which they belong, and they therefore rejoice that they are permitted to come together annually on. occasions of this kind. But it is seldom that they come together without their festivities being mingled with sadaess. They bad to record:the death of two. of their members—one of them in the bloom of manhood, who gave promise of being an honor and an ornament te his pee to r Arden, who, on is return from Europe, had met with’s violent death on a railroad. individual they had just followed to the tomb—one honored and be- loved by ail. Thore are fo men in the profession but could be better d than Dr. r3— the agp of Bees of whose deportm " is the tenth anniversary of the society, and it was his | i President’s), duty to announce its eondition. | o whole number of members is eighsy, of whom | thirty-six are life members, by the payment of | $100 at onetime. Eleven have joined the societ; during the present year. Nine memters have died since the organization of the society:—John Ro- vere, John Graham, James A. Washington, John Stearns, Jamas Meskenelé, A. T. Hunter, Luke Barker, John 8: Arden, and J. Kearney Rodgars. ‘The amount of the funds of the society is. ... $10, Lavested in bonds and mortgages, at 1 percent... + $8,500 00 Deposited in id ust Company. +. 3,780 81 Deposited in Boame nk. 12:13 ——— $1492 94 Sead President concluded by proposing the follow- ing :— foe Society whose Tenth A: we this day celebrate—May it continue to prosper so long ss there in a widow to be comforted or an orpban in nevd of sym- | pathy or support.— Music. ‘Lhe President next pro} — ‘The Kindred Professions— Divinity, Law, end Physiom The teachers, the peacemakezs, and the healars of society. The Rev. Dr Hivry being called om to respond for the profession of divinity, said that he was taken by Lgl ned because, surrounded as he was by the rofessi he thought he ebould not have the complex mechanism of we have to do with those ances which are of we flatter ourselves that the contemplation of chat there of diseases. To us the whole social world is one great patient, and we go about the treatment of its dis- eases pretty pat. as you go about those of the in- dividual body When we tind a diseased part, the existence of which may destroy the constitution of the whole body, weeus it out—that is, we send it to the penitentiary But there is this distinction be- tween us—that you labor for the preser vation of life, while we find it necessary, ove » it away; though, perbape it sometimes happens that our course of treatm, though the be tended, leads to the same result. (Great ter.) Perhaps | may be in error, for a great rity—-Doctor Sangrado—said to Gil for the water cure wae it vegue in his doy—‘* Try the water, in pailfuls if necessary ; it is a universal dis- solveny and liguifies the salts ; and; if the dies, be assured that his death ix attributable to ization, and not-to som. wuliar in his. ——z aie 'e are, therefore, co laborers in the treatment of disease. A celebrated modern writer has-put this point of comparison in & less complimentary way-—‘‘ Lawyers and doc tore,” said he, ‘*imay be compared te birds of pri that feed upon carrion: the one lives by the mo: the other by the physical, rotteaness of mankind.” And I don’t » sit, but that our theological brother is to be taken im as a co-laborer in thie gent sick chamber of moral and physical disease, for, a3 it is bis high office to minister com solation in both cases, he may be regarded as occupying the interesting position of nurse. But there 18 another point of oem jon in which [think we gentlemen of the- legal profes- sion pave a decided advantage. | doubt if as an understan subsists. among members the medical as amoag those of the legal profession, and this, | think, may be attributed to the differont manner in which they parsue their different voca- tions. The lawyer is always pitted against an adversary; he-is broughs at once into collisisn with a skilful and well armed op; at, in a mutual struggle for vietory. For the ay of his powers and the exercise of his talents he comes into a public arena and champions his adversary to the Now, the effeet of this collision is highly beneficial and healthfus: As nothing is more = gerous than pent up passion or long nursed animosi- tios, an opportunity is here found to give them vont; they consequently evaporate in this war of words, and, whatever sharp things lawyers publicly say of each other, the matter ends with a healthier feeling anda better understanding. “ We always have a better feeling for man,” says an olf Greek dramatist, ‘‘after we have wroatied with him;” and pol is bs effect of brah oe It nih ror of purging process, st up the bilo ill humors of the system, and. throwing them off by means of this healthy agitetion here is, more- over, % great advantage in having somebody to act as an ampire een them, to decide the master, and put anend.to the strife But, says. the worldwide adage, ‘- Who shall decide when doctors disagre> ?” Consoquently, Mr. Chairman, it is difficult to find a move social ses when they come spe than a nast of ers. Now, the case of the physician is very di nt. He is a si- lent and solitary worker. The mattor is entirely between himself and his patient. He is, conse- quently, more exposed to the ing of professional ey; elite the miemameeesaeton poi sear seme jealousy. He is more easily assailed, aud less easily de gnded. He is powerless himself. for he eannot champion hia undervaluer to the lists, and overthrowhim in the contest of professional skill. He has no shrewd and keen adversary to take ad- vantage of his faults, or, what may be of more va- lue to Sie, to ‘eciate and feol his ability. Thore are no echoing dits to hail the triumphs of his genius. For the developement, thorofore, of those social feelings that grow from AT viene inter- course, his position is far less advantageous than | that of his logal brother. But allow me to say tha: 1 think you have nowfounda moans of overcom- ing the difficulty—that, in the creation of this in- stituticn, you have discovered an excellent substi- pon till a later period of the evening. ie best of all ways to be thankful to the Giver ofall goodness was to bo bountiful to the widow and the orpban. The state of his health, bowever, compelled him to Sengueiot the company as to any speech, and he wor therefore, in brief terms, respond to the toast. He thanked them for the expressions towards the profession of which ho wasa very bumble acd unworthy member. He looked with pleasure on the occasion which assom- bledthem heretogether. Itshows that thoy felt that men aro to live in this world for something more than making money out oftheir minds. For what ‘dves one live but to do bis duty? Not for any solf- ish gain, but doing duty for duty’s sake. (Cheers.) Duty'—great word—uoble idea !—the very power to speak the word bespeaks their high de: tion. e Rev. gentlemax then alludcd to the disiate- rested duty which pertains to the medical profes- sion, and which hallows and elevates it and makes it liberal; of tho perils and hazard of death to whieh the profession is exposed—for what is the man worth who prefers life to duty! He isa poor, paltry earthworm, not fit tolive. (Applauee) In ES lard there are societies which Bi together mont! te a dinner for the good of the poor—(iaughter) and the more they eat the more the poor are do- prived of. Butthe more this society eat, the more went isto the stomach of the poor. (Continued pote ed ). The Rev. gentleman concluded by 9 ng he hoped Ged’s blessing would attend them ail,and theirexertions in the cause ofthe widew and the orphan Jj & Daty, having been loudly oalled on, ni nearly as follows:—Though the bit of epeaking and thiaking upon my logs is a part of my duily vocation, | confess that upon the present occasior it seems to have deserted me. My conpection with the medical profession, in a profes siona! way, has been so very recent—they have #0 fully indoctrinated me into the mysteries of what we lawyers might call chamber pracsico—that the re- col!cetion of the association is anything but agree- able bag oe ) Thesight of a single doctor ise h. The presence of a whole conciave of the eaeye is pertectly overwhelming. CCangaaee ) fecl at the present moment as if | was a fit sub- ject for an operation. 1 am absolutely tongue tied. (Continued laughter.) [ know | should, and I do, feel a proper sense of gratitude for the preservation of health, and, perhaps, for life, through their in- Sstrumentality; but as the beneficial effects of the medicine we swallow sever reconcile us to it as a matter of taste, so |] way be excused for a little pervous agitation at fin myself again in the bends of the dectors. (Cheers and laughter) Uson the present occasion, however, | have an adventage. | am at least upon my legs, and may erjoy the satisfaction of inflicting a speech uy on them, in return for the many unpela:abie doses they bave inflicted upon me. (Renewed laughter. ) Bur this isnot the only cause of my trepidation, ‘or | have not only been in the hands of the doctor, but the doctors bave been in my bands; and as hb treat- ment, 1 could not help feeling, when I received your invitation, as if it wasa kind of writ summoning me here before the medical bar, to show cause in the capacity of a culprit. I was called upon, as come of you, if you read the newspapers, may re- member, to decide, a short time ago, ** What isa doctor’ Now, this weuld seem to be « very plain preposition; but | found it a very difficult cne tourd homeopathy pulling me on this siae, and allo- pathy pulling me onthe other—to say nothing of tte iced civim of the water cure. gan 1 found myself, ae judges very frequently do, pe fect- rpiesed ata embarrassed The more | tried ebe the thing. the more difficult it became, si | felt almost driven to take refuge io th pePent of Sanebo Panza, and dclare tha Now, if you had only invited ce‘ore to your dinner, and [ had had an oppor y ot seeing the kind of medicines you swaliow ureelves. it might have given me a lictle insight into what is necessary to constitute adocwor. (Re newed laughter and cheers ) But, unenlightened as to that, 1 felt called upon to hold, Tespects tae law in relation to the right to recover compensation ~ Scosuch thing m Tus Manonestan (N. H) lyeasticrne — | Catherine V. Poole, arrested at Manchester, NH, for the murder of ber child, A throwing it from the cars, is said, by the Manchester Muror, to be about twenty-three years of age, 5 tive of Haverhill, NH, that she worked at i ii in the summer of 1850, and went to school there the succecding winter, to a man by | the name of French. 1 will de recollected that at ad at No 93 Amoskeag gave ber name as Mrs child was born on the | 7 She went to Lowell last pring, and we believe th rked in some of the | factoriee, sud stopped at Lowell until Wednesday of | leet week, when she went to Haverhill, and on the | succeeding day to Manchester. Her course at | Manchester, we have before atated It seems that | she made several trials to obtain « place to work for ber board the coming winter, but did not succeed, nd says tbat ebe thought al! were against her, and t she had no fricods, In tiie idom, sh doabtedly went tothe cais, and while sit! | depot from two till 7 | noo, aa tt wore frien cate of 8 must nt devolving noatly over- Tolsing all the circumstances into , ¥e must look upon it mere a a case of dea | eration, than of wilful and deliberate tatention We uoderstand (bat the mother reiegted the ciolacs for tag burtai of bor gid yesterday for medical services, thas in this State any man was © be regarded dector who made it bis busiaess +to practise physic. Now, this it seems ga’ offence. It seemed like conferring the gre M.D upon every body that ever stirred Witheut the slightest intention to con: eolf i dioal celiege, | fowod that | had birth to a pew batoh of doc (Immenee ter.) 1 tound [ was convicted of a decided | towards homeopathy. As respects this, however, my conscience was a4 for when critically called to decide in tot! y of my own person, | fut myself in the bands of the allopath:. Bat one searned gentleman seemed to d my opinion as ® personal affront te the whole fession, and did me the upnecceseary honor to me & conapicu- ove place in a public lecture designed for the edifi- cation of young medical students. Ho was pleased, as he expres it, to think me @ judicial libeiler, and Iam charitable enough to think that he thought s, and the only punishment to which I would sub- ject him for the many hard things he thought fit vo eay of me, would Bo to put him in my place, ‘im to explain, in the present conflict what is a doctor! a > seom, sir, at the first blush, to be very the profersion of medi- ; but as it is the practice of our profession to find out analogous cases, | shal) to the influence of professional ba out what fancied or real analo Tn the first place sit, We are equally employed in the study of laws: tute—that nothing could be more appropriate than to agree to come together, and wmi- nister in unison at the common altar of charity and benevolence. And allow me to say, gentlemen, without flattery, that this mak- ing provision for the widow and fatherless, comes naturally from you, for you Saciorereeainqntyy dis tinguished as a profession for the extent of your services in the great field of charity. (Cheers and applnuse ) For though lawyers, like yourselves, give profetsiona! aid gratuitously —althoagh it is the m of C-urts, Where @ man chirged with a criminal offence is without counsel, to assign one to him; and though it is greatly to the honor of the legal profession that through the long record of history 20 wan charged with a criainal oifence ever gone undefended— still there is no compari- son between the gratuitous services renders by medica] men, aud those of all other pursuits put to- gether. In hospitals, in infirmeries, and in tne still wider range of private professional practise, they have done more for suffering humanity than any other body of men. To sum ie oo points of com- parison, therefore, in which | have indulged, and assuming for a moment the judicial vocation, | think I must decide upon theee [ast points, that the oase is decidedly with the di the existence of this institution must be regarded as ® turning point, inasmuch as the doctors have thus made provision for the widows and chil- dren of less fortunate brothers, which the law- ers bave not, Sach institutions are common | n other lands. The regret is that they are | not more common with us. It cannot be said that we are not in want of them, for there is no country in the world—deepite its activity and prosperity— where the mutations of fortune are more froquent. Let vo man in the fulness of professional practice, sup pose there is an antidote against the chances of | fortune, and that he may not be left, like « strand- | ed vesee), in helpless old age. A man whoso name once filled Europe, and whose riehes out vaighed | the treasures of princes, lately died ina garret in | Paris. But it is not from any selfish consideration loctors—(Cheers)—that | te there was a volunteer toast of “Wo- bs 2 which Pro! or Bodiaed teepoaded ine speech. were thus pre- tracted, = near one o'clock, when th separated, greatly pleased with the enjoymenta ot the evening. ‘The Societ the Relief of Poor Widows Qwith Small Children, The annua! meeting of this society was held ea Thursday, in the lecture room of Dr. Potts’ church, corner of Tenth street and University place, for the purpose of accepting the annual re- rt of the visiters, and receiving subsoriptioas Fis society is formed of @ number of benevoleat who have, for many successive Siactad volet to poor wlagen ia their children” ¢ following is the report:—In presenting our members with the fifty-fourth rey of the maa- ner in which we have discharged the duties com- mitted to us, we feel ag a eg conseicus of our inability to make such an account! interesting to them—not that to comfort the fatherless and the widow isa dull or thankless task—far from it. Those who have shared the work ean tell how deep an interest its performance ever awakens ; but our recital of it must, of neces- sity, prove very different. The objects and works of charity, aa described in tales of fiction, are tia, and even ic interest, the result either of b art or skilful exaggeration. We not one, and dare not use the other; but shall we, therefore, fail to excite your sympathy in benalf of eur miserable jioners ? The following littie -anecdote, handed to us by one of the visiters of the soviety, we shall give in her own words :— ‘Among the poor whom, as members of the Wi- dows’ Society, we are called upon to visit, none interest the fe or toueh tfe heart 80 dee piy asthose who, by the recent death of worthy hus- bands, are reduced from comparativo independence almost always invested with a degree of to a state of penury. Im February a friend of Mrs. C—s te inform me that she had just lost her husband, had two small children, and was io great want of assistance. | went to her house im- mediately. The room, thi small, was ag nost as possible. It was occupied by herself and two lovely little girls, of the ages of three years aad eighteen months. All were neatly eod everything bore an air of comfort. I spoke of her clean, cheerful apartment, when her eyes filled with tears, and she said:— ‘ Yes ma’am, it was pleasant onee, when he came home to it, and found us what we needed to make us happy. It is three woeks since be died; I buried him, and there is nothing left. His friends have helped me; but they are getting tired of it, and now! cannotwork. [f Godspares my life for a few weeks longer, | hope to sup my ohil- den.’ 1 gavoher aid from the society, whigh cheered her spirit, and, with the promise to call sooa sgain, Liefther. Two weeks after! paid her aa- other visit. A little boy had beon added to ber treasures aad her cares; at first, with a motaer's smile of pleasure, she mted her healthy baby to me, and then, with the agony of a breaking heart, sheremembered her desolate widowhood. At such atime words of Semen and kindness aro as necessary to the nourishment of the spirit a3 food is to the bi they who can, supply us with the ed, and to feed the hungry ; may we carry with their gifts words of peace and comfort, and may the widow's God accept thoir offerings ond ours, and add to them the fruits of righteousness. Mrs. C——, with the ss Bi pect of continued assistance, soon regai wealth and strength, and now, with her own uatir- ing exertions and the relief furnished by the society, she hopes to support herself and her little ones dur- ing the coming winter.” lany an incident of the same simple nature might we add—incidents which, in the reality, were deeply touc! yet if repeated by us, we fear they ight seem but trite, common place anecdotes, ba- cause we would fail to convey the look, the tous, the expreesion, which, when they accompanied them, gave tl power to stir our hearts. Could you a the time to go with us, however, we mi ove to you in a manner our words would a how real is the misery we witness, ee ° fail to sold the benefits you enable us to confer would lead you to many a bare, desolate room, or dismal cellar, or cold garret, which wore more cheerless, more wrete! still, before your liberality e us the means to assist their starving inmates. From these we would take you to happy, comfortable little homes, which, but for you, had etill been the miserabie boles Where hopeless anguish poured hi And lonely want retired to die We would show you rosy little fase, over which, when first we saw them, want or sickness hed spreed a livid hue, more dreadful far to be- hold on these youthful countenan thau ou those of older and more bardy sufferers Anu better atill, we would point to those whom @ timely visit bas, perhaps, saved from sin and despair—for, as Carts- tians, we are bound to carry the gospel far aad near, to the heathen abroad, and no Jess to the do- graded at home—but the blessed tidings of aaira- tion will fail to impress the ear deafened by sutfer- irg, and the bread of Life will be but too oftea rv jected by thore to whom how to obtain the daily Vread of poverty bas become the firs: thougat—tag all-engroseing care. but let us relieve the preseat wants of these yr ones, and, in wa very licde while, they will listen with softened hearts whilst we endeavor to lift their thoughts tot interests of eternity. Thus, what seems to the body, may become mercy tothe soul 03, then, in portioning out the various sums waisa generosity and @ sense of duty cownse! you to be- stow for the relief of your suifering fellow creatures during the coming forget not this, one of the oldest assoot on your list, For yoars has this society diffused blvssing and assistaace among a class of sufferers peculiarly recommended in Seripture to our care; nor shall it ever, we trust, fail of fulfilling the mission confided to it; so that although sometimes dismayed by the fast epreading limits and ever increasing numbers of our districts, yet we cannot doubt but that, helped aa we have been hitherto, we shail be enab! Remember our sorrowful widows and help! an. of prospective benefis to yourselves, that sach an institution should have claims upon you It is the aid it administers to those in want of it, that enti- tles it to your support andservices Merit in every | yrofeesion may ultimately hope for its deserts; but there are many melancholy instances, povsnonen te the practice of medicine, where it govs unrowar Dr. Jehneon has said, in ore of his fine antithetical sentencer, that ‘‘a physician, in a great city, is the mere Plaything oftortune. Those who employ him are unable to judge of his excellence, and those who will not, are incapable of understanding his de ficult for any man to rise who is destitute of learn- | ing or great natural ability. The error of the ig- nerant doctor may be buried in the grave of his pa- | tient. The error of the ignorant lawyer is public- | ly exposed, in the annihilation of bis case. In the one case, exposure is certain and fatal; in the other | there is a shelter for ity. The modest man | of merit, therefore, in your profession, who will | pot or cannot learn the little arts by which the world is imposed upon, or whom no lacky accident | bes liftedinto the pa hway of fortune, may pass the whole circle of bis life, barely securing sub- sieteuce, and then leave thore who, in life, were dear to bim, altogether dependent 4 ® busy, efoceupid, and uncaring world. ben a man must turn his Wong towards the setting sun, and feels that the night of darkness is coming fast upon | bim, | can conceive no gpa more de etban thie—the purpeses of life unrealized, the accumu- lation of learving heaped up in vain—his approach- ing footatere about to be enveloped in that film that ehreuds all mortal beings, and no ray of hope shoring from the pathwa; is leaving. (Great appleuse ) It is a high office that your Saat boics out that consolation to the old, worn ureuccessful practitioner. Such institutions, more- over, accomplish the true purpose of charity. men may discharge all the claims upon indi- vid benevolence, but he cannot always be ver- judiciously beswowed. No can arise in ot to that which ives to a public charity; for, though its sphere _ be limited, ite operation is systemat The de pen its bounty are not Jeft to the chance im pulse of benevole: receive that certainand | regular aid which otual A | man who connects hi stitution | be raid to act rue spirit of dirinterest- | ; is bestowed from | given with the pre- | sent or ultin: public approbation No- thing is wor joly pame ot cbarity except thet which epriegs from the sacred sense of dary, | ard whieb is be: mpie consideration that we are spare that ich others are in need In the equal contribution of | all your members, there is no Mo pane for oaten- tatious dieplay—nothing but what springs from yout mutual desire for the common object, cemented by euch a bond of union. I wish you every prosperity; jour mstitution mm continue as & moans dirg the unfortunate, and as the monns of jally together; and important, VO to offer & “A more extended intereourse amon, beral professions, and of une members cach with each other ” fects.” New in the profession of the law, it is dif- | | designated the compromise measures it, or | are privileged by Heaven to usip blessii f her that was ready to perish shall come upon you ;” nor shall ‘tod fo you, for “blessed is he that considereth the poor; the Lord will deliver him in time of trouble | The following summary will show the amount ex- peep during the last winter :— Yood and coal....... eves | Provisions... . Clothing . Board ot children Sickness. .... . | Donations . When the foregoing report was read, subsorip- tions were taken up, after whica the meeting sepa- rate: Subreriptions in aid of the Society will be re ceived by any of the members, or by Mrs Swirt, Secretary of the Society, No § Clinton Place Govenxon ff, oF Anamanta Praoovers = ollowipg is (hat portion Collier's meteege tothe Legislature of Alabama, te the products ef the anti slavery States, and the o mise measures : is mot my purpose to speak of tae euactmente ef Congress which collectively have beea In an wftirwss to the public. more thaa twelve months since, i expressed my Views in respect to those acts, and have bad as oes rt sion to change the views I then ancounoed at ime discuss the slavery juestinn, oF ( the Btates ina controversy with the general g Should | heresfter deem it a duty to com grave topics, [shall not hesitate to expres my « with becoming frankness to the Genera: Assembly la the meantime. let it not be inferred that I think we should do nothing to countervall the ancagoniem of t he | abolition and free soil interests «t the North—interests whieb L regard ntioal, al at the contuame- tion of the 4; the latter boldly, the former in sidiously and under & disguived policy. Lm several of the free States, these slaaes have a commanding tm fluence, aad not only denouper, in theit primary snd legislative assemblies the Southern institu ase great moral evil, and those who are copnmected with it as offenders against the laws of God, but discourage or op- pore the execution of the only compromise maagure tr which the Southern people have aay peculiar solicitude Co-operation on the of the South could make these Btates feel our power by measures eutirety logtuimate and peaceful The regulation of commerce between the States, or the United States, and a foreign cowatry, it must be conceded pertains te Congress; and that it is incompetent for a State to dirwetiy subject to ite revenue lawr mere! andise within ite ports, until (< commingled with the property of the people of the State like other property Bat m this tranemutation of condition takes piace, it then becomes subject to \be jecal law—it puts off the charecter of an import. sad the right to tex it become lear. The second section of the fourth article of the constitution of the United , that “the eitizens of each State abali be entitied to ull privileges and immunities of ott: im the several Sates.’ Perhaps # fair corms would inhibit the imposiiion of « higher tax on #et ht here for sale by citizens of other States. thaa w pala by our own products or manufactures of « mmilac Geeeription ; but this is the the | tiowal protection Upon a | be petemt to impose a thing produerd or menat ur own state oe abroad L certainly rould not advise the pasmge ot aay {Il which public opinion does not entirely apprors Buc tr the por Wier voice will sanction it, I shourd comsider « a meastie of expediency to impose @ discrimiaacing tax upon the prodeces and manufactures of the States uase bare proved (hrmselves Tecreant to the performances av ajss 60 ° -HANCIS WHS DUt loudly ‘called on, and re sponded in @ vety eloquent apeech He conolu '+t Ly introduguyg yo the company his gld friend, Dr