The New York Herald Newspaper, May 27, 1851, Page 3

of her counsellors to give my opinion, Ihave dona would be true to herself. Her destiny, unde: Mr. Cobb's Speech In Savannah. [From the Savannah Kepublican, May 16.) ‘We have already remarked, in our issue of yester- day, that the Toe” Howell Cobb was greeted at the Y7 Pay ag on Wednesday evening, by one of the largest and most intelligent audiences we have ever seen assembled in this city. There was no pucking, no reinforcement of boys or outsiders, and no effort to procure a large attendance; and yet there was amore intelligence, more men of character and influ- ence and enterprise present, than we have been ac- customed to witness at political assemblages in years past. It was a compliment eminently due to the distinguished ex-Speaker, and he evinced his appreciation of it bg the jain, straightforward and ich he responded to it. He manly manner in w) made no effort at displa; effect, and yet his speech wa: South. rights were-eoncerned, was better now than it been for the last quarter of a century. While he could not have-approved of some of it singly, et as @ whole, as a compromise of conflicting views, be Wepre na it en neh, and just to all parts ol 1e country. Was not aggressive u; our fete. nal rights. It violated no provision of the and it in no way affected injuriously the honor or the interests of the South. Men should not ex- pect—it was not just to expect—that all their wishes should be out in a compromise where the most conbictiogeentienente and obdurate ppiiadions are to be settled. It is not right te yicld nothing, and yet to exact.ove = @ Such was not the federal government, he contended, was #compromise—the constitution was a compromise—the Union was a compromise—re- publicanism iteelf was a compromise. Compromise was written upon everything—it was scen every- where, in society, in government, and in all the va- ried and wide-spread ramifications of life. It was yy this just.and universal principle that the ac- tion of the government had been predicated ; and it was apon this that he stood there to defend and support that action. When men had arrived at that point where they were unwilling to concede anything to the views and sentiments of others, there could be no further government. Anarchy and misrule must take the place of law and order, policy of our fathers. and society be resolved into its original elements. While tho speaker admitted that the immediate danger was past, it would not be i to those whom he was addressing, or to bimse! ernment, aud of even t and sincere, who charged that the government! sacrificed every northern principle at the foot of | southern power ; while at the South, there were men equally intelligeut and sincere, who charged that not only e constitution, but southern interests and honor, had been offered up on the altar to appease northern abolitionism. These men occupied direct- ly ite positions, and yet they were warrin, peo covernment for the same cause. Tha ruin must come upon the conntey if either party~ its section, was too evident, he thought, to require auything but the simple statement of the fuct to put all the true ‘was permitted to control in friends of the Union on their guard. In this connection, the honorable gentleman re- ferred to the recent action of South Carolina. He desired to speak of that State kindly and respect- fully, as was his nature. That she had determined to steike @ blow for disunion, was evident from the action of the late convention in Charleston, the sen- timents of her public men, and the tone of her presses and clubs. While he hoped and believed she would not secede, he was convinced she was at this time resolved to do 0; and that it required the prudence and forbearanve by the General Government and the Southern States to event it. There were three parties in Soath “arolina—the immediate secessionists, the ultimate Union men. The first were for dissolving the Unionat once and by themselves; , more calculating, wero equally determined to accomplish the same end, but they were in favor of “tarry ing for a moment,” in order to secure the co-operation of other Southern the third were friends of the Union, on the princi of the Union party of Georgia. The second party he considered the most dangerous, be- cause it was the moet politic. Wath them disunion was a chronic disease—with the first it was only 4 en! government. To carry out this purpose, they had tendered the “le id” in the disunion movement to Georgia. The compli- ment was gratetul, yot it had been firmly declined. It was now eviden: that, in tendering the “lead,” it was done only on the condition that Georgia would tread in the path which South Carolioa should point out for her. But Georgia had marked out a traight and honest path, such oved of—and she would not be diverted from it either by the of States near at hand or those She had taken her ition, aud there she would stand, let other people and States exercise of gi! secessionists, and the the second, more State: flammatory. These eo were equally upon the destruction of the path for herself—a asher judgment aj permit hervel: jattery or thre: at a distance. suy and do what they pleased. Mr. Cobb said he could not find appr terms to expe ss himself in regard to the ( Convention. it had, under trying ciroumsta nerformed its whole duty—it had done right—and ity action was but the entering up of the judgment of the people. He would say more, He veril belicved that Georgia had saved the Union. Sue! vas the belief elsewhere. She had exeited the ad- miration and respect of the patriots of all sections of the country. So just, so dignified, so wise, had ted not a vast and . ms would continue to uphola and defend it. Yet, he regretted to say yuthern Rights” friends (of whom he nil respect.) were m denounced others of them it, * hamili- ating as it was.” He would not call into question ism of such men; yet he could not believe that Union men could safely rely | upon their assistance in maintaining measures or & government which had “humiliated” and * dis- graced” them Men must co-operate cordially, and upon the convictions of their judgments, or they could accomplish no good. He feared, too, of Georgia should, by their votes, | urty to power—a party thus “ ha- miliated” and dissatisfied—it would not be long, however differently its members may think now, before they would place themselves in sympathetic communication with South Carolina, and, with strike for disunion. Here lay the real danger. rue to her own yot be rent asunder, he must follow out the path she had marked for nd to the end, and it would eon- She was eompe- herself, aud did not require tae e ewhere, which might apply for letters of guardianship. He did not believe that South Carolina had the right to jeo- and in- id not, in justice to them, ‘uke it upon herself to decide upon ‘such momentous issues, and drag them down with herself into the bottomless pit of revolution and dis- For one, he hoped that Georgia would give unders ‘and, so far as we are concerned, that she need look for no aid or sympathy t/om this State in her efforts to overthrow the goverument. We may regret the course she had marked owt—we may even sympath ae with her—but nothing more. We our bands against the Union for that he de y_of her been her condw increasing wij that hie “ spoke with the utmost kindness differently disposed. Many the action of the Convention, whil professed a disposition to acquiesce i the sincerity or patrio if the pe elevate such Georgia must be true to here action—or the Union might ye , resolute et her te tent to take « nid or advice of any Si y and greatness. yard the institutions of the South by her hasty Ubadvised action, Other States were equal terested in those institution, and she coal can never ra anyrhing in the past Ir. Cobb depreeated the formation of sectional nts” parties, whetuer they be called “ Soa or otherwise. Organize soottonalp D th, at the East and West. ails of Congress—let each the Union would endure o he bitcorness, thy uch # state of things would engender The ‘The 1 her g rapid ¢ improvement every where visi future prospects; and he hoped, when he saw the feeling of unity which was springing ap in # of the State, from the mountains to the seal that she would realize the rich reward due wifagging industry and indomitable will. Unex- awpled prosperity reigned throughout our borders There never was a freer or a happier le; and if 4 hort whose in- there wae one State more than ano’ terests and greatness lay in the Union, it was (ieor aia, There was no limit to her prosperity, if she He said nothing for powerful vindication -of the action of the government in relation to the Compromise measures, the action of the Georgia Convention, and the organization of the Union rty. P Having been introduced by Dr. Arnoup, in a few app! remarks, Mr. Coun proceeded, in the fist place, to review in a general way the measures embraced in the Compromise. It had been charged, he said, that the Compromise was an aggression by the North upon the constitutional rights of the ‘This-he denied most emphatically. The . Position of the South, so far as her constitutional to disguise the fact that there were many bitter opponents in all sections of the Genes! of the action of the gov- ¢ government itself. At the North there were men, intelligent, bea mg | , Sugars, made upon the ordinar, cavado,) and afterwards purified in the hogshead | world. This ¢ | The Position and Prospects of Dunkirk—Its Natural riate aud to the last extremity” that it is right and the others wrong—and he did not believe nonth. Lt could never atred, and the violeace position of Georgia was an enviable one, id developement of her varied resvarces— ie system of internal improvements—ber educational acd religious advancement—her vast productions—her geographical ition—and her rease in population and power, made her emphatically the ‘Empire State of the South.” ‘The improvement which was evident in every de- partment of industry in this city, was but a type of ih ible throughout the State. And here be felt constrained to say, that to the capital, the enterprise, and the lines of commu- nieativn projected by Savannah, the State was in- debted for much of her present prosperity and ber Pro- videnoe, was in her own hands, and he hoped she would entrust it to the keeping of no other people, however gallant. But peaperens and happy a8 we are, enoourag’ 4% our future prospects ma; be, it behooved us te remember that we had te. come what we are with the “stars and stripes” over our heads. He would leave it to others to say what we will be with the “ stars and stripes” be- neath our feet ! Our Louisiana Correspondence. Sr. Mary’s, La., May 14, 1851. The Sugar and Cofton Crops of Louisiana and Texas—Probable Results of the Growing Crops. Since I wrote you from Texas last September, I have travelled through every sugar growing parish in Texas and Louisiana. The sugar crop of last year, in Fexas, reached near 6,000 tons, and the mo- lasses about 800,000 gallons. I should say from appearances, that the present crop, if successfully secured, will nearly double that quantity. The crop of Louisiana was 212,000 hogsheads, say about 150,000 tons, and the molasses about twelve millions of gallons; but the coming crop of Louisiana can- not exceed 170,000 hogeheads or 120,000 tons, and molasses nine to nine and a half millions of gallons. The reasons for this are, first, the great and nume- rous overflows of the sugar estates on the Missis- sippi caused by crevasses; secondly, the great loss of seed cane, I know several planters who have not been able to plant one-half of what they had intended; and some others, whose intention was to have planted two hundred acres, could only plant from fifty to sixty acrez, on account of losing their seed cane in the mats, by the dry rot. In the peri of Lafayette all the seedcano was lost. Io he parish Rapides and Avoyelles, the planta- tions were first drowned out by an overflow of the Red River, and after the receding of the water, they were parched and dry, and the land baked up for want of rain, none having fallen for seven weeks. The spring has been cold and windy, and the rat- toons or stubble canes had scarce made their ap- pearance on the first of May. The stand of canes is invariably bad in these rere anda very short crop must ensue. Inthe ed River districts, Rapide: ou Rouge, Avoy- 4 Petts. ta tte a | elles, St. Landry, fayette and St. Martins, and the whole of the upper Bayou Boouf, and the whole surrounding country, there is not at this time 100 hogeheads of sugar in the purgeries, and I do not think there is 10, demand for Western consumption, and prices ure looking up daily. The crops in St. Martin and in St. Mary are looking pretty well, and I think the , latter parish will make an average crop, say 20,000 hogsheads, or 12,000 tons. The river parishes will certainly fall short by at least one-fifth of an ave- rage crop. The northern parishes promise a good crop of cotton and corn; in fact, wie parish in the | State, from present appearances, will produce more corn this year than hus ever been known. Louisiana has hitherto had to purchase corn from the West; this year, I think, she will have corn to spare, as all these lands that could not be planted in cane for want of seed, together with much new land, has been planted in corn and cotton. There is strong talk of a railroad from New Orleans to Opelousas. Should this go through, it will greatly Fcilitate trade, and open a channel for speculation in north- ern is least known, having but few navigable streams ; but it needs but to be seen to be admired. Sugar and molasses will certainly command high prices next fall. I say this disinteresvedly, as | do not own eneeg land to bury me; but I am confi- dent of what I say sr) correct. The sugar plaut- ers have need of it, as t! af are by no means such a rich community as some of the Northorners imagine. ‘The greater bulk of them really live upon the in- terest of what they owe to others. The new process | of Melsen has proved a complete failure; | mean the plan of using bi-sulphate of lime. The rotatine machine is also growing into disuse, it being ex- pensive and very wasteful. The vaeuum process has involved a great many , tae and tutally ruined others, whilst it has | mefitted none except the patentees and manufac- | turers. The sugars most in demand, andwhich are eagerly sought after, are strong grained kettle by a simple, easy, safe, cheap, and effective pro- cess, which at once mukes the sugar white, or nd these bleached sugais will ship without deliqueseence all over the eap plan is the accidental discovery ofan Englishman, who, by his happy discovery, can, at the expense of five cents, turn a hogshead of mean and bad sugar into a fair or choice article; and the substance used is as innocent and harm- nearly so, a8 also hard aud dr it is effective. am about to m: NEV MATICUS. Our Dunkirk Correspendence. Denxmx, May 18, 1851. Resources and Future Prosperity From the noise that is made about Dunkirk as the terminus of the Erie Railroad, 460 miles from your city, some facts I have gleaned about the village, its position and prospects, and the glowing hopes of its inhabitants may not be uninteresting to your readers. In 1815, a military road was pro- jected by De Witt Clinton and others, to ran through the southern tier of counties and terminate at Chadwick's Bay. Subsequently, impressed with its value as a Larbor, De Witt Clinton and Col. Elisha Jenkins and others bought land there for the site ofa town, and called it Dunkirk, from its resem- blance to a port in France of that name. In 1824, a light-house was built at the entrance to the harbor. The people of Dunkirk are filled with ex- at the prospect of their little village, containing trom 1,500 to 2,000 in- habitants, taking away the palm from Butlalo and Erie, and becoming the New York of the lakes, They have already baptized it “the young giant of the west.” Their elation is just in proportion to their former depression. A few years ago, when the Lrie Railroad was on foot before, there was a wonderful stimulus given to the village, and the prices of lots and house property ran high Whon the road was abandoned, the rising energies of chs little village were crush- ed, aud real estate sunk to one-third, or even one- fourth, of what it brought a short time before. Every one connected with it was ruined, and the | Village was deserted. Now again the value of pro- | perty is enhanced, and speculators from New York and elsewhere are purchasing lots and buildings, and are rejoicing in the immense gain which they ¢ in two or three years, while others citement and enthusia calculate to mal are uning schemes for realizing rapid fortunes in ou lote for the purpose of imme factories—the one a rail and the other a second Nevelty Works, for the manulacture of engines, and other iron work required for railronds, with a capital of @100,000. By this means, and by the employees aud workmen required at the railroad teruti will be more than doubled at goods stores, tailors, mantua- makers, class that supply buildings, food, raim: or ornaments, will add twenty-five 6,000 inhabitants. This is the point to whi reat di for trade, commerce or manufactares, the popul tion will be augmented in proportion to the r tive value of sueb position he energy of the peo ple, aod the spirit of the times, Daniel Webst who is admitted to be a man of no ordinary saj city, says he expects to live to see Dunkirk wit! 40,000 or 46,000 mbabitants, or ae many as Buffalo boasts now. He says, moreover, that a million of ‘bor without hesitation, considering its vast importance ay the dollars oughtto be expended on the great connecting link between the Lakes and the country bey: the Lukes and New York city the emporiuim of the new world and the old The people of Dunkirk, however, would be well satisfied hogsheads in the , whole State. Sugar and molasses are largely in it, & great sugar country. Though the | | ‘most beautiful aud interesting part of this State, it principle, (Maus- l write again, after another long journey 1 bales st. Mr. Pieree, of Khode Island, and another as whose name I could nos learn, have ta- 3 uiely erecting d car establishment, 8, the population nee. Then the ine crease, consequent upon this increase, in buildings, masons, carpenters, grocers, bakers, butchers, dry- ni ail that , luxuries, t per cent more, thus raising the population in one year to 5,000 or it is necessary to bring population in order to ite fature in- crease ¥7 he vatural advantages of the place. The ‘culty is to obtain the first 5,000 inhabitants. ftor that, if nature has given the locality a position eteamers will run from Dunkirk to Detroit, in oon- nection with the Erie Railroad, and thus divert from Buffalo. Some idea may be formed of the future greatness of Dunkirk, whea it is stated that the trade of the lakes amounts to three hundred millions of dollars sapaally. The hog trade of the West will take the di- rection of Dunkirk, and the animale will be slaughtered there instead of at Cinemnati. Al- ready one house, largely embarked im the trade, have taken messures to settle at Dunkirk. Others, of course, will follow the example. By the present route of the hog trade, it takes about three mouths to bring the merchant a return of his momey. At Dunkirk, by eending the animals by the Erie rail- road, he can have it in two days. Dunkiris is des- tined to be a great warehousing place for flowr and other provisions. All a New York merchant bas to do in winter, or any season of the year, is to tele~ raph there for so many barrels of flour. He has them next dey by ral r8ad. Cheeso, butter, fv and game abounding in this distriet, will fiad » ready and speedy market in New York. Frou a single store in a little village on Lake Erie, not fae from Dunkirk, daring the last year, there weso $200,000 worth of eheese shipped for Buffalo. Alb this will find its way to Dunkirk. Chautauque county, in whieh Duokirk is situated, is one of the greatest cheese eounties in the State of New York, and for butter it is equally distinguished. Last full, two hundred and ged Aleve of buiter passed through Dunkirk. ‘The wi district is extremely fertile, as indicated by the dark verdure of the and foliage. ‘The country for many ailes behind it is rich in pasturage, in agriculture, aud some of the finest cattle lever saw are tobe found there. There is one peculiarity about the situation of Dunkirk, that hereafter will contribute to hasten its prosperity. It is its easy grade to the water's edge. The ascent is so gradual that it is searcely perceptible to the eye, and the railroad can run down te toe very wharf, and thus expense and time will be saved. Of course Buffalo will always be a great commercial city, but Dunkirk claims to divide the spoils with it. From the beauty of its scenery, and the nature of its shore, it possesses an advantage which Buffalo wants. It is fitted to be a fine watering place, and is much resorted to inthe summer season, Magni- ficent trout abound in the Lake. Jn anticipation of @ great increase in the number of summer residents, and also from sojourners en- Freed in business, a new hotel, called the Loder touse, has been erected by Col. J. Hemphill, though not yet finished. It covers as much ground as t Astor House or Irving House. The ball room, which is 30 feot by 18 one of the finest I have ever seen. The building, when completed, will contain one hundred and sixty rooms for hotel pur- poses. It is built on an admirable plan, and H much credit to the architect, Mr. MeKnight. It is situated in the best part of the principal street of the village, and commands a glorious view of the lake. Opposite to it is a very handsome church. Altogether, the prospects of Dunkirk are bright aod tair, and, at no distant day, it will, in all proba- bility, rank high in the seale of the cities of the Empire State. Our Califoznia Correspondence. San Francisco, (Cat.) April 1, 1851, The Indian Dlissim—State of Trade—Rise in the Price of Gola—Low State of Morality, §c. §c. T returned, a week ago to-day, from the camp of the United States Indian Commissioners, on the river Freeno. You will perceive by the newspa- | pers by this mail, how far the commission has pro- gressed in its work. A treaty has already been made with the Gentiles (qs they are called by the volunteers), composing five tribes. A location has been selected for them on the Merced river, and they are to be furnished by the United States go- vernment with all sorts of agricultural implements, | and to bave their farms stocked. One hundred and sixty acres of land is to be allowed each family; seeds, plants, &e., are to be distributed amongst | them, and proper persons sent by the government to instruct them in the use and value of the articles mentioned above. One or two tribes on the head of the Tualumne river had not come into camp up to the time of my ee and it was feared that they would have to be final ly brought under subjection and made to treat with us. Major Savage, of the State Volun- teers, was making preparations to start out against them, under (itis aid) the sanction of the commis- sioners. His command had not started, up to the time I left the Kio Fresno. Capt. Kirkendale, of the Volunteers, had had a fight with a party of Indians, high up on the San Joaquin river, and it resulted in the killing of ten or twelve of the ** Gentiles,” and seme fifty or sixty wounded. Lieut. Wm. Il. Smith, formerly of Ste- venson’s Regiment of Volunteers, was wounded in the side by a poisoned arrow. I was told that the wound was not a very dangerous one, and that he will no doubt recover from it. Great excitement has pervaded the commu- ‘nity for the past month, in consequence of the imprisonment of Mr. Walker, of the San Francisco Herald, for a contempt of court, in consequence of an article having pepeered in that paper reflecting on the public actions of Judge Parsons, of the District Court.— Another cause is the murder of a Captain Jarvis, of thie place, nan named Slater, said to be a “Sidney co and the releasing of Charles Duane, alias “Dutch Charley,” formerly of New York, on **straw bail,’ indicted by the grand jury for shooting aman named Fayall, with intent to kill him. To w stranger arriving in this place, things will look menean o he will wonder why so many people are assembled at different points of the streets, in knots of five to ten, some conversing with very se- rious countenances, and others again declaimin; under a state of the greatest excitement. Shoul you pass near enough to any of these little clubs, you will hear, ‘Ile ought to be strung up in the plaza immediately, without any hamby, trial,” or that ‘ile ought to be tarredand feathered, have his head shaved, and driven out of the country.” All these remarks bode no good; and wo betide a pes devil who expresses himself—not knowing or wving beard of any of the particulars—that pos- sibly the man might be innocent. He is looked in accomplice, and if he is not a very prudent man, will certainly get into trouble. On'the other hand, you find another party, eom- monly called the “ b’hoys,” who swear, that if “Charley” is punished, they will not only “lam” the judge or jury who convicts hun, bat “lay "em out cold,” and then set fire to the town. So, yoa seo that we live in a constant state of excitement and alarm, not knowing whether our lives or property are safe from one moment to another. Quite an important movement bas taken p gold dust since the sailing of the last » price bas been raised to $17 per oz. troy cicase of $1 per oz. This has had a tendency to raise the price of the Eastern States, and will also have the effect to re’ business, and in- duce a great — of the miners in the mining re- gion to part with ¢ as formerly; for L have no doubt that a great many of them have preferred holding on to it rather than part with it for goods or coin, at the rate of $16 per | w its intrinsic value. | o2., knowing it to be so far be! Although but three or four days have elapsed since thir step was taken, the merchants, and others here engaged in trade, begin already to feel the good eflects of it, and | have no doubt that the shipment of gold dust by the steamer of to-day will be much —— than by the two previous ones. here has been no lack of amusements here for | the past month. Masquerade balls, on the most | liberal principles, have served to while away maay | a dull evening, while the s” at the Mission Do- lores, got up by that prince of good fellows, and one well known to your sporting circles— Tom Battelle— have set the whole town crazy Swarms of beaut ful little “ grisettes,” from Sunny Franc now be seen daily and nightly moasuriag out taps, pixing ‘gin covk-tai ding “monte” tables, and looking out for “Faro” and his host generally. The “Alpine maid” blacks your boots, and gives ‘ou a song for twenty-five cents, whilo a son of the Selestial Empire offers you a nice relish in the saape ofa small sized rat, which he offers to cook for you if you prefer it, over @ emall spirit lamp. Tho shipwrecked Japanese are now thy * the town, and a projest is on foot to fit up a vessel and take them home. I have endeavored to fur- nish you with a fow items that | thought might be of interest to your readers; and if you think they are worth 5 lishing, I will have only gratified my- self at the idea that they were pleased. Tvotomne Fraestarr, Jacksonvit.x, March 20, 1851. wit! s quarter of ® million of doilars,and that sum | /teresting Exammation of a Prisoner for Murde it is believed by competent judges would be am sufficient to make Dunkirk ‘a ma nificent tad Hitherto there has it, and that in smal various intervals, and it has been rendored almost value- e 1 he works to £° out ofrepair. Be- sides being nearest point to New York, it is the only spot on the shores of the sesses any natural advanta, arbor ‘The entrance is forty feet wider than Buffalo, and there are cighty acres of stiff blue clay anchorage. First class steamers, fit fur the ocean, drawing from nine to ten feet of water, can be accommodated with safety aud convenience. The war steamer Michigan steamed all over the harbor the day the Vresident left for Buffalo. During the celebration, the following steamers, besides the United States steamer Michigan, wore in —Niagara, Empire State, Empire, hey Stone State, (Queen City, Loui- siana, Diamond, Belle. The bay is of a crescent form, and all that is wanted is two lines of break- water extending across from either horn of the es that pos 2 cresoent, to make this place both a good harbor of | refuge, and a capital port for the trade of the lakes. The Bufialo people are jealous for obvious roa ons, and cry down Dunkirk; but her time is come to rite in spite of every oppysition. g& live of splomuid 'n only $30,000 expended upon * —The way Justice is Dispensed. ‘The usnal quiet of our little town was Inst even- ing thrown into a state of epileptic excitement of the high-pressure kind, by the report that a most shocking and aggravating murder had been commit- ted on “Central Ridge.” We hastened immediately to the spot, attended by our numerous and efficient corps of reporters. We there found the greatost ox- citement prevailing among the populace. It seemed as though “ Old Sol,” on his sem*aonual arriva the equator, not content with changing our hith beautiful balmy weather and Italian skies cold drizzling rain and rong J fogs, wished to an nounce his approach into the Northern hemi- sphere, by making an equal change on the hitherto amiable and law-a aoe citizens of our lovely val- ley, bl dy them @ /a Curtisville into demons. One Hombie, hitherto remarkable for his quaker. like simplicity and peaceable disposition, we found with his shi leeves rolled up, sry “blood ! Iago, blood !” another was runing ful I fox for the ferry to ob a rope from Captains ©. Donnell and Dean ; a third was selecting a f° “i stout limb for the purpose of ¢) ating him a /cettle pigher than al- cohol bad alzeady dogo fox kim. While a fowia, wir dust, instead of hording it, up | | hundred and may | lions” of | ‘our village chaplain) was endeavori t ii Ce ee T book to form the one rites of C) burial, e the interesting ceremony of hanging was over. Finding it in vain to prom { with the infuriated mass, we despatched a messenger for Deputy Sheriff Marshall, who, with his usual ptnesé, quitted his game of “freeze out,” andarriving on the spot, arrested the culprit, and teek charge of him for the night. 5 Thies at nine o'clock, his honor Justice Pike beld an examination at the ‘ Bella Union.” The couss was thronged with 3, omens whom were many of our oldest 5 ° observed our talented and respected townsman, Dr. Esenlapio Harris, looking as wise as ever, with his outward moo adorned in & manner surprising to behold. . It was evident that he had abandoned the “ Old Pine Tree,” and struck a rich streak some- where else. He was Figged out in a sky blue claw- hammer jacket, with gilt butsons. ‘6 Were & lit- tle taken aback, however, whea we diseovered his shirt sppearing Sareea the asmpits. Counsellor Griffiths looked wise, but said . The court poom was silent as death; so intense was the excite- ment, you could have heard 2 crow-bar drop upon any of the benches,save when the solema stillness was aye er by the unmusical scand of tine toddy stick in the hands of Senator Comstcek. We would suggest to the worthy Senator, that in future, if he wust mix toddy within the sacred walls of ice, that he puts a mufller on his toddy stivk. ‘e were also much shocked to see a party of our oldest and. most respected citizens: pla: be euchre in court; we hope we shall never be galled upon again to rebake the like offence. The following was the testimony tuken verbatim :— Mr. Gallup, eworn—I was not there mt the time; heard the report of pistol; entered the tent and saw that man shoot the other man; that man. (looking. all around the court) wanted to fight the other man; the other man was ij that man by the hair; saw the hole in the could not say thaythe pistol ball caused the hole in the-hat. Cross-examined—The man that shot at the other man was three feet from him; could have shot him if he had wanted to at forty rods. ° Damen er.—This witness, more popularly known as ing Henry the Kighth ”” was the at- traction of all, trom his wellknown love of justice. He stood aloof from all others, with his arms fold- ed, and that deep resolution imprinted on his neble countenance, which seemed to exclaim with the elder Brutus, *‘ Let justice be done, though the heavens fall.” (Sworn.) Was taking my. 5 upom an afleruson"Shek? speare,”) when the noise ofidrunken men awoke me from the arms of Murphy.. I went into the tent and saw the prisoner shoot the other man ough the head, and sead a ball through his at. Cross-examined.—Cannot swear but the hole in the hut was there bofore the pistol was fired. Can- a ay, that there was anything but powder in the isto] 5 Heve several witnesses were examined, who testi- fied to the good character ef: the accused, that he was & “ whole souled fellow, and stood treat often.” Counsellor Hosmer, in an elaborate and eloquent manner, addressed the coust for t hours, not stopping even once to ta! long. pipe, when his honor Justice Pike bound the accused in the sum of two hundred dollars to keep. the peace for thirty days. Piacervu.ie, March 23, 1851. The Indian Troubles—The Population of Placerville —Gold Digging, §c. Ihave no doubt you have heard of the difficulty we had with the Indians in this vicinity. In my opinion itis a perfect humbug, and if the whole truth was known it would not reflect much credit on the whites. rville is a flourishing town with six or eight thousand ighabitants, (town and vicinity,) is loca- tedin the centre of a large mining district, and on the road from the Plains, fifty-five miles from Sa- eramento City. It is thg first town the cmigrants from the Plains strikein California. Miners are averaging from $4 te $8 per day; pro- visions plenty and cheap. Hanging for stealing is a common occurrence. Gold is gettin scarce and rogues plenty. 38. C. Letter from Gen. Th. Jefferson Sutherland. Op Fort Kearney, Taste Creek, Nesraska Territory, May 3, 1851. Kuow ye the land of the cedar and vine, Where the flowers ever blossom and the beams ever shine, And all, save the spirit of man, is divine? James Gorpon Benner, Esq. :-— Deax Six :—I have just crossed the river for the purpose ofa tramp in the Nebraska territory. But what achange. “And such a change” has come upon the country, that J, andall other ours, Bro stopped in our career. We have hore , for se veral weeks, @ warm and born ong ring, starting up the grass uj the and bringing out Sywersbtecoone and foli But, with the be- ginni of this present week, the weather became * March like,” and day before yosterday we had a snow storm come down upon us in full flurry, as ing its blighting flakes upon flower and leaflet. It is said by the other residents that the cold of the resent week bas had no parallel within their know- fodge, in this che ee of country. By this change of weather, the emigrant trains, which are crossing in at numbers at Council Bluff, will be delayed, as fire cold will most assuredly kill most of the vegeta- tion which might have afforded food for cattle, and destroy the virtue of the young grass upon the prairies. In fact, the cold of this present week will set the spring back at least one month. Jhave so written before, and now repeat, that the lands of the Pottawatamie purchase, comprisin, the western part of Iowa, in point of richness of soil, ease of cultivation, and beauty of prospect, have no allel in the United States. Yot I would not ave these remaks taken as baie = | any honest and industrious citizens that they should come here for the purpose of making sottlements, at this time—because the lands on which’ settlements could be made have all beon ‘claimed up,” and are now held in parcelsa—measuring from 320 to 2,000 acres—by squatters, who demand more than the government price for the privilege of making a settlement. It is not for improvements that the squatters demand a price, but for the privilege of settlement, and their protection. If a man refuses to pay their demands, and attempts to make a set- tlement, though it be on lands a mile from any other settler, he is denounced as a claim jumper, and lynched. I travelled 300 miles in Western lowa, through a tract of land not yet surveyed, and found no spot of earth on which I would be per- mitted undisturbedly to make a settlement, without paying a larger sum of money than the government price of the land ; and yet there was not one family to ten quarter sections eligible for settlement. ‘Therefore, I advise no one to emigrate to Lowa un- til the next Congress shall have been in session. lowa, on the Missouri river, has been divid into nine counties ; and the of this river counties cannot be less than 6,000 square miles ; and yet, at a recent election for a cireuit judge, the whole vote was as follows :— For James Sloan (Mormon) For Christopner P. Brown (J For Christopher Burton... .. of only five s in a contested election, claim an area of government unsurveyed pe Semen | to six thousand square miles; and, t , Whole number of yotes cast . ‘Thus it is, a population with a without work themselves, (1 ale of claims fe pport) they prevent the land from be- ing ocew y those who would work and cultivate it. Hesce, here, where provisions grow in abun- by simply sowing and planting, and cattle ogs grow and fatten themselves on the natural mast, the cost of living to the stranger and tho mechanic is greater than in the cities of the Atlantic border. There are many persons in Western lowa who had sold out their ions in the eastern States, und emigrated to t etion of the country with a view to better their condition; but when arrived, they could make no settlement without p: i al to the cost of lands in other secti entirely beyond their means frayed the expenses of th tion of their families, and having sunk the means in getting here, they could not return, and , have been obliged to shelter themselves in nd become hirelings to the usurpers of tho dd there are now more renters on the unsur- veyed government land in lowa, than y partof the State of New York or Penosylvania, of the same extont, oxcluding the large ci There are also many persons engaged in laying out towns on the unsurveyed government land in eid and in selling the lots to ignorant people, of ich the grantors have no more title than had the cities of the world which he showed ; ones are whi the devil to unto oar Saviour from the Mount. ( also buying “ claims’ from the squatte ing prices varying from $500 to $2,000. nine counties of lowa, which border on the cast bank of the Missouri river, were put up at auction by the governmont at Washington, they would bring, as a body of land, at least $25 per acre; and the purchase would be a grand speculation at that ice. Yet the squatters tell the green ones who uy thoir claims, that they will got this cream land of the whole Union upon the payment of the mini- mum price of $1 25 por acre, to the public trea- sury. The lands of these eastern counties are also being much damaged by a spoliation of the timber, which has been carried on, since 1846, with perfect im- yeaty. Some portions age in the process of boing coinpletely denuded, and will thus be rendere: worthless for cultivation, whereby the public trea pon (be defrauded, and the poor people of the Union robbed of their riz‘atful places for homes and family shelters. Wherefore, Prwould suggost that these matters deserve the attention of the government at Washington, Respectfully yours, &e, ¥ Our Washington Correspondence. Wasuineton, May 24, 1851. The Mexican Claims Again—Suspension of Pay- ment to Messrs. Hargous §& Co., §c. The Secretary of the Treasury has suspended the payment of $404,000 ofthe awards to Louis L. Har- gous, the total amount of which was $602,632 29. The house of Hargous & Brother claimed before the Mexican Commission over three million of dol- lars. Of the claim allowed as good, Mr. Hargous received about balf the amount; the other portion being due to his partner, Mr. Voss, who is a foreign- er, w&s not, of course, recognized by the commission asaclaimto be paid by the United States. But although the board did not recognise the claim as | ,_Y our favors of the 6th and 27th of far us Mr. Voss was concerned, the government holds that Mr. Hargous must be responsible for the debts due by his partner to the United States, and | Boca del Monte, communicating the progress of the hence the suspension of, the above amount of | “ey up to that period. ‘This was fo be $404,000. It appears that the house of Hargous & Co. were appointed the agents to receive the instal- ments from Mexico, in cash, which were to be paid under the treaty of 1839 to the United States, for the benefit of the claimants, under the mixed com- mission. In 1845, Voss, as one of the house, gave the Mexican Secretary of the Treasury areeeipt for $280,000, the receipt stating that he bad received the money as an instalment, in con- formity with the terms of the treaty, en ¢fectivo, that is, in eash. Shortly after this, a change oc- cusred in the Mexican government, and hat he had received no value for the re- ceipt he had signed, and which had been a matter of aeeommodation, the money t ata future time by on the customs, &e. Mexican government, however, refused to reoog- nise any agreement, and produced the receipt, as evidence of the payment having been made in faith. ‘The result was, that this government lost the money; and Congress, in 1817, made the loss good to the claimants, by the issue of five per cent stock, fer the amount of their awards. tary of the Treasury has computed the loss, with | interest, at ¢404,000, and suspended that amount from the awards to Harg Switzerland—Hargous be! The United States stock issued to foreigners, during the week 1851, amounted to | $2,000; do., 1843, | coast. I will now speak of the railroad route. Our Prineeton Correspondence. Princeton, May 24, 1851. The Juggernaut Car of Barnum’s Menagerie Thrown into the Canal by the Students. I write you a short piece of news, which, perhaps, has not already reached you, and may be worth | grade of forty or fifty fect per mile can be carried recording, even in your celebrated Herald. Yoster- day, Barnum’s show and menagerie entered this town in grand entrée, led by the far-famed Car of | fifteen miles, the ground is easy or mo Juggernaut, which was left standing in frontof | broken. Through the Lomas de Xocl the house ofthe Vice President of Nassau Hall, and which, of course, was the subject of conversation among the students. At last it was agreed among them to take the vehicle to the canal and launch her upon its quiet waters, a twelve, they might be seen assembled around the ited in the centrefof the College cai a when the procession moved on, and in one hour they had brought the car upon the banks of the canal, and after sundry ground and lofty tumblings, it was launched iato its destined left to soothe its battered limbs with the cooling and magic waters of the Delay ‘rom daybreak this morn’ o’clock, the showmen were engaged in hauling it out, but it was found so much damaged that id not proceed to New Brunswick until the black- smith had applied the hammer to it; and the mana- ers say that another car will have to be procured. ‘hus was Barnum outdone fer once as only could be done by suchas the nop as the clock tolled element, and was le Princeton boys. R. M., Nassau Hall. Our Canadian Currespondence. ‘Toronto, May 21, 1851. The Opening of Parliament—The Governor General’s t in saying Speech—Huron and Ontario Railroad—The David- | that the means appropriated by the committee are ‘The opening of the Provincial Parliament, yes- terday afternoon, was a vapid affair. nor General proceeded to the legislative halls, with all the pageant of mimic royalty, escorted by a troop of dragoons, amidst the roaring of cannon, and encumbered throughout the whole route by gaping crowds; but the whole proceeding was, nevertheless, stale and unprofitable. relieved the dull monotony—not an expression that could indicate the presence of feeling, whether to- wards the Governor Cieneral personally, or to- oan be got across the Isthmus with such means in wards her of whom he is the accredited representa- The speech delivered by his excellency was, in the main, a dry epitome of events patent to all the world, the referenees to intended measures being He intimated that a mea- sure will be introduced for carrying out the recom- mendations sanctioned by Earl Cirey, in his recent despatch, with regard to the reduction of the civil list, and the transfer of military charges, &e increase in the parliamentary re; province is again recommende: principle to be acted upon does not appear. oes 80 far as to say that the territorial divisions of th and the country press is alr The only other recommendation made b; nd the echool and munici- anada, ‘ with the view of se- curing, in a more ample manner, for that section of the province, the benefits which these enactments few and unsatisfactory. esentation of the weeping alteration of rovince is intendod, blatant upon the his exeelleney, is to pal laws of Eastern ( The baldness of the speech has been generally re- marked upon by all who heard it, and is severely commented upon by this morning's papers—tory The most remarkable feature in the Legi Assembly was “ the second advent” of Wm. Lyoa . Sundry mad Orangemen had threatened to shoot him it he presumed to appear, and a modest ected; but he was allowed to walk in to proceed with the preparation of the missiles with which he is to anno; House. Before the half a dozen motions, and presented petitions on all Other members gave notice of motions to impose differential duties on United States produce, and to exact duties on all pine lo; exported hence to your side of the lakes—the o ject of the latter being to protect the pockets of the colonial lumber manufacturer. | Great preparations are going on for celebrating 1G her Majesty's birth-day, on Saturday, with unasuai In addition to ordinary modes of holiday- making, balloon is to ascend, and a grand display of fireworks to take place, both under the manage- ment of Dr. Naphogyi, the Hungarian exile A very important suit between the Corporation , of Montreal, touch- f the Toronto waterworks, of roprietor, has just resulted in a verdict against him, with $8,000 damages T have already apprised you of the embarrassment in which the Ontario, Simeoe, and Huron Railwa; Company have been’ placed, by tho absence of all public confidence in their undertaking, as manifest- ed inthe refusal of the citizens of seribe for the required amount of the stock the scheme from annihilation, a public meeting has , at which a committee was ap- be co anvass for subscribers; a de- g di etly made, however, to the effect that a change ia the direction is essential, be- fore one cent be handed over to the treasurer. I. J. Boulton, the president of the concern, is a po- liticiun whom nobody trusts; and M. Capre: projector, manager, and treasurer, is so ex opular that the meeting in question hi rom the platform. Three-fifths of the stock of the | lt n the hands of the contractors, Messrs. | ., of the Empire State, Oue of the reates propored for this railroad, runs | your salaries low ir to, a sottlement called Sharon, or Dividtown, composed of th what sing ular sect. son, & secedor frum the Societ; came here some from the State of all sides of the e gave notice of sorts of subjects. of Toronto aud Mr. bt been held in this e of Friends, who ith a few followers, ew York; and having establish- ec a sect of their own, became known as Davi: 1 ave erected two lar; Jewish temple—tl q and twenty-four ¢ this sa gallery for the inusici this again, ® tor large space enel losed by twelve pillars, on each of which is inscribed in gold letters the name of one Within these again, of the apostles. in like m@nner, with others, inseribes surround an out elaborate workman- — gifficult ots resembling a Chinese pa- in September this temple is brilliantly illuminated. 1 is the meeting house, which is sur tho on the outside by rows of pillars, and, gro respectfully inv in the interior, is ornamented in @ very fantastic ]]., in Macnuley's grea’ Of the peculiar tencts of these people, cannot speak; whatever the; hinder David, the high lowers, from the « | rysdom as boon manifested in the Suoioe oftose of vinoe. As yot, very few British immigrant pearance have cl come ow are bound fe the, Hluron din . Tne rorkgend tion via Quebec does not fairly commence until next month. A grand concert is to be given under the auspice? of the Ladies’ Branch of Anti-Slavery Society for the relief of colored refugees. ANGLO-AMERICAN. The Tehuantepee Expedition. Tho following letter appeared in the New Orleans Picayune of the 17th inst. :— Ex Barnio, Mexico, Apa 4, 1851. e' O 27th of March, are just received by the Al After my report of the I4sh January, and other letters from Chevela, I again addressed you from the latest date which would reach Minatitlan in time for the Alabama’s third trip. We were im daily expectation, for a month or more, and for this cause I wrote no further. 1 have now to state that the eurvey is nearly completed, as far as } consider necessary for pre~ sent , and that most satisfactory resulta have mn obtained. I will briefly communicate the results. Mr. Templo’s survey of the river shows that he considers it navigable, at all stages, as high as Su- chil, for light draught steamers, und to Sare- bia, or higher, during the rainy season. He hae been on the Pacific coast for a month, and tho he has not yet made the soundings, he bas no dow about the of water, and considers either the Ventosa or Salina Cruz available for a harbor, the lstien preteen. In fact, this coast may be con- sidered as practicable as many or most land-locked harbors on the Atlantic, for the and good | strong winds are from the north ph yagi eon against which, of course, the land affords provec~ tion; and though the surface of the water may be rough, and a strong surf breaks on the shore, yet nothing like » sea is raised, and steamers or ves. se's can lie in perfect safety. ‘The southerly or southeasterly winds, which occur-in certain periods oa the ground that | of the summer, are little more than squalls, and partner, and that by virtue of this | not at all daugerous. I do not think taandoalers partnership, he gave the receipt for the missing in- | absolutely mecessary, but eventually some ous are both natives of | me. i i ge usturalised. Ameri: | ments wowkl be made for landing and receiving passengers and goods with facility. In the com- mencement of the eatarerien, goed surf boats are | all that would be necessary. Ithink there can be no doubt about thé entire practicability of this From the Ventosa to the foot of the mountains we have level plains, offer a choice of routes, phe of stone and timber at hand, of the best qua~ ity, for the structure. The cost of this portiom (about thirty-five miles) will be very tition. The ascent ofthe mountains by the Masahua Pass hag now been surveyed, and the line run be- | yond the Sepehla, ‘Theses ia oruad tesa kas a | roan aay Sram difficulties are not ter than have been surmounted on roads in the United States; thence to the Lomas de Xochi: sed say fifteen miles, more difficulties again occur, but they are not extraordinary ; thence ten or twelve miles further to the Sarabia the ground is perfectly easy. Through the forest country, from aso de la Puerta, to the Jal , and thence aie to Jesistepec, some difficulties will be met with, but I fancy nothing serious. The survey has actually, at this moment, been extended from the foot pe ie a ee the a ir. Avery’s y is ex it towards Paso la eats anil the Arora William’s have just pes down to the og Ap towards Jesia~ tepec. All this will, I think, completed in @ month, and the parties ready to return by the mid- dle or latter part of May. As Mr. Avery has al- ready made a reconnoisance from Minatitlan to Je- aera and found the ground to offer no difficul- ties, ] do not consider an actual survey nooe: for present purposes, as the question is plain and the round easy. In addition, in my letter from Boom 1 Monte, I stated the expediency, in the first in- | stance, of commencing the line on the Jaltepec ‘Taking the whole extent of the road into consider- ation, the ground is remarkably easy, and timbor, stone, &c., are at hand in abundan nd the right of way (so serious anitem in the United States) will have cost little or nothing. No made at present, but [ think I am | ample. In relation to the lands connected with the | grant, I think it safe to say, a finer tract cannot be j fund’in the world. The Gover-| Animmense number of invaluable Reodetions ‘comprehending all, or almost all, the valuable uctions of tropical climates) can be raised with the greatest facility, while the forests abound with natural productions of great value. Throw in an enterprising population here, and the Isthmus would become the garden spot of the world. In relation to opening a travelling route, I think it is only necessary to establish steamers connect~ ing with the two coasts—a small steamer or steam- ers on the river—and the horse or mule transporta- tion across would soon be supplied. Passengers six or seven days from Minatitlan to the Pacific. | There are people on the Isthmus ready to estab- lish the land communication the moment the steam- ers ccmmence running, so that this part of the business will give the company no trouble. Im conclusion, there can be no exaggeration in saying that this is the route, and the one which will super- sede all others; and, leaving out of consideration the value of the route, the value of the lands, and the local wealth to be produced, would almost pay the building of the railroad, and be an immense contribution to the commerce of New Orleans. I believe, moreover, that no statement or estimate you have seen made as yet realizes the full value of this route and grant—it can scarcely be appre- ciated. I would say, too, that the people on the Isthmus are all friendly, to tho utmost degree, to the enterprise, and that large subseriptions of stock can be obtained by an authorized agent. | should mention that rich beds of iron ore exist here, and that indications of silver are apparent. Reports will be made on the subject ; a geologi- cal examination has been made, and such resear shes as could be made, with our means, into the natural productions of the Isthmus. I would mention, officially, that 1 am convinced that Mr. Trastour’s operations on the Pacific have been carried on with great zeal and energy, and under great disadvantages. Mr. Tomple states that his charts are excelient, and perfectly reliable. I feel it a duty to state th so much bas been cir- culated to his disadvanta, 1 think the eurveying parties will get through their work by the end of this month, and will pe ready for transportation at Minatitlan by the 1th May. ( i the funds now remaining available here, thers are about $7,500 still in Tehuantepec, $5,700 hore, and $3,000 still rewaining in \ era Cruz, say $16,200 in all, which will be, i think, sufficient to pay the expenses of the parties, an should think, two- thirds or three-fourths thi 1 am, very respectfully SARNARE Naval Reform. A good deal appears to be said upon this subject and tery little done. Evory one seams to be agreed . Brt. Major U. 5. A that some reform is necessary. The public press say y say the Secretary of the kes it the burden of his annual report; aad Con- gen thunder it out on the floor of Voagress. Why is nothing done! ‘Ten millions is no small sum to be tumbled out of the peopie’s pockets into a concern joka seems at least to be of doubtful Sasaten There may be many auswers to our question. One is very evident resybe » after talking @ great deal about the matter, obsequiously says to the diseased body, heal yourself, They appoint a Navy Board to settle the mattor—ihe board may d of the very men who aced reform vee—it is generally formed from one gi navy, most likely the very grade most inte- in perpetuating abuses and smothering re- forms. Monarchs may resign, but aristocracios never surrender their privileges. What wonder, then, that the ge ot ane dt psec ; exparte pleas for the perpetuation tive privileges of the members of the board. id that Mr. Kush, dining one day with the eccentric Jeremy Bontham, had a long conversation with him respecting the United States. “Kee * wid Mr. Bentham; “ it is one ws of your government. the eeerets of the suc this,” he ingaired, ‘“enlted the Board of Navy Commissioners!” I don't understand it.” Mr. Rush ined it te him. “I can’t say that I it,” repliod Mr. Bentham. “ The simplicity your public departments has hitherto been one of their recommendations; but a a if anythi oes WON, ou ow where to find the offeedorsy it was the board that did it, and L not one of the members; always the board, the 5 . board. % It is too late now for Congress and the Executive to put off their duties ag naval boards—the coun- try will not stand it. If a post office ret orm tariff reform, or a ery weasure is called for, is the matter entrusted to a board eee ded indi- juals, shut up in secret conclave, Sent * ‘The ary js no more complicated, no more understand, than these questions are. There will be no reform while navy boards are trusted the matter ; but let the press hoistshe bai if * Nava on will b d to read the history t work, and learn that where rwer push individual those strong in place and they donot sriviloges and aristocratic prerogatives against est, or his devoted fol- Mee times the times walk coolly ever the whole generous tality (> — gengorn, A few words more at aaother sans. however heretical. , Ce a