The New York Herald Newspaper, October 11, 1851, Page 2

ARRIVAL OF THE THREE DAYS LATER FROM EUROPE. Special Despatches from Spain to the United States. Arrival of Madame Celeste, the American Favorite. THE COTTON MARKET, Bic, Ge, Bue B pose—of raising ‘The British mail steamship Asia, Capt. Judkins, | profiteof the owners and occupiers of land, [ venture arrived yesterday mornixg from Liverpool, wheace | With all humility to cay, that whens ver you see the river she sailed on Saturday noon, the 27th ult. She brings three days later news from all parts of Eu- rope. The following are the NAMES OF THE AS1A’S PASSENGERS. Mr Noel and la‘y, Mrs *hompson, Mudai Cauler and attendant, Mr Martin, Ia: Tochton indy. ; wc! Fy W C Pic} insom and lady, 4° BL Bechler, Rolie, © M Reo Wallack, C J Watlack. solo EL Jeamenand, Grana: Calves ‘Colem a Brel, Kt w, Lor: 0G: ath, J J Usrper, David Harper, Dr Sutherliad, De M Chymer, i! and vervant, Mr Carter, Dow—124 in all. Among the passengers in the Asia, is Madame Celeste, the favorite actress. According to our advices from Madeira to the 20th ult., the Marquis of Miraflor addressed a note to the Spanish mi ac eourts of friecdly powers on the subject of Cuba. | Madrid of the 19h and 20th The note states that, although Spain does not desire , she will not hesitate to | war with the Unitel St make war if such a measwre should be forced upon her. Special despatches from the Spanish government have probably been brought by Mr. San Martin, the editor of La Cronwwa, of this city, who iea passenger by the Asia. We learn from Smyrna that Kossuth arrived at | that place on the 12th ult., by the Mississippi. Sir Stratford Canning and M. Lavalette, the English and French ministers, went to the Darda- nelles inthe Growler to see Kossuth, who left en the 7th ult. The submarine telegraph was laid, «n the 26th ult., to within three miles and a half of the French east, where the Blazer anchored. Com:munication ; with the English coast is perfect. | Accounts from Madrid state that the Govern his constituents in the de ment are ceriously contemplating a modification of | OB this oceasion he mi » Wall, BR ey ow, Lealie, C' Mure LB dyn, Beany, & i Grev, Robt M, fith, Paul, H Brownell, J Jersvov, jr, KH 3B Lucas, V Aic |, Thorbura, Berger, F Hoopeil, Rolls, Horm: ‘ Rot from fedesiey at Sin ores ae in ba in such perfeot tnd tninterrapted-ordarand posse vo-sealety. The Crystal Palace was the next point to touch upon. Alluding to the American visiters, the noble Viscount remarked :— I have had ample opportunities of knowing that there is not an American who bas come to this countey who bas not gore away with a feeling of regard and ai- fection to his cousins ia this couatry—disappointed in the sense in which they use the ex, —that is disappointed with the kindness and the cour. they have experienced. The church question came in for its due notice, and then protection. “ When,” said Palmerston, “the river Exe runs from the sea to Tiverton, in- stead of from Tiverton to the sea, then we willha7e poeien, back, not before.” We quote his words :— Now, with regard to the re-imposition of the duties on foreign corn for the purpuse—the openly avowed pur- the price of food in r to increase the Exe runing 2p, to Tiverton from the sea, instead of run- ming tothe sea ‘Tiverton, then you may look on pro- event i mand of Adi Parker, having poagoably s2t- tol the ditiecitles on behalf of the Porto, with | some of its rebellious tributaries in Afri has arrived tection as nearat hand. (Great laughter and cheeriag.) Gentlemen, in raying that, 1 feel that T am foresee’ and expressing #n opinion in favor of the continuance that system which is for the benefit of all classes of the community. This speech bas been largely commented upon, boc our Foreign Secretary has some off with flying colors. Bulwer Lytton, the novelist, has started as a protectionist candidate for the county of Hertford, where his estate of Koebsworth is situated. He will, in all probability, be returned. The correspondent of the Times, at Naples, has furnished that journal with a coneocted fence of the Neapohtan governmeat, im reply vo the charge ee against it by Mr. Gladstone. The aiteupt to refute the charges made by the conscientious British statesman is a mere quibble of words—a per- fect failure. Gladstone's pamphlet has done more to damage the popularity of King Bomba than could have beea expected, and cannot fail to make him more particular in future in impcisoniog inao- cent men. The news of the termination of the Cuban inva sion was hailed bere with sousiderabie satisfastioa. The death of Lopez, will, it is hoped, prevent a ro- currence of seuen an invasion, which the govern ment of the United States energetically blamed and prevented. Spain had fully determiaed to re sist to the jast, and by the lew ad journals from -, We learn that | armaments on a arge scale were making; that one vessel with 1,000 mev and 40 heavy mortars, had | sailed from Cadiz, and that a flees of six var steam- | ers was to follow. The most important feature in the intelligence is that the Spanish government had | made the offi declaration that the governments of England and France had promised the co-opera- tion of their respective fects in puttiog dowa the | invasion. Owing to the continued rumors of intended coups @etat at Paris, the French government had found it necessary to give an official contradistion. Those rumors have eifected the funds, both ai Paris aad he A certain degree of anxiety is still felt, bat no alarm need be felt just yet. The day has not yet como, though it is approaching. The candi- dateship of the Prince de Joinville remains in statuquo. No farther steps have been taken by the Ex Admiral. There is a rumor tha: Prince Louis oleon is preparing @ message to the Assembly duce that body to give him his ts wee Leona ‘aucher, Minister of the Iaterior, haz been visitiog ‘tment of the Marae speeches which have ‘iven umbrange to the republicans. He hinted the customs tariff; it is ramored that the protest- | hat if the Assembly did not voluntarily reaiove the ing system will be maintained for all the branches , are progressing, and competition will be en- @ouraged with respect to those that are stationary. | Archbishop of Ferrara has gone to Verona, by order ofthe Pope, to compliment the Emperor of Austria, in his name. The President 0? the French republic is about to remove to St. Cloud for some time. pal council of Mclun bas been dissolved, by order of the President, and M. Pogez, the Mayor, obstacles to a revision of the constitution aud the consequent re-election of the Presideat, he would destroy those obstacles. Louis Napoleon has ere- ated him commander of the Legion of Honor, with- out his having gone through the regular grades. This has given rise to much comment. The Avénement du Peuple, which succeeded the Evenement, as @ republican paper, has also been | seized, and the editors fined and imprisoned, for pub- lishing Victor Hugo’s letter. This is very serious. Paris however, tranquil. Kossuth has arrived at Smyrna. Preparations hasbeen | are being made at Southampton to givo him a suspended from the exercise of his oflice for three | grand reception. months. The Emperor of Austria has been visiting bis In the Papal States, quarrels have occurred be- | Italian possessions. His reception has been cold tween the Romans and the French soldiers. satisfaction was tardily given The rumors that the Italian sovereigns are about toform a confederation similar to the Germanic League, is confirmed by the ministerial Austrian Correspondent. It represents the confederation to have « two-fold object—namely, to maintain and @trengthen internal order by an equal and simal- taneous advance of the sovereign power in all Italian States, and to render all foreign interven- tion, from whatever quarter, unnecessary. Such a confederation would free the Pope from the French republicans, who protect him in rather an alarming way, end repulse the “loyal” English, who so eagerly grasp at every opportunity for keeping the unfortunate Peninsula in a state of excitement, ‘There | He bas visited Venice, Verona, Mantu: is a quarrel between the Viceroy or Pasha of Egypt | Hatred lurks beneath the Italian reserv and his feudal superior, the Sultan of Turkey, on ‘the claims of the latter to immediate sovereignty. A serious dispute has broken out between the governments of Russia and Persia, come Turco- macs having burnt a Russian ship in the Caspian fea, and massacred the crew, for which outrage and cheerless on the part of the Italian populatioa. enthusiastic feeling of the troops towards their javenile monarck may, in some measure, dispel the loomy aspect of affairs, but cannot totally efface the arnoyance he must feel a’ this reception. Old | Radetzki accompanies the Emperor everywhere. The Hon. Abbott Lawrence continues his tour in Ireland, and is everywhere well recei' At Limerick, the Mayor presented an address to him The following passage rofers to emigration and a packet statioi We are not so presumptuous as to attempt bringing be- fore @ mind like yours the manifold and important conse- quences which must attend from securing the safest and most epeedy mode of interceurss between the two na- tions. speaking the sume language, goverued by the same fundementa! jaw, whose intellects are formed by thesame literature and with institutions «o far # milar or analo- gous as torest on the great principte of liberty of action and liberty of opinion. But, in additioa to the obv.oas Gevelcpement of our commercial resources which such interecurse cannot fail to produce, we feel it right to eclicit your rpecial attention to the social consequeacos which must ensue. Day by day the number of our fellow countrymen who seek to obtain a settlement in North America increases. We thank your Excellency for the very flattering testimony you have borae to their geoeral conduct. Two milifons sterlirg have been remitted North America by our countrymen in the last two ears to assist in the mighty flood of emigration. There Within our province which has not which, though it brings profit to the pockets of | sent cutits hunts sud seinsteras ee ee ih has mot “proud Albion,” leads Italy to ruin. The Em- peror of Austria, therefore, finds it ex; ceed with this measure in fall other Italian rulers. Mr. Lawrence, the American Minister, clined the invitation of the citizens of Cork to» | to ite public dinner, but has accepted that to an excur sion down the river Lee, and a dejewner on Haul- bowline Island. Accounts from Syria state that the country is in ® very disordered tate; the roads are infested by robbers, and there is no safety in sending goods from the coast into the interior. Our London Correspondence: Lowpox, Friday Evening, Sept. 26, 1851. Approaching Elections--Lord Palmerston at Tiver ton— Free Trade and Protection—Our Ameri in Cousins— Bulwer a Protectemist Caniviate—— Cre King of Naples and Mr. Glatstone—Sprin and the Unived States--Important Declarati English and French Governments—Frewch Pole tics— Kossuth at Smyrna—The Emperor of Aus- in Italy—The Hon. Abbst Lawrence at Stocks, &e The event of the week bas been the speech de livered by Lord Palmerston to his con We are fast approaching s gene election, and honorable members and noodle [ entions to their tna Limerick— mer ice ‘Tiverton. find it advieabie to pry certaia constituents, by eras piace at the principal inn at Ti the noble member for that 1b Palmerston A speech from a Cabinet Minister, at the present dull season, is a Codeetd for sewepepers noble Lord, after alluding to the pr change of ministry, and a hope that the next Foreign Secretary would be as able a man as him- self—or, as he expressed it, that the vestel of the State would have as able a pilot at the bela— entered into an ¢laborate statement of his policy Alluding to the enuing year, Lord Palmerstoh observed :— ‘Thier country, in years not long gone by, has hed to great diMguitien st home, and has wit- toenvu sions abroad. Those domestic difi- blessing of Providenee, to a ie portion of the De ta Empire. bas coaced to oxiet— meen the a mine which so recently desoiated « gremt part end which. if it has not wholly ceased, has yet been eub- largely diminished, and om the other tions which a year or two Burope, have been succeed: * ward! nea penne, thou = & ¢, it oni the gerne of futare gensions New it is not ® good trade to undertake the teak of & polities! propbet—but though many year 1862 with apprehension and alarm, the task of @ prophet, [think I may ray contend with great diff Bese d stantially an bapa, those cou turbed the face o calm v rely opinict a 7 covers one of & Sore with thet foresneing mind and iy Suge Bm’ Aden of which ts ‘were not wanting many who uit Jooked upon elarm an Fao’ that the government were any alarm had been felt wit! I think I may say that there never was an such mutitudes were collected together om ong them wit as work. On Wednesday a grand di & State in yours where they have not been received pediont to pro- | 1befar greater portion of the correspondence between with’ the ng barren ot ayy hem ma Cope Pa Jour sttention to the soclal benedite li has de- increase , aad we call to accrue course made more and ) a8 well as 4 on the commerelal activity of your country. of ours, reply Mr. Lawrence expressed s hope that there should be an Lrish port selected for an American packet station, and emphaticaily repeated the sentiment. At the same time, be stated that bis duty was to transmit to his government whatever facts and documents were brought under his notice, to state the results of his own observation’, and it would then be for the United States admin'stration to decide, He requested the address might be {crwarded to him in London, and he wouid re- tur mal reply at Exhibition closes dofinitively on the met 10th. Messrs . Bell, and Son report no change in for the Ameriean State stocks,and quote Mows for transmission to America by the Liverpool to morro w:— United States Aix per Cont Bonds, 1862.....1005¢ 107 United States Six per Cent Bonds. 1803.....112 @ 113 UnMed Btates Bix per Cent Stock, 1867 06 . al a aivtlga O2 New York City Five per Vent Stock,1855-70. 99 = 91 The stock market at Paris, which last week was at a considerable depression in ek experienced a reaction to the extent of two pi im the value of the ren‘es, @ material increase of bond fide dealing. The per Ceats. are now marked a: 92f. 2c. Lonvon, September 23, 1851 Apprdundel Rupiwe latwan England ani Naples— The Kings Discomtented with England-- A Cause of Wars and Revolutions at Work—Astounting Intelligence -- Another Partition—~ Switzerland Comes Next—The Guilt of Socialism. By the time this letter reaches Now York, the iliustrious Kossuth will be very near to, if not already landed on, your hospitable shores. He left Kutaya, the ssene of his long detention, on the Ist of September, in a Turkish steamer, in which he was conveyed to the Dardanelles, where the Ameri- can steamer Mississippi was awaiting his arrival, to receive him on board. Tbe American steamer arrived at the Golden Horn, whore she was to re- ceive him on board, onthe 30th August. On the 7th of September the Mississippi steamed with Kossuth on board; but her direct for New York, or to pay a passing call at Southampton, doth not yet appear. As there are no further tidings of her since, it is presumed that she is on her way to New York, and will have arrived before this reaches "The British Minister resident at the Court of Ni the Hon. Mr. Temple, has been re-calied, has euddenly left the city, on his return to Lon- don. In former days, this would have been eyuiva- Court of Naples character ma: 4 ‘hen his Royal Highoene Prince ‘at perience. bas taken 0 Eng! year will | — Sian not only of the wide | f Englen: J, all over Europe, and condemaiag the conduct of the Ni | ment, but more on | govern ment pamphlet ite own, by ) | sending it officially, (as was done by Lord Palmer- ca | fton,) to all the corks Of F Waterers . there | ha enn the Sondaat ofthe Kl of ape, was deter: with Naples, the having to fear from such an impotent and con! » Another sigaifican’ 3; s Es E : , : H ica. off Siaily, (the Ireland of Naplos,) | where it has been since cruising in the neigubor- | aot oon oe oe wa notl 3 bul Tooke like cious Court of jcilian ports. This events, it yg, and so the timid and suspi- rend tI ‘Southero Italy that the British fleet spi nromels ‘has broug! ies of arms and munitions of war for the ita of Sicily. Nothing is too ridicu- lous for 1 aghadrpen 5 julous poople to in- vent and nse. Absurd as suchan idea is, yet when it is believed by the Neapolitaas, it is, in its bad effects, all the same asif it wastrue. The sudden departure of the British Minister from fons hes an undoub:ed conaection with all these 8. The first open and manifest expressions of dis- content made by the Emropean Alliance of Rings against Englund, because that couatry is too libe ma and free—because in it there are no shackles im posed upon the press—because the conduct sad icy of monarchs is freely canvassed, exposed, and ate fl ar el refagee democrats find an asy- lum there, and the kings cannot arrest them, as they have done in France—was made by the proud ana haughty declaration of Austria, that the Eag- lish should not have a share in the great loan ‘The dissatisfaction of the monarchs with England, (nom, in virtue, the Cy arom | government in Mls) was great before this, and was to'era bly well known; but this was the first overt demon- stration of imperial dissatisfaction, What Eng- Jand will do, it is hard to tell. She cannot alter her constitutional form of government at their bid- ding, if she would, for it woald endanger bor exis- tence as a goverament; and besides, royalty and aristocracy have no occasion to be dissatisfied with it, for they have all they wan‘ under it, and per- haps more than they would have witheut it. To remain inert and quiet long, under the ban and hatred of the Confederation of Kings on the conti- nent, will hardly be possible for England. Out of this jealous state of things. wars, tumalts, and re- volutions, will undoubtedly arise, and that soon, for the leaven is at work. . A Swies paverof Neufchatel, givesan account of a great meeting held at Chaux de Fonds, at which the question was tiscussed whether the people should not unice, and form a great league against sove reigns. ‘There is overy reason for believing that this meeting was got up by the agents of the sove- reigns, a8 a prelude to tue fall of Switzerland, and its extirpation from the map of Europe as a repub- lic. Iftbey did not immediately get it up, they would, at all events, feel heartily obliged to those who did. Everybody knows that Switzerland only exists, and only retains a name and the shadow of freedom, by sufferance; and that all that is wanting to the sovereigns ie a good and plausible pretext to put an end to that suflerano The Swiss need not be in a hurry to hasten the fate which inevitably awaits them. Poland was once a republic, then an elective monarshy, and then it underwent partition, at a time, too, when kings were not united, ag they n moun cause against the people. is coming—let them have patience; all cannet be done at once; the kings are busynow with other free States. Anew partition like that of Poland at present engages them. The ancient and free Hat seatic States—the three great and free cities of Bre- meo, Hamburg aod Lubeck—exist no more. The decree from the Confederation of Kings, from their headquarters at Frankfort, has gone forth—theso free cities are free cities no more. It is another pertition made ia the eyes of astonished Europe. Hamburg, it is said, falls to the share of Prussia, the others to the other powers. Thus the Diet is boldly remodelling Europe; and who shail dare to interfere, or cali them to account, or what press in Europe will dare to characterize before the world, their conduct as it deserves? Not one, ua- Jess it be the English press. Bat what do they care for rival commercial cities, and why should they weep when they sec them dostroyed? It is only in America that this deed will be character- ized as it deserves. Before the kings, however, did this deed of atrocity, they took care, as I told you in a former letter, to muzzle the moutas of all men, that no one should dare to cry “‘shame,” or even dare to mention what they had done. fi suppressed the freedom of tl dom on the continent, and interdicted absolutely al and every discussion upon political matters, so that Pe will not have — — ee a Jerman papers, ardly, perhaps, from English. Switeerland’s turn wlll come next—she need not be in @ hurry; at present they are too much engaged with thi: W partition crime, pre- i E i “4 F i i i é paring the way for others. hen the incor tion of these ancient free citios with the bor- ing kingdoms is completed, they will fiad other work of the same kind to do. Another great plot has been hatched up in Hano- ver—cut throat papers and horrible writings ha been found, (it got say who wrote and prepar- edthem ) The armies of spies and denunciators employed and paid by the kings, must prove their zeal and earn their wages. Now, let us ask the question, who are those who most tes Grape oa to for; FF aad = a rs for the people urope, ven Sona despotism to crush ead exterminate all juman freedom? I answer, the socialists. For now the word and — is, that all liberty is so- cialism, and all who would be free are sovialists. Such is the evil socialiem has done—that postiferous person and delusion. It is guilty of all this. the last accounts from the East, it appears the Shah of Persia has now actually seized against Disracli, because he vy doy for his party ever to op Protection and go I pointed this out some jonists would do gat to get into power, ‘ ‘al princi . ; but the pr done it. ‘The Cuban Question and the British West indies. [Frem the London Gazette, September 24) It is juet possible that the piratical attempt on the island of Cuba by the Americans, under Lopez —now so tragically terminated—may eventually ove eerviceable to the in +: of our own West indian colonies. A report still prevails that a land and France have resolved to act coajointly for the future protection of the Spanish colony, bat they intend te make the abolition of slavery in the colony the condition of their interference. The Madrii Gazette, of the 1th inttant, which has reached us this morning, cays “ that the English and French governments have given orders to their squadrons in the West Indies to oppose by force any forther attempts at the invasion of Cuba, putting themselves for this purpose in accord with the Spanish authorities ” f course every- thing which throws a difficulty in the way of the slave produciog couatries must reduce the un- equal termsupon which our own colonies are re- quired to compete with them, and it would be agree- ale to find the cause of humanity and the cause of our suffering colonists to be at the same time work- ing together as the result of the jave lawless pro- ceedings of the citizens of the United States. Ad- mitting, however, that such terms have seen pro- posed to the Spanish government, it by no means follows that they will now be sccepted. The Spaniards are not a people who like any {nterferense with whot they may consider their domestic ar- mer and of this Lord Palmerston has al- teady bad some experience. he Spasish govern Ment may think it hae seffic Meane at its own dispornl to defeat any piracieal attempts of the 2; and, as Lopez and his foree have been destroyed, the authorities may consider the island eufficiently secue from any future enterprise of the same character We believe there is @ respectable and almost © numerous garrivon in Cuba, while the attempt of Lopez bas conclusively shown that the — are weil affected towards the govern ment. The extent of the propositien made to Spain is not set forth. The governmeat of that country is already bound by treaty not to permit tl fie in tlaves, nor to import them into i it is well known that extens' taken place since slave grow: —. ree in this fore to inferred that any new terms sed as the ying British and Freaeh Protection for | Gul must be the liberation of the slaves already in that island and in Porto Rico. We vory much doubt, however, that Spain is in a condition to make such terms, even we i $i? ef fi ; il the Arctic Ross, and Captain Beechey, week, has been the ex conviction that Sir Jo! Lae and that he must route. But it isthe pet ford yf i diately di of imme ie.cerry on the abandor regard it; for the ramor has | re, Sir Edward Parry, Sir James of the aitaissits, last jion of their uaaaimous Franklin has taken the jage to the northwest out of Wellington Chan- sought by taking the samo ‘ion of these authorities— izing, and even iasisting upon, tt patching @ ste " ae search ne poi eR can be started with any hope of eapte an advanced ion in Davis Straits, aud gettin into a safe harbor, before the winter. ‘° is jon we must of course defor; and wo look forward to the early sp asthe moment for sending back the vessels which have so pre- maturely returned, with the addition of the power- ful steamer obviously so essential to tho search ; and it remains to be seen whether the Board of Ad- miralty will have the courage to act up to its con- victions spontaneously, or will noed such pressure from without, as, we to say it, has alone pro- duced tho measures of which we now see the partial results. Of ono thing we feel assured——namoely, that the Admiralty must regard the return of ase tion which they sent out for, if necessary, ree years’ at the end of half that period, with isappoiatment ; more particularly as it is mainly to be referred to the restrictive charac- ter of theirown instructions, and to the want of those supplies to fall back upon, by which overy expedition must be supported, if we would give our commanders the confidence so indispensable to per- severance in tueir labors. ‘The Gola Fields of Austraila and California, {From the Loudon Times, Sept. 19.) The discovery of gold fields in New South Wales will produce very different effec's on different minds; some will lament over it as calculated to introduce new element of corruption into an atmosphere ovly just recovering from the moral taint with which we have so sedulously inoculated it; while others, with perhaps more justice, will regard any discovery which tends rapidly and permanently to augment the amount of wealth possessed by the hu- men race as @ subject which, due allowance being made for all drawbacks, canuot be contemplate without feelings ofsel@gratulation. As itis not in our power to prevent the existence of that cause whieh is sure to give rise to these speculations, we think that we should bo employing ourselves more profitably in considering the question in its more immedia‘e relations to the welf ire of the colony, than in abstract speculations on the advantages or disad- vantages of that which is clearly inevitable. In California, the discovery of gold was made in a country where society was as yet rude and ua- formed, and no branch of industry had been culti- vated with any degree cf prominence or success. The new State is the creation of the gold mines, and its popula ion consists, not of inhabitants of the country wo had relinquished their regular occupa- tions for this more attractive pursuit, but of per- sons drawo from every quarter of the earth, and whose absence’ rom their respective communities was in many caves felt to be a relief rather chan a burden. The case of the Australian colonies (for this purpose they may all be conridered as ee is as different as can possibly be imagined; besides the usual occupations of agriculture, they have, as every body knows, become a field for pastoral enter- prise on a scale of unequalled magnivude. Tho sheep, which constitate their principal wealth, are divided into flocks varying from four hundred to a thousand in number, each of which is iatrusted to the care of asingleshopherd. Two of these flocks are generally driven together to the same statioa, where a third person resides, whose daty it is to change the hurdles and watch the see by night. The country being infested by wild dogs, it is absolutely ‘necessary that some one should al- ways be present with the sheep, in order to pro- tect thom from this cause of destruction, and the force required for this purpose is about three men to every twelve hundred sheep. Now, in the year 1848, the number of sheep in New South Wales and Port Philip exceeded eleven millions six hundred thousand, not to speak of the flocks in South Aus tralia or Van Dieman’s Land. It is not, probably, unreasonable to calculate that, in the three years which have clapsed since this return was made, the number of sheep increased to at least fourteen millions. This enormous amount of property exists from day to day by virtue of the unceasing care and attention bestowed upon it by the shepherds, under a rigid system of central superintendence; without that care it could not exist for a single week. Now, let our readers imagine the effect which must be roduced on the minds of the proprietors of these fourteen millions of sheep by the information that @ gold field has been discovered, which is certain to dikes away from their ag se engagements evs one and hut keeper in theiremployment. It will be vain to attempt to retain them by offers of inereased wege:. One employer of labor may com- te with another; but who can bid against the Enagioary riches of an Eldorado in which every ad- venturer expects to find a splendid fortune impa- tiently awaiting his acceptance? . Nor is thisall. Theshearing of the sheep, which takes place sbout the month of October, is an ope- ration not generally intrusied to the shepherds, but to persons who travel round the country for the pur- oe Shearing cannot be long deferred in Austra- without ruin to the fleece, from the presence of the seed of a particular grass, well known to the purchasers at our wool sales. If the fleece is not shorn before November, it is very greatly detorio- rated in value. Now, these professional sheep- shearers are exactly the persons who, from their itinerant way of life and reckless habits, will be the first to swell the ranks of the gold-finders. Add to this that the reckless and desperate characters who, having served their sentence of transportation, now swarm in all the Australian colonies, will flock to the gold field as a common centre, net so much with & view to labor as to profit by those opportunities of plunder which such a scene of confusion and ex- citement must necessarily afford, and we have enu- merated causes quite sufficient to overthrow « social and economical system far more firmly established than that of New South Wales. The difficulty of carrying supplies into the interior, oe roads which will soon become infested with banditti, and under the care of men who will be far more disposed to desert their o! and join the general huat for gold than shed their blood in the defence of their masters’ property, will be no iaconsiderable aggra- vation of the crise, There is but one remedy for all these things, and that is the prevention by armed force of unautho- rized intrusion on the lands of the crown, and the preservation from plunder of the valuable public erty recently discovered. The gold regien has igs pened tate private handee and even if it | had, the royal mines of gold ‘and silver would still remain the property of the crown. There | is, therefore, a clear right to reserve this public } property for public use; and when it is dered ! ow materially the revenue derived from it might | lighten the burden of taxation to the colonists, the duty to preserve it is as obvious as the right. All | the proceeds of the gold field, beyond the wages of the miners and the profits of the capital employed | in working it, are clearly the property of the colony, to whose use they are to be spplied, according to the statute 5 ard 6 Victoria, 36, under the direc- | tion of three Lorde of the Treasury. The right and | Cuty to preserve this property being thus clear, we | sincerely wish that our powor to do so were equal manifest. With a commendable economy, whic this unforeseen event by no means impugne, Lord Grey has reduced the troops in the Australian colo- nies, beyond those required for the coercion of the convéects, to a number #0 small—some few hun- dreds, we beliove—as to be #holiy unable to cope with the general rush towards the land of promise. And yet upon their ability to do so depomdis, as we have shown, not merely the preservation of the gold fields from the hands of unauthorized intruders, but the actual existence, for another year, of the flocks and herds which form the wealth of the colonics. Had we that regular and rapid steam communica- tion with Australia which ought, long ago, to have been provided, we might hope to apply some remedy to the evil before it becomes intolerablo. As it is, cur most strenuous efforts may possibly como too jate. Tho duty of government is, nevertheless, perfectly plain—to send out such @ force as may enable the colonial government to maintain any regulations which it sball think fit to make for the preservation of ite property. Unless something of the kind be speedily done, it is hardly too much to antici, that the desperate roffians whom we have been, for yoars, thrusting into the social system of our reluctant colonies, being drawn to a single point, by one common pur , may learn to preciate their own strength, and, bursting from t! control of a governmeat too weak to coerce thei, establish, for a time, lawless ty: over the peaceful tants of the country, which the mind shudders to contemplate jardly 2 ne ir arrives from California with: out some int of the 8 committed by Australian Kha ow who their way to that country. hat aro wo pectin a second California, not separate 1 by ths vast Pacific ocean, but placed by nature in the very centre of those co- lonies which we have selected for the haunts of crime? There is also an English ae well as a colonial side ni ¢ . The only means of “4 ae to pee propert: ew eahy ‘nabling @ government le ediately to ‘dominion over the public lands. Those #0 obvious that we cannot doubt What we prin- of the ut- ble nature i a i Es a station for 1) North America, and vestigation to the Admiralty. The subject was presented to the commissioners in a somewhat blun- first, which of the adapted for the purpose in question, and, secondly, whether any Irish ject in view. In no way disconcerted, they proceeded, with the most laudable onergy and porseveransy, to collect every scrap o! we entirel and effective so central of the ucmost importance to this country. Bat the question with re ween Theny pelt be found, on f ion. It may e found, on sideration, th adh Ky 9 mail steamers from a rt, mig ut be ad wusly es Ls ie ohes worth, and that withous the full it appears to us, might be r postibl . tively insignificant cost to tte imperial revenue graph, now attracting so muc! tion, snd which arrived at Stra’ day, the 25th ult., by Her Majesty's ship Blazer, was commenced that morning at tix o’cloc! it which hour Capt Bullock, R. N , was ready with ul hear, out to the pein ot was marked ou! Lot the best site fer wl ea more could be ration the more only too perate i= A at that | 23.) Speech in which cont visit to Galway, Bee, on expressed his admiration of the shipping accommo- dation afforded by the noble bay o! town ~sig- that ‘he was from six to sevea nificantly adding hundred miles nearer to his home that day than he had been for a very ng. time past,” will, we trust, together with the ot! of his present Irish tour, tend to rev cussion of a question which is of tho utmost interest to the sister isiand, and which has, per- haps, somewhat too hasti unconditionally settled inthe negative. allude to, the question of tl Atlantic packet station on the western coasi of that country. towards the close of last appointed, at the urgen’ request of a very large number of a- rr pega tneicense ve the dis- been regarded as he establishment of ap It may be remembered that, year, a commission was Trish noblemen and gentlemet, to uire into the expediency of adopting a port on e west or south: west coast of Ireland, as a packet mails between this country and to report the result of the in- ing shape—for they were directed to examine. ty bors of Ireland was best ‘bor was suitable to the ob- |, however, evi- lence which could possibly assist them in form- ing an opmion upon the matter referred to them. The substantial and closely printed Blue Book, which was some time since pre- sented to Parliament, containing their report and its appendix, shows at least that, in the inver- tigation entrusted to them, no labor was spared, and bo conceivable source of information disregarded ‘That document had been looked for with the gt est interest by the well wishors of [reland. [t was hought, by many sangaiae persons who sympa- thised deeply with the distresses of that country, that, while the recent efforts of England to relieve tho sister island had been mady at the cost of vast sacrifices to herself, here, at last, was a propo- sal, the adoption of which, while it would very greatly benefit Ireland, could not fail to bs also advantageous to the rest of the United Kingdom. Nor did these anticipations appear unreasonable. ‘The comparative proximity of the western soast of Ireland to North America, and the establishment of railway communication between Dublin and the principal ports on that coast, seewed to show that, even for Lnglish and Scottish travellers, increased speed, unaccompanied by any diminution in comfort, would be attained by the contemplated measace. When at length the report appeared, the disap pointment which it occasioned was in proportion to the hopes which had been formed; and, seciag the fierce invectives of the Irish press, we wero almost inclined to recommend any of the Com missioners who might be disposed, during tho present vacation, to visit the Lakes of Killarney, or the wild and ogee shores upoa which they had lately been sitting in judgment, t» postpone, for awhile, their contemplated expedi- tion. The document in question, afver specifying Galway and Foynes, in the Shannon, as the most eligible harbors for the purpose of a packet staion, proceeds to discuss the second and more important of the points brought under the consideration of the Commissioners The question before them was simply this :—1s it, or is it not, desirable, with reference to the general interests of the empire, that Liverpoal should cease to bo the packet sta- tion for the North American mails, and that some port on the coast of Ireland should, in future, be used for that purpose? This question the Commis- siovers answer in the negative, and we proceed to state the grounds of their decision. At present a large sum (£145,000) is paid anoually by the g>- vernment to Messrs Cunard, Burns, and Mclver, of Liverpool, in consideration of their contract to carry the North American mails; and the mainte- narce of the most powerful line of steamers ever yet established in any country is the result of this arrangement. These magnificent vessels run weokly between Liverpool and New York, and they arc, we need not say, ofthe greatest possible convenieuce to merchants andtravellers. The Commissioners argue that, were these packets ti ferred to an Irish port, they would cease to be available tor the con- veyance of goods, andeven of ngers, from England and Scotland. By very elaborate and mi- nute calculations, which are presented to the reader in a tabular form, poss show that the utmoss sav- ing of time which id be effected by the change, would be ie under tea hours. This saving, they contend, would not be in any ~~ suflisient to counterbalance the inconvenience of those repeated transfers from steamer to ma carriage, and vice versa, which would be rendered necessary by the adoption of the new route. Thus, in their opiaion, great detriment would be sustained by the mercan- tile and travelling community on this side of the channel—while, as the receipts of the company, from merchandite and passengers, would fall off in consequence of the diminished traffic, a large addi- tional sum would have to be paid by the govern- ment tor its contract. Inthe general conclusion arrived at by the com ners—that it would not be advisable to re- Messrs. Cunard's packets from Liverpool— oncur. The maintenaace of a regular ket service between New York and convenient @ port of Great Britain is d to the desirableness of an [rish yy NO means set at rest by this de- TF con- itional line of transatlantic lished. Notwithstandin, ivantageo: is said by the commissioners a3 to the ruinous nature of such an experiment, we have little doubt that, for 2 sum which no one would call exorbitant, Messrs. Cunard and va tee ape engage to perform the necessary service. com: joners appear to us to have been far too hasty in taking for granted that none but Irish travellers would avail thei of the new route; and, moreover, they havi - dently overlooked the fact, that, were such a mode of communication established between Irolaad and America, tho number of ‘rish goods and passenger would, in all probability, be very Rreatly creased. Nor can we altogether agree with thom in the opinion that ‘ants would not be con- veyed by the new line of steamers; onthe contrary, one of the arguments upon which we should rely for the support of our stion is derived from the smeunt of irtah emi tion. It must frequen:ly bi n that, when f oor emigrant bas (o make a journey, in the first Teoases, from some distant part of Treland to Liverpool, he can- not afterwards afford to take a passage in a costly steamer. But the cage will be very different when, je one hand, his voyage is gr hortened, nd, on the other, the expense of hi across the ocean is nearly the whole of the oatlay which he has to incur. And here another and a most im- portant consideration presents itself It is impos sible to watch the steady current of emigration which bas set in across the Atlantic without wish. ing that it had taken a more northerly djrecsion. a", not the arrangement to be ent into with the contractors be so framed as to ite course! Would it be impossible to prov’ 5 for the future, the flower of the Irish people should leave our shor¢s—if so it must be—not to be incor. porated with a rival nation, but to add vigor and energy to our own Canadien population? Atleast, we truet that the reportof the Packet Station Com- miesioners will be taken for no more than it is really © government will not abandon, t consideration, an idea which, as ized with the greatest le advantage to Ireland, and at a compara The Telegraph between England and Wrance, The actual submersion of th of Dover, Thurs dia picked crew (0 pilot annel. The morning was nd the crews of both vessels appeared to be animated with that feeling of adven- ture naturally enough evoked by an experiment of such enterprise and novolt sometwenty miles of deep of intelligence as that of pemnen mJ with the electric lin! eo ES jan dontinent the world. Tho first bony | done, for the and the engi there not being sufficient depth of water Blazer to be brought noar —_ ashore, waa to convey the extremity of the cab! Foreland coast, where it be ig Varied deep in the le on to the South set gert tsenka ett e e e' a made t tac to the hull of the Blaser the rate ot two miles an board the latter vessel by inte the sub-marine sand and valley. tract be- tween the South Foreland and Sanngate, the oor- Pe py J point onthe French const, has been se- re as prerenting, from soundings and surveys, r les, and probable disturbances, a, and is ehosen as erging of the wire that ited by those having the best knowl- and marine dynamics. The the experience gathered the route adopted from the ons inid dewn last Ky the neighborhood of shifting Crampton asd Wollaston, the in charge of the aguans ar ote, and some thirty mer. and the neces- from the experiment “d= year rendered fhe te aight, Sopt. 25:) to within Enna ihidy Thu of the French coast, where the r ig Communication with the English coast is perfect. bilities ag existing by the fundamental law of the constitution; but this could not pl: om on an equali with, other Swedish sub; , in fact, enable them to. the benefit of the privileges granted them so long as. the private legislative order wasof an io ppete na ture. The government, accordingly, submitted a further project, by which these differenees would be reconeiled, and the complete emancipation of the Jews guaranteed. This project has been carried byr a large majority. The Jews, therefore, will in fu- ture 4 permitted to sett! Sweden azd Norway. Switzerland. The Swiss National Gazette, of the 16th, under the head of Neufchatel, states that a meeting of the people had been held at Chaux-de-Fonds, at which the question was discussed as to whether it was not desirable to forma grand league of the people against the sovereigns. Eleven speakers addressed the meeting. The speeches were all made in French. About by persons were present, and about 1,000 afterwards sat down to a banquet. The grand council of Argau, in Switzerland, has ordered that there shall be a new council fermed, to effect a partial revision of the constitution, as demanded by the people. Germany. PRINCE ALSERT’S RIGHTS. We have already siated (says a Gotha letter of Sept. 10,) that in the sitting of the chamber of de- puties a very important question was brought to a close. The question and details are as follows:— The late duke had bequeathed to his sons. the pre- sent reigning duke, and Prince Albert of England, the sum of 50,000 florins annually, as revenues. arising from royal domains. This bequst was made in 1836, and was carried out till 18, when the chambers protested against fete ay the annuity. Prince Albert acco: ‘ogy instituted proceedings against the diet, which refused the grant on the ground that the crown do- mains being the property of the reigning prince as such, and not as an individual, he had no legal right to assign or bequeath any rovenues arising from them to his successors, heirs, or any other person. The court, however, after a minute inves- tigation of the fundamental law as then existing, empowered the duke to bequeath part of the re= venue to his two sons, and accordingly gave judg- ment that the country must pay Prince Albert 50,- 000 florins per annum as his legal right. The minieter of state yponnees as a compromise that Prince Albert should abate 10,000 florins per annum of his claim, and that the chamber should vote his royal highness 40,000 florins. The debate upon the question came on yesterday. Several members insisted that the regent had in no case the power of the crown lands in his own hands, and the present case being unprecedented, tne accept- ance thereof would be a viriual acknowledgment of its validity. The majority, however, decided that, although it was an unprecedented case, and the judgment passed by the court might, therefore, be considered dubious, it was, nevertheloss, desirable that this tedious point should at length be settled, and accordingly voted his royal highness Prince Al- bert 40,000 fiorins per annum. By this decision of the chambers the revenue of the state, which has to pay all arrears, is lessened by @ million of florins. The Banks of Great Britain. {From the London Times, Sept 26} The returns of circulation of the Irish and Scotch banks for the four weeks ending the tth of Septem- ber inst., when added together, give the following as tho average weekly circulation of these banks during the past month, viz.:— Average circulation of the Irish banks.. DOUSTiCA OOPS WE DUBS Guirguuewedty WCE: | £3,912,257 Average circulation of the Scotch banks +» 8,125,601 Average circulation during the past month.... £7,097 48. On comparing the above with the fixed issues of thes: banks, as giveninthe Banking Almanac, = following appears to be the state of the circula- jon :-— ‘The Irish banks are below their fixed iseue...,£2,382,237 The Scotch banks are above their fixed issue.. 38,482 ‘Total below the fixed issue........ te eeeeeee £2313, 755 The amounts of gold and silver held at the head offices of the several banks during the past month have been as follows:—— Gold and silver held by the Irish banks. Gold and silver held by the Scotch banks. Total of gold and silver held.......... £1922,931 The above siatements complete the returns of the circulation of notes in England, Scotland and Ire- land, for the month Ca the 6th of September, Pg! were partly inserted in this joureal of the th inet. These returns, combined with the average eircu- lation of the Bank of England for the same period, will give the following results of the total eiroula- tion of notesin the United Kingdom, when com- pared with the previous month :— Ang 9, Sept. 6, 1861." iain Dees Bank of England. £20.411,791 £19,739.126 £072 065 Private banks... 3.347.236 8.219,162 128.083 Joint stock banks. 2652640 2,560,929 82,711 Total in En; ++ 26,411,066 25, 628.207 883.450 Bootland — 3.154. 984 a 128 691 20.203 Ireland. 8 978,435 3,972 267 6,175 United Kingdom £33,545085 £32,926,155 £918,000 thowing @ decrease of £883,459 in the circulation of notes ‘Dgland, and a decrease of £918,930 in che circalation of the United Kingdom, when compared with the month ending the 9h of August. The following statement will show the position of the cnrreney when compared with the same perio¢ last year:— : Bah te Dera Bank of England, £19, 002:80 £19 730,126 £896,200 Private banks... 3 411, 329162 — 92,82 Joimt-stock banks 2611314 2.609929 — the Total in England. 25076184 25 628201 = ~ilaiom Scotiand 21300 Aised — “son Indand. G9 3972957 wsi732 United Kingdom 93 003,800 92,0215 — 977,654 thus showing a decrease of £117,977 in the cireula-* tion of notes in I:ngland, and a decrease of £377,654 in the circulation of the United Kingdom, wher com) ‘d with the corresponding period last year. ‘erage stock of bulliea held by the gland, in both departments, during the monh ending the 6th of September, was £14,264,39, being aninerease of £3 13, a8 compared wih the previous mont! le srease of £2,532,35 when compared the eame period last year The stock of specie held by the Scotch and Ireb ban ‘ing the month ending the 6th of Septem- ber, was £1,922.921, being a decrease of £12! 5, as contravene previous returm, and a le- crease of £251 527 when compared with the corms- ponding period last year az Cireular. Messrs, Ba. " Lowpow. Friday, Sept. 26—5 P.M. We have no material charge to notice in the cobnial and foreign produce markets this week ; the same duil- nes we have so fr-qnently had to report still continues; but holders of produce having shown less anxiey to Teale at public sales, have succeeded in maintaaing for mer rates by buying freely Money continues in dematd; but with of the preciow by the last res sre quoted at 46, 10%d., and bar silver de Od. For the principal trenssctions of the week we would refer to the following remarks :— tis request We quote Montrea Pot, 1 New York Pot, 268, « 271. good demand, and 463 bag: Hon- ir tb.; je: silver, del: Ss.. were beught in. 4 bag Cocos remains neglected, and in the absence ib! fales no business bas been done. — Corres —The demand has continued moderate, but holders bave been very firm, and Prices have bees main- ta’ Of 420 cesks 800 bags plantation Ceylon st auc- bout bal, soid from 42s, « 488 for ord. york AS wey taken at a “i there are rew vers. but it is be 1600 eaves ke Hast Tudia, inostly sol at dis, @ dis 9 42s <' Myrore. e . & 58a, ‘Mocha 7 per owt, In Brazil ‘end St. Domingo kinds haa been done, The Continen'al advices report fucreased firmness, and in Holland deliveries are proceedi tmtiafnc- terily, excerding already upwards of 260 000 of the coffees sold at company's late sale, While writing, 5 AO Aa “ gocd Grst,”’ Kio has been teken for Ham- bro’ at 87e., floating conditions, insured free of particular e averi ‘With liberal supplies a further decline on BE Veh eat of 1s, was subtaltted to at Monday's mart the lart week's averege price was 37 Sd Aa) and gm met a limited rale ato similerreduetion Spring corn without material change. Flour dull at ida a 20°. Per bbl as in quality Om Wednesday and today the Hoey cee Rewrey: In Indian corn there hasbeen no- ing doing. Corzon quiet, with sales for the week of only 1,150 bales at the fermer valne. including 160 boweds at 5\<d. © 6% d., for mid. fair to good 272 bales Sura at auction Jerterday, were it in considerably abovs ‘ket. At Liverpout, there been a modenee baskness estog, buyere bar mid. Orleans was 4 bg rm ing ~ nce, &e— At public enle the sia vat Public eale the following articles have found cum im, at 16—, Sr 0a. | 32 cases Anim. ut £08 £10 128 OA. | 7 cuien Arabic, 208, @ 678. 6d ; 156 cases star Aniseed, at T4s. 64. 0 760. ; 16 chests gum Benjamin. at £5 10 tone Cuteh. at 188 & 188, 6d, 900 banketa Gambier, 16s. a 16e. Ed. ; and 100 tone Bias Xapan Wood, £8 124, Gl 9 £10 be, Camphor remains quiet at 61s, 64. a 66s, Gastes Ol rether cheaper, 290 cases at auction bringing: > BS é