The New York Herald Newspaper, April 6, 1851, Page 1

THENEW YORK HERALD. WHOLE NO. 6740. THE NEGRO EXCITEMENT IN BOSTON. EXAMINATION OF THE ALLEGED FUGITIVE. weer Further Postponement of the Case. ‘The Mitary Ordered Out to Preserve Peace, &e., de. [From the Boston Bee, April 5, The examination of Simms, the fugltive ve. arrested -On Thursday evening, was brought fore United States Commissioner Hallett. yesterday morning. Seth J. Thomas, Feq.. peared for the claimant of the slave. ©. G. Loring and Robert Rantoul, Jr, and J. K. Sewall. Eaqs., for Simms. Mr. Thomas proposed to put in papers to identify the claimant. Me, Sewall asked for postponement of the examination, for the spate of looking into the papers and points of law in the matter. Mr. Thomas contended that there was not the shadow of a doubt as to the prisoner being a slave. Mr. Rantoul thought a delay should be nted, as no ‘time bad been allowed to examine into the case, He Shad just been called out of his office, and had not heard . = concerning the matter until within a few mo- ments. Commissioner Curtis was satisfied that it was best to ‘bear wll such cases an once. This did not on haste in the premises. bey Hd were expensive to claimants, and all due despateh should be used. It had boen sug- ested, und the presuimytion was, that the prisoner was under the law of Massachusetts, but not under that Of the United States, He was of opinion.under the cir- cumstances, that the papers should be heard. Mr. Thomas now read certain papers in_ proof identity of the er. Thomas Simms. The documents G endorsed in due manner, by the proper authorities ‘had ve a yery minute description of Simms. orga. By those papers it was shown that Simms often said he was a slave of the claimant. These * Mr. Potter, Chatham count; Georgia, is -claimant. thas Ed. Barnett called--I know the prisoner; I have ‘known him for the last ten months; know his name to be Simms; have known ‘him in Savannah, ‘Georgin worked on the same seaffold with him ; wi wae with him last August and September; worked at ing; I asked him if he was free or a slave, told me ho was a slave. that he belonged to James Potter, a rice planter ; Potter lives 12 miles from Savan- nah, in Chathan county ; I know his mother and sister ; they told me they wer? slaves, and were owned by er, be insel here objeted to ubis testimony, on th ad that it was irrelevant Kuasnameaaty ke t riled that if no legul objection Curtiy Whi coms proces? Thomas wished to show that Simms's wages had been paid over to his mother, as egent for claimant. Mr. Loring contended that it would be necessary to ‘call the mother to show this point. “Testhnony reeumed—Sinims said this woman was his mother; sald he was a stave. and had to pay wages, so ‘Btuch a month; I did not ree him pay the wages; paid $10 amonth. I way in Savaunsh one week ago to-day; [ saw the prisoner in Savannah within three months, I have had po convereation with him since L arrived in Iknow Mr. Potter personally; do not kaow his signature. Sa NV. Bacon called.—1 know the prisoner perfectly well; Tknew him at service in Savannah; last saw hina in Savannah the 20th F¢bruary; he was held as a slave: Thave seen his moth+r take hix wages; have known hi for ten years; he lived port of this time with his mother in Suyannah. Lreside n Savannah; reside within sixty ‘or keventy yards of the prisoner; have seen him from three torix times aday. ce uld not sa ‘dtively that [ Shad conversation with him about his being a slave. Mr. Potter is his master he required Simms's wages to be handed to his mother. ns left Savannah 22d Febru- ary; do not know certa’ had no personal Knowledge of his dep ~ us » off i [A power of af here shown the witness, who identified it as the sig): ore of James Potter.) Resi Yom the attorney num» the pap | about between Potter and d in the power of attorney. cviews between claimant and accounted; it was six or eight when wages were tar soner; um the person ms Have been present at) Prisoner when wages months ago. ‘The Court tee? nov tponement of exan, Mr. Sewall desired Mr. Thomas objecten Parties, av had been suy to unneeessary and g- the identisy of Simm and secoud by compe: Mr. Kenton! said to it ee Be Xia as rE Cine Wo peep wink ange the conse of the ease, which bad never been yet. fully arg carefully to examine the testimony essary #0 to examine .¢ question of prope addition ty to hear counsel concerning a. ty till Tuesday next. long a postponement. The ved by the court, would be put xpense, He contended that showa, first by papers, “0a. se was a novel one, and a moment. He wished ‘aed it was ne- Althongh it might be ouly x a to this it mighs svolve personal liberty. As to pense, it Was med great . WkrGourt stated then <pocific points had been pre- erty. ye: time should be required —no facts had been named how. Me therefore thought sufficient postponement f persons coult in the e case, state what their de- sented Ly the defend. which they intended . hours wer | Yy ’ } fence would be The Court did not « a that the case could be ar- ed to-morrow, but i).0' the counsel could state what pointe of defence they ‘uiendedto make. If Meieat Feasons were then sh wu further postponement would nted. Pee Court was then aajvurned to this morning, at 10 o'clock ‘The following is the warrant npon which Simms was arrested — ‘wren States oF Asteria, ) csenvserrs Disre ct of Massachusett = 5 1 either of To the Marshal of our Ls her Deputies. greeti Tn the meme of the Presid Americas, you are hereby bend Themas Shame, u © ou ged to be in your district colored person, charged with being a fugitive frou se vice in the State of Geo. (if he may be found in ¥ inets,) and have h pwith bofwre me, one ¢ ra of the cew court of the United Stw wild district, at (us court house In Boston, in the sve to anawer to the eomplyint ety of Savannah, in the State y of James Potter, of the aforesaid, alleging und owes service or labor to © of Georgia Hl of the anid Th: Sinn ul there before anv to be dealt of the Tnited States of manded forthwith to appre- ar the agen county of Chatham. cath that the said ‘the said Potter, praying for the the raid Irotter, am jth according to law W ileteot tail bot, and wicke due return of this weit, with Your doings thereon, bet .. me Witness my hand aid coal at Boston aforesaid, this third dey of April, in La: your one thowsand eight hua- dred and fifty-one. UEOKGE T. CURTIS, Commirrion of the Cireait Court of the United ¢ ia. for Massachusetts District Sraves or Awe Pursuant hereunto. 4 ‘Thomas Simms, and pow sioner within mamed fr + i A trae copy, Attest, Faepenr Us [From the £ We understand that tobe on hand, this ever iS tysltved enters : with ball cartridges Am a’ ks. to teseue the slave pered abont the Court Gay but we trust that that game SUNDAY MORNING, APRIL 6, 1851. hibiting the transportation of persons given uj a tug: wes without due process of law. It i laid oper ay. Both houses decided not to sit on Mond: the day for various fon meetings, peresiat bait ‘a petition was presented from Sim! fugitive ‘lave, that some person might, be empowered to ixsuc & writ of habeas corpus, 80. as to test the legality of his retention, The petition was laid on the table, Friday next was assigned for the consideration of Mr, Buckingham’s bill for impeding the operation of the fu gitive slave law, Arrangements in New York for the Reception of the Slave, The Marchal of the State of New York reecived a com- munication yesterday, from the Marshal of Boston, ro- questing that he and his aids would be in readiness to assist in the safe transmission of the slave (Simms) on his route through this city to Savannah, Chureh History. TUE LECTURE OF THE REV. A. M. WRIGHT. On Friday evening, Rev A. I, Wright delivered his firet lecture on church history, from the Lutheran refor- mation to the present time, at Knickerbocker Hull, cor- ner of Eighth avenue and Twenty-third street. The subject was the state of Christianity at the era of the Lutheran Reformation. There was but avery sim at- tendance, Ecclesiastical history, he suid, is generally considered an unpopular subject, principally because it requires ® vast amount of historical research, und there- fore is but little understood. There never has been any more than two systems of religion—the one is true, the other false, There are, however, many forms of reli- gion; but they can all be traced to the same origin. In order to understand this fully, it iv necessary to go back to the history of religion as it existed before the incaran- tion of Christ. ‘The first pure system of religion, and the most ancient, is that of the Hindoos. The origin of their religion is contained in four books, which are still extant, and which are regarded a8 their sacred scriptures. Thoir ideas in regard to the Supreme Being, are sometimes cor- reet. They hold the doctrine of the trinity—Brama be- ing the first, Vishnoo the second; and Siva the third per- son of the trinity. Brama is regarded as the crcator of the world, Vishnoo as the preserver or redeemer, and Si- va as the destroyer. They hold the doctrine of’ immor- | tality in the most extensive sense imaginable, attribut- ing immortality not only to man, but to the whole ani- mated and inanimated creation. With regard to si they maintain that all matter is essentially evil, and all spiritual necessarily good. They are divided into four castes—the Braming or the priestathe soldiers the agricul- turists, and the servants. Asceticism or seelusion from the world, ix as holy, because it is intended to bring the metter under the subjection of the spirit. In order to be virtuous, they say we must exclude ourselves entirely from the society of our fellow men. Asevticism | ix practised on a very extensive scale, and with che ut- | most rigor, by the Hindoos. Here he enumerated the va- | rivus degrecs of ascetéc life gone through by them. | Arceticisin, he continued, is therefore of no mo- | dern date—it existed four thousand five hun- INTERESTING FROM MEXICO. AARARAAARARAAANA, ‘The New President of Mexicoand his Cabinet —The Character of the Men—Im,ortant Reforms, &e. OUR MEXICAN CORRESPONDENCE. Crry or Mexico, March 4, 1851/ Agreeably to my promise, I will now give you a brief notice of some of the most prominent of the public men of this country. General Don Mariano Arista is Prosident of the republic, recently elected. He had several compe- titors in the election. He holds his office four years. Amongst them was Don L. de la Rosa, the Mi- nister of this country to the United States. General Arista is about forty-eight years old, and was born at San Louis Potosi. His father was a merchant of respectability, intelligence and wealth, originally from one of the Basque provinees, in Spain, but settled in Mexico in early life, and married a Mexi- can lady of one of the first families of the country. President Arista commenced his career as a military cadet, and was educated principally at Vera Cruz, for military life. In 1883, in consequence of his be- ing active in a pronwnciamento, he was compelled by Gomez Farias to expatriate himself tempo- rarily; and he went to the United States, where ho staid some four or five years. During part of the term of his sojourn in the United States, he sup- ported himself as a tinner in Cincinnati, Ohio, his pecuniary circumstances being much depressed, and his family in Mexico requiring all-his means there. Upon the election of his friend, Goneral Bus- tamente, as President, he returned to Mexico, and was forthwith appointed, in 1837, Inspector General of the active militia of the republic. He was sub- sequently despatched to the Rio Grande country, as the commanding General of the Northern Division of the army, whieh place he held without intermis- sion till Santa Anna displaced him, and put Ampudia in his stead, though he was restored just before the battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma. Had General Arista’s sagacious and patriotic advice been heeded by the Mexican government, or had the ad- ministration then in power in the United States, or the officers of the United States army in Texas, lis- tened to his just counsels, and met his wishes, there would not have been any war between the two coun- tries, and all their differences would have been ami- eably ndjusted, and upon just and honorable terms. His courage, moral and physical, is of the highest dred years ago. With regard to death, their ideas are various, When an individual dics, if he has been good during life by the most det Fcud imaginable; and if evil, by a glcomy and frightfal | way, to the other world. The good and the evil, how- ever, ultimately enter into the same territory, over which | the god Hinoo presides, He is represented as an indivi- | dual of enormous dimensions, belug two hundred and forty miles in length. He is considered as the oniy judge of their actions, who accordingly punishes or rewards. A transmigration in regard to heaven, and their final punishment, was their great doctrine, whieh proceeded entirely from their notions of immortali- ty. When an evil man appeared before Minoo, he was sent back into the world for the space of a year, with a worse body than he re, und if, at the end of this time, he mad ccived another body. until he passed throu mineral creation, If but «till @ worse one, ani so on, | ‘a the whole animal, vegetable and | had become virtuous during his first year of punishment, he was permitted to pass on to heaven, which also consisted in a transmigration frou an inferior toa superior nature, until the final absorp- tion in the great Hrahma himself. ‘Their hell was no- | thing else than the punishinent inflicted by Hinoo, which , invariably Insted for one year, with the exception of the | crime of sacrelege, the punishment attached to which | was living in burning metal for three and a half millions | of years. Their hexven was deification, by their being | finally absorbed in the god Brahma, A collateral br of Brabiniam is the system of Boodhisin. whieh natu springs from the former, Every important doctrine by the Boodhists was also held by the Bralimists. Ev ry pt | element of jon in China, Pervia, Chaldea, Egy; wend Greece can raced back to the ancient rystem of Drahmista. In order, however, to umdersiand Use religion of Greece, we must be acquainted with the writ ings of her statesmen and philosophers. Hore he enu- merated the religious doctrines of Orpheus, of Pythago- ras, Vato, and of the stoic philosophers, which show they have their origin from the system of the Brahmists, Hie ‘olwo enumerated the four religious sects ainong tho Jews, Such, then, was the great system of religion that existed at the period of the incarnation of Christ. His religion struck at the fundamental doctrines of the | Urelimas. But scveral practices nly that of axceticiam seri e hermits, from St. Antony down to the Ki when one solitary monk arose and declared ficieney of the justitieation in faith, aud the corporeal chastisement ) Religious Intellige SRRMONS TO-DAY. Stuyvesant Institute, Broadway—Rev. T. Lb, Iarris, morning New Jerusalem Church, Eighth street—Rev. Dr. Brown, evening Presbyterian Church, Houston street—Rev. Dr. Hut- ton, evening Rev, Matson Meier Smith, of New York, receatly of Ovid, N. ¥., bas received a call from the Harvard Cona- gregational Church, in Brookline, Mass. Rey. A. L. Brooks, Inte of Corning, was installed pastor of the Firet Presbyterian Church in Albion, N. ¥., on the Isth wlt., by the Presbytery of Niagara. Sermoa by Kev. J, B, Shaw, of Rochwstor A new Sanctuary was recently dedie N.Y., under the Past f Fathe knuwn—having been over that church for forty-t yeurs; # fine example of stability io that relation, worthy “olden tine rf, a hi ‘The edifice erected by the First Presbyterian Chusch + Y., is nesrly finished, and will be one of the noblest #tructures in that sect the cvuntry. has rosigued the rect orship a, and accepted a call to St Ohio. ‘ke has resigned the rec yoomiing ¢ take charge of a fem ‘The Rev. Thomas P. Ty! cf Trinity Chureh, Feedu Paul's Church, Columba The Rev. Willian J. Ch ip of Christ Church, cha Nash has resigned th Peter's Church, Pheenixvilte, Chester e¢ ed # call to the reetorstly Andrew's Chui Wert Vincent, and St. Mary's, Warwick Rev, Williom D. fort iecrgia, to Juckso Rev. Henry Sansom. f 4 removed from 38t Wille, Florida. late missionary at San become the reetor of Trinity Ub rison county, Texas Rev. J. M. Prost bas entered upon. his labors as pastor of the Baptist Chareh at Mayelick. Ky Rey. J. W. Warder has acerpted ville Reptiet Church. Ky. end will in that place the first Sabbath in April ‘The Baptiet Church in Brookfield, If it is, there will be ao y authorities We are te cof ts determined to pat hings through thie tin —and his call upon the mili tary, let us assure him © iu recetve a prompt response eof the members ft our volunteer military compa- ‘ies are as much oppor d o slavery, as the mort rabid abolitioni#t among t. thank God ! there is not a man omeng them all stands ready, at a moment's ‘warning. to shoulder b w ket, and, If need be, to fire @ ball cart- ridge, in a aw and order. t bu BY TEL KGRAPH Hosrox, April 5, 1851 The examination int case of the fugitive slave Simins was contiived ‘5! morning before the Commis. ficner The enptain, mate. « €. Gilmore, were exan Bavanoeh for Boston Bimme on the wharf a) Seven Ing; that he ark he for a situation, and was refused; thot when off Boston light the prisoner was fouud by the mate hid in the forecastle; that he was confined in ce vessel by the captain while in the harbor, but managed to escape on shore at South Boston. by forcing the i_ek of the cabin, and stealing the brig’s bont; that he toi chem he eame on board the at Savannah the njit before they sailed is closed the evidewe. for the elaimant Counsel fer the defenee then announced that ghey had no evidence to offer, An affidavit of the fugitive was read, steting iat bis freedom was purchased by his father when he war five months old—that his free Papers are now in the possession of Morris Porter, of Sa- mnah. an it he desir lay to obtain them—that « sailor, of the brig M. and J 4 and teetified that they left ) 2d February; that they saw hb, a few days before sail. never heard of James totter, the alleged master, un- til yesterday morning r? notice was taken ¢f (his paper. Rantoul then ancounced that he designed to the constitutionnlicy of ihis law. ag to the right of « Gearmiestoner 10 eit uy rn this case, trial by jury, &e., and asked a postponement aotil Thareday ‘The Court would only grant till Monday At gt o'ctoek, when the argument wili be heard The city romains quiet; but at crowd is collected sbowt the court house No vicience hae been manifested ¥ Tn the Hone of Representatives, to-day, an order was Offered by Mr. Karle, of Worcester, in reference to pro- Y...and that at Mead's Creek, Steuben eouaty, (rw P. 0.) N. Y., are destitute of pastors Rev. George M. Spratt. of Fairport, Chem N. Y., enters upon his duties es agent of th nia Baptist Education Society during the prosent me Rev. John Seage, late minister of the Methodist per- funsion. and recently baptized by Rev, Mr. Maldwia ‘Troy. has accepted the exil of the Baptist euch at Cs mel, Putnam county, N.Y Dr. Cramp, formerly of Montreal. hae accepted the Presidency of Acadia college, Nova Scotia. Rev. J. G. Stearns wilt soon close his Inbors with the | chureb at Reed's Corners, Ontario county, N.Y Madtvon Unive ol, has offered himself to the Board of the Missionary Union as a candidate for the Rev. Lewis Smith, of Hatboro’, Pa, has ace *ppointment of the Baptist Home Mis tanta Fe, New Mexico. Vincent church, and accepted an invitation to the pas- u 4” of the Glen Run chureh, Varksburg. Chester coun iy. Pe The Rev. Thomas Roberts has resigned his charg: Hc imesburg, Pa.. and removed to Mooresville, Monmouth county, Nod. Kev. Hubbell Loomis, formerly a Presbyterian minister of high standing. has united with the Baptist church at Upper Alton, Mi ¥. 0. Williams, pastor of the Baptist church in Painesville, Lake county, Ohio, is about to close hie lv bor with that eburch Mr. J. 8. Read was ordained to the work of the minis- try at Vernon, Ohio, on the Lith of February The new edifice of the Baptist church at Bast Harring. ton, Me. was dedicated to the service and worship of God on Thursday, the 20th vit, The howee reeently erected Gloucester, Mass, was publicly the 19th ult. the Baptist church in jicated on Wednesday. Cadets at Large appointed by the President. Sons 4 Officers who were killed or died in Service— Francis L. Vevrox, W. TH. Pewnose, J. HH. Mrs, Wo. B. Nowtann, Cras. BL Warsow, Sons of. ere now in Sercice—R. TD. Scnvves, F. L. Cros, A OussNonaM vom Civil Life —dastes A. Wrugrorn, N. . Powens. District of Columbia. —Kow san Wo Waves, Rodman, | i Madison county, N. | Mr. W. 8. Biddle, of the senior Theological clave at | ‘The Rev, Allen G. Hyres has resigned his charge of the | | n order. General Arista possesses the most sterling quali- ties of the head and of the heart. A truer republi- can patriot, and one more wholly unselfish, does not live. Had he pursued the example of other mili- tary and civil chiefs of this country, (and some of. our own, also, cece sigmum the Galphinites) he could have been rich; but he preferred honesty to wealth, and consequently remains compara ly poor. His principal estate is a beautiful and highly improved hacienda near Monterey, well known to those who | were with Gen. Taylor at the surrender of that city by Ampudia. Geueral A. is, beyond all question, the hest man that could have been selected for the chief magistracy of Mexico at this Ile is not eminent ag a literary man, and he makes no false pretensions. In this respect, he is unlike some of our would-be great men in the United States, who fancy themselves to be great dabsters with the pen— “natural born” authors, orators, and writers; and who are eternally making fools of themselves | by seribling long and ridiculous epistles, with their names at the end, whenever they have cither a good or a bad exeuse for appearing in print. Gen. Aris- ta has a fund of good sense, of the kind our western country people call “ hard horse sense,” and what in England is styled “practizal wisdom,” equal to any manon the continent of North America. Ho’ | is in this respect greatly like General Jackson. He | isa demoe and as completely progressive as could be desired by any reasonable democrat ia the United States. Ile is no “ismite,” no transeen- dentalist or socialist—but a practical utilitarian. His residence in the United States enlighteaed his and witha strong and abiding love for his tive country, he has devoted himself to the ob- ject of improving and clevating her in the scale of nations. General Arista was Minister of War under the last administration, and ex-officio President of the Society of Statistics and Geography of Mexico, and | While in office devoted himself to the procurement of a full and perfect geographical and topographical sur- vey of all the different riets of the country, aad the condensation of the same into a capacious map of the republic, and the making of an atlas of about sixty smaller maps of the different States, &e., »tlearn, have all been sent to the Unied States to be engraved and published.* jeneral Arista will, it is bel istration, some months sinve, des- ily respectable aud intelligent gentle- rity to the United States, pfs ed of obtaining information and details as to + tadry mat- | ters important to know in effecting such reforms. | Among the subjects upon which information will be uglt by the gentleman referred to, are as to the ul by jury, and the different regulations in relation t States of the Union. The tri sot | tri to it, in the differe: by jury has never been introduced here. introduced, it must be with modificatic as jurymen the bett sare cliigent enough to act in either The penitentia ing conv stem, and the mode of emplo t labor in the United States, is ano Ja thi 4 past, t A vagabonds oath, and put in the © ni and from thence sent to the army, and forced to become soldiers. This deleterious practice will be changed for the employment of the vaga- bond al offences, in working for th or in com- public w ntry in w . or other p away from the section of the ¢ may be arre q unicipal poli of the cities qfthe United | States is another subject of examination. It is to | be hoped that the gentleman employed will not se leet your city as the ‘model city” in this respect From what | have seen since | have been in t ntry, | do not think there is a town in this re in which, for every consideration that should weight, greater reform and retrenchment is needed than in your city. T ple of the city of Now York do not know how poor a show they incomparison with other cities in the United States, or even in this republic, in every particular consti- tuting a good city government. The manicipsl city governments bere, are iy better—are more t—have less corruption—have less lazi- hess, lees extravaganee, and vastly lese pretence humbug. it will doubtles# surprise you and \ other of my hamite friends, tohear me say this f my old residence; but it is the hon tial trath. Nor is there in Mexico, anything like the vice and licentiousness, i . that there is in New York; and with judi against the ind to | eny t h of their duties—exhibit practices! piety and th dinal Christian virtues equal, at least, to clergy of any part of the United States I have visit- ed, But more of thie hereafter. _ The post office system of the Uni also be examined and reported upon te * We noticed this magnificent map and atlas» few days ago. At the Inet meeting of the New York Histori enl Seciety, upon the invitation of librarian of the | scelety, Mr. Souren, of M who has them in change | eubmitted them to the inspection of the society at it+ roems in the University Me. 8. was accompanied by his friend, B. K, Green, Baq., who aided to interpret between him and the scelety. Upon the invitation of the Chair man, the Hon. Luther Bradich, Mr. §. explained the man- ner in which the work was projected and carried on. and gave the chief credit to General Almonte, formerly Minis- ter of War. to Don Santiago Blanco. Viee-Presilent of the Society of Statisties and Geograp’y in Mexico, and to President Arista, while Minister of War We prestme Mr. Source ie the gentlemen ailuted to by our cortes. a ~ baving been gong to United States —( Gr, PRALD | wd States will his govern- PRICE TWO CENTS, SS ment. As to this, also, Iam strongly inclined to think the Mexican government could find a system less bungling, less eoreeyh, Aad more practically be- neftcial to t! poke: tl our post office depart- ment, the way it is administered, and, I fear, will continue to be as long as it is the interest of poli- ticians to have engines for political partiality and favoritism. On my way South and West, to this country, I travelled through sections of the country where all parties and classes joinedin denouncing the mails as public nuisances. ‘It seems the frontier States, and those s] ly populated azo little cared fe dilly provided with mails and t offices. 2é why” They have few votes! I do not tltink President Arista will copy much of our post ofiice system. Seronded as the President will be, by the ablest cabinet that Mexico has ever had, his prospects of uceesé are hi favoreble. Giencral Arista’s cabinet ave them young men, not one of them yed forty years of age, and, of course, totally unconnected with any of the old factions and cliques of the repiblie, in the struggles for power here. . . of Finance. Mr. E. 13 not over thirty years of age. | | here, and the eler, This is an impor consideration. We could discharge some of owy old’ pr with advantage from executive offices. Aill of the present cabinet here are of the most-taleated'and properly ambitious young men of the country,, ed the moderados— what in the United States would be called pro gressive democrats—and hove, also, shown them» selves, thus far, fo be as unselfish and patriotic as is their illustrious leader and chief. The first is Colsnel Don Manuel Robbles, 3 nister of War awd Marine. He is descended’ from one of the moat respectable families of Gua- najuato, originally Spanish. Hits age is not over thirty-two. Ile was edaeated at the College of Minerals, in this city, as-an engineer; had con- trol of the railroad at Vera Crugy and was distin- guished for his gallantry at-Vera-Crua. Colonel R. is wealthy, being largely imterested. in the fumous rich mine of Lu Luz. He is a gentleman of great ability and information; a practical man, of the go- ahead school; of decided firmness and will. Cool, sagacious, und decided, and of unsullied integrity, e will do much good for his country. The next is Don Mariano Yanez, Minister of Foreign Relations. ‘This gentleman is about thir- ty-one years of age, of a highly respectable family and iv 4 lawyer by profession. He was deputy in caer’ pe hehe ished for his: defence of ‘the icy of the mederados, or progressive conservative republicans of Mexico. Ee caved under the ad- ministrations of Santa Anna, though a mere youth, and was bold and independent in his opposition to some of the schemes of that ambitious, selfish, and treaeherous nan, He is an able writer, and’ pro- foundly versed in national law, anda . Clears headed, honest and patriotic man, British government will not, under his direction.of the De- partment of Foreign Affairs, have, as heretofore it as had, the chief control of the policy of Mexico, and be able to mould it to subserve British selfish- ness and British cupidity. Hitherto: Mexico has been a pigeon for british bankers and. brokers to luck without feeling. This will not be under rista, at the hazard of a quarrel with John Bull, if the United States does its duty. ‘The third is Don Jose Ignacio Esteva, Minister frm, ‘Dhe He is descended from an old Spanish: family of Vera Cruz. He is a lawyer. His father was a merehant, and was Minister of Finance from 1324 to M24. J} need say nothing more of his ability than that he is called the Robert J. Walker of Mexico, Of unquestioned probity and honor, and an independent man, with a far-seeing and capacious mind, he will do much to promote the prosperity of his country. He will, 1 doubt not, soon see the true policy of Mexico is to abolish all export duties, and to lessen all the import duties to a scale the maximum of which will not exeeed thirty per cent, and to adopt the ad valorem system. More will ba saved by the decrease of smuggling than will be lost by the decrease of dut ‘The export duties on should be first a ished. It would imereuse the | product of the mines, and extend Mexican com- | merce 100 per cent. | The United States should not let Rngland get | ahead of us in a commercial treaty of the most | Jiberal character, and of mutual advantage to bot nations, ‘The next is M. Aguirre, the Minister of Justice, This obliged him to abandon the Department of ance, and he is now going on a secret mission of reat importance, to the nited States and England. Je is one of the staunchest friends of the present administration. I will in m:; next give not room or time to do now. If I have done injus- tice to some whe rank equal to those I have named, though not noticed by me, I shall hasten to remedy it. I may also give a profile view of some of the 's of other cotmtries here. | f will, as yet, aay nothing to the dispwragement of our Minister or Secretary of Legation t9 this country, or of our con- sular agents ; but care sould be taken to send our very first and ablest men here. I am persuaded it is the most important mission our I may hereafter give the reason for this opinion. respects Mexico, in all things. I may give a few hints in good time on this point. Manaarran. Additional Particulars of the Tragzdy at Socorro, Texaw THE MEXICAN BOUNDARY COMMISSION, ETT. {From the New Orleans Picayune Correspondence. Soconno, Ex. Paso County, Texas, Feb. 16, 1851 Circumstances have transpired at this place withintthe last three weeks, well calculated to attragt the uttention of the people of the United States, and am it is all-impor- tant that fete shoukl he known, if possibly; before wrong” impressions reeefve additional ‘support from tlying avd contradictory ramora, [ have undertakea a’ faithful sketch of thingy aa they have presented thermpelves. | Be- fore entering into part! toinform you, thut this Soeorro is situated wSout fifteen miles from El Paso del Norte proper, about two miles from Isleta, which Nes between, and six milevfrom San ziver, and is ocoupied-by United States troops, During the year last past, several trains of Cekifornia and elkewhere bnve passed through t! lages, in many instances stopping for weeks, availing theawelvs of the conveniences presented for nesessar; repuirs and the recruiting of animals, that with all these tratny then are more or less .tedivi- duals of doubtful character, and frequently a number of from justice, who, offering themselves as cooks, amis or ani oupation, and for such a triffing cempensation +t proper inquiry having been made about their standing and character. The discharging: 96 different periodo-of tb lnge a set of ruffians. who, bya daily inerease of numbe had become so formidable, that at lit the life of no ps son Whatever Was considered safe beyoud the walls of hin lowing will show. ‘The first check given to this band of thieves and murderers, was the arriva States and Mexican boundary commistion which, for the better resources this at Socorro, The presence of » body of wel armed, well dis spirited young men, tended to make: these fellows hide t the members of the commission were together, but du- | different parties and in various directions. Aa the num- tame ratio was lost the pease and 4 until, at last, but ten or eleven reliable mew could be found to muster for a combined defence, aud our neigh- borhocd presented an appearance more of the infernal regions than cf aplace where human and civilized beings were known to dwell. Houses were opened for the rtainment of all, and fer the indulgenee of every wus passion a wicked imagination might suggest ch midnight hour heralded: new scenes, aud oftentimes blocdy ones, for the fast filling record of erime; each | mcrning’s sun, though rising beautiful and bright. could | | hearts of the trembling Mexicans. as they listened to the recital of seme fresh and bloody decd, then.hastened to pack their little store of worldly wenlth. and with wives, children, all, fled quickly from ihe rapidly depopulating Village. in | treaty Property and interests of Mexicans falling on this side ofthe Rio Grande, shall be protected ax that of any | other citizen of the United States ‘Thus were thing: tice of those who had power, gw the desperate gang surroun night afforded not suffiaient ime for them; their evil | acts are thrust without fear or shaine in the very face of the noonday sun, None dared stir from: home without being doubly armed, and prepared to. use their weapons at a moment's warning: for the turning of a corner had | an accomplished lawyer from Saltillo, whose exe tions will be directed to the reform of the judicial system of Mexico, and whose sound practical judg ment fustides the prediction that he will be suecess- ful. J have understood that he is one of the mos! zealous advocates of the introduction of the trial by jury, and denies to the common law of England the origin of this great palladium of popular rights and of justice, and claims it for the civil law. Certainly, in the practice of the Roman judges (the Tribunes and Prwetors), in cases where there was a conflic: in the testimony of witnesses, to eal upon the by- standers to decide as to the credibility, looks some- what akin to a pel trial. | Among the leading public men of the republic | may be named Gomer F arias, whose past career has been of renown. He is a Senator, and though for- merly opposed to Arista, is now his friend. Mr, F. has held some of the highest offices in Mexico. Ie is now upwards of seventy years of age, and has an enviable reputation and great influence. | Colonel Don Miguel Ascarate is Governor of the | District of Mexico. He is one of the ablest lawyers and statesmen of the republic, and his father was distinguished for the part he took in the revolution i ndence. He is about fifty years of age. riend of the President, and is noted for ais | humanity during the prevalence of the cholera, and for a life of probity. Don Juan Mujica y Osorio, aged about thirty-two, is Governor of Puebla, and is the fi and merchant of that city, He is the son of cayon merchant of high mending and respectability, Like wil the Spaniards from the Basque provi f *pain, he was a thorough republican, and im- hose principles into the mind of his son. ing)y exemplified in Mexico, i# the long- abiding influences of free institutions amongst w ple, by the fact that every Mexican whose «1- ry Was from the free aad, indeed, quasi repub- hores of the Bay of Biseay, has Mr. Mujica is wealthy. “3 of Puebla He is a gentlemnanof distinguished for his He has done more to ¢ than any other officer been true to liberty luntarily advanced $200,000 to the State ¢ ata time of great emergency. great honor and ability, rigid justice as a magistrate. tree the highways from robb: of the republic. He is and hot r the new i is a decided friend of would resist him if he acts Ton Manuel Pedraza is about sixty years of age Ile is a fri poral Arista, was born at (lue- retaro, and has ev inguished and firm | sepublican, and, notwithstanding his age, is de- cidedly progre Ile is the same gentleman who negotiated the Tehuantepec treaty, and is now has been Pre the repnblic, The monarehical party i him poll- al their per- | by birth nd is highly esteen tically, banker, and an Lle is noted for his benevolence. ings in this « Un the ce donin ir posnessi M. nm gave to them and aided them in getting liberal donations. Ail parties unite in respect n decided friend of the new admiuistra- ton, The Chief Justice of Mexico is named Morales, and is a lawyer of great learning, abilities, and withal, a great wit. He is the author of an ab! omusing satirical work enll or the “ Pythagorian Co popular book is generally give spoak- ing of him. Ife is universal worth and learning. Ie sustains the new order of things here. Den Mariano Riva Palacios, Governor of the State of Mexico, is a lawyer of emin nd there is a premise of prosperity under his administration. Ile is a progressive democrat. Ile married & deughter of General Guerrero, former President, and is an able supporter of President Arista Don Santiago Blanco, Vice-President of t clety of vtraphy and Statistics, y by birth, about 40° years of age, a man of great in- dustry, and labors to promote his views as to the welfare of his country, but he isa ‘* Santanista,” ond inclined to “ monarchism.” Fut of all the young men of this country [ am best plensed with, is Manuel Payno, the ex-Ministor of finance. He is not over thirty years old, and pos- sesses talents of the very first order, elegant man- ners, and a sound and accomplished education. Ho Mexican by birth, and ancestry of a race distinguiched for the qualities that constitute true nobility. Brave, generous, patriotic, and just, he bas no eneimies. fi: is the son of an old and faith- ful officer of the treasury, distinguished for a career of unblemished purity. _M. Payno, the younger, is the suthor of several cesays on political economy and on literary subjects, and although EF hen 4 stands at the head of the literary men of Mexico. Like cur own Prescott, he basa disewse of the cyes. called the “ornament | i respected for bis | Drought some immediately to the muszles of a dozea | | pistols, You will naturally inquire, “Where were the au | therities °° You rhall learn from the sequel of this, | On Tuerday, the 28th January last, Alexander Young | the principal actor in the seenes 1 f, | gave ay a prelude to the bloody trag | an exhibition of Ris maliciousness by eusti | the keeper of a “funda”? whieh had bee | in the place. ‘This taste of blvod for ¥ afresh trail, and be kept it like a bloodhound, | pack of many others ike himself following at his hects | and in the rume pursuit. With pistols in’ hand they | paraded through the village in all diree tions, and seem- ingly desirous of uitting thurder. They enter a | Mexicun’s house, eall for wine; the poor follow is not sufticiently prompt to suit their excited fancies, imme- diately a pistel is levelled at bis head ; but, thank God, the epp will not explode ; now hear with that fiendish | pleasure the ruffians laugh at the innecent man’s fright A harwuless Indian girl. rhocked at their rude familri- ties, seeks to eseupe, but finds her sex no protection wholesale biutality dealt cut to all who dare ypearance of ¢ prevents that whieh bears more particularly upon our Prevent object Aleut mid-day, or shortly after. a part of the band had ecliceted at the “fonda” of the man who had been wounded on the day previous; at this time a peaceable per on is passing by from a shooting excursion, lis fowling | piece is forcibly taken from him by this Alexander Young. who takes it intoa house and kills an famate of the tame, The murderer then coolly takes a drink of liquor, is informed that his ¥ is dead or dying. when he | straightens it, and crosses A fow minutes later the rond, Inugl to kill every Woods, the erally known as a F the bloody dee or drive them from the place dered porson in this instance, wax In the evening of the eame day, a person was riding | along the road when six of the band cocked and | their pirtols at him, forcing him to return by t | he come, o be shut may had shadowe ged to the orderly part of the community ; it was | then resolved to ask for assistance from the military post road at San Elizerio, about six miles distant, A note was written, stating the necessity of the em | of the part cecurrences, Vl that time, In about two hours (be express retu with an answer declining to furnish any aasistan | on the plea that we should first apply to the civil | authe rities | d there been any wall known or reliable civil autho: at Sceorre, such an answer might be deemed proper hut there were 4. admitting that fuet could « the taunting, ia- ritie | and excusable | there wns nt OX ult . which closes the | 9m m he writes, “I Pe by hi tu reply was made on the follow m me persons who had addre fl the first communication: — “Soconno, Treas, Jan. 30, 1801 ‘apt ——, commanding San Elizario. —Your note wax received last night. We regre tances which re Lit necessary for Aime citizens to ask for protection from American sol “Though there are ‘good citizens enough in Soeort> who may be summoned’ for the protection of life and j rty, we yet thought that those who wi for the protet f the same, and the estab some kind of order, would have the best right to tax | business im hand, expecially as ‘tis well known, both and n 1 nOU-eXis of any responsible | Lebte civil authority at this ple “Trusting thet the trifling number we have present, will be eufficient for thy f ourselves and the in th far re. On the wight the above note was despate “ place. such being the « mt whieh eonld | be afforded to those who were of enjoying p ewntly the little society present cited in an examination and trial since held, other Information not furnished at that tin | prove that certain i | Young, John Wade, Mar t it from all goes to known as Alexand t, Wilfiam Craig, - dancing was goin; meditoted design of © breaking it up an with a Mr, Clarke and any one ele Young commenced by makigg a considerable » fae it grew later, fired his pletel off at a can ened females were not permitted to retire, amd any one Who might attempt to take them away was threatene with death Meanwhile, two ruifians stood on it tide as sentinels, one at exch side of tine entrance. Craig | discharged his pistol at the eloc vetroyling the same while Young, with a kni hand and @ pistol in | the ott 0 final blondy net was cor pitted by amattack apon Clark: commenced by Your ¢ i followed. ina direct manner, | by Wade, Butler a+ 4° Craig. and in & manner lees direct | by others of the yarty who were standing round. The result was tha’, Clarke was carried away to ® surgeon | mortally we ahied in nine of ten places. and Chas. Gates | was thken, gway with 9 severe shot nd in the leg. | The yiorning following, horror and dismay were de- in the faces of all, What was to be done? The bod refueed to ald us, and we felt that whatever at the same moment that ! 46 pistol is within.» fe of Clarke's hend, who is © ¢ting in aebair, At length the srg oe t many have been received without a | v ‘ou some further brief | descriptions of eminent publiefmen here, that I have | overnment has. | rious duties; t might have been their excuses,thef¥ non-cotmpliance with our request had permitted the pe#petration of another r had but a reasonstiy pessle? of theis at Socorro ately, thy mur- rs would have been frightened or’ driven from the place, The alealde of the village, a weskoand sicily ims hecile, had transferred his authority tom person evem more timid and less reliable than himse®! yet Ga son was invested with the powers of a jitttiee of the pence, by authority of a commission from State of ‘exas, “This person constituted the entire c!¥fl authori- ty at Socorro, The few members of the bous@ary com- mission present were compelled to resolve apon some plan for the protéction not only of their own ves and Preperty. but also for the protection of the tembling snd disinayed population. Messengers were imme- diately sent to San Elizerio, for assistance fromthe main body of the commission there engaged ia ve call was promptly hours a party of Mexicana and in about thre Our government at home do not act wisely, as it | Atericans. which we had hastily armed. were joined/by the other members of the eomunission, and likewise many of” the villagers from below. The force was divided, and every suspeetcd house searched, by which they succteded im arresting cight or nine of the party; but Young, the leader, had made bis escape carly in the . The prisoners were iinmediately ertied to the house of Judge rthold, where a court was instituted to suit the emee- gencies of the case; jurors were supmmoned and sworn, @ Prosecuting attorney named, and counsel for dofenee offered to the prisoners, whiel they deelined receiving, treating the offer as # jest, and wruking vulgar and ob scene remarks upon ther position, They were evidently lars, lot me prefacs'vufficiently | ducted with for | Heur there was anadfsurnmens, It is well taown-| queace a own house, and: not’ within: those litnits even, as the fol- | them. } presented | torted to the-fittle plaza in front of over the others, for the accommodatiom of the larger por- | Where the pi tion of the commission, with the necessary conveniences | hix holy off for quarters, storeboures, &&, was immediately selected. | Withsta ed and every comfort that their osit! ir heads during the time that the greater portion of | ‘a+t mome ties connected with the boundary survey bad called off | ¢xecution exeeuted; bh | | and regular procession was form | ented itvelf, but it was im) | little, harmless old man, rather to be pitied than feared, | he was vi pointed ! of a change About night-time, terror and dis- | e¢ every face within the village that be- | | ing thet, by the mut under the impression that nothing would be done, boliew- 1 enderstanding between each one and the other of them, they could easily swear them- selves owt of the diffenity. ‘The examinations were con- propriety, and@ the prisoners were made te keep sileme fy the armed « at determined front presented by the citfrens present. The court continurd its sifting until after de rk, whem Mlizario. The lust named town lies further down the raig, Wade and Butler were ordered to be con@med im all until ten o'clock of the following morning, to» whiels juring the’ examina- im imany thieats were openly made, and information had been recesred that # rescue would be attempted iff the prisoners were not stvongly gaarded, ant in’ conse rd, composed of six well’ armed: mem, was kept all night in the jail, On ¥riday, the Sint, at 1o'clock, AL M., the court met uirsuant tO an © and proceeded: to: tey Wile mm Coabg. John Marcus Botler, for eéding and abetting in the mrurdevous assault on Edward ¢. Clarke, Mt was evident to all that muek of the testime received In the examination cf the day previcus was many worthless and vagabond pwn, near this place. hed | a8 perfeet as it migh? have been, had not the witseaae wn upon the peaceful inhabitwat. of the little yil- | been intimidated by the threats of some of the ‘4, | Who had Keen heard ( «wear repeatedly that the; 2 Kill any ore who test @ed to avght agninst thi com. panions. or who dared attempt to execute the laws upom Novwithstanc ing all this, the evidence was safi- clently stroag and cone sive to insuretheir conviction. wnblers, horse | The jury browght in a verdict of “guilty.” and the judge: of the United | sentenced them to be huog in one Sour from the time of The the adjournient of the court isoners were es the village ‘chuesk mt met then, to give sweh consolation as ice would permis of; but their conduct, net- 1 Me desire on the part of all to afford thean mn wonld allow of, com and indifferent, even untill the ‘The «un wus setting when they arrivndtat the place of Immediately the citizens formed # cirele: azound the gallows tree, to prevent auy rescue, whicls Ginued reckless, owreles Ler of the ecmmission at Socorro became pedueed, in the | there Wax every raason to believe would be attempted uiet of the village; | It was fast growing dark, and th bury actions of a large the condemned, dividing amd bodies. at different poimes party, and thea a tan attack e centre, proved thal ightest chance icity that the sentence of th last th ere hun namber of the assoeintes coBecting » around and nearer and n was designed. with ext Mh if oocedings were ne of a character I hope pelle Cto Witness again. ‘The firm, deter- not wam™ the chilling sensation which lny beavy on the | mined front of outraged citizens on the one side. and the bolt and daring ecmpanions « coolly watching each other; the first for the protection of life and the suppost of pence and goodorder im the community, the other with the malicious eyes of disap villany on the other, beth | pointed and infuriated devils, who, to rescue their evig in they asked the meaning of the clause in the | COmpanions, would have been willing to sacrifice « hun f Guadalupe de Hidalgo, which promises that the | dred additional Lives ‘The lanterns lent « pale and fickering light to those who were tuking the dodies down for their removal. te the jail for safe keeping until the morrow, Alex. MeNi- ch new outrage escaping the no- | Yea. a and horsethief, was fi creen, ga iitional” boldness to | after the bodies, and on approaching. the jail, he ing ux; the darkness of | With pallid and. trembling 1i pot the remains of his compa ution to do anything of the ki! inention this as a fair example of the cowardice whiok prevails among the mort desperate desperndoes, Saxcnnay, Fen, 1—farly in the morning the bodies of Crnig. Butler and Wade were removed for interment. At two P.M, the citizens and strangers assembled.at the louse where the body of Clarke was waiting its fimal re. moval to the place scleeted for its seputture. An priest, with all the insige body was corried t nt of the ehure es ot the day previous, reflections of the past night, hod coused a great we in this bold deeperado; and, with a solemm that he would abstain from liquor from that (us it was to liquor alone that he changed his improper conduct.) be war diecharged. rendering bimself liable te Whe fail to respect his solewmm in open court. At sindown McNives Was for upon the road, with his mouth full of promises te do better in the future Sccorro now beewme quiet, orderly. anda pleasant place to dwelt in, but there was still ope other, and he the principal ac I these scenes, who was yet to be apprehended the penalty of all his great crimes, mi fur all evil-doers would be eom- in plete. Four hundred dollars were subscribed and offered aa & reward for the arrest of Alexander Young, and his de- livery olive at Socorro, Volunteer parties were out te dircetions; and others were looking for him, tempted Ly the prospect of gaining the large reward offered. At Iength. on the morning et Uhe 11th, wews reached us of his arrest, and that in the evening he would. be delivered at Socorro, Another unplearant but ry duty pre- sible to avotd it. Young arrived in the evening and was placed in the jail, and guarded; ten o'clock the following morning be pinted for his trial, Duriig the wight i the eareless, dogged look had left atfog. inquiring glance told plainly nin the inner man, He was anxious te ow if either of the three previously hung had made & fession or not. and raid he had «given up all hopes of Heing asked if he wished to write to any one would like to have a letter writtes rd from birw for «ix yenry his eye, eenping he answered that to hie mother, who ha 1 t think there was any hope after death. but would try and turn bis thoughts heaven ward. He then knelt down aud prayed, after whieh he was left alone At ten A. M., February 12th, the a jary ice panelled, Ke., notwithstanding the inelem of the Weather and the heavy falling snow, which rendered Une dutics of the ning dowbly unpleasant At the opem rt a letter of Ul tT containing his ing of the e¢ remeht in ay but it was deemed adv thew still further tl who had been pun) bh verdict of guilty ther evidenec, te it of every one pecially as it wos to the im terest of one or two persons, who were pacing for honest tnd honors ble m phold the charaeters of their as reeintes, The pr found 1 sentenced te be ly At4P OM. he wae tak the church Where, with penitent lips. and on penitent knees, he made tir final cont the bi a mi buried as rexpeet | stances of his ence would admit the tree, with the rope arcund his ne | ree what gasnbling, w h testimony ot those | prevent during the night in question, as it has been eli. | te ble ogeto. With ouber m cluded, begging them to bewar and an ungovernable temper, | P.M. the law was carried inte etfeet, tree and upon the sume spot where th were hen be allowed to ray w few words to those He begged of those who warning from pe profit by the war a okler per ented in Bis case, They evwed ring drinking. aud an Ungovern wort of evi asocitions, had away from home ab the \ that Rowe brought him t age of Fourteen yours 1 was teiking with some of the Mexicans. a day sinee, when at old man temarked, ~ Ah, sit, E have now lived in these parts, aud never befure wit: ae has been shown im the hment of these murderers ed scumething of the Kind for Socorro ie mew wore quiet thea T sock the chimney corner with fear a ‘The remarks of the okt man are just; many that bad fled the village are returning; the men are boxy in the ficlde. preparing and stocking their latls for the aprreg crop: the children and boys ate as noiky ae ever, aad the wild notes of the rancho song are heard in the quiet moonlit eve. leaving an impression on the mind of Lee ning strangers, strang peculiar wo teelf, Court of Commen Pleas, Kefore Non. Judge lngral Arnit 5.—Drcetow.— Hastings ve William Me Kanby and Themns Nicholls —Ihe ction Laken by dcfosdante to plaintiff's right to recovery. Lecause the elt was Drought In the name ¢f a marrivd woman wh nout a neat friend, is overruled Judgment ordeved fur the plaintifl for $600, and intercet from date of deuvery of Uke gooda, with corte,