The New York Herald Newspaper, October 30, 1851, Page 4

Canadian Affairs. After a struggle of some ten or fifteen years, what is termed a responsible government has been estab- liehed in Canada, and also in Nova Scotia, which implies that the advisers of the Governor shall con- duct the government ofthe province in such a man- ner as to command the support of a majority in the Assembly, and who must retire when they can no Reform—The Postmaster a ki Departas ie Reform of ‘ost Offi should be & special objeet of ot next il gress. Itis true, whatever law may be enacted, @ great deal of good cannot be anticipated unde the present miserable concern of Nathan K. Hall, Fits Henry Warren & Co.; for they will mar and) b States— | six cents per ton should be levied ; second, on ships | Father w and the Religious Press. thereafter built in the United States, and partly or The lat number of the Jndependent—a religious wholly owned by foreigners, thirty cents per ton; | paper, published in this city—contained an attack and third, on all other ships fifty cents per tof. on the venerable and good Father Mathew, which McCullough says this duty was afterwards | exhibits a malignity totally at variance with the raised to one dollar per ton. ‘These acts , spirit of Christianity. It stated that the report of were all approved by President Washington, | Father Mathew’s indebtedness was a sheer fabrica- and though general in terms, were directed tion—that the Hon. Mr. Clay, who entertained the External Policy of the United New ‘and Mar! Larger ets. The United States presents an extraordinary spec- tacle in reference to its maritime and commercial interests. We have, comparatively to our re- sources, scarcely any trade with the rest of the world; and yet we are constantly engaged in elect- ing, and continuing in office, a set of superannuated ~ NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, PROPRIETOR AND EDITOR. i @rviCk N. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU STS. THE DAILY HERALD, 2 cents per copy~$7 per THE WEEKLY. HERALD, eve Saturday, at 8% | politic ho bs themselves, and wh 9: the. beat systems that: en he leopy, or $3 per annum ; the European Edition, jians, who have no scope jee, ARG WO} as the carta meritiaa of Ep land, and were of Apostle of Temperance at his hospitable housein | longer command such a majority. , y! adopted, and per ammo my Part af eons ieee tage” 2"W | are afraid that the country will get too strong. In course polalialacy. All pay ee areevil. They Kentucky, and who used his influence. towards But the experiment, as faras Canadais concerned, | make it worthless. ‘The pre-payment system, and: NDENCE, Sontaini politics, as in commerce, they keep us in the wake are like protective tariffs tor manufacturers—they | raising a contribution for him, as well as his friends | owing to the difference of races, has proved a fail- | the stamp system, under their bad wes warter of the world: Vota Fonsion Connes: of England, which is a false position altogether for the great republic. Into her lap they are con- fear are about to fall into disrepute. The Post | had been duped; and that Mr. Clay’s friends Office Department, at the next session, will be ro- | here, who united with him in the movement, want- ure, and never can succeed in tha coleny until the debilitate the interest they pretend to foster ; and fee inhabitants of British origin, sacrificing thelr poli- the free and irrepressible spirit, wh’ch has finally 5 AND PACKAGES SENT TO US. TO NOTICE iaken af anonymous communications. GIR EAE et eery mornin IGE PRINTING ceceuted with meatheas, cheapness, PETTERS by mail, for “ubseriptions, or with Volume XVI..............605 sone NO, 281, AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery—Gamoten’s Fara—Cnoss oy Deatn—Ma. anv Mus. Wuire, ROADWAY THEATRE, Broadway—Tamive A Tan- WaR—ALL THAT GLiTrERs is Nor GoLD. NIBLO’S GARDEN, Broadway—MittineRs—GRAZIER Ba—Rep Grome ann Wire WARRIOR, BURTON'S THEATRE, Chambers street—Narune’s Novisman—Usev Ur. NATIONAL THEATRB, Chatham street—Maser— Waren Doc—Biack Even §& - BROUCGHAM’S LYCEUM, Broadway—Ros Rov—Waire Bouse ov rue Perreus. CHRISTY’S MINSTRELS, Mechanics’ Hall, 472 Broadway —Ernorian MINSTRELSY. FELLOWS’ MINSTRELS, Fellows’ Musical Hall, No. 444 Brosdway—Erniorian Minstarisy. AMERICAN MUSEUM—Aw ‘WERHOON AND Evenin BOWERY CIRCUS—Eev DOUBLE SHEET. New York, Thursday, October 30, 1851. une Pervormances Ar IAN PERYORMANCES. This Morning’s News. Our columns, this morning, are well stocked with foreign and domestic information of every descrip- tion. By the arrival of the steamship Europa at Bos- ton, last evening, we have a few additional items ef interest from Eurepe, which will be found ua der the telegraphic head. Faustin the First, the ebony Emperor of Hayti, appears to have been cornered at last. From Hayti, we learn that the American, English and French authorities have entered into an arrangement to stantly pouring our wealth, and she has so far controlled our exchange that she gets the lion’s share. With the world at large, in fact, we have scarcely any commerce. This tutelage has become outrageous, and must be broken up. That politi- cal party which makes the breach with England, by establishing the American system of universal free trade, will take and hold the future destinies of the Union in its hands. The whig party has to wake up to the pursuit of larger issues than the old platform; and its statesmen must learn that all the pother they make about their grand clause in commercial treaties, for the extradition of crimi- nals, is ‘small beer,” compared with their true object. We do not think there ever was a finer illustration of one of Mr. Webster’s happiest pas- sages, than in the experience of the United States, under the universal extradition clause. A dozen foreign ministers, at large salaries, have been called by different administrations, to concoct a system of hostility to escaping criminals, and yet it is a great deal to say that a baker’s dozen have fallen before the :kill of diplomacy in as many years. It has happened in that business of re- capturing offenders, who have fled from one treaty making State to another, oftener than it generally happens, “‘in the history of human affars, that the rigor of the war has not come up to the sound- ing phrase of the manifesto.” Larger game is afoot, and the wisdom and dili- gence of the State Department, ani that of Con- gress, as wellasthe Treasury, should be exerted for the general advantage of the States. The non- criminal population of the whole country demand that ourrulers should ocoupy themselves no longer in the functions of an unsuccessful police. We must henceforth seek to enlarge our direct trade with all the world, to enlarge also our indirect trade; but, finally and imperatively, to so legislate as to open markets everywhere for our peculiar staples : corn, provisions, cotton, tobacco, rice, and other less important articles. The United States are bursting with a plethora of these items of in- dispensable human comfort, and their production could be doubled if there were a demand; but we @ompe! Faustin to sign and respect a treaty of peace with the Dominican government; and in case of refusal, they were determined to blockade his ports. His black majesty had not yet given an newer to this proposition of the three powers, but promised to do so soon. The politicians are hard at work at Albaay, by way of preparation for the fray next Tuesday. According to our correspondent, there is likely to be a grand row between the officials and outsiders, with regard to the contracts on the unfinished ~ @anals, in consequence of the ssuing ef two distinct motices to contractors—ene by the Canal Conmis- sioners, and the other by the Engineer's Depart- ment. the canal fight in the Legislature, next winter. ‘The Pennsylvanians are in ecstacies, in conse- quence of the splendor of their first State Fair, mew being held at Harrisburg. The Hon. James Buchanan was among the distinguished persons pre- went yesterday. The good people of that oommon- wealth, having hitherto been rather behind their meighbors with regard to axhibitions of this kind, seem disposed to make the most of their sudden waking up. A Liverpool correspondent furnishes some inter- esting particulars, for the espeeial edification of the ladies, relative to the visi; of Queen Victoria to va- rious large cities, and the progress that the Bloom- ¢r costume is making in Her Majesty's dominions. ‘The same writer adverts to the recent attempt of @ Lancasbire magistrate to muzzle the local press, by imprisoning, fora fortnight, the proprietor of the Jowrnal for a fancied insult. Although there appears to have been no moral justice in this pro- eeeding—as the editor in question was not guilty of any real misdemeanor— it is asserted that the magis- terial dignitary acted in conormity with the strict letter of the law of England. In connection with this matter, we observe that Alderman Salomons, who some time ago tel @ great sensation on the question of admitting Jews into Parliament, has been notified to answer two charges brought against him before the (Qucen’s Bench, “for voting im the House of Commons without taking the oath on the faith of a true Christian.” These are very eurious and interesting proceedings, at the present day, in a land where they boast that they are sa- perlatively happy, enlightened and free. Such jadicial proceedings might have been very well waited to the dark ages; but they will never be tamely submitted to by the people of the present generation. The Allocation of Pope Pius the Ninth—to be found on another page—will be read with con siderable interest by all good Catholios, as well as | the larger port.on of those professing Protestant Prine: ples ‘The Emperors of Austria and Hayti—one white, and the ovuer black—have lately astonished their mubjects, as well as the rest of mankind, by a series of magnificent displays, receptions, kc. We cam uot tell which is the imitator. ‘The hostile position assumed by Wild Cat, the notorious Seminole ch ef, on the western side of the Rio Grande, is justly causing considerable sensa- tion in Texas. This Indian, who seems to be the ruling epirit of all the runaway negroes and despe- tedoes, as well asthe larger portion of the abori- | gines on the southern border, has at last joined the Mexicans, with the pretended design of subduing the Sierra Madre revolutioniste. It is probably not | Sut of love for the Mexican government that he joined its forces; but, on the contrary, it ie more than likely that he has taken this step for the pur, pore of availing bimeelf of the almost aolimited Hioense it will give his raseally band to plunder, Gespoil, and fmurder all that cross their path ‘This Indian is represented as one of the most saga- hous of bis race—very intelligent, remarkably oun- ning, and, with but few bxceptions, as complete a | We shall probably have a second edition of | have had no genius in the country who could mould atrue American system of interchange with the | world. The influence of Downing street geverns Washington; and we are to be favored soon witha successor te Sir Henry Bulwer and his place, as in- timate and confidential adviser of the adminis- tration. A short view of the foreign policy of the United States will show what has been done on the subject; and not much more is wanted to show what further should be done, and what avoided. But, as we started on our legislative career, with respect to commerce, for the purpose of retaliating the illi- berality of England, it will be proper to state what blow she struck at us first. Her attack upon us began when we were in the cradle, and was designed to keep us there; it was the celebrated navigation act of 1650, two hundred years persevered in, till it was repealed by the act which took effect twen'y months ago. It was passed Oct. 9, 1651, by the wish of Cromwell, through the republican parliament, and was adopted after the accession of Charles II.; and, although frequently England, except iv English ships, t.pglish seamon, restrictions on foreign commerce only existed. It was not until there was some spirit of liberty manifested in the North American colonies, that the restrictive system was levelled at them. The common impression made by English economis:s of our day on the public mind, is, that this system originated in jealousy of Holland; but it was more the offspring of hostility to the colonies of the New World; and it was aimed at them to promote the prosperity of the mother country at their expense, by cutting up all intercourse between them and foreign nations. The navigation act provided ex- pressly, that no goods or commodities whatever, the growth, manufacture, or produce of Asia, Africa, or America, should be imported into either England, Ireland, or any of the plantations, except in ships owned by English subjects, and the mas- ters and majority of the crews Englishmen. It pro- vided further, that there should bs no exports into the colonies from Europe except in British ships, or in the ships of the country producing the articles the growth of the colonies, and kept down their energies of mind as well as body. In May, 1843, Mr. Webster, then ex-Secretary of State, on his which wae not more ill suited to the latitade, than it was founded upon a misconception of the British Navigation act itself, He is reported to have said:—* In my opinion, the true principle—the phi- | lesophy of politics on this subject is exhibited in the old navigation law of England, introduced by some of the bold geniuses of Cromwell's time, and acted upon ever since. The principle is this—the rule is this —Any nation may bring to us commodities in | their own vessels, and carry our corn ts her own ports, we having the like privilege ; but no nation shall bring the products of a third nation, or carry between us and that nation.” In his own language, on another occasion, ‘‘it re. | quires no aid of exposition, or detection,” to show | the error of fact into which Mr. Webster fell or that occasion. It is as obvious as the error of taste in putting euch a dostrine to the maratime city of Baltimore. We hope that the nativity of the re strictive policy had nothing to do with Mr. Web- tter’s admiration of it; or ifit had, that inasmuch a+ in 1549, Engiand wholly repealed the navigation act, bi 1 feel free te go with us for enlarging in stead ofcircumscribing the area of American ship- ping and American trade. After the tremendous fall of British pride, and the total logs of the brightest jewel in the diadom of the British crown—after York town, and the year 17*3, England altered her act to suit her altered oir cumstances; she demanded a differential cargo and tontage duty on our ships and produce, as she did, lately, the full postage on letters to England, carried by the Bremen steamers. If Cave Johnson, Postmaster (seneral, should get credit for nothing else, he deserves it for having cut short the diplo- at London, by asking fall portage on Canada letters via New York, and #0 coercing the British post office into terms. It was to repel the illiberal differential duties of Great Britain against the flag of every nation, that the United States passed the second act, after the ratification of the constitution, for the purpose of retaliation. Observe, that she kept up, a¢ far as the new circumstances allowed, her old blind navi- gation law, exacted differential duties on goods not modified, has always been the carta maritim: of England. There were navigation laws which can be traced back to Richard L1.; and in the reign of Henry VII, the importation of commodities to manned by wae prohibited The idea of These tyrannical enactments seriously crippled | way to Marshfield, made a speech at Baltimore, | mastered the seas, and which will lay its fingers, | after a period of free trade, on every art which is suited to our wants, struggled to get away from a restriction, and to take the open field of universal — | half a dezen of them—likewise say that when the com petition. There have been three successive stages of the contest, which we propose hereafter to explain. ‘The first relates to the direct trade of the United States with foreign countries, the second to the in- direct trade, and the third to the specific efforts made by us to push not only our ships, but our pe- culiar staples, into the ports of Europe. Tus Donatpson CorRrEsronpencr—Tug Mys- | tery Crrarine Ur —The Donaldson correspon- dence, as it has been called, which was first pub- lished in the columns of this journal, seems to bo creating more and more excitement and disturbance among all the small statesmen and smaller politi- cians, who aro struggling, right and left, in breeches and out of breeches, at public meetings and at din- ner parties, in the cars and by the way-side, to pro- cure a nomination for the next Presidency, at the national convention of next summer. It has been stated in the Texan journals that Sam Houston, who is the best military match we have fer Gen. Scott in the presidential race,—it has been stated that Sam is highly offended at some of the epistles | | bled letter which the Apostle of Temperance wrote | toa friend of his in Boston, in the month of Janu- promulgated in the Donaldson correspondence, and that he intends to publish a long manifesto in the newspapers, explaining his position and dashing back all the insinuations made against his ambi- tion. Until we see that immense and terrible cor- respondence from Texas, we must take up the debris of the political waters, as they come within our reach, and be satisfied with “‘a hasty plate of soup” till the roast beef makes its appearance. So it seems that Senator Douglas, of Illinois, who is likewise a prominent candidate for the Pre- sidency, has come out onthe Donaldson correepon- dence, as savagely—as Mr. Jefferson Brick would say—as arusty meat axe, but not in so direct a manner as he comes out before agricultural shows and agricultural societies. In the Washington correspodence of a morning cotemporary— the Cowrie and Enguirer—we find a very important statement containing the views of Senator Doug- | las, which must have originated with the Senator | himself, and no doubt was communicated by that | gentleman himeelf, to “Mr. Inspector”—tho Wash- ington correspondent ef the journal that published it in this city. Here it is:— Senator Douglas is still here. It is reported a very curious interview took place between him and the agent who contributed his veluable sid to bringing into the world the notorious Donaldson and Greer correspon- denee, Among other distinguished members of the de- mocratic party who were addrereed by one or other of thore, most shady of shadows, Judge Douglas received & missive—while enjoying his otium cum dignitate at New port—very long, very illegible and very pointiess. He coneluded the writer was # fool or an impcstor, but filed the letter away among matters to be thought of at leigure. When the replies to Messrs, Greer and Donaldson appear- ed im @ morning poper of your city, the Senator congra- tulated himeelt upon the prudence and sagacily which had kept bim clear of a enare into which so many older politicians had been betrayed. He still, however, kept the little memento about A few days since, a eer- tain gentieman sent up his card to Judge D.’s room. and this gentieman is well koown to be tae intimate and con- fidant of e certain other gentle: who has the reputa- tion of being the ideatical eriginal of the counterfeits, Greer and Donaldson, Between the moment of its recep- tion and the admission of the vistter, « hasty comparison bad been instituted of the calligraphy on the card and the exccked chirography of the letter to Newport. The re- rult will appear from the following brief colloquy which is reported to have taken pisce :— § lank, I am glad to re of acall trom you to see you, Judgs, after your trip to the £0 yor ow. I ARK Thy avon be Beto if it is true, as 1 the Dow me ask you reported that ‘& trick of iy said [had than you you did n that I, or aay friendof mine, had snythiag to do imposture. iy. Judge, | wae not prepared for this; you tion, idson and hi Now, is not this amusing? Senator Douglas, while he has exhibited more tact than his associ aspirants, should, however, keep his temper, and make distinctions and differences in his denuncia- tions of fraud, trick, and imposture. It has not been made out to our satisfaction, or to that of the ed to make political capital for that distinguished statesman, among our Irish population, and that Father Mathew was entirely free from debt. The editor or the editors of this journal—for there are movement was first set on foet, they had a suspi- cion that the story of Father Mathew’s indebted- ness was a fabrication, or, in other words, that that amiable, pious, and venorable priest had reserted to falsehood and deception, for the purpose of ope- | rating on the sympathies of the American people, } and swindlizg them out of thirty or forty thousand | dollars. Before making such sweeping charges as these | against a public man, and he a minister of the | gorpel of the Messiah, it might be supposed that the reverend editors of the Independent weuld have satisfied themselves that they were right. This they did not, er would not, do. All they wanted was to have a fling at Father | Mathew, solely because he is a Catholic priest; and zing the slightest pretext, these amiable gentle- | men, with snow white neckershiefs, and holiness and piety depicted on every feature of their coun- tenances, launched their shafts at the Irish priest, | and in so many words pronounced him an impostor. “Out of his own mouth,” said they, “we will con- vict him;” and accordingly they published a gar- ary, 1850, which contained the following: —“Having now extricated myself,* * * I now for the first time find myself perfectly free.” This the chari- table clergymen who edit the Independent, havo | distorted into, “We have before us the evidence of | Father Mathew himself that he is entirely freo | from debt.” Now, what are the fasts in the case, and under | What circumstances was this letter written? They | are plainand simple. And before making such an infamous charge against the good Father Mathew, the editors of the Independent could, if they were So disposed, have made themselves acquainted with them. When Father Mathew arrived in this coun- try,@ movement was commenced by his country- | mento raise a sum of money to pay off his debts, and leave a balance sufficient to support the good old man for the brief remainder of his days. Tho movement was unsuccessful, as only a sum less than | three thousand dollars was collected at that ime. This eum Father Mathew received; and after having promised that it should be devoted to the spread of temperance, he said he then, for the first time, found himself perfectly free | to go on with his glorious mission. The context | of the sentence, therefore, it will be seen, was | thrown aside, and the parts that would have ex. plained it were omitted and * * * put in their place. This is the manner in which the pious and | reverend editors of the Independent seek to impugn | the character of Father Mathew as a man of truth and veracity, ani to prevent the people of this country from contributing to his relief. Bat wo could not expect anything better from that journal. The Independent is the most intolerant and bigotted religious journal published in the United States. Every arrow which it discharges is poisoned, anda | spirit of gall and wormwood pervades every article itcontaing. It is fulltime that its character was exported. It lacks one of the great elements of Christianity—charity. It countenances opposition to constitutionally enacted laws, even to the spilling of blood, and is one of the worst foes of our politi- cal institutions. If its preaching were to prevail, the Southern States would be converted into a se- ccnd San Domingo, the fires of Smithfield would be re-kindled, and duped and deceived mankind would again “cut each other's throats for the love of God.” In relation to the efforts that are being made to raise a “Father Mathew Fund,” we sincerely hope they will be successful. A man who has done so | much good for his race, in Europe and in this coua- try, should not be allowed to be incumbered with ¢ebt, nor should his simple wants be unsupplied for the remainder of his life. He has effected more good, in his humble way, than fifty parsons of the Jn- dependent echoo! could effect in a thousand years; and it will be @ disgrace to the United States if he leaves our shores—which he will shortly do forever— without receiving a testimonial of the manner in | which the American people appreciate a pastot | who, like Father Mathew, devoted his talent and | ability to the good of his specios; who expended his | fortane and bis means in the good work; who—one public, that the corresponderce in quostion was an | in ten thousand—literally took up the cross and imposture in any part, or in any form. There can | followed the example of bis Master, the great foun- be no question but that all the letters of the politi- cians, from Martin Van Buren, or Joshua R. Giddings, down to the smallest sigher after office, were veritable epistles, and proceeded from the hands of their signers. The only part of the busi- ness which remains in doubt, is the actual, personal, | positive existence of Donaldson and Greer—a fact | | which seems to be conceded by some of the Texas papers, whore editors had actually discovered Donaldson cultivating cotton on s small planta:ion in that State But if there is any humbug about Donaldson and Greer, we begin to suspect that Thurlow Weei— the “One-Eyed Thompson” of New York politics— | knows all about it, from top to bottom, from contre to clreumference. During the last few days Thur- low has been in this city, flitting about like a trou- bled spirit, examining a large packet of letters remaining at the Astor House uncalled for, and addressed to Messrs. Donaldson and (reer, some of | which have the franks of distinguished politicians in different parts of the country. For five and twenty years past, Thurlow Weed has been the master spirit of the dirty portion of whig politics in | this State. He commenced his ca: er as a chiffom- nier in the troubled waters of tae anti-masonic | excitement, and has proceeded from formation to formation, as geologists say, beginning with the primary and ending with the vegetable, until he probably set on foot some idea, which somebody picked up and carrfed out in the very famous Donaldson correspondence, and published in our | columns, as a medium of general circulation and general intelligence, for the purpose of blowing up all the democratic candidates and democratic aspi- rants, as Edge lets off his firewor den on the Fourth of July. We disposed to believe that Thurlow Weed has touched the bottom of the whole of this correspondence, and that Donaldson and Greer ar il known to him. We should like to commence an investigation un. der, not one oath, but a dozen, in order to test our suspicions, and acouracy of our rurmises. It was no doubt intended fora “good enough Mor- gan” until after the Presidential election Let Beonator Douglas of lilinois, Sam Houston of Texas, and ex-President Van Buren of Kindor- | der of Christianity. Tue Fam or tue American Lxerrrvte—Tue Awarping or THe Prizes.—The design of the American Institute is excellent, and no doubt a lar, mount of good has been done, from time to time, by stimulating ingenuity and talent through | the competition it opens to the American public. But, while we admit its usefulness to a certain ex- tent, we cannot shut our eyes te its faults, and to the humbug and deception practised by its mana ger, partiy through ignorance, and partly from | other causes. Their decisions in awarding pre- miume are regaried by intelligent men, who have | paid attention to the matter, as no indications what- | ever of merit in the articles exhibited. Miserable productions often receive the rewards, while the finest works of mechanism and art either go unno- ticed, or are honored with a secondary premium or a diploma. Hence the dissatisfaction and com- | plaints every year. Tho result is, that in many de | partments competition is checked; for when me- | chanics, artizans, and artists, flod all their labor and | expense unrequited, they will not try again; and oth: who might be disposed to compete, seeing or hearing of the injustice, will be discouraged from makirg any attempt. It is worthy of observation, | that the fair of the present year was, onthe whole, | one of the worst ever held in Castle Garden—a fact which is the more remarkable as the State Fair, held at Rochester, was by far the greatest that ever took place in the State of New York, orin the United States. Never did the judgments at Castle Garden give more diseatisfaction than at the receatfair. It ecemed as if it was only by chance, or where thero was no competition, that they were right. In at least one half the cases the premiums were wrongly bestowed. One of the most striking instances is that of daguerreotypes. The very best judges, and, indeed, the general voice, awarded the first prize to & different competitor from him who received it. superios on . ia coo opdanaier” Torester iealteiioa theroagaly useful and efficient, it is neceseary to = old regime, and elect in their place a totally di at tetof men. Until this is fon mismanagemont and injustice will prevail on one side, and discontent and complaint on the other. tical and eligious differences on the altar of their country, deprive the French Canadians of that ascendancy which, while possessed by a non-pro- greesive race, will never be exercised for the public good. In fact, the province must become essen- tially English before it can advance in that career of prosperity which it is capable of attaining. It has been a great misfortune, as respects the French population themselves, that French law’ and institutions—the offspring of a less enlightened era—should have been permitted to remain in force after the conquest of the country; andit was equally a mistake to give to the French population of Low- er Canada a representative Council and Assembly, for which they were totally unprepared. At present, the number of,representatives for the entire province, is eighty-four—one half of whom are fiom the lower province, about twenty-five be- ing Franco-Canadians. These vote, generally speaking, in a body, with the government, even in matters exc'usively connected with Upper Canada; which, in return, secures their support by pandor- ing to their prejudices. It is with this view that the seat of government bas been removed to Que- bec, although it has only met during two sessions at Toronto—at which places it was understood it ehould be held alternately every four years—thus causing great expense and inconvenience, and satis- fying neither party. The recent break up in the cabinet may be attri- buted, in a great measure, to the retirement of Mr. Baldwin, the father of responsible government, but who is of too conservative a turn of mind to meet the views of the ultra liberal party, and who retired from the government in consequence of having nar- rowly escaped a defeat, when a proposition was in- troduced to abolish the Court of Chancery, which has but recently been established in the provinces. It appears that the new cabinet is to consist of Mr. Hincks, as Inspector General; Mr. J. Morris, late Post er General; Dr. Rolph, President of the Council; Mr. Cameron, Postmaster General; Mr. Morin, Provineial Secretary; Mr. Taché, Re- ceiver General, and Messrs. Richards and Drum- mond, the Attorneys General. Of these gentlemen, Mr. Hincks is decidedly the beet qualified as a leader in the House of Assembly. He is a man of considerable tact and nerve, and, like Mr. Baldwin, whatever he may have been in former times, when seeking for popularity, is at present not disposed to run"into extremes. Mr. Morris is decidedly a man of business habits, and is possessed of considerable wealth, who will be succeeded in the Post Office | epartment bya gentle man of good business habit, but who may be put down as ultra liberal in bis views, and who will vote with Dr. Rolph onthe clergy reserve question. ‘Lhe latter gentleman, who is an Englishman by birth, took so active a part in the disturbance of 1837-'38, that like Mackenzie, he deemed it the most prudent course to quit the province for a time. Mr. Taché isa member of the Legislative Council, and, as is the case with the French gene- rally, is a conservative ingrain. He made a speech during the last session, which gave the advocates of the abolition of the clergy reserves to under- stand tbat he would not vote for their application to an* other purpose than that for which they were originally designed. The two new Attorneys General are far inferior, n point of abilities, to their predecessors—Mesars. Baldwin and La Fontaine. Of these, Mr. Dram- mond, who is of Irish origin, is undoubtedly the superior. He took @ very active part during the late session, in the movement which had for its object the abrogation ef the seignorial tenure in Lower Canada, evidently with a view to secare popularity, to the annoyance of the seigneurs in the Assembly. Mr. Morin was the Speaker in the last House, @ situation for which, owing to his want of determination and decision, he was entirely unfitted. He wasalso too much ofa partisan. He is, however, an amiable person, of much urbanity of manner, of high literary attainments, and well qualified for the office which he at present fills. A New Orsra House ror tae Peovie.—We yesterday adverted to the neeessity of a new opera hougee, in this city, for the people--a house capable of accommodating four or five thousand persons We learn that Maretzek—the present impressario of the Astor Place Opera House—has secured the ground of the new opera house projected by Fry, in Stuyvesant place, and all that is wanted is capi- tal to complete the undertaking. The situation is as central as possible, and amidst the moat pros- perous portion of the inhabitants. tide of the population is evidently in that direction. This project would, therefore, afford a fine oppor- tunity for the investment of a capital of about $250,000. It is contemplated to erect a building, the lower part of which would be let in stores, and the upper part devoted to the opera, and capable of containing five thousand persons. The manager would thus be enabled to put the price—as it is in Parie—witbin the means of the great body of the people, bg Whom a wonderful taste for music bas been excited within the last two years. It is to be hoped that the new park, so long talked of, will be established in its vicinity, and that the Fifth Avenue will be graded te the entrance, and planted with trees, like the entrances to some of the opera houres and theatres in European capitals. This would be an ornament to the city. It would be something more—it would be a luxury to the people, affording them the most refined of all pleasures, and producing the most happy influences upon the mind. And, lastly, if we look at it in the light of dollars and cents, it would prove a source of gain to the city, as we shewed in our observa. tions in yesterday’s Herato. New York is the capital of the United States, as Madrid is of Spain, Paris of France, or London of England; and there is no reason why the citizens of New York should not have an opera house on # grand soale, as well as the great capitals of Europe. On the contrary, there are stronger reasons why New York ought to have euch a popular place of amusement. Wealth is more diffused among the mass of the people, (rot the white kid glove aristocracy,) and they are more able and willing to support all kinds of amusements, than the population of any other city in the world. If this scheme were only carried out, the increase in the arrivals of men of wealth and leisure from | North and South America, would be very great. Not only would they visit the city, but many of them would fix their permanent residence hero, in enjoy those 8 which could say other apie the Uaited Banus Men also whe have made ann by Australia, and induoed to come to fruite maccess Boements of ile loeressed would be the inevitable rowult. Increased prosperity Now buildings are sprioging up in all directions around it, and the | the United States, within the District | fon would suthorize in the ported as dreadfully behindhand, and al! the evi? consequences resulting from mal-administration . and stupidity will be attributedto cheap postage and mail steamers. The people must prepare for - an explosion, absut January, in the General Post Office. Congress should let the Presidential ele>- tion alone, and devote a fortnight or three weeks of hard thinking and little speaking, to the Post Office system, and especially to those who now’ have the control of it. The way should bo paved for the new administration, and the new Postmas- ter General who is to come when Hall & Company get theircongé. It is quite curious to note the re- sorts of Hall to keep his hold of the treasury tit Mr. Fillmore gave him. Just now, he and his tellites and minions (heaven save the mark!) are doing their very best to keep down Webite: and Crittenden, ard Scott, and ing, win, and all the other whig candidates in. 60 as to secare the retention in power o: Mr. Nathan K. Hall is just now an “Un! par cxcellence. He isa Northern man wit ern principles—goes for the compromises constitution, and talks quite lovingly to So’ whigs about his having no prejudices slavery, &c. We could not account for Th Weed’s devotion to Hall, and the harmony love existing between them, until, a day or since, a friend enlightened us. He first referred to @ resolution offered by Hall in the House Representatives ofthe United States, on the 28th o! February, 1848, to be found in the Congressiona Globe, page 390, which we annox; and he reminded. us how intensely Weed hates Webster, and that Hallis really promoting his ends, as Mr. Fillmore hasnochance. Weed is an excellent judge of humar. nature. He knows Hall from crown to toe, and that all his efforts to injure Webster in New York, and tc exalt and strengthen Fillmore, and secure his coun- tenance in the receipt ofsix thousand dollars a year, and pickings for poor relations, will turn out to be a small potato busicess. The resolution below ex_ plains itself. How can Hall, after this, whine about his devotion to the constitution, and hia support o/ the Fugitive law? We have some reason to sus- pect that Seward or Weed wrote this resolution:— HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, U. 8., FEB. 28, L848. Mr. Haut, of New York, moved the following preamble and resolution :— Whereas, there has been presented to this House, anc. referred to the Commitiee on the Judiciary. a petitior of Avexauder Hufpter, Eq, marshal of the District of Columbia, praying for the settlement and payment of an account againtt the United States for the commit- mt of persons claimed as H ce, and committed as tuck y marshal, in the jail of the United States, in the District of Columbia; which ac- count extends through several years, and consists of about two hundred items, amounting in the aggregate tc $5,061 60; end whereas it appears by the ssid sccount. thet one Mores Thornton was kept in said jail for the space of tweive hundred and pete ave, for which suck marsbai lms charged the U; $421 6 That four persons, detignated as “Meade’s ne- groes,’ were kept in sata jail five huadred and eighty-five days each. for which said marshal That eight persons, designated as “Buckner's ne- groes,” were kept io aid jail four hundred and sixty-two days, for which mid marsbal bas charged the United States. © ++ 01906 6% That Williem Burrows and Joseph Arma! were kept in raid jail four handred and forty- three days each. for which said marshal bas charged the United States... +as00 O08 So ‘That Sarah A. Robinson was four Lundred and twenty-one days, for which sald merrhal bas charged the United Btates....... That Peyten Harris was kept in said jail three bumdred and twenty-one days, for which said marrhal bas cherged the United States. Xl And that Gve several persons, the cause of whose commitment is stated im said sccount to be a petition for freedom, were kept in said jail for one bundred and ¢! one hundred and feVenty two, two bund: nd thirty two, three bundred and seventy-one, and three hundred and seventy one days, respectively, for which suid marshal has charged the United States... 487 3% And whereas it i*ciaimed and ed by, or on behalt of the sald marrhal. that the commitment and detentior of said persons, claimed to be slaves, was authorized ang required by the laws of the United States. and was un- der and by virtue of warrants, orders, or process oftcourt: or istrates of the United States within the District of Columbie,and that the United States are therefor. bound to pay the ssid sccount; and whereas, it is rup pored that the said commitmerts and deteations were authorized by the act of Congress, entitled “An act for establishing the temporary aud permanent seat of the government of the Cnited States” passed July 16, 171 by which it was provided that the laws of States within the Distriet accepted for the permanent seat of the goveroment of the United States should not be af- feted by such accept until the time fixed for the removal of the government thereto, “and until shail otherwise by law provide,” and the act cease ertitied “An act concerning the District of Columbia,”’ pasted February 27, 18Cl. by which it is enacted “that the laws of the State of Virginia, as they now exist, shal! be and continue {n force in that Of the District of 143 Y which was ceded by said State to the United 8 d by them necepted as the nent seat 0 fs ment; and thatthe laws of State of Mary- Hd, ae they now exist. shall be and continue im force in that part of the seid District which was ceded by that Btate t» the United Btatas. and by them accepted a aforesaid,” and that the justices of the peace Appointe+ in such District by the President of the United States. “shall. im ell matters. civil and criminal, and in what ever relates to the conservation of the the powers vested in, and sball perform Quired of justices of the peace. as individual magistrates by the laws before continued in force in those parts o raid Dir for which they shall have been respective. Jy appointed;”’ and whereas, such commitments and des tentions can only be authorized under the said acts of Congreie, or scme other act or acts of C authori- sing the rame; and whereas, the use of the public jail of of Columbia | (while owned and controlled by the United States. maintained at their expense.) for the detention anc rafe keeping of persors ciaimed as slaves, of fugitives from rervice, is not required for the full and pertect mai nten of the ccanpromises of the constitution the further use, for the purposes aforesaid il of the territory in ‘which Congress bas the express power of exclusive lv. fivlation, is no interference with the domestic institu. ens of the Bates, more expecially if the right of recap | ture. by the master or bis agent, isileft to act with ful | force upon the runaway siave, or fuch use is repugnant to th ~“y fat — me is repugna: feelings of a - Jority of the people of the United States Therctore, = Revelved, That the Ccmumittee on the Judiciary be, anc they are hereby, directed to report to this House, wit! ail convenient speed. a bill repealing all laws of ( ern and abrogating, so far as they are operative ry in the District of Columbia, all laws of the State of rine or require the courts, oMcers of tl Jaited States, or of the said Dis trict, within the District of Columbia, te issue proves for Artest, or commit to the jail of the said District, any run away or other sleve or fugitive from rervice, or cvlored Person claimed as such. except on due complaint ani of. corona vietion ', fome crime or misde mesnor, the commission cf which by amy free white per fame manner the arrest, commitment, and detention of such white person in lik: manner charged with or convicted therect. Mr. Nivto axp tut Sunpay Parss —We see that Mr. William Niblo has institated a suit against one of the Sunday papersfor libel. We don't know what tho libel is; but it is no doubt bad enough. The reputation of Mr. Niblo, however, does not depend upon the criticisms ot the Sunday newspa- pers, one way or the othem His residence among our citizens for twenty-five yoars, has established his character as an honorable, high-minded, and public spirited man. The Sunday weeklies arc particularly free in their diequisitions upon men and things, and rather apt to trespass beyond the limitations of the new code. Perhaps no establisa. ment has been more perseveringly abused by then than that of the Heratn; but we bave suffered military tactician ae any general of the F . hook, and all the other little and great politicians, | Tne Wuro Ratirication Mextixo, of the ofty This is « matter, therefore, which ought to be | ‘hem to pass among the things scarcely entitled tc s long time, it is stated, members of his vont ete capseunes ar nagar gues ons Haptoonne remaia quiet in their retirement, and not distarb | and county of New York, comes off at the Broad- en up by the Corporation, "tor it would — otioe. committed various depredations in the territories of | duties than her own. She wassilly enoaghto think, | th@ political waters any more by their remonstrances | way House, this aamatn tannin a oes | third, and give & saw kapoues grey rake et | Vane inrssunee real Mave Same © both Mexico and Texas, ands time voat » com | a0, for long time, we wore silly enough to follow | S8sioe the Denelisen correspondence, We a Teaig Conaiaes will be on band wih that ope. | (aae.and dustry a, the city, which woald thus | Taovss.—An arrival yesterday, from Gonaives, Hayt ‘ order ascertain be ie Plote check was put upon his reckless and devtruy | ‘Me idea, that navigation and naval power are the | },, edge Thurlow Weed has bad of this amaring | cite resolution on the Fugitive Siave law, which | the New World, but even to the Old SY bette pretation po Parents of commerce, instead of ite children; causes inttond of effeete hall find out all about it in due course In the meantime, we eall Truman Smith, Hold uy your hand, Donaldson tive proceedings. The United States government should look after him at onoe—otherwise he is was rejected by both conventions at Syracuse. between the American, French and English authorities How lee are the friends of Mr. Webster and of plot « f time. Our act, therefore, “for laying of Conn etiont, te the stand to force the Emperor, Faustin [,, to reapect the trace | “duty on imports,” provided for a dedustion of ten ‘ i ‘i « Senator—tell all you know about th Mr. Fillmore to maintain their footing, even in City Politics. towards the Dominicans They had drawn wp proposal: Simoet certain to give the inbabitants on the south Tipe Aan Amvorte browght to the United States in correnpondence. r this poem ofthe State1 Let them look tot Tt city Regma The whi Candidate for this often, | for him to sign; and, in the event of his refusing. the er! ——___. ‘er nderson, Eqs. Present imcumbent, s 4 “ ern frontier & great deal of trouble eeeond ath of oun owe. Tale was the U.S, Distrtet Attorney's Omer. ie the last change; for if they cannot save the city | has, in reply to « letter eddrested to him by the Beerota: | three powers would Dlockade hie ports. ‘The Rmperer A great variety of the istest news by telegrayt, | ionosee was in iit pop oa ‘tod, | of be Ameatecatthi® Weerctn Werls! was wcrc te: | {om Seward and his adherente of “the higher law,” Sha objests Uthat body mee his views and have his | wee tray predypeedycotaliywy Ae mm pry tet from various parts of the country, will be fad | frst, that on ehipe Aimerioan bey nag | conveying am excess of fortysbwo pareve ere from Liver: | all the talk in the Journals of Wall street, for Wreks | Rearty concurrence, He says thet sll his eforte will be pcadig toy A ae, Be, tall jomtoes 00 08 a c tH i in 62,164 warrant if also jeu ‘er, Fillmore, and the Compromise measures, is ‘voted to the accomplishment of any object teading to + ” . Op the firet pope ound, of jhe dey ot Hn ot May, 179, Retnemira ieee } moenebico apd humbug. the bqneGp cf the mt cbanic and jaboring man, Port au Prinee, where he wee going.